US20150352617A1

US20150352617A1 - Apparatuses and methods for pressing

Info

Publication number: US20150352617A1
Application number: US14/733,336
Authority: US
Inventors: Jim Allen
Original assignee: Subsea Global Solutions LLC
Current assignee: Subsea Global Solutions LLC
Priority date: 2014-06-06
Filing date: 2015-06-08
Publication date: 2015-12-10
Also published as: WO2015188186A1

Abstract

Embodiments of the present invention include systems and methods for the underwater or dry dock repair of damaged articles, including structural steel members and associated appendages, as well as propellers of vessels. The disclosed embodiments include a pressing apparatus including a structural body, a ram, a first fixture plate, a ballast tank having variable buoyancy control, and a working envelope. The ram is secured to the structural body and has a pressing surface. The first fixture plate is secured to the structural body at a location opposite the ram and has a first working surface. The ballast tank is formed within the structural body. The working envelope is located between the pressing surface and the first working surface. The ram is adjustable in a plane parallel or perpendicular to the first working surface. The first fixture plate is adjustable in a plane parallel to the pressing surface.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/008,963, filed on Jun. 6, 2014, which is incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD

The present invention generally relates to apparatuses and methods for repairing articles, and in exemplary though non-limiting embodiments, to apparatuses and methods for repairing vessel propellers by accommodating, bending, and straightening the propellers underwater.

BACKGROUND

Current demands of international trade and commerce requires the increased world-wide transportation of several goods on ships. Unfortunately, this increased ship traffic has also resulted in damages to the ships due to collisions or running aground. Some of these accidents require major repairs, which forces the ship to be placed in a dry-dock. Dry-docking a ship requires the use of expensive dock space that includes using large tracts of ocean front real estate and highly customized equipment. Additionally, any repair performed at a dry dock results in lost vessel operating time.
On the other hand, some of these accidents do not require major repairs. For example, the only damage sustained by a ship running aground or striking a floating log or metal debris may be a bent propeller. Traditionally, ships had to be placed in a dry-dock, or the propeller had to be removed from the vessel and floated to a dry surface, to effect even simple repairs to a bent propeller.
Apparatuses and methods for straightening and repairing propeller presses underwater were first disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,315,856 and 5,377,521, both of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference hereto.
Existing underwater propeller repair presses, however, have several disadvantages. First, these presses are generally made of solid steel and are relatively heavy (at least a few thousand pounds). These presses are hard to maneuver and have corrosion problems. Further, these presses often utilize floatation collars made of a buoyant material such as closed cell foam to allow the manipulation of the press underwater. These closed cell foam floatation collars generally possess inflexible buoyancy characteristics, and are cumbersome and easily damaged.
Accordingly, a need exists for a lighter, agile, more corrosion resistant, stronger, cost-effective, and efficient press with more flexible buoyancy characteristics. The present invention satisfies this need.

