WO2004048858A1

WO2004048858A1 - Air replacement system used for ventilating at least one room of a building

Info

Publication number: WO2004048858A1
Application number: PCT/DE2003/003880
Authority: WO
Inventors: Armin Reynartz
Original assignee: Meltem Wärmerückgewinnung GmbH & Co. KG
Priority date: 2002-11-26
Filing date: 2003-11-24
Publication date: 2004-06-10
Also published as: DE20218363U1; EP1570213A1; DE10394109D2; AU2003292980A1

Abstract

The invention relates to an air replacement system comprising at least one sensor unit (25) and a least one air-replacing device (1). The sensor unit (25) is provided with at least one sensor (28-31) and at least one transmitter (32) that is connected to the sensor/s (28-31) while the air-replacing device (1) is provided with at least one extract fan (6), at least one receiver (34), and at least one control unit (33) which is connected to the receiver (34) and the extract fan (6). A wireless connection that is used for transmitting the test results of the sensor/s (28-31) can be established or cleared between the transmitter (32) and the receiver (34).

Description

description

Air exchange system for the ventilation of at least one room of a building

The invention relates to an air exchange system for venting at least one room of a building with at least one air exchange device.

To ensure a consistently high quality of breathing air in the living and working rooms of buildings, exhaust air that is often used is conveyed outside by a fan from inside the building. At the same time, there is a controlled supply of fresh air to the interior of the building.

The pollution of humans with air pollutants inside buildings is generally higher today than the pollution from the outside air. Particularly in the case of low-energy houses and passive houses, in which the building envelope and the windows are soundproof and airtight, a more intensive and faster accumulation of the pollutants can be observed. This results in disturbances in well-being, especially the so-called sick building syndrome in people who are in such rooms. This sick building syndrome manifests itself in the form of irritation of the eyes and the upper airways, in the form of more frequent infections, in the form of skin inflammation and itching, in the form of chest pain and other non-specific symptoms such as headache, drowsiness, confusion, exhaustion and vomiting.

Furthermore, people who are in such rooms often complain about drying out of the mucous membranes in the area of the eyes and upper respiratory tract, or even about colds.

It is therefore an object of the invention to provide an air exchange system with which adequate ventilation of a building is ensured and with which the occurrence of the above-mentioned complaints in persons who are in such rooms is reliably counteracted.

This object is solved by the subject matter of the independent claims. Advantageous configurations result from the respective subclaims.

The invention provides a sensor unit for a ventilation or air exchange device intended for arrangement on the inside of a room.

Such a sensor unit contains at least one comfort sensor or trace gas sensor and / or at least one temperature sensor and / or at least one air humidity sensor, which is designed as an absolute air humidity sensor for measuring the absolute air humidity or as a relative air humidity sensor for measuring the relative air humidity of the air inside the room can.

The feel-good sensor is designed so that it can measure concentrations of gases, solid or suspended matter contained in the air. Common well-being sensors are, for example, CO ₂ or CO concentration sensors. More comfortable feel-good sensors are able to detect a wide range of gases, solid or suspended matter contained in the air. Furthermore, the sensor unit has a transmitter connected to at least one of the sensors mentioned, which is designed such that control information or measured values measured by the sensors can be transmitted over a radio link. The transmitter and the sensor or sensors are arranged in or on a common sensor housing.

Such a sensor unit can be used to control individual ventilation systems with their own or with a common exhaust line, so-called one-pipe ventilation systems, and to control central ventilation systems with a jointly variable total volume flow.

A basic idea of the invention is to provide a sensor unit that can be flexibly installed within a room and that can transmit control information or measured values of one or more sensors via a radio link. In a sensor unit that is spatially decoupled from an air exchange device, a large number of sensors for detecting relevant parameters of the air in the room can be arranged, which results in a particularly compact design of the sensor unit.

In addition to the sensor units which each send out the measured values determined by the sensors, the present invention also includes sensor units which already have a calculation unit. Such a calculation unit is connected to the sensors present and to the transmitter and checks whether the measured values determined by the sensors exceed or fall below predetermined limit values. Depending on the results of these checks, the sensor unit sends out control information. If a ventilation or air exchange device is controlled with such a sensor unit, this control information is switch-on and switch-off information. If one or more valves are controlled with such a sensor unit, this control information is open and closed information. In both cases, the transmitter of the sensor unit preferably transmits binary data one or zero or "yes" or "no", each of which switches the ventilation or air exchange device on, off or over or opens, closes or changes the position of the valve or valves.

For better information to the user, the sensor unit can additionally be equipped with an optical and / or acoustic signal transmitter which indicates an optical and / or acoustic signal if at least one measured value assumes an impermissible value.

Switch-on or opening information is then calculated by the calculation unit and sent out by the transmitter if an inadmissible exceeding or falling below the limit values is detected by the measured values determined by the sensors. Switch-off or closing information is only calculated by the calculation unit and sent out by the sensor when all the measured values determined by the sensors are again within the permissible range.

This configuration of the sensor unit means that there is no need for energy-intensive, continuous data exchange. The transmitter sends control information only if the calculation unit detects a relevant change in the measured values of the sensors.

The transmitter and / or the sensor or the sensors can be supplied with energy by an energy store, preferably also in the battery, which is preferably also arranged in the sensor housing.

Alternatively, it is possible to equip the sensor unit with a power supply connection or with a power plug or with a power supply unit, with which the transmitter and the sensor or the sensors can be supplied with energy. A particularly compact design of the sensor unit is obtained when such a power plug is mounted directly on the sensor housing. In this case, the sensor unit can be put into operation reliably by plugging the power plug into a socket and at the same time fastened without screws.

With a sensor unit, which includes a C0 ₂ concentration sensor, a CO concentration sensor, a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor, the condition of the air in the interior can be detected very precisely.

The invention also relates to a ventilation device of a room of a building with at least one electrical exhaust air fan for conveying an exhaust air flow from the inside to the outside of the building.

Such a ventilation device has a receiver for receiving control information or for receiving temperature and humidity values as well as concentration values of gases, solids or gases contained in the air Suspended substances, in particular of CO ₂ concentration or CO concentration values. The receiver is connected to a control unit, which can be designed such that it can switch the exhaust air fan or fans as a function of control information or as a function of measured values into at least one operating state with a predetermined rotational frequency.

