USRE43747E1 - Method and system for image processing - Google Patents
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- USRE43747E1 USRE43747E1 US11/487,579 US48757906A USRE43747E US RE43747 E1 USRE43747 E1 US RE43747E1 US 48757906 A US48757906 A US 48757906A US RE43747 E USRE43747 E US RE43747E
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T1/00—General purpose image data processing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T3/00—Geometric image transformation in the plane of the image
- G06T3/40—Scaling the whole image or part thereof
- G06T3/4007—Interpolation-based scaling, e.g. bilinear interpolation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T11/00—2D [Two Dimensional] image generation
- G06T11/60—Editing figures and text; Combining figures or text
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T3/00—Geometric image transformation in the plane of the image
-
- G06T3/02—
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T3/00—Geometric image transformation in the plane of the image
- G06T3/40—Scaling the whole image or part thereof
- G06T3/4092—Image resolution transcoding, e.g. client/server architecture
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Image Processing (AREA)
- Processing Or Creating Images (AREA)
- Editing Of Facsimile Originals (AREA)
- Closed-Circuit Television Systems (AREA)
- Image Analysis (AREA)
- Threshing Machine Elements (AREA)
- Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
-
- fn(x,y)=a combination of one or more of such components as:
- external image(s)
- position independent terms
- position dependent terms
- fn−1(x,y) or prior layers
Where fn(x,y) is the color value of a point of an image, in an arbitrary color space (e.g. RGB, or CMYK), at a layer n.
- fn(x,y)=a combination of one or more of such components as:
or approximately 1.3 times the original file size.
-
- 1) The original image, in a standard or proprietary image format is opened (i.e., accessed on a storage device).
- 2) The original image is used to create the first, full resolution image in the IVUE file. It is preferably stored as a succession of p pixel×q pixel rectangles. Each rectangle then contains p×q pixels, that is each rectangle can be considered as a series of p rows, each containing q pixels. The rectangles are stored sequentially on disk and for each square (to simplify further) the rows are stored sequential (
row 1,row 2,row 3, . . . row p). (SeeFIGS. 4A , 4B and 5 for organization of rectangles). Each rectangle may be encoded using JPEG or another compression scheme. - 3) A subsequent, reduced resolution image is created from the previous image, if there are more than p×q pixels in the previous image. Essentially, a neighborhood of pixels in the original image are averaged to provide a single pixel in the second image. The image is reduced in each dimension, x and y, by a factor of 2 (or whatever is selected) yielding a 4 to 1 reduction in size for the subimage.
fn+1(i,j)=∫(x,y)·fn(x,y)dxdy
in which:
- (x,y) is an arbitrary probability density function integrating over the entire space of real numbers, i.e. a weighting function, that takes into account the contribution of the neighboring area. Thus we may consider (x,y)εν(2i,2j) or a selection of elements in the vicinity.
- ε is an element of.
- ν is a neighborhood of, and thus ν(i,j) is the neighboring area of the point i,j.
fn+1(i,j)=½(fn(2i,2j))+⅛(fn(2i−1,2j))+⅛(fn(2i,+1,2j))+⅛(fn(2i,2j−1))+⅛(fn(2i,2j+1))
fn+1(i,j)=∫ 2i2j(x,y)·fn(x,y)dxdy
where
1=∫ ij(x,y)dxdy for all (i,j)
and
0< ij(x,y)<1 for all (x,y)
-
- 4) The third step may be repeated, creating a sucession of images, each (say) ¼ the size of the last, until a subimage of less than p×q pixels is created. This is the last subimage. If this last subimage contains less than p×q pixels, the remaining pixels may be filled from the neighboring squares or may be set to 0.
- 5) The entire image format is saved on a storage device.
-
- Based on the area of the image to be raster image processed (RIP'ed), which is generally determined by the operator, a definition grid is constructed in such a way as to retain, from all the pixels to be processed, points equal at the most to the number that can be displayed on the monitor screen, For fast processing, a ratio of 1 dot to 16 pixels can be used. The area to be RIP'ed refers to a portion or all of the image to be displayed or processed for printing. The objective is to compute the color value resulting from the superposition of a series of layers. The color value is in an arbitrary color space. Commonly, this is in either the colorspace named RGB, defined by the three primaries red, green, blue, or in CMYK, defined by the three colors cyan, magenta, yellow and an additional value for black.
- For one point in each definition grid, the general expression for the color value of that point is computed. In practice, a simplified form of the general expression is generally used that can describe most image editing actions. This form is termed “elementary operation” and it has the advantage of being relative simple to compute.
-
- first, the adoption in the new layer (i) of a color dot (x,y) from the previous layer (i−1) with a weighing (αi) ranging from −100% to 100% (i.e., margins from +1 to −1 and including positive and negative value),
- second, the importing of an external image (Ii) into the layer i, that is, the importing of a color dot from the image (ii), after chromatic and geometric transformation (Pi(x,y)) of this dot to add it to the color dot (x,y) of the layer (i), the degree of replacement of the dot of the layer (i) by the dot imported from the image (Ii) being defined by a scalar β(x,y) with values from −100% to 100%.