SUMMARY

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, a pressing apparatus is provided. The pressing apparatus includes a structural body, a ram secured to the structural body and having a pressing surface, a first fixture plate secured to the structural body at a location opposite the ram, wherein the first fixture plate has a first working surface, a ballast tank having variable buoyancy control formed within the structural body, a working envelope located between the pressing surface and the first working surface, wherein the ram is adjustable in a plane parallel or perpendicular to the first working surface, wherein the first fixture plate is adjustable in a plane parallel to the pressing surface. The apparatus may include a wheel positioned adjacent to the ram, the wheel configured to adjust movement of the ram. The structural body of the apparatus may have a semi-circular or C-shape. The apparatus may include a threaded insert located on the pressing surface of the ram, the threaded insert configured for insertion of attachments to assist the ram in pressing materials. The ram may be a hydraulic ram capable of being operated by divers, topside personal, or a remote operated vehicle (ROV).
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, a pressing apparatus is provided. The pressing apparatus includes a structural body, a ram secured to the structural body and having a pressing surface, a first fixture plate secured to the structural body at a location opposite the ram, wherein the first fixture plate has a first working surface, a ballast tank formed within the structural body, a working envelope located between the pressing surface and the first working surface, wherein the first fixture plate is adjustable in a plane parallel to the pressing surface. The ram may be adjustable in a plane parallel or perpendicular to the first working surface. The apparatus may include a wheel positioned adjacent to the ram, the wheel configured to adjust movement of the ram. The ram may be a hydraulic ram capable of being operated by divers, topside personal, or a remote operated vehicle (ROV). The apparatus may include multiple ballast tanks formed within the structural body of the apparatus. The structural body may have a semi-circular or C-shape. The apparatus may include a base plate secured to the structural body at a location opposite the ram, wherein the first fixture plate is mounted on and secured to the base plate. The base plate may include a series of grooves on its opposing sides, the grooves configured such that the first fixture plate can be moved along and attached to various points on the base plate. The apparatus may include a second fixture plate secured to the structural body at a location adjacent to the first fixture plate, wherein the second fixture plate has a second working surface. The apparatus may further include an exterior plate enveloping an outer surface of the structural body, the exterior plate configured to provide additional rigidity to the apparatus. The structural body of the apparatus may be made of titanium. The apparatus may include attachment points located at various points on the structural body, the attachment points configured for mounting fixtures and tooling and balancing the apparatus. The apparatus may include a single point lifting device projecting outwardly from an end of the structural body, the single point lifting device configured so that the apparatus can be lifted from the water by cable or other lifting mechanisms. The working envelope of the apparatus may have a length of approximately 33.5 inches.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, a pressing apparatus is provided. The pressing apparatus includes a structural body, a ram secured to the structural body and having a pressing surface, a first fixture plate secured to the structural body at a location opposite the ram, wherein the first fixture plate has a first working surface, and a working envelope located between the pressing surface and the first working surface, wherein the first fixture plate is adjustable in a plane parallel to the pressing surface. The apparatus may include a ballast tank formed within the structural body, the ballast tank configured to provide variable buoyancy control to the structural body. The apparatus may include multiple ballast tanks formed within the structural body. The apparatus may include a wheel positioned adjacent to the ram, the wheel configured to adjust movement of the ram. The apparatus may weigh approximately 700 lbs. The ram is capable of applying approximately 9800 psi or approximately 200 tons of pressure. The ram is also capable of applying approximately 4700 psi or approximately 100 tons of pressure.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, a method for repairing a damaged article underwater is provided. The method includes submerging a pressing apparatus under a water surface by decreasing the buoyancy of the apparatus, wherein the pressing apparatus includes a structural body, a ram secured to the structural body and having a pressing surface, a first fixture plate secured to the structural body at a location opposite the ram and having a first working surface, a ballast tank having variable buoyancy control formed within the structural body, a working envelope located between the pressing surface and the first working surface, wherein the first fixture plate is adjustable in a plane parallel to the pressing surface. The ram may be adjustable in a plane parallel or perpendicular to the first working surface. The method includes moving the apparatus to a position adjacent to the damaged article, placing the damaged article into the working envelope such that a damaged portion of the article is placed on the first working surface and positioned directly beneath the ram, and repairing the damaged article by applying a force to the damaged portion of the article using the pressing surface of the ram. The method further includes removing the apparatus from the article, and raising the apparatus towards the water surface by increasing the buoyancy of the apparatus. The method includes rotating a wheel positioned adjacent to the ram, the wheel configured to adjust movement of the ram.