In order to determine control information from received measured values, the control unit must carry out calculations, in particular checking the measured values against predetermined limit values.

In practice, such a ventilation device can exist as an individual ventilation system with its own or with a common exhaust air line and as a central ventilation system with a jointly variable total volume flow.

Such a ventilation device can promptly counteract an undesirable development of the air quality inside the building, whereby according to a basic idea of the invention several parameters influencing the breathing air quality, in particular the CO ₂ concentration, the CO concentration, the temperature and the air humidity, are recorded and processed synchronously can. The respiratory air quality to be achieved inside the building can be individually set by a user through a suitable choice of the limit values. Tolerances can be taken into account when choosing these limit values.

With a ventilation device according to the invention, good breathing air quality inside the building can be guaranteed at all times. can be achieved by adjusting the volume of the used exhaust air that is transported outside from inside the building depending on the breathing air quality of the indoor air inside the building.

According to one embodiment of the invention, a basic ventilation operating state with a low rotational frequency and a power ventilation operating state with an increased rotational frequency are provided for the exhaust air fan. In the basic ventilation operating state, the rotational frequency of the exhaust air fan can also be zero.

Such a ventilation device is normally in the basic ventilation operating state. The exhaust air fan is switched by the control unit from the basic to the power ventilation operating state, either when switch-on information is received from the receiver, or when a concentration value received by the receiver exceeds a predefinable limit concentration value and / or when a temperature value received by the receiver exceeds or falls below a predeterminable limit temperature and / or if a relative and / or absolute humidity value received by the receiver exceeds or falls below a predeterminable limit humidity value.

Ideally, the basic ventilation operating state is only exited when it is really necessary to improve the breathing air quality of the indoor air inside the building. This ensures a simple and at the same time effective mode of operation of the ventilation device. In an energy-saving embodiment of the invention, the control unit switches the exhaust air fan from the power back into the basic ventilation operating state when the measured values received by the receiver again fall below or exceed the predetermined limit values and thus again accept permissible values. In this case, if the rotational frequency of the exhaust air fan is zero in the basic ventilation operating state, the exhaust air fan is switched off.

This ensures that the ventilation device is switched back to the basic ventilation operating state or switched off when the breathing air quality inside the building is again better.

The invention also relates to an air exchange device which has a ventilation device described above and an electrical supply air fan for promoting a supply air flow from the outside into the interior of the building. The provision of such a supply air fan ensures ventilation and thus continuous air circulation inside the building.

The control unit can advantageously also be connected to the supply air fan and switch the supply air fan to one or more operating states, each with predetermined rotational frequencies, as a function of the control information received from the receiver or as a function of the measurement values received from the receiver. This ensures that fresh, unused outside air gets inside the building. A basic ventilation operating state with a low or zero rotational frequency and a power ventilation operating state with an increased rotational frequency can also be provided for the supply air fan, into which the supply air fan is switched when switch-on information is received by the receiver or when the measured values received by the receiver each assume an impermissible value. This enables simple and effective operation of the air exchange device, in which the supply air flow is also adjusted depending on the quality of the breathing air inside the building.

According to a further, particularly energy-saving embodiment of the invention, the control unit can switch the supply air fan back from the power to the basic ventilation operating state or switch it off if switch-off information is received from the receiver or if the measured values received by the receiver are again within the permissible range. This prevents the air exchange device from continuing to be operated in the power ventilation operating state if the critical limit values for the criteria for breathing air quality inside the building are again fallen short of or exceeded and the breathing air quality inside the building is again sufficiently high.

The air exchange device is particularly advantageous when the switching of the exhaust air and supply air fans from the basic to the power ventilation operating state and back from the power to the basic ventilation operating state takes place synchronously. In order to use the heat of the exhaust air for energy efficiency reasons to heat the cold outside air flowing into the building, a heat exchanger can be provided, the heating side of which is flowed through by the supply air flow and the cooling side of which is flowed through by the exhaust air flow. This heat exchanger can also be used when the outside air is warmer than the air inside the building. In this case, the side of the heat exchanger through which the supply air flow flows forms the cooling side and the side through which the exhaust air flow flows forms the heating side. The heat exchanger, the exhaust air fan and the supply air fan are preferably arranged in a housing which can in particular be attached to a building wall.

The invention further relates to a ventilation device for the ventilation of at least one room of a building. This comprises an electrical exhaust air fan for conveying an exhaust air flow from the inside to the outside of the building, at least one valve arranged in front of the exhaust air fan through which the exhaust air flow flows before it reaches the exhaust air fan and a receiver for receiving control information , in particular of open and closed information and / or for receiving measured values from the sensors described above. Furthermore, such a ventilation device has a control unit which is connected to the receiver and to the valve or to the valve or valves. This control unit can switch the valve or valves or valves to at least one valve position depending on control information received from the receiver or depending on measured values received by the receiver. If the control unit receives measured values, control information is generated in the control unit from these measured values by comparing the received measured values with predefined limit values.

Such a ventilation device according to the invention can be integrated in central ventilation systems. Central ventilation systems with volumetric flow rates that are variable in the way of living are particularly suitable, in which the residents have adjustable valves with adjustable valve characteristics in the individual apartments.

Such a ventilation device can reliably prevent a deterioration in the air quality inside the building by means of an automatic radio-based valve control. A large number of parameters which influence the quality of the breathing air can advantageously be recorded and processed simultaneously.

According to a first embodiment of this venting device, the valve or valves are switched by the control unit into an open or half-open valve position, either if opening information is received from the receiver or if the concentration values received by the receiver are in an impermissible range , The control unit switches the valve or valves back into a closed or semi-closed valve position, either when closing information is received from the receiver or when the concentration values received by the receiver are again within a permissible range. This embodiment of the a simple, reliable and energy-saving ventilation of the room of the building is guaranteed.

The invention further relates to a ventilation and / or an air exchange system for at least one room of a building with at least one sensor unit described above and with at least one ventilation device described above or with at least one air exchange device described above.

In such a ventilation and / or an air exchange system, a radio connection or a radio link for transmitting the measured values of the feel-good sensor or the feel-good sensors and / or the temperature sensor and / or the air humidity sensor can be established and removed again between the transmitter and the receiver , Via this radio link, either the control information already determined by the sensor unit or the measured values determined by the named sensor or by the named sensors are fed to the control unit of the ventilation or air exchange device.

