WO2003039778A1 - Automatic bar-forming machine - Google Patents

Automatic bar-forming machine Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003039778A1
WO2003039778A1 PCT/FR2002/003785 FR0203785W WO03039778A1 WO 2003039778 A1 WO2003039778 A1 WO 2003039778A1 FR 0203785 W FR0203785 W FR 0203785W WO 03039778 A1 WO03039778 A1 WO 03039778A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
forming
bar
forming head
head
axis
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2002/003785
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Robert Vincent
Original Assignee
Vincent Industrie
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vincent Industrie filed Critical Vincent Industrie
Publication of WO2003039778A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003039778A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D7/00—Bending rods, profiles, or tubes
    • B21D7/12—Bending rods, profiles, or tubes with programme control

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an automatic machine for forming bars, the term "forming" here designating the operation which consists in carrying out by deformation, on an initially straight bar, elbows whose number, bending planes, radii of curvature and folding angles may vary. More particularly, this invention is concerned with the forming, in the sense specified above, of the ends of metal bars intended to take place in the notches of the stators and rotors of electric rotating machines and, even more particularly, the copper conductive bars of the high power alternator stators, constituting the stator windings of these alternators.
  • the windings are made from copper wires, assembled together in parallel so as to form long bars, of rectangular section.
  • a bar according to a particular known operating method, two half-bars are first produced by assembling copper wires, then the two half-bars are assembled together, being agglomerated with resins to finally form a single bar.
  • This agglomerate is only made in the rectilinear middle part of the bar, to allow it to be formed at its two ends without risk of destruction of the agglomerate formed of resins, which is then passed under hot press .
  • Each copper bar, thus assembled, is then bent at its two ends, at several points and in several planes, to obtain a final configuration of bar, which includes:
  • the bending tools used correspond to a predefined bar configuration; it does not adapt to changes in dimensions and folding patterns of the bars to be formed.
  • the aim of the present invention is to provide a machine for forming bars of the type concerned here, this machine making it possible to form bars quickly and automatically, the two ends of the bars being formed simultaneously and independently, with great precision and reproducibility of the forming, thus guaranteeing an irreproachable quality, the machine proposed also having great flexibility, in the sense that it adapts to a multiplicity of dimensions and folding schemes.
  • the subject of the invention is an automatic machine for forming bars, more particularly metal bars of solid or non-solid section, which must present, in their final state, bends in the regions of their two ends, while the intermediate region of these bars remains rectilinear, the machine essentially comprising, in combination:
  • An elongated main frame comprising, in its middle part, means for holding a bar to be formed, in a horizontal position parallel to the longitudinal direction of the frame;
  • a forming head chassis capable of describing a rotation about an axis parallel to the transverse direction of the main chassis and around a vertical axis;
  • each forming head mounted respectively on each forming head frame, and capable of being traversed each by one of the two end regions of a bar to be formed;
  • folding tools mounted on a support capable of describing a rotation about an axis parallel to the longitudinal direction of the main frame;
  • clamping means for holding the portion of bar to be formed passing through this forming head;
  • the invention provides a machine provided with two opposite forming heads, which respectively and independently produce the desired bends on the two end regions of the same bar, held by its intermediate part which will remain straight.
  • Each forming head is moved from the inside to the outside, following the bar, so as to successively produce the elbows of the corresponding end of the bar, the forming head being, for each elbow to be produced, positioned and automatically oriented appropriately.
  • the two forming heads being independent of each other, the positions and angles of the elbows formed at one end of the bar may be different from those of the other end. These two forming heads can also operate at different speeds from each other.
  • each forming head can be positioned along the three axes of Cartesian coordinates X, Y and Z of space, positioning motors being provided for displacements along these three coordinate axes.
  • the respective rotational movements of the forming heads and the support of the folding tools, around the same axes of coordinates X, Y and Z, make it possible to give any desired orientation to each forming head, and to the plane in which s 'performs each folding of a bar.
  • the means for holding a bar to be formed comprise, on the main chassis of the machine, on the one hand a fixed bracket, and on the other hand a movable bracket in the longitudinal direction of this main chassis, the two brackets being each equipped, at their top, with a bar clamping prince.
  • the machine is adaptable to forming bars whose total length, or at least the length of the intermediate part remaining straight, is variable, the fixed bracket serving as a reference position. Thanks to these arrangements, the right intermediate part of the bar remains fixed, during the whole process of forming this bar.
  • the folding tools are activated, to bend the bar in the desired folding plane, and according to the desired folding angle.
  • the clamping means carried by each forming head comprise, with reference to a basic position of said head, a vertical fixed jaw, a horizontal fixed jaw, a vertical movable jaw, a horizontal movable jaw, and motor means for moving and positioning the vertical movable jaw and the horizontal movable jaw, by controlling the clamping forces of these jaws.
  • the forming head is adaptable to the maintenance of bars to be formed of various sections in their shapes and in their dimensions.
  • the movable jaws are open, that is to say distant from the corresponding fixed jaws, not only for the initial positioning of the forming heads and for their removal from the finished bar, but also to allow each forming head to move from the point where an elbow is formed to the point where the next elbow will be formed.
  • the folding tools, mounted on each forming head, comprise in one embodiment of the invention: - an arm pivoting about a forming axis;
  • the folding shoe is positioned on the bar (against the side which will become the outside of the elbow), then the pivoting arm is actuated in such a way that the folding shoe pivots itself, around the pivot axis of said arm, and according to the desired folding angle.
  • the portion of the bar concerned is then "wrapped" around the counterform, which determines the bending radius.
  • the counterform consists of an inner counterform, with a smaller outer radius, and an outer counterform, with a larger outer radius, the outer counterform being mounted. transversely movable on the inner counterform to be able to either cover this inner counterform and thus become active itself, or be retracted laterally and thus allow the inner counterform to become active. Thanks to these provisions, it is possible to automatically select one or the other of two bending radii, for each bend to be formed on a bar, the choice being able to be made in advance when programming the machine. In the retracted position, the outer counter-form, by its end face, can serve as a lateral stop for a lateral face of the bar to be formed. It will be noted that, like the jaws, the folding tools are open after the completion of each bend, to allow the bending head to move freely, relative to the bar, to the point where the next bend will be formed.
  • the clamping means and the folding tools necessarily having linked positions, all of these elements are advantageously carried by the same toothed ring, rotatably mounted on the chassis of the corresponding forming head, motor means being provided for controlling the rotation and the angular positioning of said crown, relative to the chassis of the forming head, in particular by means of a toothed belt.
  • the angular positioning of the crown here defines the folding plane, for each bend to be formed.
  • each bar to be formed results from the assembly of two joined half-bars.
  • the half-bar which is on the side of the largest bending radius, that is to say on the outside tends to overlap the other half bar, that is to say the one on the outside.
  • a series of lateral holding fins pivotally mounted on a common axis coincident with the axis and deployable under the action of means to spring, as the folding tool rotates, means being provided to limit the angular strokes of the different fins to distinct and increasing values, from one fin to the other.
  • These latter means may consist of ramps, of different lengths, hollowed out of a common shaft on which are pivotally mounted all the fins, each fin having a finger engaged in the corresponding ramp.
  • the spring means, acting on the lateral retaining fins may be constituted by respective gas springs, each gas spring being mounted between a point on the corresponding fin and a "fixed" point, in particular linked to the toothed ring. supra.
  • the gas cylinders, or other equivalent spring means such as compression springs, push the various fins which then deploy "in a fan", by successively disengaging from each other, because the ramps limit the angular travel of the successive fins to different values.
  • the set of fins sufficiently numerous and close together, thus constitutes the equivalent of a side wall, which deploys as the bending proceeds, thus constituting (on the side opposite to an existing counterplate) an obstacle preventing the overlapping of the half-bars, or the undesirable widening of the bar to be formed.
  • These fins fold automatically against each other, against the action of the spring means, when the movable folding tool is returned to its starting position, after making an elbow.
  • Figure 1 is an overall perspective view of a machine according to the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view showing, in more detail, a main carriage of the machine with its secondary carriage, and the forming head mounted on these carriages;
  • Figure 3 is a perspective view of a forming head alone, with its various internal organs
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view of the same forming head;
  • Figure 5 is a front view of the forming head of Figure 3;
  • Figure 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of this forming head, showing in particular its folding tools;
  • Figure 7 is another front view of the same forming head, with partial section, some members occupying a different position;
  • Figure 8 is yet another front view of the forming head, on the side opposite to the previous ones;
  • Figure 9 is a sectional view similar to Figure 6, showing more schematically another position of the bending tools
  • Figure 10 is a partial perspective view of the forming head, showing more particularly the device with retaining fins;
  • Figure 11 is a sectional view of this fin device;
  • Figure 12 is a front view of the fin device, according to arrow F of Figure 11, with partial section;
  • Figure 13 is a partial plan view from above of this device.
  • Figure 14 shows in perspective, and in isolation, the shaft with ramps of the fin device
  • Figures 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20 are diagrams illustrating the forming of a bar end, on the machine of the invention, with successive execution of several bends;
  • Figure 21 is a perspective view of the end of the bar, formed according to the process of the previous diagrams.
  • the machine object of the invention has a main frame 2, of elongated shape, arranged horizontally.
  • the main frame 2 has, in its middle part, two brackets 3 and 4 which serve to maintain a bar to be formed 5.
  • the first bracket 3 is a fixed bracket, equipped at its top with a first clamp 6 for tightening of the bar to be formed 5.
  • the second bracket 4 is mounted movable in the longitudinal direction (also designated by "X") on the main frame 2, along horizontal guides 7 and 8, as indicated by a double arrow 9.
  • This bracket mobile 4 is equipped at its top with a second clamp 10 for tightening the bar to be formed 5.
  • both brackets 3 and 4 brought to an appropriate distance from each other, allow by their respective clamps 6 and 10 the maintenance in horizontal position of the intermediate region 5a of the bar to be formed 5, this intermediate region 5a in front here remain straight.
  • Both end regions 5b and 5c of the bar 5 are cantilevered, on either side of the two brackets 3 and 4. These two end regions 5b and 5c are to be formed, that is to say that is to say that they must undergo folding operations producing successive bends at several points along their length, by means of two forming heads 11 and 12, described in detail below.
  • each main carriage 13 or 14 in the form of a cross-member, can be moved horizontally in the longitudinal direction "X" of the main chassis 2, along two parallel horizontal guides or rails, common to these two carriages 13 and 14, one being merged with the aforementioned guide 7 of the movable bracket 4, and the other being an additional guide 1.
  • Double arrows 15 and 16 symbolize the respective movements of the two main carriages 13 and 14, controlled by electric motors not shown, with positioning control.
  • Each of the two secondary carriages 17 and 18 carries a support
  • a forming head chassis which itself comprises:
  • a second chassis element 28 pivotally mounted about a vertical axis 29 (of direction "Z") on the first chassis element 24, as symbolized by a double arrow 30, and actuated by another electric positioning motor 31 .
  • the second frame member 28 supports the active members of the corresponding forming head 11 or 12. Referring also to Figures 3 and following, which show in more detail one of the forming heads 11, these active members are carried by a ring gear 32, rotatably mounted on the frame member 28 about a longitudinal axis 33 (in direction "X"), as symbolized by a double arrow 34.
  • the ring gear 32 is rotated, about the axis 33, from an electric positioning motor (not visible in the drawing) and by through a ring gear. Referring more particularly to FIGS.
  • the rotary toothed ring 32 carries a clamping assembly, for maintaining the portion of the bar 5 to be formed.
  • the clamping assembly comprises a vertical fixed jaw 35, a horizontal fixed jaw 36, a vertical movable jaw 37 and a horizontal movable jaw 38.
  • the vertical jaw 37 in the form of a plate, is guided horizontally and displaceable by means of an electric positioning motor 39, by means of a toothed belt 40 and a mechanism of the screw-nut type.
  • the horizontal movable jaw 38 in the form of a bar, is guided vertically and displaceable by means of another electric positioning motor 41, by means of another toothed belt 42 and of another mechanism of the screw-nut type. .
  • the rotating ring gear 32 also carries the folding tools. These include, in particular, a folding arm 43, pivotally mounted around a forming axis 44, which is a horizontal axis (with reference to the basic position of the forming head) - see in particular Figures 6 and 9.