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a pressing apparatus, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a side view of the pressing apparatus shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a top view of the pressing apparatus shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a partial sectional view of a nose attachment inserted into a ram, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5A is an isometric front view of a ram positioning wheel, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5B is an isometric back view of the ram positioning wheel shown in FIG. 5A.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Like reference characters denote like parts in the several Figures.
The present disclosure provides apparatuses and methods for the underwater or dry dock repair of damaged articles, including structural steel members and associated appendages, as well as propellers of vessels. Embodiments include a pressing apparatus that may be floated down from a water surface and placed next to a propeller for repair. The propeller may then be placed within the apparatus and repaired. Once repaired, the apparatus may be removed from the propeller and floated back up towards the water surface.
Referring now to the FIGS. 1 to 3, a pressing apparatus 100 is shown. Pressing apparatus 100 includes a structural body 101. Structural body 101 has a general C-shape where the bottom portion 77 of the C-shape extends past the top portion 88 of the C-shape. However, structural body 101 may be formed into any other shape suitable for performing the functions of the apparatus 100, e.g., a semi-circular shape or a square shape. In this embodiment, the bottom of the C-shape may extend past the top of the C-shape by approximately 26 inches. In a particular embodiment, the outer radius, A, of the C-shaped structural body 101 may be 31.5 inches, and the inner radius, B, of the C-shaped structural body 101 may be 9 inches.
Structural body 101 may be made of titanium. In an exemplary embodiment, the structural body 101 is made of Grade 5 Titanium (6Al-4V). The parts of the structural body 101 may be welded or riveted. In embodiments, the parts of the structural body may be fully welded for extra strength.
In embodiments of the present invention, the apparatus 100 includes multiple ballast tanks formed within the structural body 101. In other embodiments, the apparatus 100 may include a single ballast tank formed within the structural body 101. Utilizing one or multiple internal ballast tanks within a structural body of the apparatus 100 with easily controlled variable buoyancy provides for easy and fast control of the pressing apparatus 100 by a diver, ROV, or topside personnel. The internal ballast tanks in the present invention function by way of the basic principle of buoyancy. When the apparatus and internal ballast tanks are above the water surface, they have “positive buoyancy” and can float because they are less dense than the water around them. At this point, the ballast tanks are mainly full of air. To submerge the apparatus 100 and internal ballast tanks below the water surface, the ballast tanks must have “negative buoyancy.” To achieve this “negative buoyancy”, buoyancy chambers in the ballast tanks are “flooded” by slowly letting in water using valves and/or ports on the ballast tanks, at which point the ballast tanks begin to sink. Once filled with water, the ballast tanks are denser than the surrounding water. Submerged, the ballast tanks achieve “neutral buoyancy”, meaning the weight of the ballast tanks equals the amount of water it displaces. The ballast tanks will neither rise nor sink in this state. At this point, the exact depth of the ballast tanks can be controlled by adjusting its water to air ratio using valves and/or ports on the ballast tanks. To bring the apparatus 100 and internal ballast tanks back to the water surface, and thus achieve “positive buoyancy,” the buoyancy chambers in the ballast tanks are “deballasted” by forcing water out with air using valves or pumps. The ballast tanks are key to the apparatus 100 having a lighter weight compared to prior presses. In an exemplary embodiment, pressing apparatus 100 weighs approximately 700 lbs.
Structural body 101 may also include gauges to monitor pressurization and allow the apparatus 100 to withstand high pressures and stresses in subsea environments. In a particular embodiment, the apparatus 100 may withstand a maximum load of 200,000 lbs. By the use of weights, the structural body 101 may be trimmed and positioned to a proper attitude for its intended use in any axis. This may be accomplished by the use of multiple attachment points 205 located at various points on the structural body 101. See FIG. 2. Attachment points 205 may be configured for mounting fixtures and tooling and balancing the apparatus 100. In an exemplary embodiment, the attachment points 205 are configured to surround a working envelope 201 of the apparatus 100. See FIG. 2.
In some embodiments, several padeyes may be bolted or welded to the structural body 101. These padeyes may be shaped as rings or hooks and used as attachment devices for the apparatus 100. Structural body 101 may also include a variety of ports to control the respective densities of the internal ballast tanks and facilitate their movement and buoyancy. In an embodiment of the present invention, the ports may be used to change the density of the internal ballast tanks by changing the pressure of the material within the structural body 101 and/or internal ballast tanks (for example, by increasing the pressure of air). In alternative embodiments, the ports may be used to change the density of the internal ballast tanks by changing the material comprised within the structural body 101 and/or internal ballast tanks (e.g. substituting air for water or vice versa). Modifying this density within the structural body 101 and/or internal ballast tanks through buoyancy allows for easy control and movement of the apparatus 100 while underwater.