Such a ventilation and / or air exchange system has the advantage that it can be controlled on the basis of different criteria, such as in particular CO ₂ or CO concentration, temperature or air humidity. The invention also extends to ventilation and air exchange systems in which further parameters of the air inside the building are detected and checked.

In addition, the sensor unit need not be arranged directly on the ventilation or air exchange device. but can also be at some distance from it. In particular, such a sensor unit can be arranged in areas of the building that are critical for the air quality.

The control information or the measured values of the sensors of the sensor unit can be transmitted in an energy-saving manner in specific time intervals which can be predetermined by a user, or can only be carried out if there is a relevant change in the measured values, each of which switches the exhaust air fan or exhaust air on or off -Fans or opening or closing of the valve or valves. This ensures economical operation of the air exchange system according to the invention with satisfactory monitoring of breathing air quality inside the building.

A radio link is then only established between the transmitter and the receiver immediately before the transmission times and dismantled again immediately thereafter. The radio link can be unidirectional.

In an advantageous development, the radio link can also be designed bidirectionally. In this case, the receiver sends a feedback to the transmitter, with which the correct receipt of the control information or measured values received and / or the change in operating state of the exhaust air fan is confirmed. Only then is the radio link dismantled.

The invention is illustrated in more detail in the drawings using an exemplary embodiment. FIG. 1 shows a schematic top view of an air exchange device,

FIG. 2 shows a schematic, perspective representation of the plate heat exchanger shown in FIG. 1 and a graphic illustration of the air flows flowing through the plate heat exchanger,

FIG. 3 shows a schematic cross section of an air exchange device according to FIG. 1 fastened to an outer wall along the section line A-A shown in FIG. 1,

FIG. 4 shows a schematic cross section of the air exchange device according to FIG. 1 attached to the outer wall along the section line B-B shown in FIG. 1,

FIG. 5 shows a schematic illustration of a residential building and of an air exchange system arranged in the residential building,

FIG. 6 shows a schematic cross section of a second residential building with four individual ventilation systems arranged therein with a common exhaust air duct,

FIG. 7 shows a schematic cross section of a third apartment building with a sensor-controlled central ventilation system arranged therein.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic top view of an air exchange device 1.

The air exchange device 1 is enclosed by a square housing 3. In the plan view shown in Figure 1, the front of the housing 3 is removed. The housing 3 has plastic in the exemplary embodiment, but can also be produced from other materials.

A square plate heat exchanger 2 is arranged in the center of the housing 3, in particular made of heat-conducting metal, only the top plate of the plate heat exchanger 2 being visible in the plan view according to FIG. The side length of the plate heat exchanger 2 corresponds to almost half the side length of the housing 3. The plate heat exchanger 2 is arranged rotated at an angle of 45 ° with respect to the housing 3.

Above the upper right side of the plate heat exchanger 2, a circular outside air inlet opening 4 is provided in the underside of the housing 3. Around the outside air inlet opening 4 there is provided a curved wall which sits on the underside of the housing 3 and which closes at the upper and at the lower end of the upper right side of the plate heat exchanger 2.

A similarly shaped wall is provided on the upper left side of the plate heat exchanger 2, which closes at the upper and at the lower end of the upper left side of the plate heat exchanger 2. In the front of the housing 3, not shown here, an opening is provided, which is arranged within this wall when the front is placed on the housing 3.

On the lower right side of the plate heat exchanger 2 there is an exhaust air fan housing 5 with an exhaust air radial fan 6 and a funnel 8 arranged between the exhaust air radial fan 6 and the plate heat exchanger 2. The funnel 8 sits on the entire width of the lower right Side of the plate heat exchanger 2 and tapers on a distance about one eighth of the side length of the plate heat exchanger 2 by an angle of 30 °. On the entire width of the outlet side of the funnel 8, the exhaust air radial fan 6 is applied, of which only the cladding can be seen in the plan view in FIG. The axis of rotation of the exhaust air radial fan 6 is oriented vertically at the height of the center of the lower right side of the plate heat exchanger 2. The diameter or the width of the exhaust air radial fan 6 corresponds approximately to the outlet side of the funnel 8. The depth of the exhaust air radial fan 6 corresponds approximately to half its width. The exhaust air radial fan 6 is enclosed by an exhaust air fan housing 5, which has a rectangular exhaust air outlet opening 7 shown in dashed lines in FIG. 1 on its underside. This exhaust air outlet opening 7 is arranged offset from the center of the exhaust air radial fan 6 somewhat to the bottom left.

On the lower left side of the plate heat exchanger 2, a supply air intake radial fan 10 enclosed by a thin-walled supply air fan housing 9 comes into play. The axis of rotation of the supply air intake radial fan 10 is orthogonal to the lower left side of the plate heat exchanger 2 at the level of the center thereof. arranged. The diameter or the width of the supply air intake radial fan 10 corresponds approximately to the side length of the plate heat exchanger 2, its depth corresponds approximately to half its width. In the upper left area of the supply air intake radial fan 10, a rectangular supply air inlet opening 11 is arranged, through which several fan blades of the supply air intake radial fan 10 can be seen. In the exemplary embodiment, these are parallel to the axis of rotation of the supply air intake manifold. arranged diallüfters 10, but can also run obliquely to this or curved.

A first cutting line A-A runs through the lower left and through the upper right corner of the housing 3. A further cutting line B-B runs through the upper left and lower right corner of the housing 3.

FIG. 2 shows a schematic, perspective illustration of the plate heat exchanger 2 shown in FIG. 1 and a graphical illustration of the air flows flowing through the plate heat exchanger 2.

