US3842503A - Method for orthodontic treatment - Google Patents
Method for orthodontic treatment Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3842503A US3842503A US00392483A US39248373A US3842503A US 3842503 A US3842503 A US 3842503A US 00392483 A US00392483 A US 00392483A US 39248373 A US39248373 A US 39248373A US 3842503 A US3842503 A US 3842503A
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- teeth
- brackets
- model
- impression
- ideal
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C7/00—Orthodontics, i.e. obtaining or maintaining the desired position of teeth, e.g. by straightening, evening, regulating, separating, or by correcting malocclusions
- A61C7/12—Brackets; Arch wires; Combinations thereof; Accessories therefor
Definitions
- bands are positioned around the individual teeth of a patient with brackets to permit connection of the bands to the arch wire and various spring wires as are ordinarily utilized.
- This technique requires considerable skill and judgment on the part of an orthodontist in manipulating and forming the various force applying wires so as to attain the desired movement of teeth.
- bands and arch wires are formed in an ideal model and then transferred to the patient.
- an orthodontist is enabled to perform the difficult and intricate task of forming an arch wire so as to obtain the desired tooth movement on an ideal model of the teeth of the patient while the arch wire is out of the mouth. Thereafter, the arch wire can be transferred to the patients mouth and easily and quickly secured to brackets on the individual teeth. The teeth are then guided to the positions on the ideal model.
- arch wire brackets are secured by bands to the teeth of a patient after which an impression is made of the patients mouth.
- replicas of the brackets are inserted in a corresponding position in the impression and a casting made of the teeth in the course of which the brackets will become rigidly attached to the tooth castings.
- the individual tooth castings are separated and reset in an ideal model of the patients mouth whereupon an arch wire can be formed so as to conform to the bracket locations of the teeth in the ideal model. After formation of such wire, it is transferred to the patients mouth, whereupon the memory of the wire will apply corrective force to the teeth causing them to move towards their ideal location.
- the orthodontic brackets are mounted on bands and are secured to the teeth of a patient.
- An impression of the patients mouth is taken so as to obtain an impression of the position of the teeth with the brackets attached thereto.
- the impression is removed from the mouth and an ideal model of the patients mouth is made.
- replicas of the brackets are inserted in the corresponding apertures formed in the impression.
- a casting is made in the impression so as to obtain a model of the patients teeth with the bracket replicas attached to the cast teeth.
- the individual tooth castings are separated by cutting or other suitable means and reset in their ideal locations in a model.
- an arch wire is formed so as to fit the brackets of the ideal model and upon its completion this arch wire is removed and attached to the brackets on the teeth in the patients mouth, the memory of the wire will apply the desired pressure to the teeth in the mouth to cause them to rotate or tip or otherwise move as desired towards the ideal location. It may be preferred to start the treatment with a wire applying only a small amount of force and to increase the force applied as the treatment continues by changing the wire. In any case, the ortho' dontist can go back to his ideal model for forming the arch wire which is to be positioned in the patients mouth.
- the arch wires may be mounted on the lingual side of the teeth as well as the labial side, as presently done. This is possible because brackets may be secured directly to teeth without bands. Thus, for cosmetic reasons, or otherwise, it may be desired to mount a lingual arch wire.
- brackets In order to mount brackets to the lingual side of the teeth, the brackets are preferably mounted on the teeth without bands. Two methods for doing this are as follows:
- brackets are adhesively mounted on the patients teeth and the brackets are covered with elastomeric caps. An impression is then taken of teeth with the brackets covered. The mounted covers are then removed from the teeth and are discarded.
- a replica of each tooth is made or obtained, as by casting, and a bracket is mounted on each replica in the space provided by the caps.
- the replicas are then placed in ideal positions simulating an ideal position for all the teeth relative to each other and an ideal arch wire is formed.
- the ideal arch wire is then removed from the ideal model and mounted in the brackets on the patients teeth.
- an impression of a patients teeth is made, which is duplicated in investment, a heat resistant material used in dental castings.
- a thin layer of wax is placed on the back sides of the duplicate teeth so that a wax shell is formed thereon.
- wax replicas of the desired brackets are placed on the wax shell at locations corresponding to desired locations on the actual teeth.
- thin wax tubes are radially connected from each wax bracket to an upward sprue, and above that is connected a reservoir.
