WO1994008783A1 - Ceramic reinforced dental appliances, devices and restorations - Google Patents

Ceramic reinforced dental appliances, devices and restorations Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1994008783A1
WO1994008783A1 PCT/US1993/009341 US9309341W WO9408783A1 WO 1994008783 A1 WO1994008783 A1 WO 1994008783A1 US 9309341 W US9309341 W US 9309341W WO 9408783 A1 WO9408783 A1 WO 9408783A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pontic
accordance
ceramic fiber
restoration
fiber material
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1993/009341
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Jonathan Scharf
Original Assignee
Jonathan Scharf
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US07/965,686 external-priority patent/US5425640A/en
Application filed by Jonathan Scharf filed Critical Jonathan Scharf
Priority to AU51684/93A priority Critical patent/AU5168493A/en
Publication of WO1994008783A1 publication Critical patent/WO1994008783A1/en

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61CDENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C5/00Filling or capping teeth
    • A61C5/30Securing inlays, onlays or crowns
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61CDENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C13/00Dental prostheses; Making same
    • A61C13/225Fastening prostheses in the mouth
    • A61C13/26Dentures without palates; Partial dentures, e.g. bridges
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K6/00Preparations for dentistry
    • A61K6/15Compositions characterised by their physical properties
    • A61K6/17Particle size
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K6/00Preparations for dentistry
    • A61K6/70Preparations for dentistry comprising inorganic additives
    • A61K6/71Fillers
    • A61K6/76Fillers comprising silicon-containing compounds
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K6/00Preparations for dentistry
    • A61K6/80Preparations for artificial teeth, for filling teeth or for capping teeth
    • A61K6/802Preparations for artificial teeth, for filling teeth or for capping teeth comprising ceramics
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K6/00Preparations for dentistry
    • A61K6/80Preparations for artificial teeth, for filling teeth or for capping teeth
    • A61K6/884Preparations for artificial teeth, for filling teeth or for capping teeth comprising natural or synthetic resins
    • A61K6/887Compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to ceramic reinforced dental appliances, devices and restorations. More particu- larly, the present invention relates to various types of pontics, splints, reinforcements and the like utilizing ceram ⁇ ic fiber materials, which may be etched and/or silanated in the form of ropes, tapes and meshes which may be utilized in connection with hardenable materials and particularly high temperature materials such as porcelains, heat cured composite resins and heat processed acrylic resins.
  • Golub has disclosed the use of silk material in United States Patent 4,728,291 and more recently in United States Patent 5,120,224 disclosed a method of splinting teeth or attaching a pontic using an ultra-thin laminate containing a fabric such as alumina.
  • the present invention is directed to a method of creating reinforced dental appliances, devices or restorations utiliz ⁇ ing a ceramic fiber material within hardenable materials and particularly heat hardenable materials such as porcelain or heat cured composite resin, as well as the various dental ap ⁇ pliances and devices such as pontics, splints and denture or orthodontic appliance base reinforcements or repairs utilizing a ceramic reinforcing fiber material within a hardenable material and particularly heat hardened material such as porcelain or heat cured composite resin.
  • the present invention is intended to cover the use of ceramic reinforcing materials within all types of hardenable materials, including, but not limited to, currently available photo, chemical, or heat cured resins or combinations thereof.
  • the present invention con ⁇ cerning the use of the ceramic fiber materials finds particu ⁇ lar application in connection with materials such as porce ⁇ lains, heat cured composite resins and materials heat treated for the purpose of hardening.
  • the present invention includes pontics wherein the ceram ⁇ ic fiber material extending from the lateral faces of the pontic may be flexible or may be coated with porcelain or heat cured composite resin to form a rigid wing structure.
  • the ceramic fiber material includes all forms of material includ ⁇ ing braided and woven ropes, tapes, random and uniform meshes and other types of fabric and sheet material.
  • porcelain or heat cured composite resin splints reinforced with ceramic fiber may be created which may be inlaid into recesses formed in the teeth to be splinted.
  • anterior or poste- rior periodontal splints or post-orthodontic retainers may be fabricated utilizing the ceramic fiber reinforcing material within porcelain or a heat cured composite resin for superior results.
  • the ceramic fiber reinforcement material of the present invention may be utilized to reinforce or repair dentures or orthodontic appliances.
  • ceramic fiber is defined and used herein broadly to include various high temperature glassy type fibers which may be made from pure or substantially pure silica, various silicates, metal oxides and various other fibers provided with a coating or treatment of silica on their surface.
  • Figure 1 is a plan view of a uniform mesh comprised of ceramic fiber material which may be utilized in practicing the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a plan view of a random mesh comprised of ceramic fiber material which may be utilized in practicing the present invention.
  • Figure 2A is a plan view of a tape comprised of ceramic fiber material which may be utilized in practicing the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a plan view of an interwoven braided or woven thread or rope comprised of ceramic fiber material which may be utilized in practicing the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a view in perspective of one embodiment of a pontic about to be inserted between adjacent prepared teeth.
  • Figure 4A is a view in perspective of another embodiment of a pontic which may be inserted between adjacent prepared teeth.
  • Figure 5 is a view in perspective of the pontic of Figure 4 inserted between the adjacent prepared teeth and bonded or cemented in place on one side.
  • Figure 6 is a view in perspective of another embodiment of a pontic in accordance with the present invention about to be inserted between adjacent prepared teeth.
  • Figure 6A is a view in perspective of another embodiment of a pontic in accordance with the present invention which may be inserted between adjacent prepared teeth.
  • Figure 7 is a view in perspective of the pontic of Figure 6 mounted between adjacent prepared teeth and bonded or ce ⁇ mented in place on one side.
  • Figure 8 is a view in perspective of another embodiment of a pontic in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a view in perspective of another embodiment of an anterior tooth pontic about to be inserted between adjacent prepared teeth.