In embodiments of the present invention, the apparatus 100 includes a ram 115 secured to the structural body 101. See FIGS. 1 and 2. In an exemplary embodiment, the ram 115 is a hydraulic ram 115 capable of being operated by underwater divers, remote operated vehicle (ROV), and/or topside personal above the water surface. Apparatuses and methods of using hydraulics for operating rams are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,315,856 and 5,377,521, both of which are incorporated herein by reference. Ram 115 is hydraulically activated via hydraulic cylinders and/or motors and hydraulic lines and/or connections to an ROV and/or topside. Hydraulic ram 115 may be operated with a remote power supply and housed in an engineered corrosion resistant, high strength, structural apparatus 100. The pressure and force exerted by the ram 115 may be monitored by the use of gauges visible to the diver, ROV, and/or as topside personal. This constant monitoring mitigates the risk of over-pressurization and contributes to overall operator safety. In alternative embodiments, the ram 115 may be electrically or mechanically operated. The hydraulic ram 115 may be made from aluminum. In an exemplary embodiment, the hydraulic ram 115 is made from 7075-T6 Annodized Aluminum.
Ram 115 includes a pressing surface 114 at its bottom face. Pressing surface 114 may be configured to apply a pressure and/or force on a damaged portion of a bent or otherwise damaged propeller in order to straighten and repair it. In an exemplary embodiment, the pressing surface 114 includes a threaded insert 149 located on the pressing surface 114 of the ram. Threaded insert 149 is configured for insertion of various nose attachments to assist the ram 115 in pressing bent or damaged portions of propellers or other structural materials. FIG. 4 is a partial sectional view of a nose attachment inserted into the ram 115. In this embodiment, an adjustable contact nose attachment 150 and a lock nut 151 are attached and inserted into the threaded insert 149 of the pressing surface 114 of the ram 115. Although contact nose attachment 150 having a spherical shape is shown, other attachments may be used and may have contact surfaces configured with different shapes for different pressing applications. Further, these attachments may have other shapes configured for straightening and/or repairing a propeller, including a complex helical shape (to accommodate a longer circumferential area), channel shape, and/or flat shape. In an exemplary embodiment, the adjustable contact nose 150 is made of 7075-T6 Annodized Aluminum, and the lock nut 151 is made of stainless steel or aluminum.
In embodiments of the present invention, the ram 115 is adjustable and/or movable in multiple directions and angles to provide for more efficient and faster pressing and repairing of materials. Ram 115 may be adjustable in a plane parallel or perpendicular to a first working surface 106 of a first fixture plate 105 secured to the structural body 101 at a location opposite the ram 115. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the ram 115 is adjustable in the X-axis and/or Y-axis. In an exemplary embodiment, the ram 115 is adjustable by 6 inches in the X-axis, and by 10 inches in the Y-axis. Ram 115 is capable of applying approximately 9800 psi or approximately 200 tons of pressure. In alternative embodiments, the ram 115 is capable of applying approximately 4700 psi or approximately 100 tons of pressure.
In embodiments of the present invention, the apparatus 100 includes a wheel 116 positioned adjacent to the ram 11. FIGS. 5A and 5B are isometric front and back views of the wheel 116. Wheel 116 is capable of being operated and/or rotated by underwater divers or ROVs to operate movement of the ram 115. See FIG. 1. In an exemplary embodiment, the wheel 116 has a radius of 10 inches. In a particular embodiment, the wheel 116 is made of aluminum. Wheel 116 operates the ram 115 by a rack and pinion mechanism. Wheel is tied and/or fixed to a threaded shaft 95, which is threaded into a lead screw/nut. Lead screw/nut is attached to the ram 115. Once the wheel 116, and thus the shaft 95, is rotated, the lead screw/nut thereby moves the ram 115 in the X-axis. In alternative embodiments, wheel 116 may move ram 115 by any other known methods.
In embodiments of the present invention, a first fixture plate 105 is secured to the structural body 101 at a location opposite a ram 115. See FIG. 1. First fixture plate 105 has a first working surface 106. First fixture plate 105 may be adjustable or non-adjustable. In an exemplary embodiment, the first fixture plate 105 is adjustable. In a particular embodiment, the first fixture plate 105 may be 10.5 inches wide, 8 inches long, and have a thickness of 0.5 inches. In this embodiment, the first fixture plate 105 may weigh approximately 6.72 lbs. Apparatus 100 may include a base plate 120 secured to the structural body 101 at a location opposite the ram 115. Base plate 120 may be adjustable or non-adjustable. In an exemplary embodiment, the base plate 120 is non-adjustable. In a particular embodiment, the base plate 120 may be 10.5 inches wide, 10.667 inches long, and have a thickness of 0.5 inches. In this embodiment, the base plate 120 may weigh approximately 8.96 lbs.
First fixture plate 105 is mounted on and secured to the base plate 120. In this embodiment, the first fixture plate 105 is adjustable in a plane parallel to the pressing surface 114 of the ram 115. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the first fixture plate 105 may be adjustable in the X-axis. Base plate 120 includes a series of grooves 121 on its opposing sides that allow the base plate 120 to be secured to the structural body 101. The series of grooves 121 may correspond to holes 107 on the first fixture plate 105, and configured such that the first fixture plate 105 is moved along and attached to various points on the base plate 120. First fixture plate 105 and base plate 120 may be mechanically secured to each other, including screws, bolts, and/or any other suitable permanent or non-permanent attachment mechanisms.