- the whole assembly is placed in a crucible and the plenum of the crucible filled with investment so that no empty space exists, except in the tubes.
- the wax is dissolved and molten metal, i.e., bracket and base material, is poured in.
- the hot investment is quenched in water, causing it to shatter, leaving brackets mounted on bases which fit onto individual teeth on the lingual side thereof.
- brackets and bases are cleaned, as by sandblasting, so that no mark left by the tubes is apparent.
- the individual bases and brackets are then separated.
- the individual bases have a contour matching the shape of each tooth, with each base extending from one side of the back of a tooth to the other side so that each base indexes the position of the corresponding bracket on one tooth.
- each bracket integrally connected to a custom fitting base is mounted on a corresponding tooth of a patient and the ideal arch wire is mounted thereon.
- the method disclosed herein includes the steps of affixing brackets to the teeth of a patient.
- the brackets are of a conventional type for holding arch wires.
- an impression is made of the teeth with brackets thereon.
- the impression is then used in setting up a simulation or model of an ideal position for the teeth.
- One way to set up such an ideal model is to insert replicas of the brackets into the impression and cast a replica of each tooth and bracket, then separate the castings and mount the teeth to form a model.
- Another way to accomplish the same thing is to position brackets on a tooth simulator corresponding to the position brackets have been mounted on the patients teeth. In either instance, the position of the brackets on the patients teeth is used in the model process thereby overcoming the prior art problem of attempting to fix the brackets to the teeth after the arch wire is formed.
- the next step involves removing the arch wire or wires from the model and attaching the arch wires to the brackets on the teeth in a patients mouth.
- the arch wire or wires then urge the patients teeth to their ideal position.
- One advantage of the present method is that it will greatly simplify the practice of orthodontic dentistry in the following manner.
- a practitioner will mount brackets directly on a patients teeth and make an impression. He can then send the impression to a laboratory where precision arch wires are formed.
- the laboratory will use the impression to make an ideal model by simulating ideal positions for the patients teeth and the position of brackets thereon. The bracket position is known exactly relative to the tooth because the impression gives the exact position.
- the arch wire or wires formed in the laboratory will correspond to the ideal positions determined in the laboratory.
- brackets which are to be fixed to arch wires, making an impression of the teeth with the brackets thereon, simulating the position of each tooth in an ideal model and the position of the brackets thereon, forming arch wires in said ideal model so as to conform to the desired tooth positions on said model,
- brackets and arch wires are applied to the lingual side of the teeth.
- brackets and arch wires are applied to the labial side of the teeth.
Abstract
After securement of brackets to teeth of a patent to be treated, an impression is taken of the mouth. The impression is removed, replicas of brackets are inserted in the impression and a simulation or model is made, as by positioning castings of the teeth made in the impression, in ideal locations in the model. Arch wires are then preformed to fit brackets on the ideal model and after preforming, the arch wire is transferred to the brackets previously mounted on teeth of the patient.
Description
States Patent 1 [11'] 3,8425% Oct. 22, 1974 METHOD FOR ORTHODONTIC 3,578,744 5/1971 Wildman 32/14 A TREATMENT [75] Inventor: Alexander J. Wildman, Eugene, Primary Examiner-Louis G. Mancene Oreg. Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Jerald E. Rosenblum; [73] Assignee: Silverado Industries Inc., Napa, Thomas Schneck Calif.
[22] Filed: Aug. 29, 1973 [57] ABSTRACT {21] Appl- N05 392,483 After securement of brackets to teeth of a patent to be Related A fi ti Data treated, an impression is taken of the mouth. The im- [60] continuatiommpw of Sm NO 5 4 Ma 27 pression is removed, replicas of brackets are inserted 1970' aband0ned which a i a in the impression and a simulation or model is made, 85735], Sept 12, 1969 p 3,578744 as by positioning castings of the teeth made in the impression, in ideal locations in the model. Arch wires 52 us. (:1. 32/14 A, 32/71 are Preformed t0 fit brackets on the ideal model 51 m1. Cl. A61c 7/00 and after Preforming, the arch wire is transferred to 58 Field of Search 32/1, 14 A, 71 the brackets Previously mounted on teeth of the P tient.
