US3825916A

US3825916A - Laser fence

Info

Publication number: US3825916A
Application number: US00299456A
Authority: US
Inventors: R Steele; D Roudabush
Original assignee: California Crime Technological Research Foundation
Current assignee: California Crime Technological Research Foundation
Priority date: 1972-10-20
Filing date: 1972-10-20
Publication date: 1974-07-23
Anticipated expiration: 1991-07-23

Abstract

First and second transmitting stations provide two, parallel, line-of-sight, pulsed beams of infrared energy generated from a solid state source. The (laser) beams are intercepted by corresponding receiving stations. The two line of sight beams are displaced horizontally and vertically from each other; and by orienting the beams along a perimeter to be protected, any invasion of the perimeter is sensed by interruption of the beams. Detection of animals, such as dogs, is negated by logic circuitry affording height discrimination. The circuitry also discriminates with respect to man parameters, such as man''s usual forward velocity, namely, approximately 1/2 feet per second to 10 feet per second. False alarms from flying birds, leaves and the like, are thereby minimized. Intrusions can be indicated by audible and visual local alarms, or, if desired, by automatic telephone dialing, radio or closed circuit TV to more distant centers. By using additional stations and corner reflectors, where appropriate, a continuous chain is constructed to enclose an area to be guarded.

Description

1111. 3,825,916 1451 July 23, 1974 LASER FENCE [75] Inventors? RichardK. Steele, Sacramento; Douglas E. Roudabush, Carmichael, both of Calif.

[73] Assignee: California Crime Technological Research Foundation, Sacramento, Calif.

22 Filed: Oct.20, 1972 21 v Appl. No.: 299,456

[52] US. Cl. 340/258 B, 340/2 76 [51] Int. Cl. G08b 13/18 [58] Field of Search... 340/258 B, 250/221 [56] 7 References Cited v UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,082,941 6/1937 Burnside 340/258 B X 2,653,309 9/1953 T Hausz 340/258 B X 3,036,219 5/1962 Thompson 340/258 B X 3,183,499 5/1965 'Cowen 340/258 B 3,242,341 3/1966 Woodward 340/258 B X 3,370,285 2/1968 Cruse et al.....; 340/258 B 3,524,180 8/1970 Cruse 340/258 B 3,641,549 2/1972 Miseketal. 250/221 X 3,711,846 1/1973 Schlisser et al. 340/258 B 3,723,738 3/1973 Brenner et al. 250/221 X 3,739,372 6/1973 Schlisser et al. 340/258 B Primary ExaminerDavid L. Trafton Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Lothrop & West 57] ABSTRACT First and second transmitting stations provide two, parallel, line-of-sight, pulsed beams of infrared energy generated from a solid state source. The (laser) beams are intercepted by corresponding receiving stations. The two line of sight beams are displaced horizontally and vertically from each other; and by orienting the beams along aperimeter to be protected, any invasion of the perimeter is sensed by interruption of the beams. Detection'of animals, such as dogs, is negated by logic circuitry affording height discrimination. The circuitry'also discriminates with respect to man parameters, such as mans usual forward velocity,

namely, approximately a feet per second to lO feet fper second. False alarms from flying birds, leaves and i the like, are thereby minimized. intrusions canbe indicated byaudible and visual local alarms, or, if desired,

, by automatic telephone dialing, radio 'or closed circuit TV to more distant centers; By using additional stations and corner reflectors, where appropriate, a con- 1 tinuous chain is constructed-to enclose an area to be guarded.

1 Claim, 4 Drawing Figures POWER/SIGNAL cATaLEs TO CONTROL BOX 34 PATENTED JUL 2 3 SHEH 2 OF 2 monk h and" T iwzwomm Ewan-D muzz- 1 LASER FENCE The invention relates to improvements in infrared detection systems used to protect large unattended areas otherwise unprotected by walls, chain link fences, barbed wire and the like.

Owing to several unique advantages, infrared detection systems are coming into ever increasing use. Among the numerous well recognized advantages are the following: operation is equally effective, both day and night; operation even under such adverse conditions as snow, rain or light fog; ability to bend the output beam around corners, thereby supplying perimeter protection with a minimum of transmitters and receivers; use of narrow band filters, sensitive detectors and pulse modulation techniques eliminating false alarms caused by radio frequency interference, lightning flashes, flickering sunlight and inclement weather; se-

v power supply.