- third, an additional color term γi(x,y) applied to the dot (x,y) of the layer (i). This term may take into account painting or other chromatic effects.
- each elementary operation (i) being defined by the equation taking account of the previous layer or operation (i−1):
in which:
φi(x,y)=αi(x,y)·φi−1(x,y)+βi(x,y)Ii[Pi(x,y)]+γi(x,y)
or alternatively:
where
φi(x,y)=αi(x,y)·φi−1(x,y)+Ii[Pi(x,y)]+γi(x,y)
- each elementary operation (i) being defined by the equation taking account of the previous layer or operation (i−1):
- αi(x,y) is a scalar function of the dot (x,y) corresponding to the presence at this dot of the image resulting from the previous elementary operation φi−1(x,y),
- φi−1(x,y) is a function representing the previous elementary operation,
- βi(x,y) is scalar function corresponding to the presence at dot (x,y) of a dot corresponding to the imported image,
- Ii represents the imported image made up of a set of dots,
- Pi(x,y) represents geometric transforms, including rotation, scaling, distortion and may also include chromatic transforms of imported dot x,y,
- γi(x,y) is an additional position dependent term that can affect the color value of pixel (x,y),
- Each of the terms φi(x,y) Ii[Pi(x,y)] and γi(x,y) may be nil, while the term αi(x,y) φi−1(x,y) should generally never be nil for all the dots (x,y). There is generally no part in observing all of the prior image.
-
- q=number of imported images that make a visible contribution at point x,y, in this global function:
- αj(x,y) is a scalar analogous to the scalar αi(x,y) of a elementary function and αj(x,y).neq. 0 (not equal to zero at at least one point).
- Ij represents an image or layer j to import
- Pj(x,y) is Pi an import function analogous to the previous import functions Pi(x,y)
- γ(x,y) is a chromatic function analogous to chromatic functions γi(x,y),
- in this procedure, the global function can be generated, but not yet computed, for one point within each grid (depicted in
FIG. 4 ). - since the grid represents a subset of the pixels required for the RIP, it is necessary to generate the remaining points, within each grid. For each additional point in the grid a new function is created by interpolating the function between the two nearest points where the global function has been computed. This process is termed functional interpolation. The simplest form of the function is to created a weighted average based on distance.
- in this procedure, the global function can be generated, but not yet computed, for one point within each grid (depicted in
-
- the functions that have been obtained for each pixel, some being global functions and some being interpolated functions, are calculated for each pixel.
-
- (a) sampling an original image to be processed with a definition grid so as to retain a predetermined number of dots from all of the dots contained within the original image, the predetermined number being approximately equal to the number that can be displayed on a monitor screen to obtain a resulting image; and
- (b) processing the resulting image into elementary recurrent operations each broken down into three parts and providing, based on the result of the previous elementary operation, these three parts added to each other representing:
- first, adopting color dot at position coordinates (x,y) in the new layer (i) from previous layer (i−1) with a weighing (αi) ranging from 0 to ±100%,
- second, importing a color dot from external image (Ii) into the layer i, after any desired chromatic and geometric transformation (Pi(x,y)) of this dot to add it to the color dot (x,y) of the layer (i), the degree of replacement of the dot of the layer (i) by the dot imported from the image (Ii) being defined by a scaler (βi(x,y)) with values from 0 to ±100%, and
- third, chromatically modifying (γi(x,y)) on dot (x,y) of layer (i),
- each elementary operation (i) being defined by the equation
φi(x,y)=αi(x,y)·φi−1(x,y)+βi(x,y)·Ii[Pi(x,y)]+γi(x,y)
taking account of the previous operation (i−1),
-
- αi(x,y) is a scaler function of the dot (x,y) corresponding to the presence at this dot of the image resulting from the previous elementary operation φi−1(x,y),
- φi−1(x,y) is a function representing the previous elementary operation,
- βi(x,y) is scaler function corresponding to the presence at dot (x,y) of a dot corresponding to the imported image,
- Ii represents the imported image made up of a set of dots,
- Pi(x,y) is the function of image import representing the chromatic geometric transfer of one of the set of dots in the image towards the layer (i), to which is applied the elementary operation φi(x,y),
- Ii[Pi(x,y)] is the function corresponding to the import of the image,
- γi(x,y) is a chromatic function representing a color transformation function carried out on a dot (x,y),
- each of the terms βiIipPi(x,y)] and γi(x,y) can be zero while the term αi(x,y) φi−1(x,y) is normally never zero for all the dots (x,y);
- the elementary operations are effected to obtain a function representing i first elementary operations to obtain a function whose parameters are defined at all the dots of the definition grid
-
- wherein,
- q=number of imported images,
- αj(x,y) is a scaler analogous to the scaler αi(x,y) of a elementary function,
- Ij represents an image j to import,
- Pj(x,y) is an import function analogous to the previous import functions Pi(x,y),
- γ(x,y) is a chromatic function analogous to chromatic functions γi(x,y),
- the global function being defined by interpolating it at the intermediate dots between the dots of the definition grid, these intermediate dots depending on the definition required for the final image, the pixels being calculated for each dot to be obtained.