  • the pivoting folding arm 43 is actuated by means of a motorized device 45, which comprises an electric folding motor 46, carried by an elongated support 47 pivotally mounted around an axis 48, parallel to the axis of forming 44.
  • a motorized device 45 which comprises an electric folding motor 46, carried by an elongated support 47 pivotally mounted around an axis 48, parallel to the axis of forming 44.
  • the motor 46 moves in translation a slide 50, guided along a slide 51 secured to the support 47.
  • the slide 50 is itself articulated, by pins 50a, on a yoke 52 secured to the folding arm 43.
  • the folding arm 43 in the shape of an "L" (seen in profile), carries on its largest branch a longitudinal guide 53 for a carriage 54, movable by means of an electric positioning motor 55.
  • This motor 55 is coupled , by means of a toothed belt 56, to a mechanism of the screw-nut type 57, the nut of which is linked to the carriage 54.
  • the carriage 54 movable and positionable in the longitudinal direction of the folding arm 43, serves as a transverse sliding guide for a folding shoe 58.
  • a jack acts on the folding shoe 58, to urge it in the transverse sliding direction.
  • the folding shoe 58 is provided to cooperate with a counterform, centered on the forming axis 44. It is here a double counterform, composed of an inner counterform 59, of smaller external radius, and of an external counterform 60, of larger external radius, for example of a radius equal to twice that of the internal counterform 59 - see in particular Figures 6 and 9.
  • the counter outer shape 60 is movable in translation, in the direction of the forming axis 44, on the inner counter-form 59, this by means of a pneumatic cylinder 61 (FIGS. 5 and 6), which makes this counter-form exterior 60 retractable laterally.
  • Each forming head 11 and 12 finally comprises a device with lateral holding fins, generally designated by the reference 62, and shown more particularly in FIGS. 10 to 14.
  • the device 62 located on the side of the vertical fixed jaw 35, comprises a series of fins 63, pivotally mounted on a common axis coinciding with the forming axis 44.
  • Each fin 63 has a hub 64, mounted to rotate around a common shaft 65 coaxial with the forming axis 44.
  • the shaft 65 has a series of ramps 66, in an arc of a circle, hollowed out next to each other and having distinct lengths, gradually increasing.
  • the hubs 64 of the different fins 63 each have a radial finger 67 engaged in one of the ramps 66, which axially positions the fins 63 while limiting their respective angular strokes to distinct and progressively increasing values, of a fin 63 to the next.
  • the device 62 also comprises a series of gas springs 68, the same number as the fins 63 of this device, and each associated with one of the fins 63.
  • Each gas spring 68 is mounted between a hinge point 69, linked to the corresponding fin 63, and a "fixed" hinge point 70, linked to a common support 71 secured to the crown 32.
  • the various gas springs 68 act on the corresponding fins 63 in the direction of their deployment, which is carried out "in a fan".
  • all the motors, or equivalent actuators such as jacks, of the machine work with positioning and / or torque control, in particular when approaching the final positions.
  • the motors 39 and 41 which move the movable jaws 37 and 38, and the motor 55 which positions the folding shoe 58 work first in positioning and then, when approaching the final position of the displaced member , work in torque, until the programmed tightening torque is obtained.
  • the overall operation of the machine is established as follows: At rest, the two main carriages 13 and 14 are placed in the release position, towards the ends of the main chassis 2, the spacing of these two carriages 13 and 14 being related to the length of the bar to be formed 5.
  • the two forming heads 11 and 12, carried respectively by the two carriages, are in the basic position.
  • the movable jib 4 is in the loading standby position, at a programmed distance from the fixed jib 3, which serves as a reference.
  • the respective clamps 6 and 10 of the two brackets 3 and 4 are open.
  • the forming bar 5, still straight, is placed in the respective clamps 6 and 10 of the two brackets 3 and 4, by an operator or by an automatic loading device.
  • the two clamps 3 and 4 are then closed, to maintain the bar 5 in a horizontal position, parallel to the longitudinal direction "X" of the main chassis 2.
  • the two forming heads 11 and 12 are brought closer to the two brackets 3 and 4, by displacement of the main carriages 13 and 14, so as to engage, respectively, on the two end regions 5b and 5c of the bar 5.
  • the forming of the two end regions 5b and 5c of the bar 5, by means of the two forming heads 11 and 12, can begin. It consists in making, on the end regions 5b and 5c of the bar 5, successive elbows separated from each other by predetermined distances, each elbow having a bending plane and an angle of its own folding.
  • the forming head 11 or 12 is positioned in the three orthogonal directions "X", "Y” and “Z”, by longitudinal movement of the main carriage 13 or 14, transverse movement of the secondary carriage 17 or 18, and vertical displacement of the corresponding support 22.
  • each forming head 11 or 12 (and / or its tools) is oriented around the three axes 25, 29 and 33.
  • the two forming heads 11 and 12 being independent of each other, it is possible to form different bends in the two end regions 5a and 5b of the bar 5, or to operate the two forming heads 11 and 12 at different speeds from each other, these two forming heads 11 and 12 working simultaneously.
  • the forming head 11 or 12 having been positioned and suitably oriented at the point of the bar 5 (passing through this forming head) where the elbow is to be formed, the vertical 37 and horizontal 38 movable jaws are actuated by the respective motors 39 and 41 , to ensure the clamping of the bar 5. It will be noted that, for a bar 5 of rectangular section, the tightening thereof by the four jaws 35 to 38 can be carried out in a "flat” position or in a position "on the field", separated from each other by a 90 ° rotation.
  • the external counterform 60 has been either placed in the active position, or retracted laterally, depending on whether the elbow to be formed must be produced with the bending radius of the external counterform 60, or with the smaller bending radius of the inner counterform 59.
  • the end face of this counterform 60 serves as a lateral stop, for one of the lateral faces of the bar to be formed 5.
  • the folding arm 43 being initially raised (see FIG. 9), the folding shoe 58 is lowered by means of a motor 55 until it comes into abutment on the bar 5, this folding shoe 58 being further held in thrust by the associated cylinder. Then, the motor 46 is actuated, so as to move the slide 50 and thus to pivot the bending arm 43, with its shoe 58, around the forming axis 44.
  • the folding shoe 58 pressed on the bar 5, "wraps" this bar 5 around the counter-form 59 or 60 chosen as active counter-form, which forms the desired elbow, the pivot angle of the arm of bending 43 around the axis 44 determining the angle of folding of the bar 5 - see FIG. 6.
  • the retaining fins 63 pushed by the respective gas springs 68, pivot around the forming axis 44, these fins 63 being released by the pivoting movement of the base of the bending arm 43.
  • the fins 63 disengage from each other, and open "fan-shaped", taking into account the fact that the ramps 66, of different lengths, form (in cooperation with the fingers 67) stops which limit the angular strokes of the fins 63 to distinct values, and progressively increasing - see FIGS. 6, 10 and 11.
  • the fins 63 somehow achieve the equivalent of a wall, located opposite the vertical movable jaw 37 in the form of plate, this wall ensuring lateral support for the bar 5. Thanks to the lateral support device 62, the overlapping of the half-bars is avoided, in the case of a bar 5 formed by the union of two adjoining half-bars.
  • the movable jaws 37 and 38 are moved in the direction of their opening, and the folding shoe 58 is released from the bar 5, so that the forming head 11 or 12 is no longer clamped on the bar 5.
  • the forming head 11 or 12 is moved outward, "following" the bar 5, to be brought to another point of this bar 5 where the next bend must be formed.
  • the displacement of the forming head 11 or 12 is carried out by combining the different possible movements of translation and / or rotation, on the one hand to follow the bar 5 taking into account the orientation of its already folded part, without risk collision with it, and secondly to position the bending tools in correspondence with the bending plane of the next bend.
  • FIG. 15 the forming head 11 is engaged around the end portion 5b of the bar 5, still completely straight, maintained by the clamps of the two brackets (only part of the bracket 4, and its clamp 10, being visible here). The forming head 11 is thus brought to the point where a first bend is to be formed, the bar 5 is clamped in position "on the field".
  • the first bend 72 is formed, in the desired plane, by the pivoting movement of the folding shoe 58 - see FIG. 16.
  • the forming head 11 is released from the bar 5, and moved along the latter, in the direction of its end, to the point where a second bend is to be formed. After a new clamping at this point, the second elbow 73 is formed, by the pivoting movement of the folding shoe 58 - see FIG. 18.
  • the forming head 11 is oriented, between the formation of the first bend 72 and the formation of the second bend 73, so that this second bend 73 is formed in the same bending plane as the first bend 72, but with folding of the bar 5 in the opposite direction.
  • the forming head 11 is moved, still in the direction of the end of the bar 5, towards the point where a third bend is to be formed.
  • the forming head 11 is oriented so that the bar 5 is clamped in the "flat" position (see FIG. 19), and the folding shoe 58 is moved so as to form the third bend 74 in an orthogonal folding plane to the bending planes of the previous elbows 72 and 73 (see FIG. 20).
  • a bar 5 is obtained with an end region 5b which has three successive bends 72, 73 and 74, as shown in FIG. 21.
  • the two clamps 6 and 10 are open and the bar 5, thus being fully released, can be removed manually or by an unloading device.
  • the machine is then ready for the forming of a new bar 5, to be formed identically or not to the previous bar.
  • the machine, the structure and operation of which have just been described, is more particularly applicable to the forming of the ends of metal bars intended to take place in the notches of the stators and rotors of electric rotating machines. Even more particularly, this machine applies to the forming of copper conductor bars of high power alternator stators.
  • bars may have a rectangular, square or other section, the jaws of the two forming heads being, optionally, provided interchangeable and adapted to particular bar sections.
  • the bars to be formed are in particular solid section bars, resulting either from a one-piece structure, or from the assembly of several parts or of multiple wires (reconstituted solid section).
  • these bars can be partially hollow, or have other peculiarities of their section, which is for example the case of bars provided with an internal cooling channel.

Abstract

The invention relates to a machine for the automatic forming of bars (5) which must be bent in the area (5b, 5c) close to the two ends thereof. According to the invention, a main frame (2) comprises: two brackets (3, 4) which are disposed on either side of said frame and which are used to support the bar to be formed (5); and two adjustable bending heads (11, 12) which can be moved and positioned longitudinally, transversely and vertically. The end parts (5a, 5b) of the bar to be formed (5) pass through each forming head (11, 12). Moreover, each forming head (11, 12) is provided with jaws, which are used to clamp the portion of bar passing through said head, and bending tools. The two aforementioned forming heads (11, 12) are moved from inside outwards in order to form successive bends. The inventive machine is particularly suitable for forming conducting bars (5) for high-power alternator stators.

Description

Machine automatique pour le formage de barres Automatic bar forming machine
La présente invention concerne une machine automatique pour le formage de barres, le terme "formage" désignant ici l'opération qui consiste à réaliser par déformation, sur une barre initialement rectiligne, des coudes dont le nombre, les plans de pliage, les rayons de courbure et les angles de pliage peuvent varier. Plus particulièrement, cette invention s'intéresse au formage, au sens précisé ci-dessus, des extrémités de barres métalliques prévues pour prendre place dans les encoches des stators et rotors de machines tournantes électriques et, encore plus particulièrement, les barres conductrices en cuivre des stators d'alternateurs de forte puissance, constituant les enroulements statoriques de ces alternateurs.The present invention relates to an automatic machine for forming bars, the term "forming" here designating the operation which consists in carrying out by deformation, on an initially straight bar, elbows whose number, bending planes, radii of curvature and folding angles may vary. More particularly, this invention is concerned with the forming, in the sense specified above, of the ends of metal bars intended to take place in the notches of the stators and rotors of electric rotating machines and, even more particularly, the copper conductive bars of the high power alternator stators, constituting the stator windings of these alternators.
