US3901214A - Human resistivity sensing device - Google Patents
Human resistivity sensing device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3901214A US3901214A US344650A US34465073A US3901214A US 3901214 A US3901214 A US 3901214A US 344650 A US344650 A US 344650A US 34465073 A US34465073 A US 34465073A US 3901214 A US3901214 A US 3901214A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- transistor
- variable frequency
- resistor
- biasing
- emitter
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/48—Other medical applications
- A61B5/486—Bio-feedback
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/05—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves
- A61B5/053—Measuring electrical impedance or conductance of a portion of the body
- A61B5/0531—Measuring skin impedance
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/74—Details of notification to user or communication with user or patient ; user input means
- A61B5/7405—Details of notification to user or communication with user or patient ; user input means using sound
- A61B5/7415—Sound rendering of measured values, e.g. by pitch or volume variation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S128/00—Surgery
- Y10S128/905—Feedback to patient of biological signal other than brain electric signal
Definitions
- This invention relates to a bio-feedback type device used to gauge the level of tension of a subject.
- Biasing means are provided to set a norm about which the audible tone will vary.
- FIGURE illustrates an embodiment of this invention.
- the electrical circuit is comprised of electrodes and 12 attached to a gripping member 14 which is capable of being either in a flat position so as to be attached to a flat surface of the body, or circular so as to be attached to an extremity.
- Electrode 10 is connected to the base of a transistor 16 through a resistor 18 and through a fixed resistor 20 and a biasing resistor 22 to the emitter of transistor 16.
- the collector of the transistor is connected through a resistor 24 to an emitter terminal of a unijunction transistor 26 as well as to one end of a capacitor 28, the other end of which is connected to ground.
- One base terminal of the unijunction transistor is connected through a resistor 30 to one end of a speaker 32 coil 34 and to the emitter of transistor 16.
- the other end of speaker coil 34 is connected to the collector ofa transistor 36, the emitter of which is connected to ground while the base thereof is connected to the second base terminal of unijunction transistor 26.
- electrodes 10 and 12 connect to various places on the skin of the body.
- the person using the instrument adjusts the range or biasing control by varying resistance 22 to a desired tone, such as many-frequency. As his body resistance decreases, the frequency of the tone increases thus signalling greater anxiety for lesser body resistance.
- Capacitor 28 is charged through transistor 16 at a rate controlled by resistor 22 which controls the amount of current produced by current source means formed by transistor 16.
- Unijunction transistor 26 is a triggering device which is caused to trigger when its threshold rate is reached. The rate at which the level is reached is set by biasing resistor 22 but will be varied as the body resistance sensed at electrodes 10 and l2 varies. This is due to the voltage divider formed by the body resistance and resistors 20 and 22.
- unijunction transistor 26 is coupled through amplifier means formed by transistor 36 to energize speaker 32 so as to produce an audible sound.
- Electrical circuit means capable of being connected to the human body and producing a changing signal in response to changes in the surface resistivity of the human skin comprising electrode means adapted to be placed on the skin, variable frequency means comprising a unijunction transistor having an emitter and a pair of base terminals, biasing means connected between said electrode means and said variable frequency means for setting a biasing level for said variable frequency means, said emitter being connected to said biasing means,
- said biasing means comprising a transistor and a variable resistance controlling the amount of current produced by said transistor
- said transistor having a base resistor connected thereto, said electrode means being connected through said base resistor to the input of said transistor to control the amount of current produced thereby,
- variable resistance and the resistance at the electrode means forming a voltage divider
- speaker means connected to receive the output of said variable frequency means to produce an audible signal representation of the frequency of the signal produced by said variable frequency means.
- Electrical circuit means as set forth in claim 1, comprising amplifier means connected between the output of said unijunction transistor and said speaker means.
Abstract
An electrical circuit which is capable of producing a varying signal output, either in frequency or amplitude which is responsive to the changing resistivity sensed on the skin of a subject. Electrodes are placed on the subject''s body and as the surface resistance changes, an audible signal is produced which can aid the subject in relaxing.
Description
United States Patent 11 1 Taaffe HUMAN RESISTIVITY SENSING DEVICE Inventor: James L. Taaffe, Philadelphia, Pa, Assignee: Phillip Brotman, New York, N.Y,
Filed: Mar. 26, I973 Appl. No: 344,650
US. Cl. [ZS/2.1 Z; 324/62 R Int. Cl A6lb 5/05 Field of Search 128/21 Z, 241 R, 2.06 R;
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS Mathison 128/21 Z Mathison it 128/21 Z Wcidingcr ct a1 U 128/206 R [4 1 Aug. 26, 1975 3,426,150 2/1969 Tygart 128/2106 R 3,556,083 [/1971 Grichnik 128/21 Z 3,614,651 10/1971 Pasquier 128/21 R 3,648,686 3/1972 Payne 128/21 Z Primary Examiner-Richard A. Gaudet Assistant Examiner-Lee S. Cohen Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Peter L. Berger 1 1 ABSTRACT An electrical circuit which is capable of producing a varying signal output, either in frequency or amplitude which is responsive to the changing resistivity sensed on the skin of a subject. Electrodes are placed on the subject's body and as the surface resistance changes, an audible signal is produced which can aid the subject in relaxing.
