US3326025A - Apparatus for alternately bending to draw wire or plate - Google Patents

Description

J1me 20, 1967 TASABURO NISHIOKA 3,326,025

APPARATUS FOR ALTERNATELY SENDING TO DRAW WIRE OR PLATE Filed Aug. 14, 1964 2 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR.

TASABURO NI SHIOKA ATTYS.

June 20, 1967 TASABURO NISHIOKA 3,326,025

APPARATUS FOR ALTERNATELY SENDING TO DRAW WIRE OR PLATE 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Aug. 14, 1964 175 7 F/Zi Raf/'0 of bending d/b/nefer f0 w/re d/amefer INVENTOR: TASABURO NISHIOKA ATTYS.

United States Patent 3,326,025 APRARATUS FOR ALTERNAT ELY BENDING TO DRAW WIRE 0R PLATE Tasaburo Nishioka, 123 Minamiuemachi, Kishiwadashi, Oosaka-fu, Japan Filed Aug. 14, 1964, Ser. No. 389,737 7 Claims. (Cl. 72-161) The invention relates to the method and apparatus for stretching or drawing a rod, wire, or a plate, hoop, or the elongated material from the raw material.

Prior to the present invention, a method for reducing the diameter of wire for example was to pass the raw material through dies for rolling mills. An Object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus characterized by novel features of construction wherein the raw material is drawn by zigzag bending wherein one side alternately is in tension and then in compression.

Another object of the invention comprises the provision of the method and apparatus of drawing for repeating oppositely the bending of the raw material along the various guide members having a radius of curvature from 2 to 20 times relative to the diameter of raw material, and stretching and transferring continuously said repeated bending material which is processed with larger extension on the tension side relative to lesser contraction on the compression side during the repeated bending operation.

Still another object of the invention comprises the provision of the method and apparatus of drawing for repeating oppositely the bending of the raw mate-rial along a pass groove of the guide roller having a groove diameter of a range from 4 to 12 relative to the diameter of the raw material.

Accordingly, it would be understood that the method and apparatus of the invention for drawing raw material is fundamentally different from the apparatus of drawing of the prior art, and have the particular advantages of which:

(1) Power economy reducing the friction loss of dies.

(2) Equipment economy.

(3) Operation economy reducing the method of acid pickling to remove the surface scales of raw material.

(4) Operating economy.

(5) The reduction of the internal stress produced in the drawn material.

However, when the drawn material of the invention has not generally the accurate round section thereof, if desired, it may pass through the dies, or rollers to correct to the accurate round section thereof.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent upon reading the annexed detailed description in connection with the drawing in which:

FIG. 1 is a side elevational view, partially in section, of the apparatus of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a side view of the wire and the rollers disclosed by the invention;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged side view of the wire and the triangular edges for drawing of finer wire;

FIG. 4 is a diagram for illustrating the relation between the wire and the roller of the invention;

FIG. 5 is the drawing showing the relation between the reducing ratio of wire diameter and the ratio of bending diameter;

FIGS. 6A and B are the sectional views of the first roller and the second roller with a round wire respectively;

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FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 are the sectional views similar to FIG. '6, but the wire is the rectangular or hexagonal form respectively instead of the round bar;

FIG. 9 is a diagrammatic view illustrating schematically drawing apparatus for plate according with the invention.

Referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the bending device 5 of the drawing apparatus embodying the invention comprises a plurality of parallel rollers 3, 3, 3a, 3a with pass grooves 10 having the size similar to the half size of cross section of the raw material 1 and the support 2 rotatably receiving said rollers with the zigzag relation. If desired, the separate bending device 5' with a plurality of parallel rollers 4, 4a may be provided in series at right angle to said bending device 5. Therefore, the drawing apparatus of the invention includes the source 6 of elongated material, the bending device 5 and/or 5' and the capstan 7 and/or the spool 8. The sectional size of the groove 10 of the roller should be preferably similar to the half size of rolling material section and the diameter of roller preferably provides to from 4 to 12 times the diameter or width of material to be rolled, after all in any case it is necessary to provide the permanent strains on the tension side i.e. the outerside of the bent material. If desired, there may be provided to a plurality of stationary edge or triangular edge in Zigzag relation through which the material is passed, but in this case it is necessary to supply the lubricant to reduce the friction. This triangular edge is suitable for the drawing of very fine wire, while it is difilcult to drilling the small aperture in the dies for drawing the very fine wire such as tungsten wire.

The theoretical description for the reduction of the wire diameter due to the bending of the invention is as follows.

FIG. 2 shows one example bending the round bar 1 along the groove 10 of the roller 3, If the factor of elasticity, elastic limit, yield point, and the factor of plasticity on the tension side or the compression side of the raw material is substantially equal to each other, the neutral axis of bending is coincident with the axis of wire.