Dans la fabrication des stators d'alternateurs de grandes dimensions, tels que ceux équipant les centrales hydrauliques de production d'électricité, les bobinages sont fabriqués à partir de fils de cuivre, assemblés entre eux parallèlement de façon à former des barres de grande longueur, de section rectangulaire. Pour former une barre, selon un mode opératoire connu particulier, on réalise d'abord deux demi-barres par assemblages de fils de cuivre, puis les deux demi-barres sont assemblées l'une à l'autre, en étant agglomérées avec des résines pour ne former finalement qu'une seule barre. Cet agglomérat n'est fait que dans la partie médiane rectiligne de la barre, pour permettre à celle-ci d'être formée à ses deux extrémités sans risque de destruction de l'agglomérat formé de résines, qui est passé ensuite sous presse à chaud. Chaque barre de cuivre, ainsi assemblée, est ensuite coudée à ses deux extrémités, en plusieurs points et dans plusieurs plans, pour obtenir une configuration de barre définitive, qui comprend :In the manufacture of large-size alternator stators, such as those equipping hydraulic power plants for producing electricity, the windings are made from copper wires, assembled together in parallel so as to form long bars, of rectangular section. To form a bar, according to a particular known operating method, two half-bars are first produced by assembling copper wires, then the two half-bars are assembled together, being agglomerated with resins to finally form a single bar. This agglomerate is only made in the rectilinear middle part of the bar, to allow it to be formed at its two ends without risk of destruction of the agglomerate formed of resins, which is then passed under hot press . Each copper bar, thus assembled, is then bent at its two ends, at several points and in several planes, to obtain a final configuration of bar, which includes:
- une partie intermédiaire restant droite, qui prendra place dans une encoche du stator de la machine tournante, en particulier d'un alternateur ;- An intermediate part remaining straight, which will take place in a notch of the stator of the rotary machine, in particular of an alternator;
- deux extrémités coudées, avec coudes multiples, qui resteront à l'extérieur de l'encoche correspondante du stator, et qui pourront ainsi être assemblées par exemple par brasage aux extrémités d'autres barres analogues, pour constituer les enroulements statoriques. Les caractéristiques géométriques des extrémités coudées des barres sont à adapter aux données fournies par les constructeurs des machines tournantes électriques, chaque machine tournante pouvant être différente des autres, ce qui peut rendre nécessaire des pliages différents. En l'état actuel de la technique, l'opération de formage de ce genre de barres est en général encore réalisée manuellement, à l'aide d'outillages de cintrage. Ce mode opératoire conserve des inconvénients importants :- two bent ends, with multiple bends, which will remain outside the corresponding notch of the stator, and which can thus be assembled for example by brazing at the ends of other similar bars, to form the stator windings. The geometrical characteristics of the bent ends of the bars are to be adapted to the data supplied by the manufacturers of the electric rotary machines, each rotary machine being able to be different from the others, which can make it necessary to fold different. In the current state of the art, the forming operation of this kind of bars is generally still carried out manually, using bending tools. This procedure retains significant drawbacks:
- L'opération de formage reste en soi longue, donc coûteuse en main-d'œuvre, cet inconvénient étant aggravé par le fait qu'il faut former la barre d'abord à une extrémité, puis à son autre extrémité.- The forming operation remains long in itself, therefore costly in terms of labor, this drawback being aggravated by the fact that the bar must be formed first at one end, then at its other end.
- Cette opération de formage reste imprécise, et la reproductibilité des résultats n'est pas garantie, ce qui affaiblit la qualité du formage réalisé, et peut avoir des répercussions sur le rendement de la machine tournante électrique.- This forming operation remains imprecise, and the reproducibility of the results is not guaranteed, which weakens the quality of the forming carried out, and can have repercussions on the performance of the electric rotating machine.
- L'outillage de cintrage utilisé correspond à une configuration de barre prédéfinie ; il ne s'adapte pas aux changements de dimensions et de schémas de pliage des barres à former.- The bending tools used correspond to a predefined bar configuration; it does not adapt to changes in dimensions and folding patterns of the bars to be formed.
Certes, l'on connaît déjà des machines automatiques de cintrage, permettant de cintrer simultanément les deux extrémités opposées, ou du moins les deux moitiés, de produits allongés, tels que des tubes ou des fils métalliques. A titre d'exemples de cet état de la technique, on peut citer les documents EP 0263607, EP 0281488, US 4604885, US 4945747 et US 5566565. De telles machines ne sont toutefois pas adaptées au formage de barres métalliques possédant une section pleine et de dimensions relativement importantes. De plus, les machines actuelles de ce genre reposent sur le principe d'un déplacement, en translation et/ou rotation, de l'élément à cintrer ou former, tel que tube.Admittedly, automatic bending machines are already known, making it possible to simultaneously bend the two opposite ends, or at least the two halves, of elongated products, such as tubes or metal wires. By way of examples of this state of the art, mention may be made of the documents EP 0263607, EP 0281488, US 4604885, US 4945747 and US 5566565. However, such machines are not suitable for forming metal bars having a solid section and of relatively large dimensions. In addition, current machines of this kind are based on the principle of displacement, in translation and / or rotation, of the element to be bent or formed, such as a tube.
Au vu de la situation actuelle, la présente invention a pour but de fournir une machine pour le formage de barres du genre ici concerné, cette machine permettant de former les barres d'une manière rapide et automatique, les deux extrémités des barres étant formées simultanément et indépendamment, avec une grande précision et reproductibilité du formage, donc en garantissant une qualité irréprochable, la machine proposée possédant en outre une grande flexibilité, en ce sens qu'elle s'adapte à une multiplicité de dimensions et de schémas de pliage. A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet une machine automatique pour le formage de barres, plus particulièrement de barres métalliques de section pleine ou non devant présenter, dans leur état final, des coudes dans les régions de leurs deux extrémités, tandis que la région intermédiaire de ces barres reste rectiligne, la machine comprenant essentiellement, en combinaison :In view of the current situation, the aim of the present invention is to provide a machine for forming bars of the type concerned here, this machine making it possible to form bars quickly and automatically, the two ends of the bars being formed simultaneously and independently, with great precision and reproducibility of the forming, thus guaranteeing an irreproachable quality, the machine proposed also having great flexibility, in the sense that it adapts to a multiplicity of dimensions and folding schemes. To this end, the subject of the invention is an automatic machine for forming bars, more particularly metal bars of solid or non-solid section, which must present, in their final state, bends in the regions of their two ends, while the intermediate region of these bars remains rectilinear, the machine essentially comprising, in combination:
- un châssis principal allongé comportant, dans sa partie médiane, des moyens pour le maintien d'une barre à former, dans une position horizontale parallèle à la direction longitudinale du châssis ;- An elongated main frame comprising, in its middle part, means for holding a bar to be formed, in a horizontal position parallel to the longitudinal direction of the frame;
- de part et d'autre des moyens de maintien de la barre à former, deux chariots principaux déplaçables suivant la direction longitudinale du châssis principal ;- on either side of the means for holding the bar to be formed, two main carriages movable in the longitudinal direction of the main chassis;
- sur chaque chariot principal, un chariot secondaire déplaçable suivant la direction transversale du châssis principal ;- On each main carriage, a secondary carriage movable in the transverse direction of the main chassis;
- sur chaque chariot secondaire, un support mobile verticalement ;- on each secondary carriage, a vertically movable support;
- monté sur ce support mobile verticalement, un châssis de tête de formage apte à décrire une rotation autour d'un axe parallèle à la direction transversale du châssis principal et autour d'un axe vertical ;- Mounted on this vertically movable support, a forming head chassis capable of describing a rotation about an axis parallel to the transverse direction of the main chassis and around a vertical axis;
- deux têtes de formage, montées respectivement sur chaque châssis de tête de formage, et aptes à être traversées chacune par l'une des deux régions d'extrémité d'une barre à former ; - sur chaque tête de formage, des outils de pliage montés sur un support apte à décrire une rotation autour d'un axe parallèle à la direction longitudinale du châssis principal ;- two forming heads, mounted respectively on each forming head frame, and capable of being traversed each by one of the two end regions of a bar to be formed; - On each forming head, folding tools mounted on a support capable of describing a rotation about an axis parallel to the longitudinal direction of the main frame;
- également sur chaque tête de formage, des moyens de bridage pour le maintien de la portion de barre à former traversant cette tête de formage ;- Also on each forming head, clamping means for holding the portion of bar to be formed passing through this forming head;
- des moyens moteurs pour déplacer en translation et positionner les deux chariots principaux, les deux chariots secondaires et les supports mobiles verticalement, ainsi que pour déplacer en rotation et positionner angulairement chaque châssis de tête de formage et le support des outils de pliage de cette tête ; et - sur chacune des deux têtes de formage, d'autres moyens moteurs pour actionner les moyens de bridage et les outils de pliage, les deux têtes de formage étant prévues pour réaliser des coudes successifs sur les régions d'extrémité correspondantes de la barre à former, chaque tête de formage étant à cet effet déplacée de l'intérieur vers l'extérieur de la machine, en suivant la barre en cours de formage.- motor means for moving in translation and positioning the two main carriages, the two secondary carriages and the vertically movable supports, as well as for moving in rotation and angularly positioning each frame of the forming head and the support for the tools for folding this head ; and - on each of the two forming heads, other motor means for actuating the clamping means and the folding tools, the two forming heads being provided for making successive bends on the corresponding end regions of the bar to be formed , each forming head being for this purpose moved from the inside to the outside of the machine, following the bar being formed.
Ainsi, l'invention propose une machine pourvue de deux têtes de formage opposées, qui réalisent respectivement et indépendamment les coudes désirés sur les deux régions d'extrémité d'une même barre, maintenue par sa partie intermédiaire qui restera droite. Chaque tête de formage est déplacée de l'intérieur vers l'extérieur, en suivant la barre, de manière à réaliser successivement les coudes de l'extrémité correspondante de la barre, la tête de formage étant, pour chaque coude à réaliser, positionnée et orientée automatiquement de façon adaptée. Les deux têtes de formage étant indépendantes l'une de l'autre, les positions et angles des coudes formés à une extrémité de la barre peuvent être différents de ceux de l'autre extrémité. Ces deux têtes de formage peuvent aussi fonctionner à des vitesses différentes l'une de l'autre. Compte tenu des mouvements de translation des chariots principaux, des chariots secondaires, et des supports recevant les châssis des têtes de formage, chaque tête de formage peut être positionnée selon les trois axes de coordonnées cartésiennes X, Y et Z de l'espace, des moteurs de positionnement étant prévus pour les déplacements suivant ces trois axes de coordonnées. De plus, les mouvements de rotation respectifs des têtes de formage et du support des outils de pliage, autour des mêmes axes de coordonnées X, Y et Z, permettent de donner toute orientation désirée à chaque tête de formage, et au plan dans lequel s'effectue chaque pliage d'une barre. Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, les moyens de maintien d'une barre à former comprennent, sur le châssis principal de la machine, d'une part une potence fixe, et d'autre part une potence mobile suivant la direction longitudinale de ce châssis principal, les deux potences étant équipés chacune, à leur sommet, d'une prince de serrage de la barre. Ainsi, la machine est adaptable à des barres à former dont la longueur totale, ou du moins la longueur de la partie intermédiaire restant droite, est variable, la potence fixe servant de position de référence. Grâce à ces dispositions, la partie intermédiaire droite de la barre reste fixe, pendant tout le processus de formage de cette barre.Thus, the invention provides a machine provided with two opposite forming heads, which respectively and independently produce the desired bends on the two end regions of the same bar, held by its intermediate part which will remain straight. Each forming head is moved from the inside to the outside, following the bar, so as to successively produce the elbows of the corresponding end of the bar, the forming head being, for each elbow to be produced, positioned and automatically oriented appropriately. The two forming heads being independent of each other, the positions and angles of the elbows formed at one end of the bar may be different from those of the other end. These two forming heads can also operate at different speeds from each other. Given the translational movements of the main carriages, the secondary carriages, and the supports receiving the chassis of the forming heads, each forming head can be positioned along the three axes of Cartesian coordinates X, Y and Z of space, positioning motors being provided for displacements along these three coordinate axes. In addition, the respective rotational movements of the forming heads and the support of the folding tools, around the same axes of coordinates X, Y and Z, make it possible to give any desired orientation to each forming head, and to the plane in which s 'performs each folding of a bar. According to one embodiment of the invention, the means for holding a bar to be formed comprise, on the main chassis of the machine, on the one hand a fixed bracket, and on the other hand a movable bracket in the longitudinal direction of this main chassis, the two brackets being each equipped, at their top, with a bar clamping prince. Thus, the machine is adaptable to forming bars whose total length, or at least the length of the intermediate part remaining straight, is variable, the fixed bracket serving as a reference position. Thanks to these arrangements, the right intermediate part of the bar remains fixed, during the whole process of forming this bar.