The plate heat exchanger 2 comprises three square metal plates arranged one above the other, each of which is shown standing on a corner in FIG. The lower and the middle plate of the plate heat exchanger 2 have a slit-like warm air inlet 102 on the upper left side and a slit-like cold air outlet 103 on the lower right side. On the lower left and on the upper right side, the lower plate is connected to the middle plate of the plate heat exchanger 2 with a continuous wall. On the upper right side of the plate heat exchanger 2 there is a slot-like cold air inlet 104 between the middle and the top plate. On the left lower side of the plate heat exchanger 2, a slot-like warm air outlet 105 is provided between the middle and the top plate of the plate heat exchanger 2. On the upper left and on the lower right side of the plate heat exchanger 2, a wall is provided between the middle and the upper plate. According to the illustration in FIG. 2, an exhaust air flow 12 flows into the warm air inlet 102, flows through the plate heat exchanger 2 and emerges from the cold air outlet 103 on the opposite side as an exhaust air flow 13. The area of the plate heat exchanger 2 through which the exhaust air flow 12 flows is also referred to as the cooling side. An outside air flow 14 enters the plate heat exchanger 2 through the cold air inlet 104, flows through it and exits the warm air outlet 105 as a supply air flow 15 on the opposite side. The area of the plate heat exchanger 2 through which the outside air flow 14 flows is also called the heating side of the plate heat exchanger 2.

Figure 3 shows a schematic cross section of an air exchange device 1 attached to an outer wall 17 along the section line A-A. In Figure 3, the heating side of the plate heat exchanger 2 is considered.

The air exchange device 1 rests with the back of its housing 3 on the front of the outer wall 17 and is accordingly located inside the building. It can be seen from the cross-sectional illustration in FIG. 3 that the diagonal height of the air exchange system 1 corresponds approximately to three times its depth. The interior of the housing 3 is divided into an uppermost outside air inlet area, a centrally located plate heat exchanger area and an underneath air inlet area.

The outside air inlet opening 4, to which a horizontal outside air supply pipe 18 connects on the outside wall side, is formed in the outside air inlet region on the rear side of the housing 3. In the plate heat exchanger area, the plate heat Exchanger 2 arranged, which has three parallel, in the illustration of Figure 3 from top to bottom air ducts. The plate heat exchanger 2 shown here corresponds in principle to the plate heat exchanger 2 from FIG. 2, but has eight plates arranged one above the other. In the supply air outlet area, a supply air fan wheel 16 is arranged within the supply air fan housing 9. The supply air fan wheel 16 is arranged horizontally in the middle. At the same level as the fan blades of the supply air fan wheel 16, a supply air outlet opening 11 is provided in the front of the housing 3 and in the left side of the supply air fan housing 9, the height of which corresponds to the width of the fan blades.

The supply air fan housing attaches to the left and to the right end of the underside of the plate heat exchanger 2, runs vertically downwards on both sides and has a horizontal underside directly in front of the underside of the housing 3.

Figure 4 shows a schematic cross section of the air exchange system 1 attached to the outer wall 17 along the section line B-B. The cooling side of the plate heat exchanger 2 is viewed in FIG.

The interior of the housing 3 is divided into an upper exhaust air inlet area, a central plate heat exchanger area and a lower exhaust air outlet area. In the exhaust air inlet area, an exhaust air inlet opening 19 is provided on the front of the housing 3. The plate heat exchanger 2, which has four parallel, vertically running air ducts, is arranged in the plate heat exchanger area. The plate heat exchanger 2 shown here corresponds in principle to that Plate heat exchanger 2 from Figure 2, but has eight plates arranged one above the other. The exhaust air outlet area comprises an exhaust air fan wheel 21 which is identical in terms of design, size and alignment with the supply air fan wheel 16 shown in FIG. 3. The exhaust air fan wheel 21 is arranged centered within the exhaust air fan housing 5. Horizontally at the same level as the exhaust air fan wheel 21, the exhaust air fan housing 5 on the right side and the housing 3 on its rear side each have an exhaust air outlet opening 7. At this exhaust air outlet opening 7 there is an exhaust air outlet pipe 22 which slopes slightly downward to the right. An exhaust air supply opening 20 is provided in the center on the upper side of the exhaust air fan housing 5, the width of which corresponds to approximately one third of the total width of the exhaust air fan housing 5. The funnel 8 is arranged between the left and the right end of the underside of the plate heat exchanger 2 and the left and right side of the top of the exhaust air fan housing 5.

The mode of operation of the air exchange device 1 is explained in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4.

As described in FIG. 2, there is a temperature gradient between the exhaust air flow 12 and the outside air flow 14, which is reduced by the plate heat exchanger 2 during operation of the air exchange device 1. The exhaust air flow 12 is cooled and the outside air flow 14 is heated. The exhaust air stream 12 secretes condensation water during cooling, which occurs on the cooling side of the plate heat exchanger 2, in particular at the cold air outlet 103. As shown in FIG. 1 and in FIG. 3, cold outside air is sucked in through the supply air intake radial fan 10 or through the supply air fan wheel 16. This outside air flow 14 enters the air exchange device 1 through the outside air supply pipe 18 shown in FIG. Then the outside air flow 14 flows through the air ducts of the plate heat exchanger 2 and is heated in the process. The heated air, now referred to as supply air flow 15, then flows through the supply air outlet opening 11 on the front side of the housing 26 into the interior of the building.

As can be seen in FIG. 1 and in FIG. 4, the exhaust air radial fan 6 or the exhaust air fan wheel 21 simultaneously sucks in warm exhaust air from the interior of the building. This exhaust air flow 12 flows into the air ducts of the plate heat exchanger 2. When flowing through the plate heat exchanger 2, the exhaust air flow 12 is cooled. The exhaust air flow 12 then passes through the funnel 8 and through the exhaust air supply opening 20 into the exhaust air fan housing 5. From there, the air, now referred to as exhaust air flow 13, is passed through the exhaust air outlet opening 7 from the air exchange device 1 and through the exhaust air outlet pipe 22 to an outside of the building. This takes place as a result of the movement of the exhaust air fan wheel 21 and as a result of the pressure difference that prevails between the interior of the exhaust air fan wheel 21 and the area located outside the exhaust air outlet opening 7.

FIG. 5 shows a schematic illustration of a first apartment building 23 and an air exchange system arranged in the first apartment building 23. The air exchange system is divided into a first sensor unit 25 and the air exchange device 1 fastened to the inside of the outer wall 17, which additionally has a control unit 33 and a first receiver 34.