In addition to the foregoing, the prior art also affords examples of laser transmitting and receiving stations which areable to discriminate between an opaque body of some size, such as a person, and small oscillating ob- 'jects such as grass, weeds or shrubbery swaying in the wind. I 4

So far as is known, however, the prior art does not disclose laser beams arranged along a perimeter in such a manner as to discriminate with respect to velocity of an object passing through the fence, as well as to height, direction of movement, i.e., entering the enclosed area or emerging therefrom, and approximate location on the perimeter.

It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a laser fence which not only affords all of the advantages set forth above in extenso, but which also is capable of discriminating between discontinuities in the beams which are likely to be man caused and those which are not.

It is another object of the invention to provide a laser fence which minimizes false alarms.

It is still another object of the invention to provide a laser fence which is versatile in that it can be readily adapted to a wide variety of uses and environments.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a laser fence system which is durable, safe,-tamper-proof and effective to prevent, or discourage, the entry into the protected area of unauthorized persons.

It is an additional object of the invention to provide a generally improve laser fence.

Other objects, together with the foregoing, are attained in the embodiment described in the following description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a stylized side elevational view of a portion of a typical fence installation, the station foundations and the ground being sectioned, and with portions of the figure broken away to reduce the extent thereof;

FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of the control box components} 1 I 1 FIG. 3 is an end elevational view as seen from the plane indicated by the line 33 in FIG. 1; and,

FIG. 4 is a diagram of the velocity discriminator logic circuitry and beam discontinuity indicators.

While the laser fence system of the invention is susceptible of numerous physical embodiments, depend ing upon the environment and requirements of use, the herein shown and described embodiment has been made, used and tested, and has performed in an eminently satisfactory manner.

The laser fence of the invention, generally designated by the reference numeral 10, includes, along the perimeter of an unattended area to be protected against intrusion, a plurality of transmitting-receiving

stations

11, 12 and 13 aligned so that the infra-red beam electromagnetic radiation emitted by a transmitter'at one station isreceived by a corresponding receiver at another station. I I

The emitted beam reaches the receiver in a substantially concentrated, line-of-sight manner although the actual energy-pattern is a cone of greater or-less base width at a given distance depending upon the desired sharpness, as controlled in part by appropriate tuning of the transmitter. I

As appears most clearly in FIGS. 1 and 3, only three stations are shown. The distance separating each of the pairs of stations can be on .the order of 1 ,000 feet, for example. In some installations, reflectors can be used to turn the beams at corners and thereby reduce the number of stations required to encompass a given area.

In the embodiment disclosed, the central station 11 includes a pair of transmitter-receivers in back to back arrangement, the right hand pair including an upper transmitter T14 and a lower receiver R15, and the left hand pair including a lower transmitter'T16 and an upper receiver R17.

The right hand station 13 comprises buta single set,

namely, a lower transmitter T18 and an upperreceiver R19.

As indicated, the transmitter T14 at station 11 emits, through a port 20, in effect, a substantially line-of-sight beam 21 received by the receiver R19 at station 13. In turn, the transmitter T18 at station 13 emits a beam 22 to the receiver R15 at station 11.

The pulsed beams are of high frequency, being on the order of 40nanoseconds wide, which accounts for its excellent ability. to penetrate fog. Transmitters and receivers of the kind disclosed are well known, being available, for example, from Security Devices Division of Systron-Donner of Dublin, Calif, under the mark Optogard.

The left hand station 12 includes an upper transmitter T24 and a lower receiver R25. As appears most clearly in FIGS. 1 and 2, the upper transmitter T24 is housed in a box 26 and the lower receiver R25 is similarly protected within a housing 27. A vertical pipe 28 supports the box 26 and a comparable upright pipe 29 carries the housing 27, both pipes being mounted in a concrete pad 31 in the ground 32. Suitable conduit 33 carries conductors from the main power supply and signal cables to a control box 34 (see FIG. 2) situated at an appropriate location.

The transmitter T24 at station 12 emits a beam 36 received by receiver R17 at station 11 and transmitter T16 at station 11 emits a beam 37 received by receiver R25 at station 12.

Actually, as previously indicated, the pulsed energy beams are diverging cones such that the diameter of the energy at 650 feet from the transmitter is approximately 30 feet. However, since the receiver is located on the axis of this cone of energy, amplitude is at a maximum and, in effect, it is as if a line-of-sight beam were transmitted and received.