Pour chaque coude à former à l'aide de l'une des têtes de formage, préalablement positionnée au point où le coude doit être formé, il est prévu que :For each elbow to be formed using one of the forming heads, previously positioned at the point where the elbow is to be formed, it is provided that:
- tout d'abord, les moyens de bridage portés par la tête de formage sont serrés sur la barre ;- First of all, the clamping means carried by the forming head are tightened on the bar;
- ensuite, les outils de pliage sont actionnés, pour couder la barre dans le plan de pliage désiré, et selon l'angle de pliage voulu.- Then, the folding tools are activated, to bend the bar in the desired folding plane, and according to the desired folding angle.
Selon un mode d'exécution de l'invention, les moyens de bridage portés par chaque tête de formage comprennent, par référence à une position de base de ladite tête, un mors fixe vertical, un mors fixe horizontal, un mors mobile vertical, un mors mobile horizontal, et des moyens moteurs pour déplacer et positionner le mors mobile vertical et le mors mobile horizontal, en contrôlant les efforts de serrage de ces mors. Ainsi, la tête de formage est adaptable au maintien de barres à former de sections diverses dans leurs formes et dans leurs dimensions. Les mors mobiles sont ouverts, c'est-à-dire éloignés des mors fixes correspondants, non seulement pour la mise en place initiale des têtes de formage et pour leur retrait de la barre finie, mais aussi pour permettre à chaque tête de formage de se déplacer du point où est formé un coude au point où sera formé le coude suivant.According to one embodiment of the invention, the clamping means carried by each forming head comprise, with reference to a basic position of said head, a vertical fixed jaw, a horizontal fixed jaw, a vertical movable jaw, a horizontal movable jaw, and motor means for moving and positioning the vertical movable jaw and the horizontal movable jaw, by controlling the clamping forces of these jaws. Thus, the forming head is adaptable to the maintenance of bars to be formed of various sections in their shapes and in their dimensions. The movable jaws are open, that is to say distant from the corresponding fixed jaws, not only for the initial positioning of the forming heads and for their removal from the finished bar, but also to allow each forming head to move from the point where an elbow is formed to the point where the next elbow will be formed.
Les outils de pliage, montés sur chaque tête de formage, comprennent dans un mode de réalisation de l'invention : - un bras pivotant autour d'un axe de formage ;The folding tools, mounted on each forming head, comprise in one embodiment of the invention: - an arm pivoting about a forming axis;
- un sabot de pliage monté mobile et positionnable sur le bras pivotant, en direction longitudinale et transversale de ce bras ;- a folding shoe mounted mobile and positionable on the pivoting arm, in the longitudinal and transverse direction of this arm;
- des moyens moteurs de commande de la rotation dudit bras autour de son axe de pivotement ; et - une contre-forme de profil arrondi, centré sur l'axe de formage précité.- motor means for controlling the rotation of said arm about its pivot axis; and - a rounded profile counter-form, centered on the abovementioned forming axis.
Pour former un coude, sur une portion de barre préalablement bridée entre les mors fixes et mobiles, le sabot de pliage est positionné sur la barre (contre le côté qui deviendra l'extérieur du coude), puis le bras pivotant est actionné de telle sorte que le sabot de pliage pivote lui-même, autour de l'axe de pivotement dudit bras, et selon l'angle de pliage désiré. La portion de barre concernée est alors "enroulée" autour de la contre-forme, laquelle détermine le rayon de cintrage.To form an elbow, on a portion of bar previously clamped between the fixed and movable jaws, the folding shoe is positioned on the bar (against the side which will become the outside of the elbow), then the pivoting arm is actuated in such a way that the folding shoe pivots itself, around the pivot axis of said arm, and according to the desired folding angle. The portion of the bar concerned is then "wrapped" around the counterform, which determines the bending radius.
Selon un mode d'exécution particulier, la contre-forme se compose d'une contre-forme intérieure, de plus petit rayon extérieur, et d'une contre- forme extérieure, de plus grand rayon extérieur, la contre-forme extérieure étant montée mobile transversalement sur la contre-forme intérieure pour pouvoir soit recouvrir cette contre-forme intérieure et devenir ainsi elle-même active, soit être escamotée latéralement et permettre ainsi à la contre-forme intérieure de devenir active. Grâce à ces dispositions, il est possible de sélectionner automatiquement l'un ou l'autre de deux rayons de cintrage, pour chaque coude à former sur une barre, le choix pouvant être fait à l'avance lors de la programmation de la machine. En position escamotée, la contre-forme extérieure, par sa face terminale, peut servir de butée latérale pour une face latérale de la barre à former. On notera que, comme les mors, les outils de pliage sont ouverts après la réalisation de chaque coude, pour permettre à la tête de cintrage de se déplacer librement, relativement à la barre, jusqu'au point où sera formé le coude suivant.According to a particular embodiment, the counterform consists of an inner counterform, with a smaller outer radius, and an outer counterform, with a larger outer radius, the outer counterform being mounted. transversely movable on the inner counterform to be able to either cover this inner counterform and thus become active itself, or be retracted laterally and thus allow the inner counterform to become active. Thanks to these provisions, it is possible to automatically select one or the other of two bending radii, for each bend to be formed on a bar, the choice being able to be made in advance when programming the machine. In the retracted position, the outer counter-form, by its end face, can serve as a lateral stop for a lateral face of the bar to be formed. It will be noted that, like the jaws, the folding tools are open after the completion of each bend, to allow the bending head to move freely, relative to the bar, to the point where the next bend will be formed.
Les moyens de bridage et les outils de pliage possédant nécessairement des positions liées, tous ces éléments sont avantageusement portés par une même couronne dentée, montée tournante sur le châssis de la tête de formage correspondante, des moyens moteurs étant prévus pour commander la rotation et le positionnement angulaire de ladite couronne, relativement au châssis de la tête de formage, notamment par l'intermédiaire d'une courroie crantée. Le positionnement angulaire de la couronne définit ici le plan de pliage, pour chaque coude à former.The clamping means and the folding tools necessarily having linked positions, all of these elements are advantageously carried by the same toothed ring, rotatably mounted on the chassis of the corresponding forming head, motor means being provided for controlling the rotation and the angular positioning of said crown, relative to the chassis of the forming head, in particular by means of a toothed belt. The angular positioning of the crown here defines the folding plane, for each bend to be formed.
Comme indiqué plus haut, dans l'application préférentielle de la machine selon l'invention, chaque barre à former résulte de l'assemblage de deux demi-barres accolées. Il en résulte que, lors de la formation d'un coude, la demi-barre qui se trouve du côté du plus grand rayon de cintrage, c'est-à- dire du côté extérieur, a tendance à chevaucher l'autre demi-barre, c'est-à-dire celle qui se trouve du côté extérieur. Pour éviter ce phénomène de chevauchement des barres, ou tout effet analogue de déformation transversale indésirable, il est encore avantageusement prévu, sur chaque tête de formage, une série d'ailettes de maintien latéral, montées pivotantes sur un axe commun confondu avec l'axe de formage et déployables sous l'action de moyens à ressort, au fur et à mesure de la rotation de l'outil de pliage, des moyens étant prévus pour limiter les courses angulaires des différentes ailettes à des valeurs distinctes et croissantes, d'une ailette à l'autre. Ces derniers moyens peut être constitués par des rampes, de longueurs distinctes, creusées dans un arbre commun sur lequel sont montées pivotantes toutes les ailettes, chaque ailette possédant un doigt engagé dans la rampe correspondante. Les moyens à ressort, agissant sur les ailettes de maintien latéral, peuvent être constitués par des ressorts à gaz respectifs, chaque ressort à gaz étant monté entre un point de l'ailette correspondante et un point "fixe", notamment lié à la couronne dentée précitée.As indicated above, in the preferred application of the machine according to the invention, each bar to be formed results from the assembly of two joined half-bars. As a result, when forming a bend, the half-bar which is on the side of the largest bending radius, that is to say on the outside, tends to overlap the other half bar, that is to say the one on the outside. To avoid this phenomenon of overlapping of the bars, or any similar effect of undesirable transverse deformation, there is still advantageously provided, on each forming head, a series of lateral holding fins, pivotally mounted on a common axis coincident with the axis and deployable under the action of means to spring, as the folding tool rotates, means being provided to limit the angular strokes of the different fins to distinct and increasing values, from one fin to the other. These latter means may consist of ramps, of different lengths, hollowed out of a common shaft on which are pivotally mounted all the fins, each fin having a finger engaged in the corresponding ramp. The spring means, acting on the lateral retaining fins, may be constituted by respective gas springs, each gas spring being mounted between a point on the corresponding fin and a "fixed" point, in particular linked to the toothed ring. supra.
Ainsi, au fur et à mesure que l'outil de plage mobile pivote pour former un coude, les vérins à gaz, ou autres moyens à ressort équivalents tels que ressorts de compression, poussent les différentes ailettes qui se déploient alors "en éventail", en se dégageant successivement les unes des autres, du fait que les rampes limitent à des valeurs différentes les courses angulaires des ailettes successives. L'ensemble des ailettes, suffisamment nombreuses et rapprochées les unes des autres, constitue ainsi l'équivalent d'une paroi latérale, qui se déploie au fur et à mesure du cintrage, constituant ainsi (du côté opposé à une contre-plaque existante) un obstacle empêchant le chevauchement des demi-barres, ou l'élargissement indésirable de la barre à former. Ces ailettes se replient automatiquement les unes contre les autres, à encontre de l'action des moyens à ressort, lorsque l'outil de pliage mobile est ramené dans sa position de départ, après réalisation d'un coude.Thus, as the mobile range tool pivots to form an elbow, the gas cylinders, or other equivalent spring means such as compression springs, push the various fins which then deploy "in a fan", by successively disengaging from each other, because the ramps limit the angular travel of the successive fins to different values. The set of fins, sufficiently numerous and close together, thus constitutes the equivalent of a side wall, which deploys as the bending proceeds, thus constituting (on the side opposite to an existing counterplate) an obstacle preventing the overlapping of the half-bars, or the undesirable widening of the bar to be formed. These fins fold automatically against each other, against the action of the spring means, when the movable folding tool is returned to its starting position, after making an elbow.
L'invention sera mieux comprise à l'aide de la description qui suit, en référence au dessin schématique annexé représentant, à titre d'exemple, une forme d'exécution de cette machine pour le formage de barres :The invention will be better understood with the aid of the following description, with reference to the appended schematic drawing representing, by way of example, an embodiment of this machine for forming bars:
Figure 1 est une vue d'ensemble, en perspective, d'une machine conforme à la présente invention ;Figure 1 is an overall perspective view of a machine according to the present invention;
Figure 2 est une vue en perspective montrant, plus en détail, un chariot principal de la machine avec son chariot secondaire, et la tête de formage montée sur ces chariots ;Figure 2 is a perspective view showing, in more detail, a main carriage of the machine with its secondary carriage, and the forming head mounted on these carriages;
Figure 3 est une vue en perspective d'une tête de formage seule, avec ses différents organes internes ;Figure 3 is a perspective view of a forming head alone, with its various internal organs;
Figure 4 est une vue en perspective de la même tête de formage ; Figure 5 est une vue de face de la tête de formage de figure 3 ; Figure 6 est une vue en coupe longitudinale de cette tête de formage, montrant en particulier ses outils de pliage ;Figure 4 is a perspective view of the same forming head; Figure 5 is a front view of the forming head of Figure 3; Figure 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of this forming head, showing in particular its folding tools;
Figure 7 est une autre vue de face de la même tête de formage, avec coupe partielle, certains organes occupant une position différente ; Figure 8 est encore une autre vue de face de la tête de formage, du côté opposé aux précédentes ;Figure 7 is another front view of the same forming head, with partial section, some members occupying a different position; Figure 8 is yet another front view of the forming head, on the side opposite to the previous ones;
Figure 9 est une vue en coupe similaire à figure 6, illustrant plus schématiquement une autre position des outils de cintrage ;Figure 9 is a sectional view similar to Figure 6, showing more schematically another position of the bending tools;
Figure 10 est une vue partielle en perspective de la tête de formage, montrant plus particulièrement le dispositif à ailettes de maintien ; Figure 11 est une vue en coupe de ce dispositif à ailettes ; Figure 12 est une vue de face du dispositif à ailettes, suivant la flèche F de figure 11 , avec coupe partielle ;Figure 10 is a partial perspective view of the forming head, showing more particularly the device with retaining fins; Figure 11 is a sectional view of this fin device; Figure 12 is a front view of the fin device, according to arrow F of Figure 11, with partial section;
Figure 13 est une vue en plan par dessus, partielle, de ce dispositif ;Figure 13 is a partial plan view from above of this device;
Figure 14 représente en perspective, et de façon isolée, l'arbre avec rampes du dispositif à ailettes ;Figure 14 shows in perspective, and in isolation, the shaft with ramps of the fin device;
Figures 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 et 20 sont des schémas illustrant le formage d'une extrémité de barre, sur la machine de l'invention, avec exécution successive de plusieurs coudes ;Figures 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20 are diagrams illustrating the forming of a bar end, on the machine of the invention, with successive execution of several bends;
Figure 21 est une vue en perspective de l'extrémité de la barre, formée selon le processus des schémas précédents.Figure 21 is a perspective view of the end of the bar, formed according to the process of the previous diagrams.