  • Figure 10 is a view in perspective of the embodiment of the pontic of Figure 9 inserted between adjacent prepared teeth and cemented in place on one side.
  • Figure 11 is a view in perspective of another embodiment of an anterior tooth pontic about to be inserted between adjacent prepared teeth.
  • Figure 12 is a view in perspective of the embodiment of the pontic of Figure 11 mounted between adjacent prepared teeth and bonded or cemented in place on one side.
  • Figure 13 is a view in perspective of an inlay prepared in accordance with the present invention and about to be inserted into a series of adjacent prepared teeth which may serve to restore missing or unhealthy tooth structure or as a posterior periodontal splint.
  • Figure 14 is a view in perspective of the inlay of Figure 13 mounted within the prepared teeth and cemented in place.
  • Figure 15 is a view in perspective of an anterior peri ⁇ odontal splint or post-orthodontic retainer prepared utilizing ceramic reinforcing fibers in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 16 is a view in perspective of the anterior peri- odontal splint or post-orthodontic retainer applied to anteri ⁇ or teeth.
  • Figure 17 is a front elevation view (palatal view) of a denture base or orthodontic appliance reinforced or repaired with a ceramic fiber material in accordance with the present invention.
  • the present invention is directed to the use of ceramic materials as hereinafter broadly defined in various applica ⁇ tions in dentistry and the specific applications, methods, devices and appliances disclosed herein and their equivalents.
  • the ceramic fiber materials are as dis ⁇ closed and defined in my co-pending United States patent application serial number 07/965,686, the teachings of which have been incorporated herein by reference.
  • the term "ceramic fibers" as used herein in both the specification and claims includes, but is not limited to, fibers made from substantially pure or pure silica, various silicates, metal oxides and other fibers, such as carbon, which are coated or provided with a silica treatment on their surface.
  • Some examples of ceramic fibers which may be uti ⁇ lized in the practicing of the present invention include aluminosilicate fibers and zirconia fibers. Such fibers are commercially available from Imperial Chemical Industries, Ltd. ("ICI") of Wilmington, Delaware.
  • NextelTM high grade ceramic fibers sold under the trademark NextelTM by 3M Corporation.
  • One example of the composition of NextelTM fibers is, by weight, 62% aluminum oxide (A1 2 0 3 ) , 14% boron oxide (B 2 0 3 ) and 24% silicon dioxide
  • Ceramic fibers usable in practicing the present invention are those sold by JPS Glass Fabrics, a division of JPS Converter and Industrial Corporation of Slat ⁇ er, South Carolina, under the trademark AstroquartzTM.
  • the AstroquartzTM ceramic fibers are comprised of substantially pure silica (99.5% Si0 2 ) . These are sometimes referred to as quartz fibers.
  • An example of a fiber treated with silica on its surface is a carbon fiber treated with silica on its surface and sold under the trademark NicalonTM commercially available from Nippon Carbon Co. of Japan, that is, it has a surface of ceramic material and a core of a different materi- al.
  • the ceramic fiber material utilized in practicing the present invention may be woven or braided rope or thread, woven, braided or knitted tape or cloth, uniform or random meshes or any other type of material in tape, sheet, mesh, thread or other form made of ceramic fibers.
  • the sheet mate ⁇ rial may be woven or non-woven. Some examples of these are shown in Figures 1, 2, 2A and 3. There is shown a uniform mesh 10 in Figure 1. A random mesh 12 is shown in Figure 2. A tape 13 is shown in Figure 2A. An interwoven rope in the form of a braid 14 is illustrated in Figure 3.
  • a pontic 16 which is comprised of a heat hardenable material 17, such as porcelain or heat cured composite resin matrix with a ceramic fiber material preferably in the form of a rope 18 which extends laterally from both sides of the pontic.
  • the porce- lain or heat cured composite resin 17 is formed so as to cover the lateral extensions of rope 18 to provide rigid wings 20 and 22 as shown in Figure 4, the lateral rigid wings 20 and 22 may preferably be shaped as shown with a rounded step like structure. However, it is understood that various other shapes of wings may be utilized in practicing the present invention. As may be seen from Figure 4, the adjacent teeth 24 and 26 are prepared by having recesses formed in them of a shape which complements the shape of the wings 20 and 22, respec ⁇ tively.
  • the adjacent teeth 24 and 26 may be pre ⁇ pared, an elastomeric mold may be taken and pontic 16 with its reinforcing ceramic fiber material 18 formed in laboratory utilizing high quality heat hardened materials such as porce ⁇ lain or heat cured composite resins.
  • the pontic may be fabricated on ceramic materials from composite resin materials directly in the mouth.
  • the pontic 16 is inserted between the adjacent prepared teeth 24 and 26 and firmly secured therein utilizing a composite resin or other suitable cementing medium as shown on one side at 28. In practice, the other side would be secured to 24 by use of a composite resin or other suitable cementing medium.
  • FIG 4A shows another embodiment of a pontic 19 in accordance with the present invention which utilizes a ceramic fiber reinforcing material 21 in the form of a tape or mesh.
  • FIGs 6 and 7 there is shown another embodiment of a pontic in accordance with the present inven ⁇ tion wherein pontic 30 is provided with a ceramic fiber rein ⁇ forcement material 32 in the form of a rope or a double rope folded tightly together.
  • the ceramic reinforcement material is mounted in a matrix of heat hardened material 34 such as porcelain or heat cured composite resin.
  • the ceramic fiber reinforcing material extending from pontic 32 is not coated with the hardened material 34 of pontic 30, and remains flexi ⁇ ble until inserted into the adjacent teeth.
  • the adjacent teeth 36 and 38 are prepared by forming recesses therein as shown to accept the flexible wings 40 and 42, respectively, of pontic 30.