If the physical property between the tension and the compression has a difference, the neutral axis is biased to whether the tension side, or the compression side relative to the axis of wire. Now, I assume that the compressive strain is not generated, but only the tensile strain is generated, then the neutral axis of bending will present on the contact line between the groove surface of roller and the inner surface of wire.

I assume that, after bending, the cross section of wire is maintained circular and the volume of wire is not changed always; through the calculation, I obtained the reduction curve as shown in FIG. 5 from the relation between the diameter of wire and the diameter of roller. The calculation form for said reduction curve is as follows:

wherein 6 is the diameter of original wire;

k6 is the diameter of bending member; 6 is the diameter of wire after bending.

The condition of bent wire is as follows:

(1) The length of inner surface of bent wire, i.e., the

neutral axis thereof, is not changed; (2) The outer section of wire presents the plastic exable to apply the elongated material with various sizes or shapes. The ratio of bending diameter to wire diameter may be changed according to the composition of material to be bent and/or the shape of raw material.

t As shown FIG. 6A and 6B, the sectional diameter enslon f the ass roove 13a of the second roller 3a has (3) The volume of wire is not changed between before 0 g lesser diameter relatlve to the sectional diameter of the and after when the Wm: 15 bent ass roove 13 of second roller 3 nd 8' il to the (4) The cross section of wire is constantly maintained 3 g a Is Im at rawn wire passed through said pass groove 13, and then a regular circular form.

the dlameteii) of pass hgrooves of SUCECSSWZ rolller 118 de- 55 creased step ystep. T en, in passingt roug ap ura ity of Reducmg who of Wlre dlameter percent 5 +100 rollers it is able to drawfrom thick wire to fine wire b the o ositel re eated bendin without trouble to Reducin ratio y pp y P g k; of Wirge ,dia flatten the wire. If desired, both horizontal roller and 1 24 5 vertical roller may be arranged alternately to prevent 2 the slightly unround deformation.

16 .6 4 10 O In FIG. 7, when the wire to be drawn 1s a rectangular 6 I shape and, the cross section of pass groove of roller n should be a right-angled triangle shape. In FIG. 8, 8 6.9 10 4 3 when the wire 16 to be drawn 1s a hexagonal shape, the cross section of pass groove of roller should be ahalf 20 2.7 30 2 6 size form divided along the diagonal line thereof.

T i f If desired, when electric current flows between the In the vertleal 8X15 Shows the Teduelhg ratlo preferred two points of wire on the drawing apparatus of of Wire diameter in percentage, and the lateral axis the invention, said wire can be annealed from the hardened Sh0WS the magI11fiat1( h 0f the s t r agalnst and cold stressed condition during the bending process. the wire diameter, I discovered that the reducing ratio is While the scales of the Wire surface such as the oxide remarkably decreased on the upper p0rt10n 0t the g of metal have not generally a flexibility, then said scales fieatloh 10 1"Otter dtathetet, and the lng ratio 15 are separated from the surrounding surface of wire acremarkably increased in the under portion of the magmcording to the outside extension of wire bending, and ficatlon 9 thereof. Therefore, 1t is desirable to provide a there is no need to usethe acid pickling to separate ratio between the roller diameter and the wire diameter aid scales of wire surface. to the lesser ratio than a ratio about 9:1, consequently, The water nozzle 12 as shown in FIG. 1 will aid in the the lesser the magnification, the better the appreciable removal of said scales. As the invention has advantage efteetwhich is substantially no slip between the wires surface However, when I use the lesser roller diameter for and the pass groove of roller, it is not necessary to hehdlhg Of Steel Wlfe, the Ieduelhg IatlO 0f Wife dlametet supply the high class lubricants different from the drawls greater, h It y have a fiefeet to break w the ing with dies as known in prior arts. When it is unsuifiwire according to th ha d g efieet 0f Iedtlelhg 0 cient to provide only one spool on the last end portion drawlng p e at room temperature; Therefore p of apparatus to feed and transfer the wire along a plu sumed that It m y preferred to define the who of rality of pass grooves of rollers, it may be provided some hendlhg dlametel' to Wife dlametel into the range from capstan on the intermediate desired portions of apparatus 4 to 10. In the results of experiment, I found that the t upply th drawing force to said wire. preferred ratio of bending diameter to wire diameter is It ill b u der tood that the drawing apparatus of he ehlflrged the range fr 0m 4 to 15, while the the invention has a simple construction and is easily Wlfe hehdltlg 0n h roller Inch-Ides always both the replaced with the conventional, dies or rollers. permanent deformation and the elastic deformation. I fl t f it i difficult to draw the wire through ascertained the theory f t 1HVenti0h y exPel'lmeIlt in the dies with the reducing ratio under 10%, however, whleh the $tee1W1fe, e0PPet Wire, aluminum Wlfe h like, the apparatus of the invention is proceeded easily with is drawn by only its bending without compression on thereducing ratio of few percentages or more percentages. the h' Surface t Wlre y the inwardly radial Also, the apparatus of the invention is easily finely conteree, and Whlch the opposltely repeated bending of Wlre trolled the reducing ratio of drawing by changing the by applying the preferred ratio of bending diameter is pass groove on'the roller. able to draw effectively practically. This invention is The experimental data of the invention are as follows:

Wire dia., mm. Round Reducing Material N R factor, Strength, E,per ratio,

percent kgjmrn. cent percent Max Min. Mean Lead coated wire 0 5.90 5. 40 5. 91. 6 111. O 7. 21 1 10 5.70 5. 25 5.48 92.1 113.9 4.00 0.5

Steel wire, 5.5 m./1n O 5. 79 5. 56 5. 68 9 36- 4 2 Cu wire 0 5. 52 5. 51 5. 52 100. 0 27. 6 12. 10 1 8 4.58 4.36 4. 47 95.1 37.4 3.44 34.3

A1 \Vife O 5.61 5.61 5.61 100.0

in which N is a number of wire drawing device, R

is a number of roller.

Note: Line No. 4 for steel Wire has been drawn through a die to finish a round section for comparing with the drawn wire passed through four dies.

Experimental data of dies drawing is as follows:

Wire dia., mm. Round Reducing Material N R factor, Strength, E, perratio,

percent kg/mrn. cent percent Max. Min. Mean Lead coated wire 1 1 5. 48 5. 48 5. 48 100 114. 2 5. 10 6.0

Steel wire, 5.5 Ira/m... 1 1 4. 72 4. 72 4. 72 100 57. 1 2. 83 31.0 2 1 3. 86 3.84 3. 85 100 63. 2 2.15 33. 5 3 1 3.16 3. 3. 16 100 68. 8 1.80 32. 8 4 1 2. 52 2. 50 2. 51 100 76. 3 1. 72 3G. 2

Cu wire 1 1 4. 48 4. 46 4. 47 100 38. 1 3. 51 34.3

A1 wire 1 1 4. 23 4. 23 4.23 100 13. 3 2. 78 43. 1

It will be seen from which eight rollers of the invention corresponds to one die with the reducing ratio of from 30 to 33 percentages for steel wire and with the reducing ratio of about 43% for aluminum wire.

If desired, it may be provided outwardly complementary roller for contact with the roller of the invention to promote the drawing of wire by its rolling press.

FIG. 9 shows another embodiment of the invention for the elongated plate, in which several rollers 23, 23', 23a, 23a for plate to be drawn is provided. When the width of roller is larger, it may be provided the back up roller 24 to pervent the bending tendency of said rollers 23, 23 along their axes. To promote the drawing of wire, it may be provided outwardly complementary roller for contact with said roller 23, 23' to reduce the rolling steps.

Whereas the invention has been shown and described with respect to the preferred embodiments thereof which gives satisfactory results, it should be understood that changes may be made and equivalents substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

I claim as my invention:

1. Drawing apparatus for raw material such as wire or plate comprising a source from which the raw material is supplied, a bending device having a plurality of parallel rollers arranged in Zig-zag relation and take up means on which the drawn wire or plate is accumulated, said roller comprising horizontal and vertical rollers arranged alternatively to prevent the un-round section.

is provided in series at right angle relation to said bending device.

4. Drawing apparatus as described in claim 1 wherein the ratio of bending diameter to wire diameter has a range from about 2 to 20.

5. Drawing apparatus as described in claim 1, wherein several capstan are arranged on the suitable intermediate portion of said bending device.

6. Drawing apparatus as described in claim 1, wherein a complement roller is arranged on the outside portion of bending roller to promote the reducing ratio of raw material.

7. Drawing apparatus for raw material such as wire or plate comprising a source from which the raw material is supplied, a bending device having a plurality of parallel rollers arranged in Zig-Zag relation, take up means on which the drawn wire or plate is accumulated and at least one die behind the bending device to shape the drawn wire to a desired cross section.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 511,422 12/1893 Haskin 72-166 1,824,568 9/1931 Peirce 72-362 WILLIAM W. DYER, IR., Primary Examiner.

G. A. DOST, Assistant Examiner.

Claims (1)

1. DRAWING APPARATUS FOR RAW MATERIAL SUCH AS WIRE OR PLATE COMPRISING A SOURCE FROM WHICH THE RAW MATERIAL IS SUPPLIED, A BENDING DEVICE HAVING A PLURALITY OF PARALLEL ROLLERS ARRANGED IN ZIG-ZAG RELATION AND TAKE UP MEANS

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