En se référant tout d'abord aux figures 1 et 2, la machine objet de l'invention possède un châssis principal 2, de forme allongée, disposé horizontalement. Le châssis principal 2 comporte, dans sa partie médiane, deux potences 3 et 4 qui servent au maintien d'une barre à former 5. La première potence 3 est une potence fixe, équipée à son sommet d'une première pince 6 pour le serrage de la barre à former 5. La seconde potence 4 est montée mobile en direction longitudinale (aussi désignée par "X") sur le châssis principal 2, le long de guides horizontaux 7 et 8, comme indiqué par une double flèche 9. Cette potence mobile 4 est équipée à son sommet d'une seconde pince 10 pour le serrage de la barre à former 5.Referring first to Figures 1 and 2, the machine object of the invention has a main frame 2, of elongated shape, arranged horizontally. The main frame 2 has, in its middle part, two brackets 3 and 4 which serve to maintain a bar to be formed 5. The first bracket 3 is a fixed bracket, equipped at its top with a first clamp 6 for tightening of the bar to be formed 5. The second bracket 4 is mounted movable in the longitudinal direction (also designated by "X") on the main frame 2, along horizontal guides 7 and 8, as indicated by a double arrow 9. This bracket mobile 4 is equipped at its top with a second clamp 10 for tightening the bar to be formed 5.
Ainsi, les deux potences 3 et 4, amenées à une distance appropriée l'une de l'autre, permettent par leurs pinces respectives 6 et 10 le maintien en position horizontale de la région intermédiaire 5a de la barre à former 5, cette région intermédiaire 5a devant ici rester rectiligne. Les deux régions d'extrémité 5b et 5c de la barre 5 se situent en porte-à-faux, de part et d'autre des deux potences 3 et 4. Ces deux régions d'extrémité 5b et 5c sont à former, c'est-à-dire qu'elles doivent subir des opérations de pliage réalisant des coudes successifs en plusieurs points de leur longueur, au moyen de deux têtes de formage 11 et 12, décrites en détail ci-après.Thus, the two brackets 3 and 4, brought to an appropriate distance from each other, allow by their respective clamps 6 and 10 the maintenance in horizontal position of the intermediate region 5a of the bar to be formed 5, this intermediate region 5a in front here remain straight. Both end regions 5b and 5c of the bar 5 are cantilevered, on either side of the two brackets 3 and 4. These two end regions 5b and 5c are to be formed, that is to say that is to say that they must undergo folding operations producing successive bends at several points along their length, by means of two forming heads 11 and 12, described in detail below.
De part et d'autre de l'ensemble des deux potences 3 et 4, sont disposés deux chariots principaux, respectivement 13 et 14. Chaque chariot principal 13 ou 14, en forme de traverse, est déplaçable horizontalement dans la direction longitudinale "X" du châssis principal 2, le long de deux guides ou rails horizontaux parallèles, communs à ces deux chariots 13 et 14, l'un étant confondu avec le guide 7 précité de la potence mobile 4, et l'autre étant un guide supplémentaire 1. Des flèches doubles 15 et 16 symbolisent les déplacements respectifs des deux chariots principaux 13 et 14, commandés par des moteurs électriques non représentés, avec contrôle de positionnement. Sur chaque chariot principal 13 ou 14 est monté un chariot secondaire, respectivement 17 ou 18, déplaçable horizontalement dans la direction transversale (aussi désignée par "Y') du châssis principal 2, le long d'un guide 19 porté par le châssis principal 13 et 14. Des flèches doubles 20 etOn either side of the assembly of the two brackets 3 and 4, two main carriages are arranged, respectively 13 and 14. Each main carriage 13 or 14, in the form of a cross-member, can be moved horizontally in the longitudinal direction "X" of the main chassis 2, along two parallel horizontal guides or rails, common to these two carriages 13 and 14, one being merged with the aforementioned guide 7 of the movable bracket 4, and the other being an additional guide 1. Double arrows 15 and 16 symbolize the respective movements of the two main carriages 13 and 14, controlled by electric motors not shown, with positioning control. On each main carriage 13 or 14 is mounted a secondary carriage, respectively 17 or 18, horizontally movable in the transverse direction (also designated by "Y ') of the main chassis 2, along a guide 19 carried by the main chassis 13 and 14. Double arrows 20 and
21 symbolisent les déplacements respectifs des deux chariots secondaires 17 et 18, commandés par des moteurs électriques non représentés, avec contrôle de positionnement.21 symbolize the respective movements of the two secondary carriages 17 and 18, controlled by electric motors not shown, with positioning control.
Chacun des deux chariots secondaires 17 et 18 porte un supportEach of the two secondary carriages 17 and 18 carries a support
22 qui est monté mobile dans la direction verticale (aussi désignée par "Z"), et qui peut être déplacé verticalement, comme symbolisé par une flèche double 23, au moyen d'un autre moteur électrique de positionnement non visible au dessin.22 which is mounted movable in the vertical direction (also designated by "Z"), and which can be moved vertically, as symbolized by a double arrow 23, by means of another electric positioning motor not visible in the drawing.
Sur chaque support 22 est monté un châssis de tête de formage, qui comprend lui-même :On each support 22 is mounted a forming head chassis, which itself comprises:
- un premier élément de châssis 24, directement monté pivotant autour d'un axe transversal 25 (de direction "Y") sur le support- A first frame element 24, directly mounted pivoting about a transverse axis 25 (of direction "Y") on the support
22, comme symbolisé par une flèche double 26, et actionné par un moteur électrique de positionnement 27 ;22, as symbolized by a double arrow 26, and actuated by an electric positioning motor 27;
- un second élément de châssis 28, monté pivotant autour d'un axe vertical 29 (de direction "Z") sur le premier élément de châssis 24, comme symbolisé par une flèche double 30, et actionné par un autre moteur électrique de positionnement 31. Le second élément de châssis 28 supporte les organes actifs de la tête de formage 11 ou 12 correspondante. En se référant aussi aux figures 3 et suivantes, qui montrent plus en détail l'une des têtes de formage 11 , ces organes actifs sont portés par une couronne dentée 32, montée tournante sur l'élément de châssis 28 autour d'un axe longitudinal 33 (de direction "X"), comme symbolisé par une flèche double 34. La couronne dentée 32 est entraînée en rotation, autour de l'axe 33, à partir d'un moteur électrique de positionnement (non visible au dessin) et par l'intermédiaire d'une couronne dentée. En se référant plus particulièrement aux figures 3 à 7, la couronne dentée rotative 32 porte un ensemble de bridage, pour le maintien de la portion de la barre 5 à former. Par référence à une position de base (ou position "origine") de la tête de formage 11 et de sa couronne 32, l'ensemble de bridage comprend un mors fixe vertical 35, un mors fixe horizontal 36, un mors mobile vertical 37 et un mors mobile horizontal 38.a second chassis element 28, pivotally mounted about a vertical axis 29 (of direction "Z") on the first chassis element 24, as symbolized by a double arrow 30, and actuated by another electric positioning motor 31 . The second frame member 28 supports the active members of the corresponding forming head 11 or 12. Referring also to Figures 3 and following, which show in more detail one of the forming heads 11, these active members are carried by a ring gear 32, rotatably mounted on the frame member 28 about a longitudinal axis 33 (in direction "X"), as symbolized by a double arrow 34. The ring gear 32 is rotated, about the axis 33, from an electric positioning motor (not visible in the drawing) and by through a ring gear. Referring more particularly to FIGS. 3 to 7, the rotary toothed ring 32 carries a clamping assembly, for maintaining the portion of the bar 5 to be formed. With reference to a basic position (or "origin" position) of the forming head 11 and its crown 32, the clamping assembly comprises a vertical fixed jaw 35, a horizontal fixed jaw 36, a vertical movable jaw 37 and a horizontal movable jaw 38.
Le mors vertical 37, en forme de plaque, est guidé horizontalement et déplaçable au moyen d'un moteur électrique de positionnement 39, par l'intermédiaire d'une courroie crantée 40 et d'un mécanisme du genre vis- écrou. Le mors mobile horizontal 38, en forme de barre, est guidé verticalement et déplaçable au moyen d'un autre moteur électrique de positionnement 41 , par l'intermédiaire d'une autre courroie crantée 42 et d'un autre mécanisme du genre vis-écrou.The vertical jaw 37, in the form of a plate, is guided horizontally and displaceable by means of an electric positioning motor 39, by means of a toothed belt 40 and a mechanism of the screw-nut type. The horizontal movable jaw 38, in the form of a bar, is guided vertically and displaceable by means of another electric positioning motor 41, by means of another toothed belt 42 and of another mechanism of the screw-nut type. .
L'ensemble des deux mors verticaux 35 et 37, et des deux mors horizontaux 36 et 38, délimite un passage de section rectangulaire variable, prévu pour être traversé par la barre à former 5.The assembly of the two vertical jaws 35 and 37, and of the two horizontal jaws 36 and 38, delimits a passage of variable rectangular section, intended to be crossed by the bar to be formed 5.
La couronne dentée rotative 32 porte aussi les outils de pliage. Ceux-ci comprennent, en particulier, un bras de pliage 43, monté pivotant autour d'un axe de formage 44, qui est un axe horizontal (par référence à la position de base de la tête de formage) - voir notamment les figures 6 et 9. Le bras de pliage pivotant 43 est actionné au moyen d'un dispositif motorisé 45, qui comprend un moteur électrique 46 de pliage, porté par un support allongé 47 monté pivotant autour d'un axe 48, parallèle à l'axe de formage 44. Par l'intermédiaire d'une transmission du genre vis-écrou 49, le moteur 46 déplace en translation un coulisseau 50, guidé le long d'un glissière 51 solidaire du support 47. Le coulisseau 50 est lui-même articulé, par des tourillons 50a, sur une chape 52 solidaire du bras de pliage 43.The rotating ring gear 32 also carries the folding tools. These include, in particular, a folding arm 43, pivotally mounted around a forming axis 44, which is a horizontal axis (with reference to the basic position of the forming head) - see in particular Figures 6 and 9. The pivoting folding arm 43 is actuated by means of a motorized device 45, which comprises an electric folding motor 46, carried by an elongated support 47 pivotally mounted around an axis 48, parallel to the axis of forming 44. By means of a screw-nut type transmission 49, the motor 46 moves in translation a slide 50, guided along a slide 51 secured to the support 47. The slide 50 is itself articulated, by pins 50a, on a yoke 52 secured to the folding arm 43.
Le bras de pliage 43, en forme de "L" (vu de profil), porte sur sa plus grande branche un guide longitudinal 53 pour un chariot 54, déplaçable au moyen d'un moteur électrique de positionnement 55. Ce moteur 55 est accouplé, par l'intermédiaire d'une courroie crantée 56, à un mécanisme du genre vis-écrou 57, dont l'écrou est lié au chariot 54.The folding arm 43, in the shape of an "L" (seen in profile), carries on its largest branch a longitudinal guide 53 for a carriage 54, movable by means of an electric positioning motor 55. This motor 55 is coupled , by means of a toothed belt 56, to a mechanism of the screw-nut type 57, the nut of which is linked to the carriage 54.