In embodiments of the present invention, a second fixture plate 110 may be secured to the structural body 101 at a location opposite the ram 115. See FIG. 1. Second fixture plate 110 may have a second working surface 111. Second fixture plate 110 may be adjustable or non-adjustable. In an exemplary embodiment, the second fixture plate 110 is non-adjustable. First and second working surfaces 106 111 are configured to hold a damaged article such as a bent propeller in place such that the propeller rests on both working surfaces 106 111 prior to being repaired by the apparatus 100. In an exemplary embodiment, the first fixture plate 105, base plate 120, and second fixture plate 110 each have a rectangular shape. Alternatively, the first fixture plate 105, base plate 120, and/or second fixture plate 110 may have any other shape suitable for holding the propeller in place for repair. In some embodiments, the second fixture plate 110 may also include a series of grooves on its opposing sides that allow the second fixture plate 110 to be secured to the structural body 101. In alternative embodiments, the series of grooves on the second fixture plate 110 may correspond to holes on another fixture plate configured to move along and be attached to various points on the second fixture plate 110. In a particular embodiment, the second fixture plate 110 may be 10.5 inches wide, 8 inches long, and have a thickness of 0.5 inches. In this embodiment, the second fixture plate 110 may weigh approximately 6.72 lbs.
Apparatus 100 may include an exterior plate 125 enveloping an outer surface of the structural body 101. See FIGS. 1 and 2. Exterior plate 125 is configured to provide additional rigidity to the apparatus 100. Exterior plate 125 may extend along the entire outer surface of the structural body 101. In an alternative embodiment, the exterior plate 125 may extend along a part of the outer surface of the structural body 101. In an exemplary embodiment, the exterior plate 125 may have a width of ten inches and a radius of 31.5 inches.
In embodiments of the present invention, the apparatus 100 includes a working envelope 201 located between the pressing surface 114 of the ram 115 and the first working surface 106 of the first fixture plate 105. See FIG. 2. Working envelope 201 is configured such that a damaged propeller may be fully or partially placed within the working envelope 201 such that it rests on the first and second working surfaces 106 111 of the first and second fixture plates 105 110 prior to being pressed and/or repaired. In an exemplary embodiment, the working envelope has a length of approximately 33.5 inches.
Apparatus 100 may include a single point lifting device 220 projecting outwardly from an end of the structural body 101. See FIG. 2. Single point lifting device 220 is configured so that the apparatus 100 may be lifted from the water by cable or any other known lifting mechanisms.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a method of repairing a damaged propeller of a vessel underwater includes submerging a pressing apparatus 100 under a water surface by decreasing the buoyancy of the apparatus 100. Apparatus 100 includes a structural body 101, a ram 115 secured to the structural body 101 and having a pressing surface 114 at its bottom face, a first fixture plate 105 secured to the structural body 101 at a location opposite the ram 115 and having a first working surface 106, a ballast tank having variable buoyancy control formed within the structural body 101, and a working envelope 201 located between the pressing surface 114 of the ram 115 and the first working surface 106 of the first fixture plate 105. The apparatus 100 includes a second fixture plate 110 secured to the structural body 101 at a location opposite the ram 115 and having a second working surface 111. The first fixture plate 105 and second fixture plate 110 may be adjustable or non-adjustable in a plane parallel to the pressing surface 114 of the ram 115. The method includes moving the apparatus 100 to a position adjacent to the damaged propeller, and placing the damaged propeller into the working envelope 201 such that a damaged portion of the propeller is placed on the first working surface 106 and/or second working surface 111 and positioned directly beneath the ram 115. The method includes rotating a wheel 116 positioned adjacent to the ram 115, with the wheel 116 configured to operate movement of the ram 115. The damaged propeller is then repaired by applying a force to the damaged portion of the propeller using the pressing surface 114 of the ram 115. After the propeller is repaired, the apparatus 100 is removed from the propeller and raised towards the water surface by increasing the buoyancy of the apparatus 100. Although this method discloses repairing and/or pressing propellers, the apparatus 100 disclosed herein may also accommodate, bend, straighten, and thereby repair other damaged or bent structural steel members and associated appendages. The vessel of the present disclosure can take several forms. In some instances, the vessel may be a cargo, container, or tanker ship. In other embodiments, the vessel may be a remote drilling or space launch platform, submarine, warship, tug, or any other vessel containing propellers.
While the embodiments are described with reference to various implementations and exploitations, it will be understood that these embodiments are illustrative and that the scope of the inventions is not limited to them. Many variations, modifications, additions, and improvements are possible. Further still, any steps described herein may be carried out in any desired order, and any desired steps added or deleted.