The first sensor unit 25 comprises a first CO ₂ concentration sensor 28, a first CO concentration sensor 29, a first temperature sensor 30 and a first air humidity sensor 31. The sensors 28-31 are located within a sensor housing 26. Furthermore, the first sensor has - Sorein ^'unit 25 via a first transmitter 32, which is designed so that it can transmit the measured values of the sensors 28-31 over a radio link. Furthermore, the first sensor unit 25 has an LED 321 which lights up when the measured values of the sensors 28-31 assume impermissible values. The first transmitter 32, the sensors 28 to 31 and the LED 321 are supplied with energy via a power supply connection 27, which is connected to a wall socket 24 of the first apartment building 23 in FIG.

The first receiver 34 is intended to receive the measured values measured by the sensors 28-31 and transmitted by the first transmitter 32. The control unit 33 is designed such that it can process the measured values received by the first receiver 34 and can control the air exchange device 1, in particular the rotational frequencies of the exhaust air radial fan 6 and / or the supply air intake radial fan 10.

The control of the air exchange system according to the invention is explained below on the basis of several operating modes. In the operating modes explained below, a C0 ₂ limit concentration value of 1800 mg / m ³ C0 _{2 is} provided. This corresponds to 1000 ppm or 0.1 vol. %. Alternative C0 ₂ limit concentration values can range from 700 to 1500 ppm. The CO limit concentration value is subsequently 0.2 mg / m ³ , the limit temperature value not to be exceeded is 25 ° C and the relative limit humidity value which is not to be exceeded is 65%. The time interval for establishing the radio connection between the transmitter 32 and the receiver 34 is 5 minutes.

The individual limit values, the time interval for setting up and clearing down the radio connection between the first transmitter 32 and the first receiver 34 and the rotational frequencies of the ventilation operating states can be individually entered, in particular programmed, into the control unit 33 by a user.

In the first mode of operation of the air exchange system, the air exchange device 1 has only the exhaust air radial fan 6 and not the supply air intake radial fan 10. The air exchange device 1 for the first mode of operation of the air exchange system can also have a simpler structure than that explained in FIGS. 1-4 and does not need a plate heat exchanger 2.

In the first operating mode, the basic ventilation operating state is set so that the exhaust air radial fan 6 moves at a rotational frequency of 1 Hz. In the power ventilation operating state, the exhaust air radial fan 6 assumes a rotational frequency of 5 Hz. At the beginning of this first operating mode, the air exchange device 1 is in the basic ventilation operating state. After the time interval of 5 minutes, a unidirectional or bidirectional radio connection is established between the first transmitter 32 and the first receiver 34. The sensors 28-31 then determine their respective measured values, which are then transmitted over the radio link, received by the first receiver 34 and processed by the control unit 33. The control unit 33 checks whether the measured values of the sensors 28-31 exceed the limit values specified for them. In the present case, the first CO ₂ concentration sensor 28 detects a CO ₂ concentration of 1900 mg / m ² . This measured C0 ₂ concentration is above the specified C0 ₂ limit concentration value of 1800 mg / m ³ . This is determined by the control unit 33 and reported back by the first receiver 34 to the first transmitter 32, whereupon the LED 321 lights up. The control unit 33 now places the air exchange device 1 and thus the exhaust air radial fan 6 in the power ventilation operating state.

After the current measured values have been transmitted from the first transmitter 32 to the first receiver 34 and after feedback about the correct reception of the measured values from the first receiver 34 to the first transmitter 32, the radio connection between the first transmitter 32 and the first receiver 34 is restored reduced. This radio connection is only re-established after a further 5 minutes, new current measured values from the sensors 28-31 are each transmitted to the first receiver 34 and forwarded to the control unit 33 for processing. This cycle is repeated continuously. The LED 321 only goes out and the air exchange device 1 or the exhaust air radial fan 6 is only switched back to the basic ventilation operating state by the control unit 33 when the first CO ₂ concentration sensor 28 has a CO ₂ concentration of less than 1800 mg / m ^{2 is} determined.

Analogous to the operating mode described, in which an excessively high C0 ₂ concentration value is determined, the air exchange device 1 or the exhaust air radial fan 6 is switched to the power ventilation operating state even if at least one other sensor of the sensors 29-31 is used detects an impermissible measured value. The exhaust air radial fan 6 is not switched down to the basic ventilation operating state until all the measured values determined by the sensors 28-31 again assume permissible values.

In the operating mode explained above, the exhaust air radial fan 6 forces ventilation of the interior of the first apartment building 23, which creates a negative pressure. At the same time, the interior of the first apartment building 23 is ventilated by a supply air flow 15 entering the interior of the first apartment building 23 through the heating side of the air exchange device 1 as a result of pressure equalization between the outside and the interior of the first apartment building 23, even if no supply air intake radial fan 10 is provided.

In a second operating mode, the air exchange device 1 also has the supply air intake radial fan 10. In the second operating mode, the rotational frequencies of the exhaust air radial fan 6 and the supply air intake radial fan 10 in the basic ventilation operating state are each 1 Hz; in the power ventilation operating state, the rotational frequencies of the two fans 6, 10 are each 5 Hz.

In the second operating mode, the control unit 33 switches the exhaust air radial fan 6 and the supply air intake radial fan 10 synchronously into the basic ventilation operating state or into the power ventilation operating state depending on the measured values determined by the sensors 28-31. If a measured value determined by one of the sensors 28-31 exceeds the respectively predetermined limit value, both the exhaust air radial fan 6 and the supply air intake radial fan 10 are put into the power ventilation operating state. Only when all the measured values determined by the sensors 28 'to 31 are again below the respective limit values, are the two fans 6, 10 switched back to the basic ventilation operating state.

It is also conceivable to provide power ventilation operating states with even higher rotational frequencies, into which the control unit 33 switches the exhaust air radial fan 6 and / or the supply air intake radial fan 10 when several different measured values determined by the sensors 28 to 31 exceed the respective limit values or if the respective measured values greatly exceed the limit values.

In the third operating mode, lower limit values are provided for the limit temperature and for the limit humidity. In this third operating mode, the air exchange device 1 is then switched to the power ventilation operating state. sets when the temperature measured by the first temperature sensor 30 and / or the humidity measured by the first humidity sensor 31 drops below the respective limit value and only then switches back to the basic ventilation operating state when the again measured temperature or the newly measured humidity again are above the respective limit.