Le chariot 54, déplaçable et positionnable dans la direction longitudinale du bras de pliage 43, sert de guide de coulissement transversal pour un sabot de pliage 58. Un vérin agit sur le sabot de pliage 58, pour le solliciter dans la direction de coulissement transversale.The carriage 54, movable and positionable in the longitudinal direction of the folding arm 43, serves as a transverse sliding guide for a folding shoe 58. A jack acts on the folding shoe 58, to urge it in the transverse sliding direction.
Le sabot de pliage 58 est prévu pour coopérer avec une contre- forme, centrée sur l'axe de formage 44. Il s'agit ici d'une double contre-forme, composée d'une contre-forme intérieure 59, de plus petit rayon extérieur, et d'une contre-forme extérieure 60, de plus grand rayon extérieur, par exemple d'un rayon égal du double de celui de la contre-forme intérieure 59 - voir en particulier les figures 6 et 9. La contre-forme extérieure 60 est déplaçable en translation, dans la direction de l'axe de formage 44, sur la contre-forme intérieure 59, ceci au moyen d'un vérin pneumatique 61 (figures 5 et 6), ce qui rend cette contre-forme extérieure 60 escamotable latéralement.The folding shoe 58 is provided to cooperate with a counterform, centered on the forming axis 44. It is here a double counterform, composed of an inner counterform 59, of smaller external radius, and of an external counterform 60, of larger external radius, for example of a radius equal to twice that of the internal counterform 59 - see in particular Figures 6 and 9. The counter outer shape 60 is movable in translation, in the direction of the forming axis 44, on the inner counter-form 59, this by means of a pneumatic cylinder 61 (FIGS. 5 and 6), which makes this counter-form exterior 60 retractable laterally.
Chaque tête de formage 11 et 12 comprend, enfin, un dispositif à ailettes de maintien latéral, désigné globalement par le repère 62, et montré plus particulièrement aux figures 10 à 14.Each forming head 11 and 12 finally comprises a device with lateral holding fins, generally designated by the reference 62, and shown more particularly in FIGS. 10 to 14.
Le dispositif 62, situé du côté du mors fixe vertical 35, comprend une série d'ailettes 63, montées pivotantes sur un axe commun confondu avec l'axe de formage 44. Chaque ailette 63 possède un moyeu 64, monté tournant autour d'un arbre commun 65 coaxial à l'axe de formage 44. Comme le montre en particulier la figure 12, l'arbre 65 possède une série de rampes 66, en arc de cercle, creusées les unes à côté des autres et possédant des longueurs distinctes, progressivement croissantes. Les moyeux 64 des différentes ailettes 63 possèdent, chacun, un doigt radial 67 engagé dans l'une des rampes 66, ce qui positionne axialement les ailettes 63 tout en limitant leurs courses angulaires respectives à des valeurs distinctes et progressivement croissantes, d'une ailette 63 à l'autre. Le dispositif 62 comprend encore une série de ressorts à gaz 68, en même nombre que les ailettes 63 de ce dispositif, et associés chacun à l'une des ailettes 63. Chaque ressort à gaz 68 est monté entre un point d'articulation 69, lié à l'ailette 63 correspondante, et un point d'articulation "fixe" 70, lié à un support commun 71 solidaire de la couronne 32. Les différents ressorts à gaz 68 agissent sur les ailettes 63 correspondantes dans le sens de leur déployement, qui s'effectue "en éventail".The device 62, located on the side of the vertical fixed jaw 35, comprises a series of fins 63, pivotally mounted on a common axis coinciding with the forming axis 44. Each fin 63 has a hub 64, mounted to rotate around a common shaft 65 coaxial with the forming axis 44. As shown in particular in FIG. 12, the shaft 65 has a series of ramps 66, in an arc of a circle, hollowed out next to each other and having distinct lengths, gradually increasing. The hubs 64 of the different fins 63 each have a radial finger 67 engaged in one of the ramps 66, which axially positions the fins 63 while limiting their respective angular strokes to distinct and progressively increasing values, of a fin 63 to the next. The device 62 also comprises a series of gas springs 68, the same number as the fins 63 of this device, and each associated with one of the fins 63. Each gas spring 68 is mounted between a hinge point 69, linked to the corresponding fin 63, and a "fixed" hinge point 70, linked to a common support 71 secured to the crown 32. The various gas springs 68 act on the corresponding fins 63 in the direction of their deployment, which is carried out "in a fan".
On notera que tous les moteurs, ou actionneurs équivalents tels que vérins, de la machine, travaillent avec contrôle de positionnement et/ou de couple, notamment à l'approche des positions finales. En particulier, les moteurs 39 et 41 qui déplacent les mors mobiles 37 et 38, et le moteur 55 qui positionne le sabot de pliage 58, travaillent d'abord en positionnement puis, à l'approche de la position finale de l'organe déplacé, travaillent en couple, jusqu'à obtenir le couple de serrage programmé.It will be noted that all the motors, or equivalent actuators such as jacks, of the machine, work with positioning and / or torque control, in particular when approaching the final positions. In particular, the motors 39 and 41 which move the movable jaws 37 and 38, and the motor 55 which positions the folding shoe 58, work first in positioning and then, when approaching the final position of the displaced member , work in torque, until the programmed tightening torque is obtained.
Le fonctionnement d'ensemble de la machine, précédemment décrite, s'établit comme suit : Au repos, les deux chariots principaux 13 et 14 sont placés en position de dégagement, vers les extrémités du châssis principal 2, l'écartement de ces deux chariots 13 et 14 étant en rapport avec la longueur de la barre à former 5. Les deux têtes de formage 11 et 12, portées respectivement par les deux chariots, sont en position de base. La potence mobile 4 se trouve en position d'attente de chargement, à une distance programmée de la potence fixe 3, qui sert de référence. Les pinces respectives 6 et 10 des deux potences 3 et 4 sont ouvertes.The overall operation of the machine, previously described, is established as follows: At rest, the two main carriages 13 and 14 are placed in the release position, towards the ends of the main chassis 2, the spacing of these two carriages 13 and 14 being related to the length of the bar to be formed 5. The two forming heads 11 and 12, carried respectively by the two carriages, are in the basic position. The movable jib 4 is in the loading standby position, at a programmed distance from the fixed jib 3, which serves as a reference. The respective clamps 6 and 10 of the two brackets 3 and 4 are open.
La barre à former 5, encore rectiligne, est placée dans les pinces respectives 6 et 10 des deux potences 3 et 4, par un opérateur ou par un dispositif de chargement automatique. Les deux pinces 3 et 4 sont alors fermées, pour maintenir la barre 5 en position horizontale, parallèle à la direction longitudinale "X" du châssis principal 2.The forming bar 5, still straight, is placed in the respective clamps 6 and 10 of the two brackets 3 and 4, by an operator or by an automatic loading device. The two clamps 3 and 4 are then closed, to maintain the bar 5 in a horizontal position, parallel to the longitudinal direction "X" of the main chassis 2.
Les deux têtes de formage 11 et 12 sont rapprochées des deux potences 3 et 4, par déplacement des chariots principaux 13 et 14, de manière à s'engager, respectivement, sur les deux régions d'extrémité 5b et 5c de la barre 5.The two forming heads 11 and 12 are brought closer to the two brackets 3 and 4, by displacement of the main carriages 13 and 14, so as to engage, respectively, on the two end regions 5b and 5c of the bar 5.
A partir de là, le formage des deux régions d'extrémité 5b et 5c de la barre 5, au moyen des deux têtes de formage 11 et 12, peut commencer. Il consiste à réaliser, sur les régions d'extrémité 5b et 5c de la barre 5, des coudes successifs séparés les uns des autres par des distances prédéterminées, chaque coude possédant un plan de pliage et un angle de pliage qui lui est propre. Ainsi, pour chaque coude à former, la tête de formage 11 ou 12 est positionnée selon les trois directions orthogonales "X", "Y" et "Z", par déplacement longitudinal du chariot principal 13 ou 14, déplacement transversal du chariot secondaire 17 ou 18, et déplacement vertical du support 22 correspondant. De plus, chaque tête de formage 11 ou 12 (et/ou son outillage) est orientée, autour des trois axes 25, 29 et 33. Les deux têtes de formage 11 et 12 étant indépendantes l'une de l'autre, il est possible de former des coudes différents dans les deux régions d'extrémités 5a et 5b de la barre 5, ou de faire fonctionner les deux têtes de formage 11 et 12 à des vitesses différentes l'une de l'autre, ces deux têtes de formage 11 et 12 travaillant de façon simultanée.From there, the forming of the two end regions 5b and 5c of the bar 5, by means of the two forming heads 11 and 12, can begin. It consists in making, on the end regions 5b and 5c of the bar 5, successive elbows separated from each other by predetermined distances, each elbow having a bending plane and an angle of its own folding. Thus, for each bend to be formed, the forming head 11 or 12 is positioned in the three orthogonal directions "X", "Y" and "Z", by longitudinal movement of the main carriage 13 or 14, transverse movement of the secondary carriage 17 or 18, and vertical displacement of the corresponding support 22. In addition, each forming head 11 or 12 (and / or its tools) is oriented around the three axes 25, 29 and 33. The two forming heads 11 and 12 being independent of each other, it is possible to form different bends in the two end regions 5a and 5b of the bar 5, or to operate the two forming heads 11 and 12 at different speeds from each other, these two forming heads 11 and 12 working simultaneously.
On décrira maintenant, plus en détail, le formage d'un coude, par l'une des têtes de formage 11 et 12.We will now describe, in more detail, the forming of an elbow, by one of the forming heads 11 and 12.
La tête de formage 11 ou 12 ayant été positionnée et convenablement orientée au point de la barre 5 (traversant cette tête de formage) où doit être formé le coude, les mors mobiles vertical 37 et horizontal 38 sont actionnés par les moteurs respectifs 39 et 41 , pour assurer le bridage de la barre 5. On notera que, pour une barre 5 de section rectangulaire, le serrage de celle-ci par les quatre mors 35 à 38 peut s'effectuer dans une position "à plat" ou dans une position "sur champ", séparées l'une de l'autre par une rotation de 90°.The forming head 11 or 12 having been positioned and suitably oriented at the point of the bar 5 (passing through this forming head) where the elbow is to be formed, the vertical 37 and horizontal 38 movable jaws are actuated by the respective motors 39 and 41 , to ensure the clamping of the bar 5. It will be noted that, for a bar 5 of rectangular section, the tightening thereof by the four jaws 35 to 38 can be carried out in a "flat" position or in a position "on the field", separated from each other by a 90 ° rotation.
On notera aussi que, préalablement à la formation du coude, la contre-forme extérieure 60 a été soit placée en position active, soit escamotée latéralement, selon que le coude à former doit être réalisé avec le rayon de cintrage de la contre-forme extérieure 60, ou avec le rayon de cintrage plus petit de la contre-forme intérieure 59.It will also be noted that, prior to the formation of the elbow, the external counterform 60 has been either placed in the active position, or retracted laterally, depending on whether the elbow to be formed must be produced with the bending radius of the external counterform 60, or with the smaller bending radius of the inner counterform 59.
Lorsque la contre-forme extérieure 60 est escamotée latéralement, pour sélectionner le plus petit rayon de cintrage, la face terminale de cette contre-forme 60, convenablement positionnée, sert de butée latérale, pour l'une des faces latérales de la barre à former 5.When the external counterform 60 is retracted laterally, to select the smallest bending radius, the end face of this counterform 60, suitably positioned, serves as a lateral stop, for one of the lateral faces of the bar to be formed 5.