2 Claims, I Drawing Figure HUMAN RESISTIVITY SENSING DEVICE This invention relates to a bio-feedback type device used to gauge the level of tension of a subject.
It is proposed to provide a unique and improved electrical circuit having extremely good reliability and good utilization to sense the anxiety levels of a subject by producing an audible sound which is reflective of the subjects state. Biasing means are provided to set a norm about which the audible tone will vary.
The attached FIGURE illustrates an embodiment of this invention.
The electrical circuit is comprised of electrodes and 12 attached to a gripping member 14 which is capable of being either in a flat position so as to be attached to a flat surface of the body, or circular so as to be attached to an extremity. Electrode 10 is connected to the base of a transistor 16 through a resistor 18 and through a fixed resistor 20 and a biasing resistor 22 to the emitter of transistor 16. The collector of the transistor is connected through a resistor 24 to an emitter terminal of a unijunction transistor 26 as well as to one end of a capacitor 28, the other end of which is connected to ground. One base terminal of the unijunction transistor is connected through a resistor 30 to one end of a speaker 32 coil 34 and to the emitter of transistor 16. The other end of speaker coil 34 is connected to the collector ofa transistor 36, the emitter of which is connected to ground while the base thereof is connected to the second base terminal of unijunction transistor 26.
The circuit functions in the following manner: electrodes 10 and 12 connect to various places on the skin of the body. The person using the instrument adjusts the range or biasing control by varying resistance 22 to a desired tone, such as many-frequency. As his body resistance decreases, the frequency of the tone increases thus signalling greater anxiety for lesser body resistance. Capacitor 28 is charged through transistor 16 at a rate controlled by resistor 22 which controls the amount of current produced by current source means formed by transistor 16. Unijunction transistor 26 is a triggering device which is caused to trigger when its threshold rate is reached. The rate at which the level is reached is set by biasing resistor 22 but will be varied as the body resistance sensed at electrodes 10 and l2 varies. This is due to the voltage divider formed by the body resistance and resistors 20 and 22.
The output of unijunction transistor 26 is coupled through amplifier means formed by transistor 36 to energize speaker 32 so as to produce an audible sound.
I claim:
1. Electrical circuit means capable of being connected to the human body and producing a changing signal in response to changes in the surface resistivity of the human skin comprising electrode means adapted to be placed on the skin, variable frequency means comprising a unijunction transistor having an emitter and a pair of base terminals, biasing means connected between said electrode means and said variable frequency means for setting a biasing level for said variable frequency means, said emitter being connected to said biasing means,
said biasing means comprising a transistor and a variable resistance controlling the amount of current produced by said transistor,
said transistor having a base resistor connected thereto, said electrode means being connected through said base resistor to the input of said transistor to control the amount of current produced thereby,
a collector resistor connected to the collector of said transistor, a capacitor connected through said collector resistor to receive said current of said transistor to be charged thereby, said capacitor connected to said emitter of said unijunction transistor to cause said unijunction transistor to be triggered into conduction,
said variable resistance and the resistance at the electrode means forming a voltage divider,
the connection between said voltage divider connected to said transistor through said base resistor and,
speaker means connected to receive the output of said variable frequency means to produce an audible signal representation of the frequency of the signal produced by said variable frequency means.
2. Electrical circuit means as set forth in claim 1, comprising amplifier means connected between the output of said unijunction transistor and said speaker means.
Claims (2)
1. Electrical circuit means capable of being connected to the human body and producing a changing signal in response to changes in the surface resistivity of the human skin comprising electrode means adapted to be placed on the skin, variable frequency means comprising a unijunction transistor having an emitter and a pair of base terminals, biasing means connected between said elEctrode means and said variable frequency means for setting a biasing level for said variable frequency means, said emitter being connected to said biasing means, said biasing means comprising a transistor and a variable resistance controlling the amount of current produced by said transistor, said transistor having a base resistor connected thereto, said electrode means being connected through said base resistor to the input of said transistor to control the amount of current produced thereby, a collector resistor connected to the collector of said transistor, a capacitor connected through said collector resistor to receive said current of said transistor to be charged thereby, said capacitor connected to said emitter of said unijunction transistor to cause said unijunction transistor to be triggered into conduction, said variable resistance and the resistance at the electrode means forming a voltage divider, the connection between said voltage divider connected to said transistor through said base resistor and, speaker means connected to receive the output of said variable frequency means to produce an audible signal representation of the frequency of the signal produced by said variable frequency means.
