US20090255813A1 - Process for Producing Articles From Ceramic or Metal by Electrophoretic Free Forming - Google Patents

Process for Producing Articles From Ceramic or Metal by Electrophoretic Free Forming Download PDF

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Publication number
US20090255813A1
US20090255813A1 US12/086,235 US8623507A US2009255813A1 US 20090255813 A1 US20090255813 A1 US 20090255813A1 US 8623507 A US8623507 A US 8623507A US 2009255813 A1 US2009255813 A1 US 2009255813A1
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Prior art keywords
slip
substrate
feed element
ceramic
process pursuant
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Abandoned
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US12/086,235
Inventor
Stefan Wolz
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STEFAN WOLZ oHG
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STEFAN WOLZ oHG
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Assigned to STEFAN WOLZ OHG reassignment STEFAN WOLZ OHG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: WOLZ, STEFAN
Publication of US20090255813A1 publication Critical patent/US20090255813A1/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61CDENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C13/00Dental prostheses; Making same
    • A61C13/0003Making bridge-work, inlays, implants or the like
    • A61C13/0006Production methods
    • A61C13/001Electrophoresis coating
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25DPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D1/00Electroforming
    • C25D1/12Electroforming by electrophoresis
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25DPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D1/00Electroforming
    • C25D1/12Electroforming by electrophoresis
    • C25D1/14Electroforming by electrophoresis of inorganic material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25DPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D13/00Electrophoretic coating characterised by the process
    • C25D13/12Electrophoretic coating characterised by the process characterised by the article coated
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25DPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D13/00Electrophoretic coating characterised by the process
    • C25D13/22Servicing or operating apparatus or multistep processes

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a process for producing articles from ceramic or metal by electrophoretic free forming.
  • the invention relates in particular to producing dental parts.
  • Dental parts in the context of the invention are all dental parts that can be used in the prosthetic or conservative treatment of a patient, including frames for bridges, crowns for individual teeth, inlays, or dental prostheses coated with dentine and/or with incisal material.
  • Non-dental articles in the context of the invention mean all products that can reasonably be produced by electrophoresis based on their dimensions and weight.
  • free forming itself implies, these articles are products that have a three-dimensional form.
  • simple coatings that already have always been produced by electrophoresis. Therefore, this process is particularly suitable for producing components for precision mechanics that up to now have been produced by machining or casting.
  • slip in the context of the invention means any suitable suspension of ceramic or metal powder in a liquid suspending medium.
  • Electrophoresis has gained sharply in importance in recent years for the production of wholly ceramic crowns and bridges. As representatives of this technology, the following publications are mentioned: WO 99/50 480 A1, DE 100 21 437 A1, DE 101 27 144 A1, DE 103 39 603 A1, and WO 2004/04 1113 A1. Since one of the goals of these inventions is to produce wholly ceramic dental prostheses, metals are intrinsically excluded as frame materials, especially since it could not be expected that metal powder can be applied by electrophoresis, inasmuch as short circuits would probably occur in the electrophoresis cell because of the conductivity of metals.
  • a process for producing dental parts from dental metal powder is disclosed in the prior application DE 10 2005 052 113.4-23.
  • the teaching given there with regard to slip composition and the sintering process is fully applicable to the present invention, so that both dental metal and dental ceramic can be processed with the present invention.
  • a generally known process for producing dental frames consists of milling out a frame from an isostatically prepressed block of ceramic, particularly zirconium oxide, using CAD/CAM technology.
  • the dentition of the patient or a working model is scanned and the frame is milled on the basis of the scanned three-dimensional molding.
  • This process makes it possible to compensate for the sintering shrinkage in the case of zirconium oxide, but involves considerable milling expense.
  • Another drawback consists of the fact that the accuracy of hollow cavities achieved from an impression on a working model cannot be obtained by milling. This is because the accuracy in internal milling is limited by the dimensions of the milling head. This process has the further drawback that an esthetically satisfactory dental prosthesis cannot be produced because of the uniformity of the ceramic block.
  • Claim 1 it is the aim of the invention specified in Claim 1 to describe a process for producing articles from ceramic or metal based on scanning technology that is substantially simpler than known scanning processes that is suitable for any material, and that has high dimensional accuracy.
  • FIG. 1 the principle of a machine for implementing the process
  • FIG. 2 an enlarged section from FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 1 designates a computer that controls a CAD/CAM machine in accordance with a scanned three-dimensional form.
  • Corresponding machines that permit motion on 3 to 5 axes are already state of the art and need not be described here in detail.
  • a substrate 3 in this case the frame of a three-membered bridge supported by three pins 4 , is shown on a bench 2 .
  • These pins can be part of the bench or can be applied by electrophoresis.
  • the bench 2 can be moved controllably around 5 axes.
  • a slip feeder 5 that ends in a pointed feed element 6 for the slip 7 .
  • a hollow needle such as those used in medicine as injection needles has proved to be suitable for this.
  • the slip can also be fed over the surface of a pointed feed element 6 . With this procedure, it is recommended that the surface of the feed element be provided with lengthwise profiling. It is important for exact operation that the end of the feed element has no wide surface.
  • Another advantage could be produced by the feed element 6 rotating gently. At the same time, it can exert a material-leveling function if its end is designed like a mill.
  • the bench 2 is connected to the positive pole of an electrophoresis control system 8 , while the slip feeder 5 is at the negative pole.
  • pressure is exerted on the slip 7 by a pressure device 9 .
  • a piston is used for this purpose.
  • a pressurized gas cushion would also be suitable.
  • the frame 3 As shown in particular in FIG. 2 , the frame 3 , already partially produced, is fed past the tip of the needle 6 in accordance with the scanned program.
  • the corresponding kinematically opposite process would also be possible in principle by the needle 6 moving and the substrate standing still.
  • the blank At the end of the deposition process, the blank has sufficient strength to be sintered by known processes and infiltrated with glass if appropriate.
  • the process pursuant to the invention is suitable for applying dentine or incisal material to the frame.
  • the frame just has to be fastened downward to the bench 2 with the recesses for the dental stumps.
  • the device shown also has a mill 10 that is used to finish the part produced if necessary. This is particularly the case when telescope crowns or conical crowns that must have a smooth surface are being made.