FIG. 6 shows a schematic cross section of a second residential building 35 with four individual ventilation systems arranged in the second residential building 35 with a common exhaust air duct.

The second house 35 is four-storey and comprises four superimposed apartments 36-39. A first exhaust duct 40 runs vertically through these apartments 36-39, which has a first cleaning closure 41 in the basement and which emerges from the gable roof of the second residential building 35. A first exhaust air fan 47 is arranged in the first apartment 36 and is connected to the first exhaust air line 40 by means of a supply pipe. In the second apartment 37, in the third apartment 38 and in the fourth apartment 39, a second exhaust fan 50, a third exhaust fan 51 and a fourth exhaust fan 52 are provided, each of which is also connected to the first by means of a supply pipe Exhaust line 40 are connected.

The first exhaust fan 47 has a second receiver 48 and a drive motor (not shown in FIG. 6) with a control unit. A first non-return flap 49 is provided in the feed pipe of the first exhaust air fan 47 and is used for pressure equalization. Such return pipes are also in each case in the supply pipes of the exhaust air fans 50-52. flaps provided. In the first apartment 36 there is also a second sensor unit 42, which has a second temperature sensor 44, a second humidity sensor 45 and a first comfort sensor 46, each of which is arranged in the housing of the second sensor unit 42. The first feel-good sensor 46 is designed so that it can measure a wide spectrum of gases, solid and suspended matter that are present in the room air of the first apartment 36 and determine their exact concentration. The sensors 44-46 are connected to a calculation unit (not shown in FIG. 6 for reasons of space), which generates control information for the first exhaust air fan 47 from the values measured by the sensors 44-46, which are sent out via the second transmitter 43 ,

The first exhaust air fan 47 with its control unit (not shown) and with its second receiver 48 forms, together with the second sensor unit 42, a first ventilation system. In practice, such ventilation systems are also referred to as individual ventilation systems. The first ventilation system and the ventilation systems formed from the exhaust air fans 50-52 each represent individual ventilation systems with a common first exhaust line 40.

The operating modes of the first ventilation system correspond to the operating modes of the air exchange system described with reference to FIG. 5, formed from the air exchange device 1 and the first sensor unit 25. In contrast to the air exchange device 1 shown in FIGS. 1, 3, 4 and 5, the present invention Ventilation system no supply air line provided. In a further embodiment, not shown here, several exhaust air fans are arranged in the same apartment. In this embodiment, all exhaust air fans located in this apartment can be controlled synchronously by a sensor unit. For this purpose, the individual exhaust air fans either each have their own receiver and their own control unit or they share a receiver and / or a control unit.

FIG. 7 shows a schematic cross section of a third apartment building 53 with a sensor-controlled central ventilation system arranged therein.

The third house 53 corresponds in terms of its structure and in terms of its second exhaust duct 58 to the second house 35 shown in FIG. 6 with the first exhaust duct 40. The third sensor unit 60 also corresponds in terms of its components, its structure and its arrangement to the second sensor unit shown in FIG 42. Matching components are not explained separately again.

In contrast to FIG. 6, a central ventilation system is shown in FIG. In FIG. 7, a central exhaust air fan 65 is provided in the roof structure of the third apartment building 53, which is equipped with a motor (not shown in FIG. 7) with a control unit and with a third receiver 66. The central exhaust air fan 65 serves to vent the apartment 54-57. There are no exhaust air fans on the supply pipes of the second exhaust air line 58, but rather valves 67, 69-71. The first valve 67 arranged in the fifth apartment 54 is additionally equipped with a fourth receiver 68. In a first variant of the central ventilation system shown in FIG. 7, the valves 67, 69, 70 and 71 have an operationally unchangeable characteristic curve. This means that individual adjustment of valves 67, 69-71 is not possible. In this variant, the volume of the exhaust air flow for the apartments 54-57 can only be regulated jointly via the rotational frequency of the central exhaust air fan 65.

In this variant, the central exhaust air fan 65 is controlled via a radio connection that can be set up and broken down between the third transmitter 61 and the third receiver 66.

This radio connection can be set up and cleared analogously to the operating modes explained with reference to FIG. 5, that is to say interval-controlled. It is particularly energy-saving if a radio connection between the third transmitter 61 and the third receiver 66 is only established if one of the sensors 62-64 detects a too high or too low value in order to increase the exhaust air flow. The calculation is carried out in a calculation unit which is provided in or on the third sensor unit. In this case, the third transmitter 61 only sends control information, that is to say switch-on and switch-off information, to the central exhaust air fan 65.

In this case, feedback from the third receiver 66 to the third transmitter 61 can be provided that the change in the operating state of the central exhaust air fan 65 has been carried out correctly. In this case, the data connection between the third transmitter 61 and the third receiver 66 is bidirectional educated. The data connection between the third transmitter 61 and the third receiver 66 is then cleared down again and only then re-established when all the values measured by the sensors 62-64 are again within a permissible range. The central exhaust air fan 65 is then switched back to the basic operating state and the radio connection is cleared again after the third receiver 66 has reported back to the third transmitter 61 that the operating state has changed properly.

In a further development according to the invention of this first variant of the central ventilation system, which is not shown in FIG. 7, a sensor unit with a transmitter is also provided in each of the apartments 55-57, with which the central exhaust fan 65 can be controlled.

In a second variant of the central ventilation system shown in FIG. 7, the valves 67, 69-71 are designed to be adjustable, so that the volume of the exhaust air streams can be adjusted individually for each of the apartments 54-57.

The exhaust air flow in the fifth apartment 54 can therefore be adjusted by the first valve 67 depending on the quality of the breathing air. The control of the first valve 67 takes place via a radio connection that can be set up and broken down between the third transmitter 61 and the fourth receiver 68. This control can take place in one of the operating modes described with reference to FIG. 5.

In addition to the individual control of the first valve 67, a general control of the central exhaust air fan 65 can also be provided, for example if that first valve 67 is open to the maximum and an increase in the volume of the exhaust air flow in the first apartment 54 is still required. In this case, a radio connection is established between the third transmitter 61 and the fourth receiver 68, as well as a further radio connection between the third transmitter 61 and the third receiver 66.