  • pontic 30 is inserted between the prepared adjacent teeth 36 and 38 and is secured to the adja ⁇ cent teeth by a suitable composite resin or other suitable cementing medium as shown at 44.
  • Figure 6A shows another embodiment of a pontic 35 in accordance with the present invention wherein the ceramic fiber reinforcing material 33 is in the form of a tape or mesh.
  • FIG 8 there is shown another embodi- ment of a molar pontic 46 which is comprised preferably of a heat hardened material 48 such as porcelain or heat cured composite resins.
  • a heat hardened material 48 such as porcelain or heat cured composite resins.
  • other types of materials other than heat hardened materials may be uti- lized, such as light or chemical cured composite resins and the like, and their use is considered to fall within the scope of the invention.
  • the use of the ceramic fiber support materials herein enables use of the more desirable heat hardened materials such as porcelain and heat curable composite resins. Accordingly, although the description herein may refer on occasion to the preferred heat hardenable materials such as porcelain for convenience, it is understood that all hardenable materials used in dentistry with the ceramic fiber reinforcing materials fall within the scope of this invention.
  • the ceramic material 50 is in the form of a rope which may be in the shape of a figure eight, crossing within pontic 46 such that a loop is formed on each side of pontic 46.
  • Pontic 46 may be mounted between adjacent teeth in a manner similar to that shown with respect to Fig ⁇ ures 6 and 7. Further, it is understood that various other arrangements of the ceramic fiber reinforcing material passing through the pontic may be utilized.
  • Figures 9 through 11 illustrate pontics using the ceramic fiber reinforcing materi- al to form wings in the case of anterior teeth and the mount ⁇ ing into the adjacent prepared teeth. More particularly, Figure 9 shows an anterior tooth pontic 52 having a loop of ceramic fiber reinforcing material 54 passing there-through and - 1 sending on both sides to form flexible " ⁇ " shaped wings. Pontic 52 is mounted into the adjacent prepared teeth 56 and 58 with composite resin or other suitable cementing medium 60 as more particularly illustrated in Figure 10.
  • Figures 11 and 12 illustrate another anterior tooth pontic 62 having flexible ceramic fiber reinforcing rope 64 passing therethrough to form a wing 63 and 65 on each side of pontic 62.
  • Pontic 62 is mounted into prepared adjacent teeth 66 and 68 with composite resin or other suitable cementing medium 70 as illustrated in Figure 12 in a manner similar to that as described with respect to Figures 9 and 10.
  • Figures 9 through 11 illustrate a preferred method of arranging the ceramic fiber reinforcing material in anterior teeth in the vertical plane as contrasted to the arrangement in molars as illustrated in Figures 4 through 8 wherein the arrangement of the ceramic fiber reinforcing material is substantially parallel to the occlusal surface.
  • inlay or onlay periodontal splints to stabilize mobile teeth.
  • This inlay or onlay may also be used to restore teeth.
  • one or more of the centrally disposed teeth, and typically all of the centrally disposed teeth are somewhat mobile, sometimes referred to as loose. In order to stabilize these teeth, as is well known, they may be splinted.
  • the teeth 72 are pre ⁇ pared by forming a grove 74 therein.
  • a mold is then made of the grove and an inlay splint 76 is then fabricated from heat hardenable materials, such as porcelain or heat curable resin, utilizing the ceramic fiber reinforcing material 78 therein.
  • the grove may be lubricated, the splint formed in the grove and then removed for heat treatment.
  • the periodontal splint 76 is then insert- ed within grove 74 of teeth 72 by a suitable composite resin or other suitable cementing medium 80.
  • an anterior periodontal splint or post-orthodontic retainer 82 fabricated utilizing ceramic fibers 84 within a matrix of heat hardenable materials such as porcelain or heat curable compos- ite resin.
  • This anterior periodontal splint or post-orthodon ⁇ tic retainer 82 is then bonded to the anterior teeth 86 as illustrated in Figure 16.
  • the surface of the retainer to be bonded may be etched or abraded to create microporosities and silanated.
  • Figure 17 there is shown the use of ceramic fiber mesh or sheet material 88 utilized to reinforce or repair a denture base or orthodontic appliance.
  • the base 90 of denture 92 is reinforced and/or repaired by using the ceramic mesh 88 with the ceramic materi- al imbedded for added strength.
  • the denture or orthodontic appliance is made of acrylic and the ceramic materials may be abraded or etched with hydrofluoric acid or 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride and silanated to increase adhesion to the acrylic.
  • the mesh or other form of ceramic material may be used to provide added strength or to strength ⁇ en repairs of a damaged denture or other orthodontic appli ⁇ ance.
  • the ceramic fiber materials of the present inven ⁇ tion are utilized in connection with composite resins, it may be desirable to abrade (i.e., by sand blasting, for example) or etch the surface utilizing hydrofluoric acid or acidulated phosphate fluoride to create microporosities in the surface of the ceramic fiber material.
  • the ceramic material may then be silanated using one of the well known silanating materials.
  • suitable coupling agents include vinyltrichlorosilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyl-tris(beta-methoxyethoxy)silane, gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, beta-(3,4 -Epoxycyc- lohexyl)-ethyltrimethoxysilane, qamma-Glycidoxvpropvl-trimeth- oxysilane, qamma-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane, and N-beta-(amin- oethvl)-gamma-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane.

Abstract

Ceramic fiber materials (32), such as ropes and meshes are utilized in the fabrication and reinforcement of various dental appliances, devices and restorations. In one embodiment, ceramic fiber materials (32) are utilized as reinforcement and pontics (30) which are provided with wings (40, 42) which may be flexible or covered with the material of the pontic (30) making them rigid. By using the ceramic fiber materials (32) of the present invention, heat hardened materials (34) may be utilized, such as porcelains and heat cured composite resins, may be utilized to provide pontics (30) and other appliances and devices which are considered by many to be superior to light cured composite resin materials. The ceramic fiber materials (32) may be utilized in various other dental appliances including inlaid periodontal splints, anterior perio-splints and post-orthodontic retainers and as reinforcement or repairs in dentures or orthodontic appliances.