Abstract

The invention relates to an electrophoretic free forming process, by which both metallic and ceramic formed parts can be produced. In this process, a slip (suspension of water and metal powder or ceramic powder) is fed via a hollow needle (6) to the substrate (3) to be produced. By applying a voltage between the slip (7) and the substrate (3) a material deposit is produced. To build up a three-dimensional form scanned into a computer, the substrate is moved past the tip of the hollow needle (6) in a controlled manner. The control is performed on the basis of known CAD/CAM methods. With this process it is possible in particular to produce all formed parts known in dental technology on one machine. It is suitable in particular for producing reinforcing structures and for coating reinforcing structures with dentine or incisal material. Equally possible is the production of non-dental formed parts of dimensions comparable to those of dental formed parts.

Description

  • This invention relates to a process for producing articles from ceramic or metal by electrophoretic free forming. The invention relates in particular to producing dental parts. Dental parts in the context of the invention are all dental parts that can be used in the prosthetic or conservative treatment of a patient, including frames for bridges, crowns for individual teeth, inlays, or dental prostheses coated with dentine and/or with incisal material.
  • Non-dental articles in the context of the invention mean all products that can reasonably be produced by electrophoresis based on their dimensions and weight. As the term “free forming” itself implies, these articles are products that have a three-dimensional form. Not intended are simple coatings that already have always been produced by electrophoresis. Therefore, this process is particularly suitable for producing components for precision mechanics that up to now have been produced by machining or casting.
  • Also, as far as the inventor knows, there is as yet no “electrophoretic free forming process” in the sense of the invention.
  • The process according to the invention is based on the electrophoretic deposition of solid particles from a slip. “Slip” in the context of the invention means any suitable suspension of ceramic or metal powder in a liquid suspending medium.
  • Electrophoresis has gained sharply in importance in recent years for the production of wholly ceramic crowns and bridges. As representatives of this technology, the following publications are mentioned: WO 99/50 480 A1, DE 100 21 437 A1, DE 101 27 144 A1, DE 103 39 603 A1, and WO 2004/04 1113 A1. Since one of the goals of these inventions is to produce wholly ceramic dental prostheses, metals are intrinsically excluded as frame materials, especially since it could not be expected that metal powder can be applied by electrophoresis, inasmuch as short circuits would probably occur in the electrophoresis cell because of the conductivity of metals.
  • The presumed drawback also exists with this process, that ceramics such as zirconium oxide, for example, which are subject to shrinkage upon sintering, are not satisfactorily processed since the ceramic composition is deposited on the working model. In the case of zirconium oxide, therefore, a duplicate of the working model has to be made in this process with expansion plaster. However, duplication implies an additional source of error with regard to accuracy of form. With alumina, on the other hand, best qualities are produced with the above process, including with respect to strength.
  • A process for producing dental parts from dental metal powder is disclosed in the prior application DE 10 2005 052 113.4-23. The teaching given there with regard to slip composition and the sintering process is fully applicable to the present invention, so that both dental metal and dental ceramic can be processed with the present invention.