Claims

Expectations

1. Sensor unit for a ventilation device or for an air exchange device with the following features: the sensor unit (25; 42; 60) is intended for arrangement on the inside of a room, at least one feel-good sensor (28, 29; 46; 64) for measuring concentrations the gases, solids or suspended matter contained in the air, in particular a C0 ₂ concentration sensor (28) or a CO concentration sensor (29), and/or a temperature sensor (30; 44; 62), and/or an air humidity sensor (31; 45; 63), at least one with the feel-good sensor (28, 29; 46; 64) or with the feel-good sensors (28, 29; 46; 64) and / or with the temperature sensor (30; 44; 62) and /or transmitter (32; 43; 61) connected to the air humidity sensor (31; 45; 63), the transmitter (32) and/or the feel-good sensor (28, 29) or the feel-good sensors (28, 29; 46; 64) and/or the temperature sensor (30) and/or the air humidity sensor (31) are arranged in or on a common sensor housing (26).

2. Sensor unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the sensor unit (25; 42; 60) has a calculation unit which is connected to the transmitter (32; 43; 61) and / or to the feel-good sensor (28, 29; 46; 64) or is connected to the feel-good sensors (28, 29; 46; 64) and/or to the temperature sensor (30; 44; 62) and/or to the air humidity sensor (31; 45; 63), wherein by the calculation unit Control information that can be sent by the transmitter (32; 43; 61) for at least one ventilation or air exchange device (1; 47; 65), in particular switch-on and switch-off information, or for at least one valve (67, 69-70), in particular open and Closing information, from the values of the feel-good sensor (28, 29; 46; 64) or the feel-good sensors (28, 29; 46; 64) and/or the temperature sensor (30; 44; 62) and/or the humidity sensor (31; 45 ; 63) are calculable.

3. Sensor unit according to claim 2, characterized in that switch-on information for at least one ventilation or air exchange device (1; 47; 65) or opening information for at least one valve (67, 69-70) can be calculated by the calculation unit if at least one of the Feel-good sensor (28, 29; 46; 64) or concentration value measured by the feel-good sensors (28, 29; 46; 64) exceeds a predeterminable limit concentration value and / or when a temperature value measured by the temperature sensor (30; 44; 62). exceeds or falls below a predeterminable limit temperature and/or when a relative and/or absolute humidity value measured by the air humidity sensor (31; 45; 63) exceeds or falls below a predefinable limit air humidity value.

4. Sensor unit according to one of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that an optical and / or an acoustic signal generator (321) is additionally provided, which is designed so that it can emit an optical and/or acoustic signal,

-» if at least one concentration value measured by the feel-good sensor (28, 29; 46; 64) or by the feel-good sensors (28, 29; 46; 64) exceeds a predeterminable limit concentration value and/or if a concentration value measured by the temperature sensor (30 ; 44; 62) measured temperature value exceeds or falls below a predeterminable limit temperature and/or if a relative and/or absolute humidity value measured by the air humidity sensor (31; 45; 63) exceeds or falls below a predefinable limit air humidity value.

3. Sensor unit according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that switch-off information for at least one ventilation or air exchange device (1; 47; 65) or closing information for at least one valve (67, 69-70) can be calculated by the calculation unit if the concentration value measured by the feel-good sensor (28, 29; 46; 64) or the concentration values measured by the feel-good sensors (28, 29; 46; 64) falls below or falls below the respectively predeterminable limit concentration value and/or if the concentration value measured by the temperature sensor (30; 44; 62) measured temperature value falls below or exceeds the predeterminable limit temperature and/or if the relative and/or absolute humidity value measured by the air humidity sensor (31; 45; 63) falls below or exceeds the predefinable limit air humidity value.

6. Sensor unit according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the sensor unit (25; 42; 60) is connected to the transmitter (32; 43; 61) and / or to the feel-good sensor (28, 29; 46; 64) or with the feel-good sensors (28, 29; 46; 64) and/or with the temperature sensor (30; 44; 62) and/or with the air humidity sensor (31; 45; 63) and/or with the energy storage connected to the calculation unit, in particular has a battery.

7. Sensor unit according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the sensor unit (25) is intended for arrangement at a socket (24), the sensor unit (25) being connected to the transmitter (32) and / or with the Feel-good sensor (28, 29) or with the feel-good sensors (28, 29) and/or with the temperature sensor (30) and/or with the humidity sensor (31) and/or with the power supply connection (27) connected to the calculation unit.

8. Sensor unit according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the sensor unit (25) comprises a C0 ₂ concentration sensor (28), a CO concentration sensor (29), a temperature sensor (30) and an air humidity sensor (31).

9. Ventilation device for at least one room of a building with the following features: at least one electric exhaust air fan (6; 47, 50-52; 65) for promoting an exhaust air flow (12). the interior to the outside of the building (23; 35; 53), at least one receiver (34; 48; 66, 68) for receiving control information, in particular switch-on and switch-off information and/or temperature and/or humidity values and /or concentration values of gases, solids or suspended matter contained in the air, in particular of C0 ₂ concentration or CO concentration values, at least one with the receiver (34; 48; 66, 68) and with the exhaust air fan (6; 47, 50-52; 65) or control unit (33) connected to the exhaust air fans (6; 47, 50-52; 65), which is designed so that the exhaust air fan (6; 47, 50-52; 65) or the exhaust air fans (6; 47, 50-52; 65) depending on control information received from the receiver (34; 48; 66, 68) or depending on from the receiver (34; 48; 66, 68) received temperature and / or humidity values and / or concentration values of gases, solids or suspended matter contained in the air can be switched into at least one operating state with a predetermined rotation frequency.

10. Ventilation device according to claim 9, characterized in that the or an exhaust air fan (6; 47, 50-52; 65) or the exhaust air fans (6; 47, 50-52; 65) are controlled by the control unit (33 ) from a switched off operating state or from a basic ventilation operating state with a low rotation frequency in a power ventilation operating state state can be switched with an increased rotation frequency when switch-on information is received by the receiver (34; 48; 66, 68) or when a concentration value received by the receiver (34; 48; 66, 68) is of a concentration value contained in the air Gas, solid or suspended matter, in particular a C0 ₂ concentration value or a CO concentration value exceeds a predeterminable limit concentration value and/or if a temperature value received by the receiver (34; 48; 66, 68) exceeds a predeterminable limit temperature. or falls below and/or if a relative and/or absolute humidity value received by the receiver (34; 48; 66, 68) exceeds or falls below a predeterminable limit humidity value.