Description

CERAMIC REINFORCED DENTAL APPLIANCES. DEVICES AND RESTORATIONS
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application claims priority of United States appli¬ cation serial number 08/113,563, filed August 26, 1993, by the inventor herein and of United States application serial number 07/965,686 filed October 22, 1992, filed by the inventor herein and entitled Method and Product for Improved Ceramic Fiber Reinforced and Filled Thermoplastic and Thermosetting Resin Systems . The subject matter of this latter application is incorporated herein by reference the same as if set forth at length.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to ceramic reinforced dental appliances, devices and restorations. More particu- larly, the present invention relates to various types of pontics, splints, reinforcements and the like utilizing ceram¬ ic fiber materials, which may be etched and/or silanated in the form of ropes, tapes and meshes which may be utilized in connection with hardenable materials and particularly high temperature materials such as porcelains, heat cured composite resins and heat processed acrylic resins.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Much work has been done in the field of restorative and cosmetic dentistry. For example, attention is directed to the previous work of the inventor herein as described in United
States Patent 5,098,304 - Scharf wherein glass fiber materials in the form of random and uniform meshes, braided and woven rope, thread and other suitable shapes are utilized in compos¬ ite resins for restoring and/or splinting teeth. Other workers in the field have attempted restorative work utilizing other materials, including Shoher, et al. who disclose in United States Patent 4,826,436 the use of pontics using a plurality of flexible metal arm connectors which extend from a common member forming a bridge.
Golub has disclosed the use of silk material in United States Patent 4,728,291 and more recently in United States Patent 5,120,224 disclosed a method of splinting teeth or attaching a pontic using an ultra-thin laminate containing a fabric such as alumina.
However, none of the prior art suggests the structure, materials and improvements provided by the present invention described herein.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is directed to a method of creating reinforced dental appliances, devices or restorations utiliz¬ ing a ceramic fiber material within hardenable materials and particularly heat hardenable materials such as porcelain or heat cured composite resin, as well as the various dental ap¬ pliances and devices such as pontics, splints and denture or orthodontic appliance base reinforcements or repairs utilizing a ceramic reinforcing fiber material within a hardenable material and particularly heat hardened material such as porcelain or heat cured composite resin.
It is understood that the present invention is intended to cover the use of ceramic reinforcing materials within all types of hardenable materials, including, but not limited to, currently available photo, chemical, or heat cured resins or combinations thereof. However, the present invention con¬ cerning the use of the ceramic fiber materials finds particu¬ lar application in connection with materials such as porce¬ lains, heat cured composite resins and materials heat treated for the purpose of hardening.
The present invention includes pontics wherein the ceram¬ ic fiber material extending from the lateral faces of the pontic may be flexible or may be coated with porcelain or heat cured composite resin to form a rigid wing structure. The ceramic fiber material includes all forms of material includ¬ ing braided and woven ropes, tapes, random and uniform meshes and other types of fabric and sheet material. In accordance with the present invention, porcelain or heat cured composite resin splints reinforced with ceramic fiber may be created which may be inlaid into recesses formed in the teeth to be splinted. Additionally, anterior or poste- rior periodontal splints or post-orthodontic retainers may be fabricated utilizing the ceramic fiber reinforcing material within porcelain or a heat cured composite resin for superior results.
The ceramic fiber reinforcement material of the present invention may be utilized to reinforce or repair dentures or orthodontic appliances.
The term ceramic fiber is defined and used herein broadly to include various high temperature glassy type fibers which may be made from pure or substantially pure silica, various silicates, metal oxides and various other fibers provided with a coating or treatment of silica on their surface. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS For the purpose of illustrating the invention, there are shown in the drawings forms which are presently preferred; it being understood, however, that this invention is not limited to the precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown.
Figure 1 is a plan view of a uniform mesh comprised of ceramic fiber material which may be utilized in practicing the present invention. Figure 2 is a plan view of a random mesh comprised of ceramic fiber material which may be utilized in practicing the present invention.
Figure 2A is a plan view of a tape comprised of ceramic fiber material which may be utilized in practicing the present invention.
Figure 3 is a plan view of an interwoven braided or woven thread or rope comprised of ceramic fiber material which may be utilized in practicing the present invention.
Figure 4 is a view in perspective of one embodiment of a pontic about to be inserted between adjacent prepared teeth. Figure 4A is a view in perspective of another embodiment of a pontic which may be inserted between adjacent prepared teeth.
Figure 5 is a view in perspective of the pontic of Figure 4 inserted between the adjacent prepared teeth and bonded or cemented in place on one side. Figure 6 is a view in perspective of another embodiment of a pontic in accordance with the present invention about to be inserted between adjacent prepared teeth.
Figure 6A is a view in perspective of another embodiment of a pontic in accordance with the present invention which may be inserted between adjacent prepared teeth.
Figure 7 is a view in perspective of the pontic of Figure 6 mounted between adjacent prepared teeth and bonded or ce¬ mented in place on one side.
Figure 8 is a view in perspective of another embodiment of a pontic in accordance with the present invention.
Figure 9 is a view in perspective of another embodiment of an anterior tooth pontic about to be inserted between adjacent prepared teeth.
Figure 10 is a view in perspective of the embodiment of the pontic of Figure 9 inserted between adjacent prepared teeth and cemented in place on one side.
Figure 11 is a view in perspective of another embodiment of an anterior tooth pontic about to be inserted between adjacent prepared teeth. Figure 12 is a view in perspective of the embodiment of the pontic of Figure 11 mounted between adjacent prepared teeth and bonded or cemented in place on one side.