  • A generally known process for producing dental frames consists of milling out a frame from an isostatically prepressed block of ceramic, particularly zirconium oxide, using CAD/CAM technology. In this case, the dentition of the patient or a working model is scanned and the frame is milled on the basis of the scanned three-dimensional molding. This process makes it possible to compensate for the sintering shrinkage in the case of zirconium oxide, but involves considerable milling expense. Another drawback consists of the fact that the accuracy of hollow cavities achieved from an impression on a working model cannot be obtained by milling. This is because the accuracy in internal milling is limited by the dimensions of the milling head. This process has the further drawback that an esthetically satisfactory dental prosthesis cannot be produced because of the uniformity of the ceramic block.
  • Therefore, it is the aim of the invention specified in Claim 1 to describe a process for producing articles from ceramic or metal based on scanning technology that is substantially simpler than known scanning processes that is suitable for any material, and that has high dimensional accuracy.
  • Advantageous embodiments of the invention are described in the dependent claims 1 to 10.
  • The invention is described below with reference to the production of dental parts. However, it is obvious that non-dental articles can also be produced with the invention.
  • The Figures show:
  • FIG. 1 the principle of a machine for implementing the process;
  • FIG. 2 an enlarged section from FIG. 1.
  • In FIG. 1, 1 designates a computer that controls a CAD/CAM machine in accordance with a scanned three-dimensional form. Corresponding machines that permit motion on 3 to 5 axes are already state of the art and need not be described here in detail.
  • A substrate 3, in this case the frame of a three-membered bridge supported by three pins 4, is shown on a bench 2. These pins can be part of the bench or can be applied by electrophoresis. The bench 2 can be moved controllably around 5 axes.
  • Above the bench 2 is a slip feeder 5 that ends in a pointed feed element 6 for the slip 7. A hollow needle such as those used in medicine as injection needles has proved to be suitable for this. The slip can also be fed over the surface of a pointed feed element 6. With this procedure, it is recommended that the surface of the feed element be provided with lengthwise profiling. It is important for exact operation that the end of the feed element has no wide surface.
  • Another advantage could be produced by the feed element 6 rotating gently. At the same time, it can exert a material-leveling function if its end is designed like a mill.
  • The bench 2 is connected to the positive pole of an electrophoresis control system 8, while the slip feeder 5 is at the negative pole. To facilitate the flow of slip in the needle 6, pressure is exerted on the slip 7 by a pressure device 9. In the embodiment shown, a piston is used for this purpose. A pressurized gas cushion would also be suitable.
  • As shown in particular in FIG. 2, the frame 3, already partially produced, is fed past the tip of the needle 6 in accordance with the scanned program. The corresponding kinematically opposite process would also be possible in principle by the needle 6 moving and the substrate standing still.
  • With a conventional slip, a voltage of about 40 V is applied, which leads to a current up to about 100 mA. An electrophoretic effect then occurs, whereby deposition of the solid is produced directly beneath the needle 6. In principle, it can be said that low voltage is used for aqueous slips because of gas evolution, while a higher voltage range is indicated for nonaqueous slips.
  • At the end of the deposition process, the blank has sufficient strength to be sintered by known processes and infiltrated with glass if appropriate.
  • The process pursuant to the invention is suitable for applying dentine or incisal material to the frame. For this purpose, the frame just has to be fastened downward to the bench 2 with the recesses for the dental stumps.
  • The device shown also has a mill 10 that is used to finish the part produced if necessary. This is particularly the case when telescope crowns or conical crowns that must have a smooth surface are being made.
  • Consequently, an electrophoretic free-forming process is made available with the invention that satisfies all requirements.

Claims (12)

