US2321428A - Nozzle - Google Patents

Description

NOZZLE :Filed April 25, 1939 INVENTOR. SCHLOZ Y F M01/VAN@ G,

Patented Jung s, 1 943 UNITED STATES [PATENT OFFICE 2,321,428 e NozzLE Ferdinand G. Schloz, Philadelphia, Pa. Application April 25,.1939,.seria1`N0. 269,849 l 2 claims. (C1. 299-120) My improvements are primarily designed to provide a. sprayer in whichY danger of clogging the passages by dirt or congealed liquid is reduced grooved diagonally to the threads and to the axis `of the body to provide ducts connecting the i-nlet to a minimum; in which a curvilinear or helical I motion is imparted to the liquid prior to its admission to a, swirling chamber adjacentv the exit orice; and from which the atomized liquid is discharged as a conoidal cloud of substantially uniform density.

My improvements are preferably embodied in a sprayer having its swirling chamber fed through ducts from which liquid is discharged both tangentially to the annular Wall of the swirling chamber, to form the peripheral portion of the vaporous jet, and at or toward the center of the swirling chamber, to form the center of the vaporous jet. Some or all of the ducts through which the liquid is fed are so curved or inclined as to impart a circular or helical movement and apply centrifugal force to the iiowing liquid. Where very small quantities of liquid are being fed, the direction of movement and the force imparted thereto by such curved ducts before entering the swirling chamber may so unify the density of the vaporous jet produced therefrom as to render unnecessarythe feeding of auxiliary liquid to or toward the center of the swirling chamber. The sprayer preferably comprises a hollow shell, containingl a spray orice, and a body housed therein and having grooved surfaces complementary to surfaces of the shell to provide liquid supply ducts. The telescoped body also has surfaces spaced from complementary surfaces of the shell to form a series of chambers connected by the ducts and terminating ina swirling chamber discharging to the spray orice.

The forepart of the body may be recessed axially so as to provide an extension or enlargement of the swirling chamber and permit the axial introduction of liquid into the swirling chamber through such extension without intersecting or disrupting the wall of liquid formed in the swirling chamber by liquid delivered thereto The concentricity of the threading,v

sprayer shown in Fig. 1;

shank for mounting it during the threading, facing and grooving operations.

The threaded shoulder of the body mayv be chamber with a second chamber of the sprayer and impart an initial rotary movement and centrifugal and atomizing force. to the liquid so that thereby, andby the curvature of ducts leading to the swirling chamber, the velocity of the liquid is increased, abrupt changes in the direction thereofl inits ow to the swirling chamberare minimized, the ducts and chambers are scoured to prevent any clogging thereof by dirt or congealed oil,\and theperipheral wall of liquid is caused to so -hug the wall of the swirling cham'- l ber so as to permitthe use of a larger orifice for thesame capacity output. L l

The advantages of my improvements are most pronounced when all the features thereof are embodied i-n a single structure, but certain of the advantages of. my improvements may be obtained even though one or more of the preferred features are omitted or modified.

The characteristic features and advantages of my improvements will further appear from the following description and ,thel accompanying drawing in illustration of various embodiments of my invention.

In the drawing,

Fig. 1 is a. longitudinal sectional view of a sprayer embodying my invention;

Fig. 2 is a top plan view of the body of the Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectional .view of a sprayer having a, body differing in details from the body of Figs. 1 and 2; v

Fig. 4 is a top plan View of theV body shown in Fig. 3; and A Fig. 5 is a part sectional elevation of a sprayer having a shell similar to those shown in Figs. 1 and 3 but a further modified body.

In the embodiments of my invention illustrated inthe drawing, a hollow shell ortip has a taper-` ing nose I, containing an orifice 2 at its apex, a polygonal shoulder 3, and an exteriorly threaded shank 4 adapted to be screwed into a supply Ypipe fitting so that the radial face of the shoulder is moved into abutting, sealing relation to the end wall of the fitting. The inner surface of the shell has a conoidal section 5 at the forepart thereof, a smooth cylindrical intermediate section 6, and a threaded cylindrical section 1 at the base thereof.

' The shell contains a. complementary body or plug forming therewith a swirling chamber 9 discharging through the orifice 2, an intermediate chamber 9 and an inlet chamber I0 into which liquid under pressure is delivered from the supply pipe.

The body or plug has a conoidal face II abutting the surface 5, a cylindrical surface I2 spaced from the surface 6, an enlarged threaded shoulder I3 screwed into the threaded section 1 and a conoidal shank Il; The shank I4 may terminate in a cylindrical buttY I5 containing a diametral slot I6 as shown i-n Figs. 1, 5, or the butt may be eliminated and a diametral slot I6'v cut in the botom of the shank as illustrated in Fig. 3. Thev taper of the shank I4 not only gradually decreases the cross section of the chamber III but also provides a hold by which the body may be chucked to turn the face and threaded shoulder I3 in true concentricity with each other and with the surface 5 so as to insure flush ycontact between the surface 5 and face when the body is screwed up tight in the shell.