Le bras de pliage 43 étant initialement relevé (voir figure 9), le sabot de pliage 58 est abaissé au moyen de moteur 55 jusqu'à venir en appui forme sur la barre 5, ce sabot de pliage 58 étant en outre maintenu en poussée par le vérin associé. Ensuite, le moteur 46 est actionné, de manière à déplacer le coulisseau 50 et à faire ainsi pivoter le bras de cintrage 43, avec son sabot 58, autour de l'axe de formage 44. Au cours du pivotement du bras de cintrage 43, le sabot de pliage 58, appuyé sur la barre 5, "enroule" cette barre 5 autour de la contre-forme 59 ou 60 choisie comme contre-forme active, ce qui forme le coude désiré, l'angle de pivotement du bras de cintrage 43 autour de l'axe 44 déterminant l'angle de pliage de la barre 5 - voir figure 6. Pendant la formation du coude, les ailettes de maintien 63, poussées par les ressorts à gaz 68 respectifs, pivotent autour de l'axe de formage 44, ces ailettes 63 étant libérées par le mouvement pivotant de l'embase du bras de cintrage 43. Au fur et à mesure du pivotement de ce bras 43, les ailettes 63 se dégagent les unes des autres, et s'ouvrent "en éventail", compte tenu du fait que les rampes 66, de longueurs différentes, forment (en coopération avec les doigts 67) des butées qui limitent les courses angulaires des ailettes 63 à des valeurs distinctes, et progressivement croissantes - voir figures 6, 10 et 11.The folding arm 43 being initially raised (see FIG. 9), the folding shoe 58 is lowered by means of a motor 55 until it comes into abutment on the bar 5, this folding shoe 58 being further held in thrust by the associated cylinder. Then, the motor 46 is actuated, so as to move the slide 50 and thus to pivot the bending arm 43, with its shoe 58, around the forming axis 44. During the pivoting of the bending arm 43, the folding shoe 58, pressed on the bar 5, "wraps" this bar 5 around the counter-form 59 or 60 chosen as active counter-form, which forms the desired elbow, the pivot angle of the arm of bending 43 around the axis 44 determining the angle of folding of the bar 5 - see FIG. 6. During the formation of the bend, the retaining fins 63, pushed by the respective gas springs 68, pivot around the forming axis 44, these fins 63 being released by the pivoting movement of the base of the bending arm 43. As the pivoting of this arm 43, the fins 63 disengage from each other, and open "fan-shaped", taking into account the fact that the ramps 66, of different lengths, form (in cooperation with the fingers 67) stops which limit the angular strokes of the fins 63 to distinct values, and progressively increasing - see FIGS. 6, 10 and 11.
Ainsi, au fur et à mesure de leur déployement, donc au fur et à mesure du formage du coude, les ailettes 63 réalisent en quelque sorte l'équivalent d'une paroi, située à l'opposé du mors mobile vertical 37 en forme de plaque, cette paroi assurant un maintien latéral de la barre 5. Grâce au dispositif de maintien latéral 62, on évite le chevauchement des demi-barres, dans le cas d'une barre 5 constituée par la réunion de deux demi-barres accolées.Thus, as and when they are deployed, therefore as the elbow is formed, the fins 63 somehow achieve the equivalent of a wall, located opposite the vertical movable jaw 37 in the form of plate, this wall ensuring lateral support for the bar 5. Thanks to the lateral support device 62, the overlapping of the half-bars is avoided, in the case of a bar 5 formed by the union of two adjoining half-bars.
Une fois le coude formé, les mors mobiles 37 et 38 sont déplacés dans le sens de leur ouverture, et le sabot de pliage 58 est dégagé de la barre 5, de telle sorte que la tête de formage 11 ou 12 n'est plus bridée sur la barre 5. Ainsi libérée, la tête de formage 11 ou 12 est déplacée vers l'extérieur, en "suivant" la barre 5, pour être amenée à un autre point de cette barre 5 où doit être formé le coude suivant. Le déplacement de la tête de formage 11 ou 12 est réalisé en combinant le différents mouvements possibles de translation et/ou de rotation, d'une part pour suivre la barre 5 en tenant compte de l'orientation de sa partie déjà pliée, sans risque de collision avec celle-ci, et d'autre part pour positionner les outils de pliage en correspondance avec le plan de pliage du coude suivant.Once the elbow has been formed, the movable jaws 37 and 38 are moved in the direction of their opening, and the folding shoe 58 is released from the bar 5, so that the forming head 11 or 12 is no longer clamped on the bar 5. Thus released, the forming head 11 or 12 is moved outward, "following" the bar 5, to be brought to another point of this bar 5 where the next bend must be formed. The displacement of the forming head 11 or 12 is carried out by combining the different possible movements of translation and / or rotation, on the one hand to follow the bar 5 taking into account the orientation of its already folded part, without risk collision with it, and secondly to position the bending tools in correspondence with the bending plane of the next bend.
Ce fonctionnement, donc le formage d'une région d'extrémité 5b de la barre 5, avec exécution successive de plusieurs coudes, est aussi illustré (dans le cadre d'un exemple particulier, évidemment non limitatif) par les schémas des figures 15 à 21. Selon la figure 15, la tête de formage 11 est engagée autour de la portion d'extrémité 5b de la barre 5, encore totalement rectiligne, maintenue par les pinces des deux potences (seule une partie de la potence 4, et sa pince 10, étant ici visibles). La tête de formage 11 étant ainsi amenée au point où doit être formé un premier coude, la barre 5 est bridée en position "sur champ".This operation, therefore the forming of an end region 5b of the bar 5, with successive execution of several bends, is also illustrated (in the context of a particular example, obviously not limiting) by the diagrams of FIGS. 15 to 21. According to FIG. 15, the forming head 11 is engaged around the end portion 5b of the bar 5, still completely straight, maintained by the clamps of the two brackets (only part of the bracket 4, and its clamp 10, being visible here). The forming head 11 is thus brought to the point where a first bend is to be formed, the bar 5 is clamped in position "on the field".
Puis le premier coude 72 est formé, dans le plan désiré, par le mouvement pivotant du sabot de pliage 58 - voir figure 16.Then the first bend 72 is formed, in the desired plane, by the pivoting movement of the folding shoe 58 - see FIG. 16.
Ensuite, comme l'illustre la figure 17, la tête de formage 11 est libérée de la barre 5, et déplacée le long de celle-ci, en direction de son extrémité, jusqu'au point où doit être formé un deuxième coude. Après un nouveau bridage en ce point, le deuxième coude 73 est formé, par le mouvement pivotant du sabot de pliage 58 - voir figure 18.Then, as illustrated in FIG. 17, the forming head 11 is released from the bar 5, and moved along the latter, in the direction of its end, to the point where a second bend is to be formed. After a new clamping at this point, the second elbow 73 is formed, by the pivoting movement of the folding shoe 58 - see FIG. 18.
Plus particulièrement, dans l'exemple illustré, la tête de formage 11 est orientée, entre la formation du premier coude 72 et la formation du deuxième coude 73, de telle sorte que ce deuxième coude 73 soit formé dans le même plan de pliage que le premier coude 72, mais avec pliage de la barre 5 dans le sens inverse.More particularly, in the example illustrated, the forming head 11 is oriented, between the formation of the first bend 72 and the formation of the second bend 73, so that this second bend 73 is formed in the same bending plane as the first bend 72, but with folding of the bar 5 in the opposite direction.
Ensuite, la tête de formage 11 est déplacée, toujours en direction de l'extrémité de la barre 5, vers le point où doit être formé un troisième coude. La tête de formage 11 est orientée de telle sorte que la barre 5 soit bridée en position "à plat" (voir figure 19), et le sabot de pliage 58 est déplacé de façon à former le troisième coude 74 dans un plan de pliage orthogonal aux plans de pliage des coudes précédents 72 et 73 (voir figure 20). Finalement, l'on obtient une barre 5 avec une région d'extrémité 5b qui présente trois coudes successifs 72, 73 et 74, telle que représentée sur la figure 21.Then, the forming head 11 is moved, still in the direction of the end of the bar 5, towards the point where a third bend is to be formed. The forming head 11 is oriented so that the bar 5 is clamped in the "flat" position (see FIG. 19), and the folding shoe 58 is moved so as to form the third bend 74 in an orthogonal folding plane to the bending planes of the previous elbows 72 and 73 (see FIG. 20). Finally, a bar 5 is obtained with an end region 5b which has three successive bends 72, 73 and 74, as shown in FIG. 21.
Les deux régions d'extrémités 5b et 5c d'une barre étant entièrement formées, les deux têtes de formage 11 et 12 sont dégagées de la barre 5, et sont ramenées vers les deux extrémités correspondantes de la machine. Les deux pinces 6 et 10 sont ouvertes et la barre 5, se trouvant ainsi entièrement libérée, peut être évacuée manuellement ou par un dispositif de déchargement. La machine se trouve alors prête pour le formage d'une nouvelle barre 5, à former de façon identique ou non à la barre précédente. La machine, dont la structure et le fonctionnement viennent d'être décrits, est applicable plus particulièrement au formage des extrémités de barres métalliques prévues pour prendre place dans les encoches des stators et rotors de machines tournantes électriques. Encore plus particulièrement, cette machine s'applique au formage des barres conductrices en cuivre des stators d'alternateurs de forte puissance. Bien entendu, la même machine reste applicable au formage de barres diverses, voire mêmes de tubes, dans les domaines électrique, mécanique ou autres. Ces barres peuvent posséder une section rectangulaire, carrée ou autre, les mors des deux têtes de formage étant, éventuellement, prévus interchangeables et adaptés à des sections de barre particulières. Les barres à former sont notamment des barres de section pleine, résultant soit d'une structure monobloc, soit de l'assemblage de plusieurs parties ou de fils multiples (section pleine reconstituée). Toutefois, ces barres peuvent être partiellement creuses, ou posséder d'autres particularités de leur section, ce qui est par exemple le cas des barres pourvues d'un canal interne de refroidissement.The two end regions 5b and 5c of a bar being fully formed, the two forming heads 11 and 12 are released from the bar 5, and are brought back to the two corresponding ends of the machine. The two clamps 6 and 10 are open and the bar 5, thus being fully released, can be removed manually or by an unloading device. The machine is then ready for the forming of a new bar 5, to be formed identically or not to the previous bar. The machine, the structure and operation of which have just been described, is more particularly applicable to the forming of the ends of metal bars intended to take place in the notches of the stators and rotors of electric rotating machines. Even more particularly, this machine applies to the forming of copper conductor bars of high power alternator stators. Of course, the same machine remains applicable to the forming of various bars, or even of tubes, in the electrical, mechanical or other fields. These bars may have a rectangular, square or other section, the jaws of the two forming heads being, optionally, provided interchangeable and adapted to particular bar sections. The bars to be formed are in particular solid section bars, resulting either from a one-piece structure, or from the assembly of several parts or of multiple wires (reconstituted solid section). However, these bars can be partially hollow, or have other peculiarities of their section, which is for example the case of bars provided with an internal cooling channel.
L'on ne s'éloignerait pas du cadre de l'invention, telle que définie dans les revendications annexées :One would not depart from the scope of the invention, as defined in the appended claims:
- en remplaçant les divers moyens moteurs indiqués, qui assurent les mouvements, positionnements et actionnements des parties et organes mobiles de la machine, par tous équivalents fonctionnels, ceci concernant aussi les divers organes mécaniques de transmission des mouvements ;- by replacing the various indicated motor means, which ensure the movements, positioning and actuation of the moving parts and organs of the machine, by all functional equivalents, this also concerning the various mechanical organs for transmitting movements;
- en modifiant les détails constructifs de la machine, tant de son bâti que de ses têtes de formage ; - en destinant cette machine au formage de barres de tous genres, et de toute longueur, avec coudes plus ou moins nombreux et de toutes orientations, le cas échéant en adaptant la machine en fonction des particularités, telles que la section, des barres à former. - by modifying the constructive details of the machine, both of its frame and of its forming heads; - by using this machine to form bars of all kinds, and of any length, with more or less numerous bends and all orientations, if necessary adapting the machine according to the particularities, such as the section, of the bars to be formed .