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 4 Clams N0 Dawmgs l,l(l2.390 7/1914 Dalton 32/7] METHOD FOR ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is a continuation-in-part of ser. no. 51,41 1 filed May 27, 1970 for Method and Apparatus for Orthodontic Treatment (parent) now abandoned. The parent application is a division of the prior application, Ser. No. 857,351, filed Sept. 12, 1969, entitled Method and Apparatus for Orthodontic Treatment which matured into U.S. Pat. No. 3,578,744. A reissue application for said patent, ser. no. 229,217 filed Feb. 24, 1972 is now pending.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In accordance with what is known as the direct method of orthodontic work, bands are positioned around the individual teeth of a patient with brackets to permit connection of the bands to the arch wire and various spring wires as are ordinarily utilized. This technique requires considerable skill and judgment on the part of an orthodontist in manipulating and forming the various force applying wires so as to attain the desired movement of teeth.
In accordance with the so-called indirect method utilized heretofore, bands and arch wires are formed in an ideal model and then transferred to the patient. However, it is virtually impossible to secure the bands on the patients teeth in the same location as on the model.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In accordance with the method of the invention and utilizing the apparatus of the invention, an orthodontist is enabled to perform the difficult and intricate task of forming an arch wire so as to obtain the desired tooth movement on an ideal model of the teeth of the patient while the arch wire is out of the mouth. Thereafter, the arch wire can be transferred to the patients mouth and easily and quickly secured to brackets on the individual teeth. The teeth are then guided to the positions on the ideal model.
More particularly, in accordance with the method of the invention, arch wire brackets are secured by bands to the teeth of a patient after which an impression is made of the patients mouth. After removal of the impression, replicas of the brackets are inserted in a corresponding position in the impression and a casting made of the teeth in the course of which the brackets will become rigidly attached to the tooth castings. Thereafter, the individual tooth castings are separated and reset in an ideal model of the patients mouth whereupon an arch wire can be formed so as to conform to the bracket locations of the teeth in the ideal model. After formation of such wire, it is transferred to the patients mouth, whereupon the memory of the wire will apply corrective force to the teeth causing them to move towards their ideal location.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT In accordance with the method of the invention, the orthodontic brackets are mounted on bands and are secured to the teeth of a patient. An impression of the patients mouth is taken so as to obtain an impression of the position of the teeth with the brackets attached thereto. The impression is removed from the mouth and an ideal model of the patients mouth is made. For example, replicas of the brackets are inserted in the corresponding apertures formed in the impression. Thereafter, a casting is made in the impression so as to obtain a model of the patients teeth with the bracket replicas attached to the cast teeth. Next, the individual tooth castings are separated by cutting or other suitable means and reset in their ideal locations in a model. Next, an arch wire is formed so as to fit the brackets of the ideal model and upon its completion this arch wire is removed and attached to the brackets on the teeth in the patients mouth, the memory of the wire will apply the desired pressure to the teeth in the mouth to cause them to rotate or tip or otherwise move as desired towards the ideal location. It may be preferred to start the treatment with a wire applying only a small amount of force and to increase the force applied as the treatment continues by changing the wire. In any case, the ortho' dontist can go back to his ideal model for forming the arch wire which is to be positioned in the patients mouth.
While the technique described herein will work with almost any bracket, this technique has been previously described with reference to a bracket of my design in U.S. Pat. No. 3,578,744 to A. J. Wildman, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
Because of the simplicity of the model making method described herein, the arch wires may be mounted on the lingual side of the teeth as well as the labial side, as presently done. This is possible because brackets may be secured directly to teeth without bands. Thus, for cosmetic reasons, or otherwise, it may be desired to mount a lingual arch wire.
In order to mount brackets to the lingual side of the teeth, the brackets are preferably mounted on the teeth without bands. Two methods for doing this are as follows:
In the first method, brackets are adhesively mounted on the patients teeth and the brackets are covered with elastomeric caps. An impression is then taken of teeth with the brackets covered. The mounted covers are then removed from the teeth and are discarded.
Next, a replica of each tooth is made or obtained, as by casting, and a bracket is mounted on each replica in the space provided by the caps. The replicas are then placed in ideal positions simulating an ideal position for all the teeth relative to each other and an ideal arch wire is formed. The ideal arch wire is then removed from the ideal model and mounted in the brackets on the patients teeth.