11. Ventilation device according to claim 10, characterized in that the or an exhaust air fan (6; 47, 50-52; 65) or the exhaust air fans (6; 47, 50-52; 65) are controlled by the control unit (33 ) can be switched or switched off from the power ventilation operating state back to the basic ventilation operating state when switch-off information is received from the receiver (34; 48; 66, 68) or when a concentration value received from the receiver (34; 48; 66, 68). of a gas, solid or suspended matter contained in the air, in particular a C0 ₂ concentration value or a CO concentration value falls below a predeterminable limit concentration value and/or when a temperature value received by the receiver (34; 48; 66, 68) falls below or exceeds a predeterminable limit temperature and/or when a temperature value received by the receiver (34; 48; 66, 68). relative and/or absolute humidity value falls below or exceeds a predeterminable limit humidity value.

12. Air exchange device with a ventilation device according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the air exchange device (1) additionally has at least one electric supply air fan (10) to promote a supply air flow (15) from the outside into the interior of the building (23 ) has.

13. Air exchange device according to claim 12, characterized in that the control unit (33) is also connected to the supply air fan (10) and is designed so that the or a supply air fan (10) or the supply air fans (10) can be switched into at least one operating state with a predetermined rotation frequency as a function of control information received by the receiver or as a function of temperature and/or humidity values received by the receiver and/or of concentration values of gases, solids or suspended matter contained in the air, or are.

4. Air exchange device according to claim 13, characterized in that the or a supply air fan (10) or the supply air fans (10) are switched off by the control unit (33) from a switched off operating state or from a basic ventilation operating state with a low rotation frequency a power ventilation operating state can be switched with an increased rotation frequency if switch-on information is received by the receiver (34) or if a concentration value received by the receiver (34) is of a gas, solid or suspended matter contained in the air, in particular a C0 ₂ -Concentration value or a CO concentration value exceeds a predeterminable limit concentration value and/or if a temperature value received by the receiver (34) exceeds or falls below a predeterminable limit temperature and/or if a relative value received by the receiver (34) and /or absolute humidity value exceeds or falls below a predeterminable limit humidity value.

15. Air exchange device according to claim 14, characterized in that the or a supply air fan (10) or the supply air fans (10) can be switched or switched off from the power ventilation operating state back to the basic ventilation operating state by the control unit (33). or are when switch-off information is received from the receiver (34) or if a concentration value received by the receiver (34) of a gas, solid or suspended matter contained in the air, in particular a CO concentration value or a CO concentration value, falls below a predeterminable limit concentration value and/or if a temperature value received by the receiver (34). falls below or exceeds a predeterminable limit temperature and/or when a relative and/or absolute humidity value received by the receiver (34) falls below or exceeds a predeterminable limit humidity value. _'

16. Air exchange device according to one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that the air exchange device (1) further has a heat exchanger (2), the heating or cooling side of which is from the supply air flow (15) and the cooling or heating side of which is from the exhaust air flow (12) flows through, the heat exchanger (2), the exhaust air fan (6) and the supply air fan (10) being arranged in a housing (3).

17. Ventilation device for ventilating at least one room of a building with the following features: an electric exhaust air fan (6; 47, 50-52; 65) for promoting an exhaust air flow (12) from the inside to the outside of the building (23; 35; 53), at least one valve (67, 69-70) arranged in front of the exhaust air fan (6; 47, 50-52; 65) through which the exhaust air flow (12) flows, a receiver (34; 48; 66 , 68) to the reception of control information, in particular of open and close information and/or of temperature and/or humidity values and/or of concentration values of gases, solids or suspended matter contained in the air, in particular of C0 ₂ concentration or CO concentration values, at least one control unit (33) connected to the receiver (34; 48; 66, 68) and to the or a valve (67, 69-70) or to the valves (67, 69-70), which is designed in such a way that that the or a valve (67, 69-70) or the valves (67, 69-70) depending on control information received by the receiver or depending on temperature and / or humidity values and / or concentration values received by the receiver of gases, solids or suspended matter contained in the air can be switched into at least one valve position.

18. Venting device according to claim 17, characterized in that the valve or valves (67, 69-70) or the valves (67, 69-70) can be switched into an open or half-open valve position by the control unit (33). is or are when opening information is received by the receiver (34; 48; 66, 68) or when a concentration value of a gas, solid or solid contained in the air, received by the receiver (34; 48; 66, 68). Suspended matter, especially a C0 ₂ concentrate tion value or a CO concentration value exceeds a predeterminable limit concentration value and/or if a temperature value received by the receiver (34; 48; 66, 68) exceeds or falls below a predeterminable limit temperature and/or if a temperature value received by the receiver (34; 48; 66, 68) received relative and/or absolute humidity value exceeds or falls below a predeterminable limit humidity value.

19. Ventilation device according to claim 18, characterized in that the valve or valves (67, 69-70) or the valves (67, 69-70) can be switched into a closed or semi-closed valve position by the control unit,

- if closing information is received by the receiver (34; 48; 66, 68) or if a concentration value received by the receiver (34; 48; 66, 68) is of a gas, solid or suspended matter contained in the air, in particular a C0 ₂ concentration value or a CO concentration value falls below a predeterminable limit concentration value and/or if a temperature value received by the receiver (34; 48; 66, 68) falls below or exceeds a predeterminable limit temperature and/or if one of the Receiver (34; 48; 66, 68) received relative and / or absolute humidity value falls below or exceeds a predeterminable limit humidity value.

0. Ventilation and/or air exchange system for at least one room of a building with the following features: at least one sensor unit (25; 42; 60) according to one of claims 1 to 8, and

- at least one air exchange device (1) according to one of claims 9 to 16, or

- at least one ventilation device (47; 65) according to one of claims 17 to 19, and between the transmitter (32; 43; 61) and the receiver (34; 48; 66, 68) there is a radio connection for transmitting the measured values of the well-being sensor ( 28, 29; 46; 64) or the feel-good sensors (28, 29; 46; 64) and/or the measured values of the temperature sensor (30; 44; 62) and/or the measured values of the air humidity sensor (31; 45; 63) can be constructed or degradable.