-
- this equation becomes the following:
and the general equation becomes the following:
φi(x,y)=αi(x,y)φi−1(x,y)+[1−αi(x,y)]·C
φi(x,y)=αi(x,y)φi−1(x,y)+
3) Lightening/Darkening
φi(x,y)=αi(x,y)·φi−1(x,y)+βi(x,y)Ii(Pi(x,y))+γi(x,y)
in which:
We obtain:
φi(x,y)=φi−1(x,y)+γi(x,y)
4) Deformation/Anamorphosis
φi(x,y)=αi(x,y)φi−1(x,y)+
Claims (20)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/487,579 USRE43747E1 (en) | 1993-03-25 | 2006-07-13 | Method and system for image processing |
Applications Claiming Priority (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9303455A FR2703170B1 (en) | 1993-03-25 | 1993-03-25 | Method for processing an image in a computerized system. |
FR9303455 | 1993-03-25 | ||
US8553493A | 1993-06-30 | 1993-06-30 | |
US08/327,421 US5790708A (en) | 1993-03-25 | 1994-10-21 | Procedure for image processing in a computerized system |
US08/933,798 US6181836B1 (en) | 1993-03-25 | 1997-09-19 | Method and system for non-destructive image editing |
US09/712,019 US6512855B1 (en) | 1993-03-25 | 2000-11-13 | Method and system for image processing |
US10/104,936 US6763146B2 (en) | 1993-03-25 | 2002-03-21 | Method and system for image processing |
US11/487,579 USRE43747E1 (en) | 1993-03-25 | 2006-07-13 | Method and system for image processing |
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US10/104,936 Reissue US6763146B2 (en) | 1993-03-25 | 2002-03-21 | Method and system for image processing |
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USRE43747E1 true USRE43747E1 (en) | 2012-10-16 |
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US08/525,715 Expired - Fee Related US5907640A (en) | 1993-03-25 | 1994-03-25 | Functional interpolating transformation system for image processing |
US08/327,421 Expired - Lifetime US5790708A (en) | 1993-03-25 | 1994-10-21 | Procedure for image processing in a computerized system |
US08/933,798 Expired - Lifetime US6181836B1 (en) | 1993-03-25 | 1997-09-19 | Method and system for non-destructive image editing |
US09/712,019 Expired - Fee Related US6512855B1 (en) | 1993-03-25 | 2000-11-13 | Method and system for image processing |
US10/104,936 Ceased US6763146B2 (en) | 1993-03-25 | 2002-03-21 | Method and system for image processing |
US11/487,579 Expired - Fee Related USRE43747E1 (en) | 1993-03-25 | 2006-07-13 | Method and system for image processing |
Family Applications Before (5)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US08/525,715 Expired - Fee Related US5907640A (en) | 1993-03-25 | 1994-03-25 | Functional interpolating transformation system for image processing |
US08/327,421 Expired - Lifetime US5790708A (en) | 1993-03-25 | 1994-10-21 | Procedure for image processing in a computerized system |
US08/933,798 Expired - Lifetime US6181836B1 (en) | 1993-03-25 | 1997-09-19 | Method and system for non-destructive image editing |
US09/712,019 Expired - Fee Related US6512855B1 (en) | 1993-03-25 | 2000-11-13 | Method and system for image processing |
US10/104,936 Ceased US6763146B2 (en) | 1993-03-25 | 2002-03-21 | Method and system for image processing |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
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US (6) | US5907640A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0691011B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH08510851A (en) |
KR (1) | KR100320298B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1147822C (en) |
AT (1) | ATE223601T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU690551B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2158988C (en) |
DE (1) | DE69431294T2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1994022101A2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
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US20140160279A1 (en) * | 2012-12-06 | 2014-06-12 | The Boeing Company | Multiple-Scale Digital Image Correlation Pattern and Measurement |
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EP0691011A1 (en) | 1996-01-10 |
US6763146B2 (en) | 2004-07-13 |
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CN1147822C (en) | 2004-04-28 |
US5907640A (en) | 1999-05-25 |
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JPH08510851A (en) | 1996-11-12 |
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US6181836B1 (en) | 2001-01-30 |
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CN1124530A (en) | 1996-06-12 |
WO1994022101A2 (en) | 1994-09-29 |
DE69431294D1 (en) | 2002-10-10 |
EP0691011B1 (en) | 2002-09-04 |
US6512855B1 (en) | 2003-01-28 |
AU690551B2 (en) | 1998-04-30 |
US20030025921A1 (en) | 2003-02-06 |
KR960701407A (en) | 1996-02-24 |
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