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. A pressing apparatus, comprising:

a structural body;

a ram secured to the structural body and having a pressing surface;

a first fixture plate secured to the structural body at a location opposite the ram, wherein the first fixture plate has a first working surface;

a ballast tank having variable buoyancy control formed within the structural body;

a working envelope located between the pressing surface and the first working surface;

wherein the ram is adjustable in a plane parallel or perpendicular to the first working surface,

wherein the first fixture plate is adjustable in a plane parallel to the pressing surface.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a wheel positioned adjacent to the ram, the wheel configured to adjust movement of the ram.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the structural body has a semi-circular or C-shape.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a threaded insert located on the pressing surface of the ram, the threaded insert configured for insertion of attachments to assist the ram in pressing materials.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the ram is a hydraulic ram capable of being operated by divers, topside personal, or a remote operated vehicle (ROV).

6. A pressing apparatus, comprising:

a structural body;

a ram secured to the structural body and having a pressing surface;

a ballast tank formed within the structural body;

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the ram is adjustable in a plane parallel or perpendicular to the first working surface.

8. The apparatus of claim 7, further comprising a wheel positioned adjacent to the ram, the wheel configured to adjust movement of the ram.

9. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein multiple ballast tanks are formed within the structural body.

10. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the structural body has a semi-circular or C-shape.

11. The apparatus of claim 6, further comprising a base plate secured to the structural body at a location opposite the ram, wherein the first fixture plate is mounted on and secured to the base plate.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the base plate includes a series of grooves on its opposing sides, the grooves configured such that the first fixture plate can be moved along and attached to various points on the base plate.

13. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the ram is a hydraulic ram capable of being operated by divers, topside personal, or a remote operated vehicle (ROV).

14. The apparatus of claim 6, further comprising a second fixture plate secured to the structural body at a location adjacent to the first fixture plate, wherein the second fixture plate has a second working surface.

15. The apparatus of claim 6, further comprising an exterior plate enveloping an outer surface of the structural body, the exterior plate configured to provide additional rigidity to the apparatus.

16. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the structural body is made of titanium.

17. The apparatus of claim 6, further comprising attachment points located at various points on the structural body, the attachment points configured for mounting fixtures and tooling and balancing the apparatus.

18. The apparatus of claim 6, further comprising a single point lifting device projecting outwardly from an end of the structural body, the single point lifting device configured so that the apparatus can be lifted from the water by cable or other lifting mechanisms.

19. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the working envelope has a length of approximately 33.5 inches.

20. A pressing apparatus, comprising:

a structural body;

a ram secured to the structural body, wherein the ram has a pressing surface;

21. The apparatus of claim 20, further comprising a ballast tank formed within the structural body, the ballast tank configured to provide variable buoyancy control to the structural body.

22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein multiple ballast tanks are formed within the structural body.

23. The apparatus of claim 20, further comprising a wheel positioned adjacent to the ram, the wheel configured to adjust movement of the ram.

24. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the apparatus may weigh approximately 700 lbs.

25. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the ram is capable of applying approximately 9800 psi or approximately 200 tons of pressure.

26. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the ram is capable of applying approximately 4700 psi or approximately 100 tons of pressure.

27. A method for repairing a damaged article underwater, comprising:

submerging a pressing apparatus under a water surface by decreasing the buoyancy of the apparatus, wherein the pressing apparatus includes a structural body, a ram secured to the structural body and having a pressing surface, a first fixture plate secured to the structural body at a location opposite the ram and having a first working surface, a ballast tank having variable buoyancy control formed within the structural body, a working envelope located between the pressing surface and the first working surface, wherein the first fixture plate is adjustable in a plane parallel to the pressing surface;

moving the apparatus to a position adjacent to the damaged article;

placing the damaged article into the working envelope such that a damaged portion of the article is placed on the first working surface and positioned directly beneath the ram; and

repairing the damaged article by applying a force to the damaged portion of the article using the pressing surface of the ram.

28. The method of claim 27, further comprising:

removing the apparatus from the article; and

raising the apparatus towards the water surface by increasing the buoyancy of the apparatus.

29. The method of claim 28, wherein the ram is adjustable in a plane parallel or perpendicular to the first working surface.

30. The method of claim 29, further comprising rotating a wheel positioned adjacent to the ram, the wheel configured to adjust movement of the ram.