The shoulder I3 is intersected by slots Il extending diagonally of the body axis so that streams of liquid flowing from the inlet chamber I0 to the intermediate chamber 9 strike the l curved wall thereof at angles which impart helical or curvilinear motion to the streams.

In the embodiment illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, the head of the body is recessed to provide a chamber I8 having an upper edge coterminous with the lower edge of the chamber 9. The bottom of the chamber I8 is constricted to form an axial passage I9 into which liquid is tangentially discharged through the 3 transverse passages 20 communicating with the chamber 8.

The conoidal face II contains curved grooves or ducts 2| leading from the chamber 9 to the chambers 8 and I8 adjacent to the juncture between their coterminous edges. Preferably the curvature of the outer wall of each groove 2| has a radius approximately equal to one half the length of a straight line drawn from a point in the inner or top edge of the face II through the body axis to a diametral point in the outer or bottom edge of the face plus one half the width of the groove. The center of the curve is at a point substantially midway the length of such straight line. When the outer curve of the groove is so shaped it coincides at its inner end with the wall of the swirling chamber and the emitted Jet is so directed as to leave no open space between the jet and the wall of the swirling chamber. The innerwall of each groove is concentric with the outer wall thereof and coincides at its outer end with the cylindrical face of the body.

The curvature of the grooves may, however, be varied within the scope of my invention so long as adequate curvilinear motion and centrifugal force is imparted to the liquid without unduly retarding the flow. accomplished if the curvature of each groove 2| is such that the angle between lines drawn from the longitudinal axis of the sprayer to the intersections of the center line of the groove with the edges of the face II is not less than 90 nor more than 180.

The jets emitted from the curved ducts 2| contact the annular walls of the chambers 9 and I8 without appreciable vimpact and are given a swirling motion forming an annular wall around the swirling `1ct emitted from the passage I9. The swirling streams of liquid are emitted from the orifice 2 as atomized particles forming a conoidal cloud of substantially uniform density. The

Generally this will be curvilinear motion and centrifugal force imparted to the liquid in passing from the chamber III to the swirling chambers 8 and I8, and the elimination of abrupt changes in the direction of flow, scour the passages and augment the rate of flow and the nebulizing of the liquid.

In the embodiment illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4, the head and stock of the body are made in two pieces instead of being made integrally as in Figs.

1 and 2. The stock has its upper end cylindri-i cally recessed to receive the base of the head which has its lower edge undercut so as to form with the body an annular channel 20' communi,

cating with the 'chamber 9 through the ports 20". The bottom of the head has a face having its inner circular 4edge coincident with the bottom of the passage I9 and its outer circular edge coincident with the bottom inner edge of the channel 20'. The bottom face of the head contai'ns.

grooves 20a connecting the channel 20' with the passage I9 and each curved on a radius equal to one-half the length of a line drawn from a point in the inner edge of the face, through the axis of the body to a diametral point in the outer edge of the face plus one-half the width of the groove. The center of each groove lies midway the ends of such a line and the grooves are equidistantly spaced. The curvature of the ducts' 20a has an effect upon liquid flowing therethrough similar to the effect imparted by the curved ducts 2| to liquid flowing therethrough.

Where the volume of liquid to be sprayed is small, the body chamber I8, passage I9, and ducts leading therethrough may be eliminatedas shown in Fig. 5. In such case the curved ducts 2| discharge directly into Athe swirling chamber 8 whose bottom is formed by the flattened front end of the body, and the force and direction imparted to the liquid prior to its introduction into the swirling chamber serve to insure the atomization thereof in a conoidal cloud having a desired uniformity of density.

By my improvements sudden-changes of direction of flow of the liquidare minimized with consequent reduction in friction and in the formation of eddies and liquid is supplied to the center of a jet with minimum interference with the supply 0f liquid to the periphery of the Jet. My improvements further permit the orifice to be made of larger area for the same rated capacity, while still giving an increased velocity and decreased danger of clogging.

Having described my invention I claim:

1. A sprayer comprising a hollow shell containing a spray orifice, and a body housed in said shell and having a forepart forming a conoidal face with its upper edge spaced from the longitudinal axis of the sprayer and its lower edge concentric with such axis, said body having surfaces complementary to and spaced from surfaces of said shell to form chambers including a swirl ing chamber discharging through said spray orice, said face containing grooves and being positioned adjacent to a complementary surface of said shell to provide liquid supply ducts to said swirling chamber from another chamber aforesaid, the grooves in said face comprising a plurality of symmetrically disposed curved grooves and the curvature of the outer wall of each groove having a radius approximately equal to one-half the length of a straight line drawn from a point in the upper edge of said face, through said axis to a diametral point in the bottom edge of said face plus one-half the width of the groove; the center of curvature of such outer Wall being at a point substantially midway the length of such straight line, and the outer curve of each groove substantially coinciding at its inner end with the wall of the swirling chamber so as to leave no open space between a 1et emitted from such groove and the wall of the swirling chamber; and the inner wall of each groove having a curvature concentric with the curvature of the outer wall thereof.

2. A sprayer comprising a hollow shell containing a spray orice and a two-piece body housed in said shell and forming therewith a plurality of

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