2. Electrical circuit means as set forth in claim 1, comprising amplifier means connected between the output of said unijunction transistor and said speaker means.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US344650A US3901214A (en) | 1973-03-26 | 1973-03-26 | Human resistivity sensing device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US344650A US3901214A (en) | 1973-03-26 | 1973-03-26 | Human resistivity sensing device |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3901214A true US3901214A (en) | 1975-08-26 |
Family
ID=23351399
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US344650A Expired - Lifetime US3901214A (en) | 1973-03-26 | 1973-03-26 | Human resistivity sensing device |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3901214A (en) |
Cited By (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4052978A (en) * | 1975-01-23 | 1977-10-11 | Amado Eugenio | Electro-therapy apparatus |
US4088125A (en) * | 1976-11-19 | 1978-05-09 | Cyborg Corporation | Method and apparatus for monitoring skin potential response |
US4109645A (en) * | 1975-05-23 | 1978-08-29 | Sancio Bacchelli | Development of instruments measuring body resistance to ion and ionophoresis applications |
US4163936A (en) * | 1977-09-19 | 1979-08-07 | Shufro Richard B | Audible tester for alarm circuits |
US4173217A (en) * | 1976-07-08 | 1979-11-06 | Johnston Lyman C | Massage apparatus |
FR2447707A1 (en) * | 1979-01-30 | 1980-08-29 | Godefroy Christian | Instrument measuring variations in skin temp. or electrical resistance - uses bio-feedback method for relaxation training or for locating acupuncture points |
WO1981000045A1 (en) * | 1979-07-05 | 1981-01-22 | Dia Med Inc | Perspiration indicating alarm for diabetics |
US4365637A (en) * | 1979-07-05 | 1982-12-28 | Dia-Med, Inc. | Perspiration indicating alarm for diabetics |
WO1984001516A1 (en) * | 1982-10-14 | 1984-04-26 | Alan David Beale | Transcutaneous electronic nerve stimulation equipment |
US4451781A (en) * | 1981-05-20 | 1984-05-29 | Sarah Anderson | Moisture tester |
US4580091A (en) * | 1983-04-14 | 1986-04-01 | Delta Research Limited | Continuity tester |
US4926880A (en) * | 1988-11-08 | 1990-05-22 | Microcurrents | Method for relieving sinus and nasal congestion utilizing microcurrents |
WO1990011751A1 (en) * | 1989-04-05 | 1990-10-18 | Keihachi Ishikawa | Acupuncture locating device |
US5064410A (en) * | 1984-12-12 | 1991-11-12 | Frenkel Richard E | Stress control system and method |
US6821254B2 (en) | 2000-07-21 | 2004-11-23 | Institute Of Critical Care Medicine | Cardiac/respiratory arrest detector |
US20160038055A1 (en) * | 2014-08-06 | 2016-02-11 | Google Inc. | Sharing a single electrode between skin resistance and capacitance measurements |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2684670A (en) * | 1951-08-01 | 1954-07-27 | Volney G Mathison | Electropsychometer or bioelectronic instrument |
US2736313A (en) * | 1954-10-05 | 1956-02-28 | Muriel N Warkentin | Electropsychometer or bioelectronic instrument |
US3316897A (en) * | 1963-12-21 | 1967-05-02 | Teldix Luftfahrt Ausruestung | Heart monitoring device with filter for suppressing the frequency of an ambient a.c.power source |
US3426150A (en) * | 1965-09-27 | 1969-02-04 | Lockheed Aircraft Corp | System for fm transmission of cardiological data over telephone lines |
US3556083A (en) * | 1968-05-02 | 1971-01-19 | Beckman Instruments Inc | Apparatus for measurement of electrodermal phenomena |
US3614651A (en) * | 1969-06-27 | 1971-10-19 | Claude Marie Pasquier | External control of variable frequency oscillator |
US3648686A (en) * | 1969-07-03 | 1972-03-14 | Burlyl R Payne | Audible psychogalvonometer |
-
1973
- 1973-03-26 US US344650A patent/US3901214A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2684670A (en) * | 1951-08-01 | 1954-07-27 | Volney G Mathison | Electropsychometer or bioelectronic instrument |
US2736313A (en) * | 1954-10-05 | 1956-02-28 | Muriel N Warkentin | Electropsychometer or bioelectronic instrument |
US3316897A (en) * | 1963-12-21 | 1967-05-02 | Teldix Luftfahrt Ausruestung | Heart monitoring device with filter for suppressing the frequency of an ambient a.c.power source |
US3426150A (en) * | 1965-09-27 | 1969-02-04 | Lockheed Aircraft Corp | System for fm transmission of cardiological data over telephone lines |