In the second method, an impression of a patients teeth is made, which is duplicated in investment, a heat resistant material used in dental castings. Next, a thin layer of wax is placed on the back sides of the duplicate teeth so that a wax shell is formed thereon. Then wax replicas of the desired brackets are placed on the wax shell at locations corresponding to desired locations on the actual teeth. Next thin wax tubes are radially connected from each wax bracket to an upward sprue, and above that is connected a reservoir. The whole assembly is placed in a crucible and the plenum of the crucible filled with investment so that no empty space exists, except in the tubes. Next the wax is dissolved and molten metal, i.e., bracket and base material, is poured in. The hot investment is quenched in water, causing it to shatter, leaving brackets mounted on bases which fit onto individual teeth on the lingual side thereof. The
brackets and bases are cleaned, as by sandblasting, so that no mark left by the tubes is apparent. The individual bases and brackets are then separated. The individual bases have a contour matching the shape of each tooth, with each base extending from one side of the back of a tooth to the other side so that each base indexes the position of the corresponding bracket on one tooth.
The individual teeth of the original impression are now separated with the new base and bracket castings temporarily mounted on each one. The teeth are then placed in ideal positions relative to each other, forming an ideal model, and an ideal arch wire is formed using the brackets thereon. Next each bracket integrally connected to a custom fitting base, is mounted on a corresponding tooth of a patient and the ideal arch wire is mounted thereon.
In summary, the method disclosed herein includes the steps of affixing brackets to the teeth of a patient. The brackets are of a conventional type for holding arch wires. Next an impression is made of the teeth with brackets thereon. The impression is then used in setting up a simulation or model of an ideal position for the teeth. One way to set up such an ideal model is to insert replicas of the brackets into the impression and cast a replica of each tooth and bracket, then separate the castings and mount the teeth to form a model. Another way to accomplish the same thing is to position brackets on a tooth simulator corresponding to the position brackets have been mounted on the patients teeth. In either instance, the position of the brackets on the patients teeth is used in the model process thereby overcoming the prior art problem of attempting to fix the brackets to the teeth after the arch wire is formed.
The next step involves removing the arch wire or wires from the model and attaching the arch wires to the brackets on the teeth in a patients mouth. The arch wire or wires then urge the patients teeth to their ideal position.
One advantage of the present method is that it will greatly simplify the practice of orthodontic dentistry in the following manner. A practitioner will mount brackets directly on a patients teeth and make an impression. He can then send the impression to a laboratory where precision arch wires are formed. The laboratory will use the impression to make an ideal model by simulating ideal positions for the patients teeth and the position of brackets thereon. The bracket position is known exactly relative to the tooth because the impression gives the exact position. Thus, the arch wire or wires formed in the laboratory will correspond to the ideal positions determined in the laboratory.
We claim: 1. In a method of orthodontry for positioning teeth in desired tooth positions the steps comprising,
affixing, to the teeth in a patients mouth, brackets which are to be fixed to arch wires, making an impression of the teeth with the brackets thereon, simulating the position of each tooth in an ideal model and the position of the brackets thereon, forming arch wires in said ideal model so as to conform to the desired tooth positions on said model,
removing said arch wires from said model and attaching said wires to the brackets on the teeth in a patients mouth.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said brackets and arch wires are applied to the lingual side of the teeth.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein said brackets and arch wires are applied to the labial side of the teeth.
4. The method of orthodontry which comprises,
affixing, to the teeth in a patients mouth, bands and brackets which are to be fixed to arch wires,
taking an impression of the teeth with the bands and brackets thereon,
removing the impression from the mouth and inserting replicas of the brackets into the impressions,
casting a replica of each tooth in said impression thereby to bond said bracket replicas to the cast teeth,
separating the individual tooth castings,
mounting the separating tooth castings to form a model having the teeth in the desired ideal location,
forming arch wires to the brackets on the teeth in said ideal model so as to conform to the desired tooth positions on said model,
removing said arch wires from said model and attaching said wires to the brackets on the teeth in the patients mouth.
Claims (4)
1. In a method of orthodontry for positioning teeth in desired tooth positions the steps comprising, affixing, to the teeth in a patient''s mouth, brackets which are to be fixed to arch wires, making an impression of the teeth with the brackets thereon, simulating the position of each tooth in an ideal model and the position of the brackets thereon, forming arch wires in said ideal model so as to conform to the desired tooth positions on said model, removing said arch wires from said model and attaching said wires to the brackets on the teeth in a patient''s mouth.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said brackets and arch wires are applied to the lingual side of the teeth.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein said brackets and arch wires are applied to the labial side of the teeth.