Figure 13 is a view in perspective of an inlay prepared in accordance with the present invention and about to be inserted into a series of adjacent prepared teeth which may serve to restore missing or unhealthy tooth structure or as a posterior periodontal splint.
Figure 14 is a view in perspective of the inlay of Figure 13 mounted within the prepared teeth and cemented in place. Figure 15 is a view in perspective of an anterior peri¬ odontal splint or post-orthodontic retainer prepared utilizing ceramic reinforcing fibers in accordance with the present invention.
Figure 16 is a view in perspective of the anterior peri- odontal splint or post-orthodontic retainer applied to anteri¬ or teeth. Figure 17 is a front elevation view (palatal view) of a denture base or orthodontic appliance reinforced or repaired with a ceramic fiber material in accordance with the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Referring now to the drawings, wherein like numerals indicate like elements, there is shown in Figures 1, 2, 2A and 3 some of the various forms of ceramic materials which may be utilized in practicing the present invention.
The present invention is directed to the use of ceramic materials as hereinafter broadly defined in various applica¬ tions in dentistry and the specific applications, methods, devices and appliances disclosed herein and their equivalents.
As used herein, the ceramic fiber materials are as dis¬ closed and defined in my co-pending United States patent application serial number 07/965,686, the teachings of which have been incorporated herein by reference. Briefly and basically, the term "ceramic fibers" as used herein in both the specification and claims includes, but is not limited to, fibers made from substantially pure or pure silica, various silicates, metal oxides and other fibers, such as carbon, which are coated or provided with a silica treatment on their surface. Some examples of ceramic fibers which may be uti¬ lized in the practicing of the present invention include aluminosilicate fibers and zirconia fibers. Such fibers are commercially available from Imperial Chemical Industries, Ltd. ("ICI") of Wilmington, Delaware. Other ceramic fibers which are currently available include high grade ceramic fibers sold under the trademark Nextel™ by 3M Corporation. One example of the composition of Nextel™ fibers is, by weight, 62% aluminum oxide (A1203) , 14% boron oxide (B203) and 24% silicon dioxide
(Si02) . Another example of ceramic fibers usable in practicing the present invention are those sold by JPS Glass Fabrics, a division of JPS Converter and Industrial Corporation of Slat¬ er, South Carolina, under the trademark Astroquartz™. The Astroquartz™ ceramic fibers are comprised of substantially pure silica (99.5% Si02) . These are sometimes referred to as quartz fibers. An example of a fiber treated with silica on its surface is a carbon fiber treated with silica on its surface and sold under the trademark Nicalon™ commercially available from Nippon Carbon Co. of Japan, that is, it has a surface of ceramic material and a core of a different materi- al.
The ceramic fiber material utilized in practicing the present invention may be woven or braided rope or thread, woven, braided or knitted tape or cloth, uniform or random meshes or any other type of material in tape, sheet, mesh, thread or other form made of ceramic fibers. The sheet mate¬ rial may be woven or non-woven. Some examples of these are shown in Figures 1, 2, 2A and 3. There is shown a uniform mesh 10 in Figure 1. A random mesh 12 is shown in Figure 2. A tape 13 is shown in Figure 2A. An interwoven rope in the form of a braid 14 is illustrated in Figure 3.
The ceramic fibers utilized in practicing the present invention have a significantly higher temperature rating than the fiberglass materials disclosed in my previous patent 5,098,304, and accordingly the ceramic fibers of the present invention may be utilized more readily in dental applications utilizing porcelain and heat cured composite resins and other heat hardened materials which are considered by the profession to have superior aesthetic qualities and are considered to be more durable and more permanent. Referring now to Figure 4, there is shown a pontic 16 which is comprised of a heat hardenable material 17, such as porcelain or heat cured composite resin matrix with a ceramic fiber material preferably in the form of a rope 18 which extends laterally from both sides of the pontic. The porce- lain or heat cured composite resin 17 is formed so as to cover the lateral extensions of rope 18 to provide rigid wings 20 and 22 as shown in Figure 4, the lateral rigid wings 20 and 22 may preferably be shaped as shown with a rounded step like structure. However, it is understood that various other shapes of wings may be utilized in practicing the present invention. As may be seen from Figure 4, the adjacent teeth 24 and 26 are prepared by having recesses formed in them of a shape which complements the shape of the wings 20 and 22, respec¬ tively. In practice, the adjacent teeth 24 and 26 may be pre¬ pared, an elastomeric mold may be taken and pontic 16 with its reinforcing ceramic fiber material 18 formed in laboratory utilizing high quality heat hardened materials such as porce¬ lain or heat cured composite resins. Alternatively, the pontic may be fabricated on ceramic materials from composite resin materials directly in the mouth. As may be seen in Figure 5, the pontic 16 is inserted between the adjacent prepared teeth 24 and 26 and firmly secured therein utilizing a composite resin or other suitable cementing medium as shown on one side at 28. In practice, the other side would be secured to 24 by use of a composite resin or other suitable cementing medium.
Figure 4A shows another embodiment of a pontic 19 in accordance with the present invention which utilizes a ceramic fiber reinforcing material 21 in the form of a tape or mesh. Referring now to Figures 6 and 7, there is shown another embodiment of a pontic in accordance with the present inven¬ tion wherein pontic 30 is provided with a ceramic fiber rein¬ forcement material 32 in the form of a rope or a double rope folded tightly together. The ceramic reinforcement material is mounted in a matrix of heat hardened material 34 such as porcelain or heat cured composite resin. The ceramic fiber reinforcing material extending from pontic 32 is not coated with the hardened material 34 of pontic 30, and remains flexi¬ ble until inserted into the adjacent teeth. The adjacent teeth 36 and 38 are prepared by forming recesses therein as shown to accept the flexible wings 40 and 42, respectively, of pontic 30. As shown in Figure 7, pontic 30 is inserted between the prepared adjacent teeth 36 and 38 and is secured to the adja¬ cent teeth by a suitable composite resin or other suitable cementing medium as shown at 44. Figure 6A shows another embodiment of a pontic 35 in accordance with the present invention wherein the ceramic fiber reinforcing material 33 is in the form of a tape or mesh.