As shown in FIG. 3, the transmitter T24 is located in an upper, left hand position relative to the receiver R25, which is in a lower, right hand position. For reasons later to be explained in more detail, the lower, right hand receiver R25 (see FIG. 3) is located on the outer side of the laser fence whereas the upper, left hand transmitter T24 is located on the inner side of the fence. Thus, the beam 37 is an outer, lower beam and the beam 36 is an inner, upper beam.

As will be obvious, the respective boxes .41, 42 and 43, 44 housing the transmitters and receivers at stations 11 and 13 will be so arranged as to position the respective components in proper alignment, the boxes, as before, being mounted on

respective pipes

46 and 47 secured in concrete pads 31.

Conduits

48 and 49 carry cables providing power to stations 11 and 13, respectively. The

conduits

48 and 49 also carry cables sending information signals from the receivers R15, R17 and R19to the control box 34, as indicated in FIGS. 1 and 2.

As appears most clearly in FIG. 2, the control box 34 not only provides control over the power supply 50 for the various transmitting-receiving stations, but also for the circuitry within the box itself, including the input relays 51 and the output relays 52, as wellasfor the logic circuitry 53, shown in detail in FIG. 4. If desired, a telephone communicator 54 can be included in the system, the communicator being arranged in conven tional manner so that automatic dialing is effected, thus providing a remote warning alarm.

With especial reference to FIGS. 1 and 3, it will be noted that the axis of the transmitter T24 to the receiver R17 (and thus the beam 36) is at height H whereas the axis of transmitter R16 to the receiver R25 (and thus the beam 37) is at height h both being measured above ground level 32.

These heights can be varied to suit the environment and requirements of use. In the particular laser fence disclosed herein, the height h of the lower beam 37 is approximately 2 feet and the height H of the upper beam 36 is approximately 4 feet, the difference in elevation being, therefore, about two feet. The horizontal displacement D between the two beams 36 and 37 is approximately 3 feet.

The height h of about 2 feet, was selected in this particular installation to clear smaller animals who might stray through the fence; whereas, the height H of about four feet was chosen so that the beam would be intercepted by all persons who pass through the fence except small children who, of course, would interrupt the lower beam at height h.

With especial reference to FIG. 4 illustrating the logic circuitry, let it first be assumed that the lower outer beam 37 is interrupted, closing the contacts of relay switch 56 connected to the receiver R25.

A dry contact filter 57, such as a K 581, converts the signal from the relay switch 56 to logic levels, the output signal from the switch filter 57 (K 581) being sharpened by routing it through a Schmitt Trigger 58 (K 501).

All components with the prefix K refer herein to products of the K Series manufactured by Digital Equipment Corporation, Maynard, Mass.

The signal emergent from the Schmitt Trigger divides at a junction 59 and proceeds to actuate a digital tuner 61 (K 303) set for a transit velocity of 0.3 seconds. This approximately corresponds to the time required for an object moving at 10 feet per second (6.85 miles per hour) to traverse the three feet horizontally separating the vertical planes through the outer beam 37 and the inner beam 36. It is to be noted that the delay interval can readily be downwardly or upwardly adjusted to any desired lower or higher velocity, respectively.

At the end of 0.3 seconds, the negative transition of the timer 61 (K 303) fires a one shot 62 (K 323) with an attendant timer control 63 (K 376) affording a time delay of 2.12 seconds, corresponding to a transit velocity over the three foot span horizontally separating the beams of approximately 1% feet per second (1 mile per hour).

The output of the one shot 62 (K- 323 provides one of the inputs to the AND gate 66 (K 123) forthe delay period of 2. 12 seconds. If, during the 2.12 second interval, the inner upper beams 36 is not interrupted, the AND gate logic is not satisfied and, no alarm is given. The logic circuit is then clear to receive any future signal.

If the lower beam 37 is at a height such that it would be interrupted by a dog, for example, or by a young child walking through the fence, whereas the upper, inner beam is at an elevation such that it would notbe so interrupted, there is no cause for alarm. The event is detected anda readout appears at the control box 34, or elsewhere, if desired, but this type of penetration is relatively of no significance.