4. The method of orthodontry which comprises, affixing, to the teeth in a patient''s mouth, bands and brackets which are to be fixed to arch wires, taking an impression of the teeth with the bands and brackets thereon, removing the impression from the mouth and inserting replicas of the brackets into the impressions, casting a replica of each tooth in said impression thereby to bond said bracket replicas to the cast teeth, separating the individual tooth castings, mounting the separating tooth castings to form a model having the teeth in the desired ideal location, forming arch wires to the brackets on the teeth in said ideal model so as to conform to the desired tooth positions on said model, removing said arch wires from said model and attaching said wires to the Brackets on the teeth in the patient''s mouth.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00392483A US3842503A (en) | 1970-05-27 | 1973-08-29 | Method for orthodontic treatment |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US5141170A | 1970-05-27 | 1970-05-27 | |
| US00392483A US3842503A (en) | 1970-05-27 | 1973-08-29 | Method for orthodontic treatment |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3842503A true US3842503A (en) | 1974-10-22 |
Family
ID=26729388
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00392483A Expired - Lifetime US3842503A (en) | 1970-05-27 | 1973-08-29 | Method for orthodontic treatment |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3842503A (en) |
Cited By (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3949478A (en) * | 1974-12-27 | 1976-04-13 | Firma Scheu-Dental, Inhaber Rudolf Scheu Herstellung Und Vertrieb Von Dentalbedarf | Process and apparatus for fitting orthodontic brackets to teeth |
| US4014096A (en) * | 1975-03-25 | 1977-03-29 | Dellinger Eugene L | Method and apparatus for orthodontic treatment |
| US4337037A (en) * | 1980-02-11 | 1982-06-29 | Kurz Craven H | Fixed lingual orthodontic appliance for the maxillary arch |
| US4354833A (en) * | 1980-08-08 | 1982-10-19 | Kinya Fujita | Orthodontic appliance |
| US4443189A (en) * | 1982-10-15 | 1984-04-17 | Wildman Alexander J | Multi-purpose orthodontic bracket |
| US4669981A (en) * | 1982-09-20 | 1987-06-02 | Kurz Craven H | Lingual orthodontic appliance system |
| US4909735A (en) * | 1988-09-26 | 1990-03-20 | Wildman Alexander J | Straight line orthodontic setup method and apparatus |
| US5011406A (en) * | 1988-09-26 | 1991-04-30 | Wildman Alexander J | Orthodontic setup and archwire fixing method |
| US5100316A (en) * | 1988-09-26 | 1992-03-31 | Wildman Alexander J | Orthodontic archwire shaping method |
| DE4315236A1 (en) * | 1993-05-07 | 1994-11-17 | Robert Kalteis | Method for making an impression of a denture and additional devices for carrying out the method |
| US5474444A (en) * | 1988-09-26 | 1995-12-12 | Wildman; Alexander J. | Multiwire arch system |
| US5511976A (en) * | 1993-09-14 | 1996-04-30 | Wildman; Alexander J. | Lingual bracket with hinged camming closure |
| WO1996039093A1 (en) | 1995-06-05 | 1996-12-12 | Wildman Alexander J | Lingual bracket with hinged camming closure and releasable lock |
| US5791897A (en) * | 1992-02-26 | 1998-08-11 | Wildman; Alexander J. | Multiwire arch system with improved interarch connector |
| US6648638B2 (en) | 2001-12-28 | 2003-11-18 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Orthodontic appliances including polycrystalline alumina-based ceramic material, kits, and methods |
| US6878456B2 (en) | 2001-12-28 | 2005-04-12 | 3M Innovative Properties Co. | Polycrystalline translucent alumina-based ceramic material, uses, and methods |
| US7828549B1 (en) | 2007-10-31 | 2010-11-09 | Wios, Llc | Lingual self-ligating orthodontic bracket, and methods for making and using the same |