Referring now to Figure 8, there is shown another embodi- ment of a molar pontic 46 which is comprised preferably of a heat hardened material 48 such as porcelain or heat cured composite resins. However, it is understood that with respect to all of the embodiments contained herein, that other types of materials other than heat hardened materials may be uti- lized, such as light or chemical cured composite resins and the like, and their use is considered to fall within the scope of the invention. However, the use of the ceramic fiber support materials herein enables use of the more desirable heat hardened materials such as porcelain and heat curable composite resins. Accordingly, although the description herein may refer on occasion to the preferred heat hardenable materials such as porcelain for convenience, it is understood that all hardenable materials used in dentistry with the ceramic fiber reinforcing materials fall within the scope of this invention.
As shown in Figure 8, the ceramic material 50 is in the form of a rope which may be in the shape of a figure eight, crossing within pontic 46 such that a loop is formed on each side of pontic 46. Pontic 46 may be mounted between adjacent teeth in a manner similar to that shown with respect to Fig¬ ures 6 and 7. Further, it is understood that various other arrangements of the ceramic fiber reinforcing material passing through the pontic may be utilized. Figures 9 through 11 illustrate pontics using the ceramic fiber reinforcing materi- al to form wings in the case of anterior teeth and the mount¬ ing into the adjacent prepared teeth. More particularly, Figure 9 shows an anterior tooth pontic 52 having a loop of ceramic fiber reinforcing material 54 passing there-through and -1 sending on both sides to form flexible "ϋ" shaped wings. Pontic 52 is mounted into the adjacent prepared teeth 56 and 58 with composite resin or other suitable cementing medium 60 as more particularly illustrated in Figure 10.
Figures 11 and 12 illustrate another anterior tooth pontic 62 having flexible ceramic fiber reinforcing rope 64 passing therethrough to form a wing 63 and 65 on each side of pontic 62. Pontic 62 is mounted into prepared adjacent teeth 66 and 68 with composite resin or other suitable cementing medium 70 as illustrated in Figure 12 in a manner similar to that as described with respect to Figures 9 and 10.
Figures 9 through 11 illustrate a preferred method of arranging the ceramic fiber reinforcing material in anterior teeth in the vertical plane as contrasted to the arrangement in molars as illustrated in Figures 4 through 8 wherein the arrangement of the ceramic fiber reinforcing material is substantially parallel to the occlusal surface.
Referring now to Figures 13 and 14, there is illustrated the use of the ceramic fiber reinforcing material to form either inlay or onlay periodontal splints to stabilize mobile teeth. This inlay or onlay may also be used to restore teeth. In Figure 13, one or more of the centrally disposed teeth, and typically all of the centrally disposed teeth are somewhat mobile, sometimes referred to as loose. In order to stabilize these teeth, as is well known, they may be splinted. In accordance with the present invention, the teeth 72 are pre¬ pared by forming a grove 74 therein. A mold is then made of the grove and an inlay splint 76 is then fabricated from heat hardenable materials, such as porcelain or heat curable resin, utilizing the ceramic fiber reinforcing material 78 therein. Alternatively, the grove may be lubricated, the splint formed in the grove and then removed for heat treatment. As illus¬ trated in Figure 14, the periodontal splint 76 is then insert- ed within grove 74 of teeth 72 by a suitable composite resin or other suitable cementing medium 80. Referring now to Figures 15 and 16, there is shown an anterior periodontal splint or post-orthodontic retainer 82 fabricated utilizing ceramic fibers 84 within a matrix of heat hardenable materials such as porcelain or heat curable compos- ite resin. This anterior periodontal splint or post-orthodon¬ tic retainer 82 is then bonded to the anterior teeth 86 as illustrated in Figure 16. Prior to bonding to the teeth, the surface of the retainer to be bonded may be etched or abraded to create microporosities and silanated. Referring now to Figure 17, there is shown the use of ceramic fiber mesh or sheet material 88 utilized to reinforce or repair a denture base or orthodontic appliance. As shown in Figure 17, the base 90 of denture 92 is reinforced and/or repaired by using the ceramic mesh 88 with the ceramic materi- al imbedded for added strength. Typically, the denture or orthodontic appliance is made of acrylic and the ceramic materials may be abraded or etched with hydrofluoric acid or 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride and silanated to increase adhesion to the acrylic. The mesh or other form of ceramic material may be used to provide added strength or to strength¬ en repairs of a damaged denture or other orthodontic appli¬ ance.
Where the ceramic fiber materials of the present inven¬ tion are utilized in connection with composite resins, it may be desirable to abrade (i.e., by sand blasting, for example) or etch the surface utilizing hydrofluoric acid or acidulated phosphate fluoride to create microporosities in the surface of the ceramic fiber material. The ceramic material may then be silanated using one of the well known silanating materials. Some examples of suitable coupling agents, and particularly the organo-functional silanes, include vinyltrichlorosilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyl-tris(beta-methoxyethoxy)silane, gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, beta-(3,4 -Epoxycyc- lohexyl)-ethyltrimethoxysilane, qamma-Glycidoxvpropvl-trimeth- oxysilane, qamma-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane, and N-beta-(amin- oethvl)-gamma-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane. However, it is understood that the abrading or etching of the ceramic materi- als and the treatment with silane is not an essential element of the invention described and claimed herein, and that the invention covered by the claims herein is intended to cover the invention whether or not microporosities are created by abrading or etching the surface of the ceramic fibers and whether or not a silane coupling agent is utilized.