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 - Machine automatique pour le formage de barres, plus particulièrement de barres métalliques (5) de section pleine ou non devant présenter, dans leur état final, des coudes (72, 73, 74) dans les régions (5b, 5c) de leurs deux extrémités, tandis que la région intermédiaire (5a) de ces barres (5) reste rectiligne, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend, en combinaison :1 - Automatic machine for forming bars, more particularly metal bars (5) of solid section or not, which must present, in their final state, bends (72, 73, 74) in the regions (5b, 5c) of their two ends, while the intermediate region (5a) of these bars (5) remains rectilinear, characterized in that it comprises, in combination:
- un châssis principal allongé (2) comportant, dans sa partie médiane, des moyens (3 à 10) pour le maintien d'une barre à former (5), dans une position horizontale parallèle à la direction longitudinale (X) du châssis (2) ;- an elongated main frame (2) comprising, in its middle part, means (3 to 10) for holding a bar to be formed (5), in a horizontal position parallel to the longitudinal direction (X) of the frame ( 2);
- de part et d'autre des moyens de maintien (3 à 10) de la barre à former (5), deux chariots principaux (13, 14) déplaçables suivant la direction longitudinale (X) du châssis principal (2) ;- on either side of the holding means (3 to 10) of the bar to be formed (5), two main carriages (13, 14) movable in the longitudinal direction (X) of the main frame (2);
- sur chaque chariot principal (13, 14), un chariot secondaire (17, 18) déplaçable suivant la direction transversale (Y) du châssis principal (2) ;- On each main carriage (13, 14), a secondary carriage (17, 18) movable in the transverse direction (Y) of the main chassis (2);
- sur chaque chariot secondaire (17, 18), un support (22) mobile verticalement ;- On each secondary carriage (17, 18), a support (22) movable vertically;
- monté sur ce support (22) mobile verticalement, un châssis (24, 28) de tête de formage (11 , 12) apte à décrire une rotation autour d'un axe (25) parallèle à la direction transversale (Y) du châssis principal (2) et autour d'un axe vertical (29) ; - deux têtes de formage (11 , 12), montées respectivement sur chaque châssis (14, 28) de tête de formage, et aptes à être traversées chacune par l'une des deux régions d'extrémité (5b, 5c) d'une barre à former (5) ;- mounted on this vertically movable support (22), a frame (24, 28) of the forming head (11, 12) capable of describing a rotation about an axis (25) parallel to the transverse direction (Y) of the frame main (2) and around a vertical axis (29); - two forming heads (11, 12), mounted respectively on each frame (14, 28) of the forming head, and capable of being traversed each by one of the two end regions (5b, 5c) of a forming bar (5);
- sur chaque tête de formage (11 , 12), des outils de pliage (42 à 61) montés sur un support (32) apte à décrire une rotation autour d'un axe (33) parallèle à la direction longitudinale (X) du châssis principal (2) ;- on each forming head (11, 12), folding tools (42 to 61) mounted on a support (32) capable of describing a rotation about an axis (33) parallel to the longitudinal direction (X) of the main frame (2);
- également sur chaque tête de formage (11 , 12), des moyens de bridage (35 à 41) pour le maintien de la portion de barre à former (5) traversant cette tête de formage (11 , 12) ; - des moyens moteurs pour déplacer en translation et positionner les deux chariots principaux (13, 14), les deux chariots secondaires (17, 18) et les supports (22) mobiles verticalement, ainsi que pour déplacer en rotation et positionner angulairement chaque châssis (24, 28) de tête de formage (11, 12) et le support (32) des outils de pliage (43 à 61 ) de cette tête (11 , 12) ; et- Also on each forming head (11, 12), clamping means (35 to 41) for holding the portion of bar to be formed (5) passing through this forming head (11, 12); - motor means for moving in translation and positioning the two main carriages (13, 14), the two secondary carriages (17, 18) and the supports (22) movable vertically, as well as for moving in rotation and angularly positioning each chassis ( 24, 28) of the forming head (11, 12) and the support (32) of the folding tools (43 to 61) of this head (11, 12); and
- sur chacune des deux têtes de formage (11 , 12), d'autres moyens moteurs pour actionner les moyens de bridage (35 à 41 ) et les outils de pliage (43 à 61 ), les deux têtes de formage (11 , 12) étant prévues pour réaliser des coudes successifs (72, 73, 74) sur les régions d'extrémité correspondantes (5b, 5c) de la barre à former (5), chaque tête de formage (11 , 12) étant à cet effet déplacée de l'intérieur vers l'extérieur de la machine, en suivant la barre (5) en cours de formage.- on each of the two forming heads (11, 12), other motor means for actuating the clamping means (35 to 41) and the folding tools (43 to 61), the two forming heads (11, 12 ) being provided for making successive bends (72, 73, 74) on the corresponding end regions (5b, 5c) of the bar to be formed (5), each forming head (11, 12) being for this purpose displaced from inside to outside of the machine, following the bar (5) during forming.
2 - Machine selon la revendication 1 , caractérisée en ce que les moyens de maintien d'une barre à former (5) comprennent, sur le châssis principal (2) de la machine, d'une part une potence fixe (3), et d'autre part une potence (4) mobile suivant la direction longitudinale (X) de ce châssis principal (2), les deux potences (3, 4) étant équipées chacune, à leur sommet, d'une pince (6, 10) de serrage de la barre (5).2 - Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for holding a bar to be formed (5) comprise, on the main chassis (2) of the machine, on the one hand a fixed bracket (3), and on the other hand a bracket (4) movable in the longitudinal direction (X) of this main frame (2), the two brackets (3, 4) being each equipped, at their top, with a clamp (6, 10) for tightening the bar (5).
3 - Machine selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que les moyens de bridage portés par chaque tête de formage (11 , 12) comprennent, par référence à une position de base de ladite tête (11 , 12), un mors fixe vertical (35), un mors fixe horizontal (36), un mors mobile vertical (37), un mors mobile horizontal (38), et des moyens moteurs (39, 41) pour déplacer et positionner le mors mobile vertical (37) et le mors mobile horizontal (38), en contrôlant les efforts de serrage de ces mors (37, 38).3 - Machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the clamping means carried by each forming head (11, 12) comprise, by reference to a basic position of said head (11, 12), a fixed jaw vertical (35), a horizontal fixed jaw (36), a vertical mobile jaw (37), a horizontal mobile jaw (38), and motor means (39, 41) for moving and positioning the vertical mobile jaw (37) and the horizontal movable jaw (38), by controlling the clamping forces of these jaws (37, 38).
4 - Machine selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que les outils de pliage, montés sur chaque tête de formage (11 , 12), comprennent :4 - Machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the folding tools, mounted on each forming head (11, 12), include:
- un bras (43) pivotant autour d'un axe de formage (44) ;- an arm (43) pivoting about a forming axis (44);
- un sabot de pliage (58) monté mobile et positionnable sur le bras pivotant (43), en direction longitudinale et transversale de ce bras (43) ; - des moyens moteurs (46) de commande de la rotation dudit bras (43) autour de son axe de pivotement (44) ; et- a folding shoe (58) mounted mobile and positionable on the pivoting arm (43), in the longitudinal and transverse direction of this arm (43); - motor means (46) for controlling the rotation of said arm (43) about its pivot axis (44); and
- une contre-forme (59, 60) de profil arrondi, centré sur l'axe de formage (44) précité. 5 - Machine selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que la contre-forme se compose d'une contre-forme intérieure (59), de plus petit rayon extérieur, et d'une contre-forme extérieure (60), de plus grand rayon extérieur, la contre-forme extérieure (60) étant montée mobile transversalement sur la contre-forme intérieure (59) pour pouvoir soit recouvrir cette contre-forme intérieure (59) et devenir ainsi elle-même active, soit être escamotée latéralement et permettre ainsi à la contre-forme intérieure (59) de devenir active.- a counter-form (59, 60) of rounded profile, centered on the above-mentioned forming axis (44). 5 - Machine according to claim 4, characterized in that the counterform consists of an inner counterform (59), of smaller outer radius, and an outer counterform (60), of larger external radius, the external counter-form (60) being mounted to move transversely on the internal counter-form (59) in order to either cover this internal counter-form (59) and thus become itself active, or be retracted laterally and allow thus the inner counterform (59) to become active.
6 - Machine selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que les moyens de bridage (35 à 41 ) et les outils de pliage (43 à 61) sont portés par une même couronne dentée (32), montée tournante sur le châssis (24, 28) de la tête de formage (11 , 12) correspondante, des moyens moteurs étant prévus pour commander la rotation et le positionnement angulaire de ladite couronne dentée (32), relativement au châssis (24, 28) de la tête de formage (11 , 12), notamment par l'intermédiaire d'une courroie crantée. 7 - Machine selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce qu'il est prévu, sur chaque tête de formage (11, 12), une série d'ailettes de maintien latéral (63) montées pivotantes sur un axe commun (65) confondu avec l'axe de formage (44) et déployables sous l'action de moyens à ressort (68), au fur et à mesure de la rotation de l'outil de pliage (58), des moyens (66, 67) étant prévus pour limiter les courses angulaires des différentes ailettes (63) à des valeurs distinctes et croissantes, d'une ailette (63) à l'autre.6 - Machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the clamping means (35 to 41) and the folding tools (43 to 61) are carried by the same toothed ring (32), rotatably mounted on the chassis (24, 28) of the corresponding forming head (11, 12), motor means being provided for controlling the rotation and the angular positioning of said ring gear (32), relative to the chassis (24, 28) of the forming head (11, 12), in particular by means of a toothed belt. 7 - Machine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that there is provided, on each forming head (11, 12), a series of lateral holding fins (63) pivotally mounted on an axis common (65) merged with the forming axis (44) and deployable under the action of spring means (68), as the folding tool (58) rotates, means (66 , 67) being provided to limit the angular strokes of the different fins (63) to distinct and increasing values, from one fin (63) to another.
8 - Machine selon la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce que les moyens, prévus pour limiter les courses angulaires des différente ailettes de maintien latéral (63), sont constitués par des rampes (66), de longueurs distinctes, creusées dans un arbre commun (65) sur lequel sont montées pivotantes toutes les ailettes (63), chaque ailette (63) possédant un doigt (67) engagé dans la rampe (66) correspondante.8 - Machine according to claim 7, characterized in that the means, provided to limit the angular strokes of the different lateral holding fins (63), are constituted by ramps (66), of different lengths, hollowed out in a common tree ( 65) on which are pivotally mounted all the fins (63), each fin (63) having a finger (67) engaged in the corresponding ramp (66).
9 - Machine selon la revendication 7 ou 8, caractérisée en ce que les moyens à ressort, agissant sur les ailettes de maintien latéral (63), sont des ressorts à gaz (68) respectifs, chaque ressort à gaz (68) étant monté entre un point (69) de l'ailette correspondante et un point "fixe" (70), tel qu'un point lié à la couronne dentée (32) précitée.9 - Machine according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the spring means, acting on the lateral holding fins (63), are respective gas springs (68), each gas spring (68) being mounted between a point (69) of the corresponding fin and a "fixed" point (70), such as a point linked to the abovementioned toothed crown (32).
10 - Utilisation de la machine selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, pour le formage des extrémités (5b, 5c) de barres métalliques (5) prévues pour prendre place dans les encoches des stators et rotors de machines tournantes électriques, plus particulièrement les barres conductrices (5) en cuivre de stators d'alternateurs de forte puissance. 10 - Use of the machine according to any one of claims 1 to 9, for forming the ends (5b, 5c) of metal bars (5) intended to take place in the notches of the stators and rotors of electric rotating machines, more particularly the copper conductor bars (5) of high power alternator stators.
PCT/FR2002/003785 2001-11-06 2002-11-05 Automatic bar-forming machine WO2003039778A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0114349A FR2831842B1 (en) 2001-11-06 2001-11-06 AUTOMATIC MACHINE FOR FORMING BARS
FR01/14349 2001-11-06

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CN115870375A (en) * 2022-11-28 2023-03-31 南通昊海电器有限公司 Bending device and bending process for conductive copper bar

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US5566565A (en) * 1994-02-25 1996-10-22 Usui Kokusai Sangyo Kaisha Ltd. Pipe bending device
US5873278A (en) * 1996-05-17 1999-02-23 Usui Kokusai Sangyo Kaisha Limited Multi-row pipe bending apparatus

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EP0263607A1 (en) * 1986-09-27 1988-04-13 Langbow Limited Bending machines
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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CN115870375B (en) * 2022-11-28 2023-09-12 南通昊海电器有限公司 Conductive copper bar bending processing device and bending process

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FR2831842A1 (en) 2003-05-09

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