| CN105307594A (en) * | 2013-06-20 | 2016-02-03 | 李钟昊 | Individually tailored lingual orthodontic bracket and method for manufacturing same bracket |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1102390A (en) * | 1913-06-06 | 1914-07-07 | Broadus Van Dalton | Dental model. |
| US3578744A (en) * | 1969-09-12 | 1971-05-18 | Alexo Corp | Method and apparatus for orthodontic treatment |
-
1973
- 1973-08-29 US US00392483A patent/US3842503A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1102390A (en) * | 1913-06-06 | 1914-07-07 | Broadus Van Dalton | Dental model. |
| US3578744A (en) * | 1969-09-12 | 1971-05-18 | Alexo Corp | Method and apparatus for orthodontic treatment |
Cited By (23)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3949478A (en) * | 1974-12-27 | 1976-04-13 | Firma Scheu-Dental, Inhaber Rudolf Scheu Herstellung Und Vertrieb Von Dentalbedarf | Process and apparatus for fitting orthodontic brackets to teeth |
| US4014096A (en) * | 1975-03-25 | 1977-03-29 | Dellinger Eugene L | Method and apparatus for orthodontic treatment |
| US4337037A (en) * | 1980-02-11 | 1982-06-29 | Kurz Craven H | Fixed lingual orthodontic appliance for the maxillary arch |
| US4354833A (en) * | 1980-08-08 | 1982-10-19 | Kinya Fujita | Orthodontic appliance |
| US4669981A (en) * | 1982-09-20 | 1987-06-02 | Kurz Craven H | Lingual orthodontic appliance system |
| US4443189A (en) * | 1982-10-15 | 1984-04-17 | Wildman Alexander J | Multi-purpose orthodontic bracket |
| US5474444A (en) * | 1988-09-26 | 1995-12-12 | Wildman; Alexander J. | Multiwire arch system |
| US5100316A (en) * | 1988-09-26 | 1992-03-31 | Wildman Alexander J | Orthodontic archwire shaping method |
| US4909735A (en) * | 1988-09-26 | 1990-03-20 | Wildman Alexander J | Straight line orthodontic setup method and apparatus |
| US5011406A (en) * | 1988-09-26 | 1991-04-30 | Wildman Alexander J | Orthodontic setup and archwire fixing method |
| US5516284A (en) * | 1988-09-26 | 1996-05-14 | Wildman; Alexander J. | Lingual orthodontic bracket with hinged closure |
| US5791897A (en) * | 1992-02-26 | 1998-08-11 | Wildman; Alexander J. | Multiwire arch system with improved interarch connector |
| DE4315236A1 (en) * | 1993-05-07 | 1994-11-17 | Robert Kalteis | Method for making an impression of a denture and additional devices for carrying out the method |
| US5511976A (en) * | 1993-09-14 | 1996-04-30 | Wildman; Alexander J. | Lingual bracket with hinged camming closure |
| US5700145A (en) * | 1995-06-05 | 1997-12-23 | Wildman; Alexander J. | Lingual bracket with hinged camming closure and releasable lock |
| WO1996039093A1 (en) | 1995-06-05 | 1996-12-12 | Wildman Alexander J | Lingual bracket with hinged camming closure and releasable lock |
| US5863199A (en) * | 1995-06-05 | 1999-01-26 | Wildman; Alexander J. | Lingual bracket with hinged camming closure and locking ears |
| US6648638B2 (en) | 2001-12-28 | 2003-11-18 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Orthodontic appliances including polycrystalline alumina-based ceramic material, kits, and methods |
| US6878456B2 (en) | 2001-12-28 | 2005-04-12 | 3M Innovative Properties Co. | Polycrystalline translucent alumina-based ceramic material, uses, and methods |
| US7828549B1 (en) | 2007-10-31 | 2010-11-09 | Wios, Llc | Lingual self-ligating orthodontic bracket, and methods for making and using the same |
| CN105307594A (en) * | 2013-06-20 | 2016-02-03 | 李钟昊 | Individually tailored lingual orthodontic bracket and method for manufacturing same bracket |
| JP2016522066A (en) * | 2013-06-20 | 2016-07-28 | イ、ジョンホ | Personal custom-made bracket for lingual orthodontics and method of manufacturing the bracket |
| EP3011927A4 (en) * | 2013-06-20 | 2016-12-28 | Jong Ho Lee | Individually tailored lingual orthodontic bracket and method for manufacturing same bracket |
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