In view of the above, the present invention may be embod¬ ied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof and, accordingly, reference should be made to the appended claims, rather than to the foregoing specification as indicating the scope of the inven¬ tion.

Claims

CLAIMS I claim:
1. A method of creating reinforced dental appliances, devices, or restorations, comprising the step of: utilizing a ceramic fiber material within a hardenable material.
2. A method in accordance with Claim 1 wherein said hardenable material is porcelain.
3. A method in accordance with Claim 1 wherein said hardenable material is a heat cured composite resin.
4. A method in accordance with Claim 1 wherein said hardenable material is a light curable composite resin.
5. A method in accordance with Claim 1 wherein said hardenable material is a chemical cured composite resin.
6. A method in accordance with Claim 1 wherein said hardenable material is a composite resin utilizing a combina¬ tion of curing modalities.
7. A dental appliance, device or restoration, compris- ing: a ceramic reinforcing fiber material within a hardenable material matrix.
8. A dental appliance, device or restoration in accor¬ dance with Claim 7 wherein said hardenable material matrix is comprised of porcelain.
9. A dental appliance, device or restoration in accor¬ dance with Claim 7 wherein said hardenable material matrix is a heat cured composite resin.
10. A dental appliance, device or restoration in accor- dance with Claim 7 wherein said hardenable material matrix is a light cured composite resin.
11. A dental appliance, device or restoration in accor¬ dance with Claim 7 wherein said hardenable material matrix is a chemical cured composite resin.
12. A dental appliance, device or restoration in accor¬ dance with Claim 7 wherein said hardenable material matrix is a composite resin cured by a combination of modalities.
13. A dental appliance, device or restoration in accor¬ dance Claim 7 wherein said ceramic reinforcing fiber material is within a heat cured composite resin matrix and is silana¬ ted.
14. A dental appliance, device or restoration in accor¬ dance Claim 7 wherein said ceramic reinforcing fiber material is in the form of a rope.
15. A dental appliance, device or restoration in accor¬ dance Claim 14 wherein said rope is braided.
16. A dental appliance, device or restoration in accor¬ dance with Claim 14 wherein said rope is woven.
17. A dental appliance, device or restoration in accor¬ dance with Claim 7 wherein said ceramic reinforcing fiber material is in the form of a tape.
18. A dental appliance, device or restoration in accor¬ dance with Claim 7 wherein said ceramic reinforcing fiber material is in the form of a mesh.
19. A dental appliance, device or restoration in accor¬ dance with Claim 18 wherein said mesh is a random mesh.
20. A dental appliance, device or restoration in accor¬ dance with Claim 18 wherein said mesh is a uniform grid like mesh.
21. A dental restorative device, comprising: a pontic for replacement of one or more teeth; said pontic being comprised of a heat hardened material; a ceramic fiber material contained within said pontic for reinforcement; and said ceramic fiber material extending from opposite sides of said pontic.
22. A dental restorative device in accordance with Claim 21 wherein said ceramic fiber material extending from the sides of said pontic is flexible.
23. A dental restorative device in accordance with Claim 21 wherein said heat hardened material is porcelain.
24. A dental restorative device in accordance with Claim 21 wherein said ceramic fiber material extending from the sides of said pontic is covered with said heat hardened mate¬ rial forming rigid wings.
25. A dental restorative device in accordance with Claim 21 wherein said heat hardened material is a heat cured compos- ite resin.
26. A dental restorative device in accordance with Claim 21 wherein said ceramic fiber material extending from opposite sides of said pontic is in the form of unitary wings.
27. A dental restorative device in accordance with Claim 21 wherein said ceramic fiber material extending from opposite sides of said pontic is in the form of "U" shaped members.
28. A dental restorative device in accordance with Claim 21 wherein said ceramic fiber material contained within said pontic and extending from opposite sides thereof is in the form of a continuous loop of ceramic fiber material extending from each side of the pontic.
29. A dental restorative device in accordance with Claim 21 wherein ceramic fiber material extending from opposite sides of said pontic is in the vertical plane of a pontic for replacement of an anterior tooth.
30. A dental restorative device in accordance with Claim 21 wherein said ceramic fiber material extending from opposite sides of said pontic is oriented in a plane parallel to the occlusive surface where the pontic is for replacement of a molar.
31. A method of splinting mobile teeth utilizing an inlay-onlay periodontal splint, comprising the steps of: preparing a recess into the teeth to be splint¬ ed; preparing a splint to be placed in the recess utilizing a ceramic fiber material contained within a heat hardened material matrix; and cementing the splint into the prepared recess in the teeth.
32. A method in accordance with Claim 31 wherein said heat hardened material is porcelain.
33. A method in accordance with Claim 31 wherein said heat hardened material is a heat cured composite resin.
34. An inlay-onlay periodontal splint comprised of: a heat hardened material containing a ceramic fiber material for reinforcement.
35. An inlay-onlay splint in accordance with Claim 34 wherein said heat hardened material is porcelain.
36. An inlay-onlay splint in accordance with Claim 34 wherein said heat hardened material is a heat cured resin.
37. An anterior periodontal-splint or post-orthodontic retainer comprised of a heat hardened material containing a ceramic fiber material for reinforcement wherein said heat hardened material is formed to one of the surfaces of a plu¬ rality of anterior teeth.
38. A method of reinforcing or repairing a denture or orthodontic appliance base, comprising a step of imbedding a ceramic fiber reinforcement material within an acrylic applied to the base of the denture or orthodontic appliance for rein¬ forcement.