1. Process for the electrophoretic production of ceramic and metallic articles, the process comprising the steps of providing a slip comprising a suspension of ceramic or metal powder in a liquid suspending medium, feeding the slip through a pointed feed element (6) onto a substrate (3) to effect a material deposition on the substrate, and applying a voltage between the slip (7) and the substrate (3), wherein the substrate (3) is moved past a tip of the feed element (6) in a controlled manner to construct a scanned three-dimensional form.
2. Process pursuant to claim 1, wherein the pointed feed element (6) comprises a hollow needle.
3. Process pursuant to claim 1, wherein the slip comprises a metallic slip.
4. Process pursuant to claim 1, wherein the slip comprises a ceramic slip.
5. Process pursuant to claim 1, wherein the substrate (3) is moved under control on the tip of the feed element (6).
6. Process pursuant to claim 1, wherein the process further comprises the production of frames.
7. Process pursuant to claim 1, wherein a computer program in a computer (1) is provided and adapted to compensate for sintering shrinkage.
8. Process pursuant to claim 7, wherein the slip comprises a zirconium oxide slip.
9. Process pursuant to claim 1, wherein dentine and/or incisal material is applied to the material deposition.
10. Process pursuant to claim 2, wherein the slip is fed to the tip of the feed element (6) under pressure.
11. Process pursuant to claim 1, wherein the feed element (6) comprises a pointed feed element that has lengthwise profiling on the outside thereof.
12. Process pursuant to claim 1, wherein the feed element (6) rotates during the application of the slip.
US12/086,235 2006-03-24 2007-01-25 Process for Producing Articles From Ceramic or Metal by Electrophoretic Free Forming Abandoned US20090255813A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006013658.6 2006-03-24
DE102006013658A DE102006013658B4 (en) 2006-03-24 2006-03-24 Process for the production of tooth parts by electrophoretic free-forming
DE102006056303.4 2006-11-29
DE102006056303A DE102006056303A1 (en) 2006-03-24 2006-11-29 Electrophoretic free forming process for forming metal and ceramic parts useful in dental technology enables all formed parts known in dental technology to be produced on one machine
PCT/DE2007/000125 WO2007110010A1 (en) 2006-03-24 2007-01-25 Process for producing articles from ceramic or metal by electrophoretic free forming

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US20090255813A1 true US20090255813A1 (en) 2009-10-15

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US12/086,235 Abandoned US20090255813A1 (en) 2006-03-24 2007-01-25 Process for Producing Articles From Ceramic or Metal by Electrophoretic Free Forming

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US (1) US20090255813A1 (en)
EP (1) EP2032741A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2009529989A (en)
DE (2) DE102006013658B4 (en)
WO (1) WO2007110010A1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3008717A1 (en) * 2013-07-17 2015-01-23 Francois Forgues DEVICE FOR THE ADDITIVE SYNTHESIS OF METAL OBJECTS IN 3 DIMENSIONS
US20180066367A1 (en) * 2015-04-09 2018-03-08 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for producing a corrosion protection layer for thermal insulation layers made of hollow aluminum oxide balls and glass layer as outer layer and component

Families Citing this family (4)

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EP2302104A4 (en) 2008-06-19 2011-11-30 Fundacion Cidetec Method for electrochemically covering an insulating substrate
DE102011106950A1 (en) * 2011-07-08 2013-01-10 Wdt-Wolz-Dental-Technik Gmbh Process for producing a metallic body from at least two optically different metals
DE102012205064B4 (en) * 2012-03-29 2017-08-31 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. dentures
US9975169B2 (en) 2013-10-04 2018-05-22 United Technologies Corporation Additive manufactured fuel nozzle core for a gas turbine engine

Citations (3)

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US4246086A (en) * 1977-02-11 1981-01-20 Bego Bremer Goldschlagerei Wilh. Herbst Method and apparatus for coating dental crowns and bridges
US5342201A (en) * 1992-06-23 1994-08-30 Sandvik Ab Method of manufacturing ceramic artifical tooth restorations
US6221230B1 (en) * 1997-05-15 2001-04-24 Hiromitsu Takeuchi Plating method and apparatus

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DE10114290B4 (en) * 2001-03-23 2004-08-12 Ivoclar Vivadent Ag Desktop process for manufacturing dental products using 3D plotting
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WO2004041113A1 (en) * 2002-11-05 2004-05-21 Stefan Wolz Method for producing fully ceramic tooth elements having a pre-determined spatial form by means of electrophoresis
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US4246086A (en) * 1977-02-11 1981-01-20 Bego Bremer Goldschlagerei Wilh. Herbst Method and apparatus for coating dental crowns and bridges
US5342201A (en) * 1992-06-23 1994-08-30 Sandvik Ab Method of manufacturing ceramic artifical tooth restorations
US6221230B1 (en) * 1997-05-15 2001-04-24 Hiromitsu Takeuchi Plating method and apparatus

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3008717A1 (en) * 2013-07-17 2015-01-23 Francois Forgues DEVICE FOR THE ADDITIVE SYNTHESIS OF METAL OBJECTS IN 3 DIMENSIONS
US20180066367A1 (en) * 2015-04-09 2018-03-08 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for producing a corrosion protection layer for thermal insulation layers made of hollow aluminum oxide balls and glass layer as outer layer and component

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DE102006013658A1 (en) 2007-10-04
JP2009529989A (en) 2009-08-27
DE102006056303A1 (en) 2008-06-05
DE102006013658B4 (en) 2008-01-31
WO2007110010A1 (en) 2007-10-04
EP2032741A1 (en) 2009-03-11

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