US3556083A (en) * | 1968-05-02 | 1971-01-19 | Beckman Instruments Inc | Apparatus for measurement of electrodermal phenomena |
US3614651A (en) * | 1969-06-27 | 1971-10-19 | Claude Marie Pasquier | External control of variable frequency oscillator |
US3648686A (en) * | 1969-07-03 | 1972-03-14 | Burlyl R Payne | Audible psychogalvonometer |
Cited By (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4052978A (en) * | 1975-01-23 | 1977-10-11 | Amado Eugenio | Electro-therapy apparatus |
US4109645A (en) * | 1975-05-23 | 1978-08-29 | Sancio Bacchelli | Development of instruments measuring body resistance to ion and ionophoresis applications |
US4173217A (en) * | 1976-07-08 | 1979-11-06 | Johnston Lyman C | Massage apparatus |
US4088125A (en) * | 1976-11-19 | 1978-05-09 | Cyborg Corporation | Method and apparatus for monitoring skin potential response |
US4163936A (en) * | 1977-09-19 | 1979-08-07 | Shufro Richard B | Audible tester for alarm circuits |
FR2447707A1 (en) * | 1979-01-30 | 1980-08-29 | Godefroy Christian | Instrument measuring variations in skin temp. or electrical resistance - uses bio-feedback method for relaxation training or for locating acupuncture points |
WO1981000045A1 (en) * | 1979-07-05 | 1981-01-22 | Dia Med Inc | Perspiration indicating alarm for diabetics |
US4365637A (en) * | 1979-07-05 | 1982-12-28 | Dia-Med, Inc. | Perspiration indicating alarm for diabetics |
US4451781A (en) * | 1981-05-20 | 1984-05-29 | Sarah Anderson | Moisture tester |
WO1984001516A1 (en) * | 1982-10-14 | 1984-04-26 | Alan David Beale | Transcutaneous electronic nerve stimulation equipment |
US4580091A (en) * | 1983-04-14 | 1986-04-01 | Delta Research Limited | Continuity tester |
US5064410A (en) * | 1984-12-12 | 1991-11-12 | Frenkel Richard E | Stress control system and method |
US4926880A (en) * | 1988-11-08 | 1990-05-22 | Microcurrents | Method for relieving sinus and nasal congestion utilizing microcurrents |
WO1990011751A1 (en) * | 1989-04-05 | 1990-10-18 | Keihachi Ishikawa | Acupuncture locating device |
US5385150A (en) * | 1989-04-05 | 1995-01-31 | Ishikawa; Keihachi | Acupuncture device |
US6821254B2 (en) | 2000-07-21 | 2004-11-23 | Institute Of Critical Care Medicine | Cardiac/respiratory arrest detector |
US20160038055A1 (en) * | 2014-08-06 | 2016-02-11 | Google Inc. | Sharing a single electrode between skin resistance and capacitance measurements |
US9770185B2 (en) * | 2014-08-06 | 2017-09-26 | Verily Life Sciences Llc | Sharing a single electrode between skin resistance and capacitance measurements |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US3901214A (en) | Human resistivity sensing device | |
US3565080A (en) | Neuromuscular block monitoring apparatus | |
US3870034A (en) | Personal galvanic skin response monitoring instrument | |
US3255753A (en) | Electrical sleep machine and sleep inducing method | |
US3049001A (en) | Tonometer | |
US4147171A (en) | Transcutaneous pain control and/or muscle stimulating apparatus | |
US3730173A (en) | Stimulation method and apparatus for attempting to return a physiological parameter of a patient to normal | |
US5808540A (en) | Position sensing and signaling system | |
US4008714A (en) | Brain wave correlation system and method of delivering a recorded program of material educational in content | |
US3595219A (en) | Heart rate sensor device | |
US3841316A (en) | Apparatus for measuring the psychogalvanic reflex | |
US4064869A (en) | Apparatus for regulating the breathing pattern | |
US5385150A (en) | Acupuncture device | |
WO1989006554A1 (en) | Electrostimulating device | |
US3236230A (en) | Apparatus for recording blood pressure | |
US3468302A (en) | Skin resistance reaction time testing apparatus | |
US4062365A (en) | Apparatus for generating applied electrical stimuli signals | |
US3875930A (en) | System and method of measuring and correlating human physiological characteristics such as brainwave frequency | |
GB1416141A (en) | Acupoint device | |
US3786285A (en) | Moment actuated transducer | |
US3559639A (en) | Spirometer monitoring device | |
GB2099705A (en) | Pulse generator for pain blocking bandage | |
JPH0134630B2 (en) | ||
JPS6143057B2 (en) | ||
US3675243A (en) | Electronic drip timing device |