PCT/US1993/009341 1992-10-22 1993-10-01 Ceramic reinforced dental appliances, devices and restorations WO1994008783A1 (en)

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US07/965,686 1992-10-22
US07/965,686 US5425640A (en) 1992-10-22 1992-10-22 Method and product for improved ceramic fiber reinforced and filled thermoplastic and thermosetting resin systems
US11356393A 1993-08-26 1993-08-26
US08/113,563 1993-08-26

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WO1998019621A1 (en) * 1996-11-07 1998-05-14 Dental Labor Casellini Mauro Ag Stratified material for support parts for dental prosthesis, support parts and method for the production of a support part
US5788498A (en) * 1995-12-19 1998-08-04 Ivoclar Ag Method for manufacturing dental crowns
US6186790B1 (en) * 1998-04-13 2001-02-13 Jeneric/Pentron Incorporated Prefabricated components for dental appliances
WO2001015620A1 (en) * 1999-09-02 2001-03-08 Jeneric/Pentron Incorporated Method for manufacturing dental restorations
US6200136B1 (en) * 1998-08-07 2001-03-13 Jeneric/Pentron Incorporated Fiber-reinforced dental bridge and method of manufacture thereof
DE10049971A1 (en) * 2000-10-06 2002-04-11 Wieland Edelmetalle Ceramic dental articles such as crowns are made by electrophoretic deposition of a particle dispersion onto a shaped electrode and are strengthened by inclusion of ceramic fibers and/or nanocrystalline particles
US6599125B1 (en) 1999-08-27 2003-07-29 University Of Connecticut Prefabricated components for dental appliances
EP1628592A2 (en) * 2003-05-09 2006-03-01 Bisco, Inc. Dental fiber reinforced structures
DE102005059922A1 (en) * 2005-11-08 2007-05-16 Hinz Labor Fachlaboratorium Fu treatment device
WO2009006313A1 (en) * 2007-06-29 2009-01-08 Synthes (U.S.A.) Improved orthopedic implants for use with precision bone resurfacing instrumentation
EP3017786A1 (en) * 2014-11-04 2016-05-11 Ivoclar Vivadent AG Single or multiple body dental restoration, and method for the production of same
TWI667998B (en) * 2017-04-26 2019-08-11 捷鈦生醫股份有限公司 Reinforced resin-retained bridge
KR102070165B1 (en) * 2018-08-24 2020-01-28 고려대학교 산학협력단 Reinforced resin inlay and Method of manufacturing for the same

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Cited By (24)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5788498A (en) * 1995-12-19 1998-08-04 Ivoclar Ag Method for manufacturing dental crowns
AU713298B2 (en) * 1995-12-19 1999-11-25 Ivoclar Ag Method for manufacturing dental crowns and/or dental bridges
US6220862B1 (en) 1996-11-07 2001-04-24 Fernando Casellini Stratified materials used in dental prostheses
WO1998019621A1 (en) * 1996-11-07 1998-05-14 Dental Labor Casellini Mauro Ag Stratified material for support parts for dental prosthesis, support parts and method for the production of a support part
US6186790B1 (en) * 1998-04-13 2001-02-13 Jeneric/Pentron Incorporated Prefabricated components for dental appliances
US6200136B1 (en) * 1998-08-07 2001-03-13 Jeneric/Pentron Incorporated Fiber-reinforced dental bridge and method of manufacture thereof
US6599125B1 (en) 1999-08-27 2003-07-29 University Of Connecticut Prefabricated components for dental appliances
WO2001015620A1 (en) * 1999-09-02 2001-03-08 Jeneric/Pentron Incorporated Method for manufacturing dental restorations
US6648645B1 (en) 1999-09-02 2003-11-18 Jeneric/Pentron Incorporated Method for manufacturing dental restorations
DE10049971A1 (en) * 2000-10-06 2002-04-11 Wieland Edelmetalle Ceramic dental articles such as crowns are made by electrophoretic deposition of a particle dispersion onto a shaped electrode and are strengthened by inclusion of ceramic fibers and/or nanocrystalline particles
EP1628592A2 (en) * 2003-05-09 2006-03-01 Bisco, Inc. Dental fiber reinforced structures
JP2006528683A (en) * 2003-05-09 2006-12-21 ビスコ インコーポレイテッド Dental fiber reinforced structure
EP1628592A4 (en) * 2003-05-09 2009-04-01 Bisco Inc Dental fiber reinforced structures
DE102005059922A1 (en) * 2005-11-08 2007-05-16 Hinz Labor Fachlaboratorium Fu treatment device
DE102005059922B4 (en) * 2005-11-08 2010-03-25 Dr. Hinz Labor, Fachlaboratorium für Kieferorthopädie GmbH & Co. KG Method for producing a retainer or gap holder
WO2009006313A1 (en) * 2007-06-29 2009-01-08 Synthes (U.S.A.) Improved orthopedic implants for use with precision bone resurfacing instrumentation
JP2010532229A (en) * 2007-06-29 2010-10-07 ジンテス ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング Improved orthopedic implant for use with precision bone surface finishing instruments
EP3017786A1 (en) * 2014-11-04 2016-05-11 Ivoclar Vivadent AG Single or multiple body dental restoration, and method for the production of same
WO2016071328A1 (en) * 2014-11-04 2016-05-12 Ivoclar Vivadent Ag Single- or multiple-unit dental restoration and method for producing same
US10624721B2 (en) 2014-11-04 2020-04-21 Ivoclar Vivadent Ag Single- or multi-unit dental restoration, and method of producing the same
US11540908B2 (en) 2014-11-04 2023-01-03 Ivoclar Vivadent Ag Single- or multi-unit dental restoration, and method of producing the same
TWI667998B (en) * 2017-04-26 2019-08-11 捷鈦生醫股份有限公司 Reinforced resin-retained bridge
US10980620B2 (en) 2017-04-26 2021-04-20 Joy Medical Devices Corporation Reinforced resin-retained bridge
KR102070165B1 (en) * 2018-08-24 2020-01-28 고려대학교 산학협력단 Reinforced resin inlay and Method of manufacturing for the same

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