If, on the other hand, not only the lower, outer beam 37 is interrupted, but, within a short interval, the upper inner beam 36 is also interrupted, the invasion may be of consequence, since the physical parameters are of an older child or an adult, or, in certain localities a larger animal such as a cow, a horse or a deer, for example, or in other environments, a vehicle of some kind- Should the upper, inner beam 36 also be interrupted, then, the event is of importance and the contacts of a relay switch 68 in the receiver R17 are closed. Asbefore, a switch filter 69 (K 581) suitably converts the signal, and as the sharpened signal emerges from the Schmitt Trigger 71 (K 501) it is routed through a junction 72 to an inverter 73 (K 138) to provide the other input to the AND gate 66 (K 123).

Assuming the signal from the upper inner beam 36 reaches the AND gate 66 (K 123) before the gate interval expires, the gate conditions are satisfied, and the gate output is routed through an inverter 74 (K 138) thence through a fiipflop 76 (K 201) to drive a lamp 77 via the driver 78 (K 683). The external load in this instance can be any kind of warning device radio transmitter or telephone communicator and a DPDT relay 80 is provided as a convenience.

In parallel with the velocity discriminator circuitry heretofore described are two flip flops 81 and 82 (K 201) one connected to the junction 59 of the lower outer beam circuitry and the other connected to the junction 72 of the upper inner beam circuitry. Each of these

flip flops

81 and 82 is connected to a lamp driver 83 and 84 (K 683) and power relays 85 and 86 respectively. The breaking of either one of the beams is thereby indicated.

A normally open reset switch 91 is connected via a switch filter 92 (K 581) to the flip flops 81 and 82 (K 201) of both beam signal circuits to restore the system to base condition.

As will be recognized, each sector of the perimetral fence is provided with its own circuitry and readout. Thus, the approximate location of the invasion can be readily determined from the position of the activated readout indicia. In like manner, the sequence of penetration as between the inner and outer beam in any given sector indicates whether the invader passed through the fence from the outside or from the inside.

By suitably modifying the transmitter-receiver stations as to physical dimensions, numbers and arrangements, and by conforming the logic circuitry thereto, a wide variety of security fence uses and requirements is afforded.

What is claimed is:

1. A laser security fence comprising:

a. a first laser beam transmitting station including a first pulsed laser beam generator oriented so as to direct said first beam substantially on a first line of d. a second laser beam receiving station adjacent said first laser beam transmitting station substantially on said second line of sight and oriented so as to intercept said second beam from saidsecond transmitting station, said second receiving station being capable of detecting interruptions in said second beam;

. logic means connected to said first and said second receiving stations for discriminating between predetermined sequences and durations of interruption signals attributed to invasion by a physical body having man parameters of height and velocity, said logic means being programmed to discriminate the man parameter of forward velocity ranging between a slow walking speed of about two feet per second and a running speed of about ten feet per second based upon the intervals between the interruptions of said first and said second beams, andby physical bodies not having said man parameters; and,

. warning means connected to said logic means for alerting security personnel in the event of indicated invation'by a physical body having said man parameters.

Claims

1. A laser security fence comprising: a. a first laser beam transmitting station including a first pulsed laser beam generator oriented so as to direct said first beam substantially on a first line of sight along a perimeter to be protected; b. a first laser beam receiving station located substantially on said first line of sight at a distance from said first laser beam transmitting station at least on the order of one hundred feet, or more, and oriented so as to intercept said first beam from said first transmitting station, said first receiving station being capable of detecting interruptions in said first beam; c. a second laser beam transmitter station adjacent said first laser beam receiving station including a second pulsed laser beam substantially on a second line of sight along the perimeter to be protected, said first line of sight being substantially parallel to said second line of sight, displaced approximately two feet above the horizontal plane of said second line of sight, and displaced approximately three feet laterally from the vertical plane of said second line of slight; d. a second laser beam receiving station adjacent said first laser beam transmitting station substantially on said second line of sight and oriented so as to intercept said second beam from said second transmitting station, said second receiving station being capable of detecting interruptions in said second beam; e. logic means connected to said first and said second receiving stations for discriminating between predetermined sequences and durations of interruption signals attributed to invasion by a physical body having man parameters of height and velocity, said logic means being programmed to discriminate the man parameter of forward velocity ranging between a slow walking speed of about two feet per second and a running speed of about ten feet per second based upon the intervals between the interruptions of said first and said second beams, and by physical bodies not having said man parameters; and, f. warning means connected to said logic means for alerting security personnel in the event of indicated invation by a physical body having said man parameters.