US20070178420A1

US20070178420A1 - Orthodontic activator

Info

Publication number: US20070178420A1
Application number: US10/563,894
Authority: US
Inventors: Katri Keski-Nisula; Juha Varrela
Original assignee: LM Instruments Oy
Current assignee: LM Instruments Oy
Priority date: 2003-07-07
Filing date: 2004-07-07
Publication date: 2007-08-02
Also published as: FI118789B; FI20031038A; US8459989B2; EA008423B1; EA200600193A1; EP1648329A1; DE602004008926T2; WO2005002460A1; FI20031038A0; PL1648329T3; US20100279246A1; ES2293290T3; ATE372741T1; EP1648329B1; DE602004008926D1

Abstract

An odontological device and device series to guide an individual's occlusion and a method to be used in selecting an occlusion guidance appliance device to be used in orthodontic treatment. This kind of device contains a U-shaped arch with a lower surface on the side of the lower jaw and a higher surface on the side of the upper jaw, and in both of which there are concaves in which to place the individual's teeth, and where the bottoms of the concaves form of the isthmus separating the concaves from one another. According to the invention, the isthmus includes blanks meant for individual teeth and uniform, continuous hollows meant for at least two teeth to guide the teeth in the required direction, and the lower jaw side surface has a lower wing constricting the tongue at least sideways, and it helps the device to remain in place in the individual's mouth. The blanks position the device at the teeth and the dental arch, the compartments reduce the problems caused by twisted teeth when inserting the device in the mouth for example and the lower wings help to keep the device in place.

Description

The present invention concerns an odontological device according to the preamble of claim 1 for guiding the occlusion of an individual.
This kind of device usually comprises a U-shaped arch that has a lower surface on the lower jaw side and an upper surface on the upper jaw side, both of which have teeth-receiving concaves. The device is made of a flexible and elastic material, such as a thermoplastic elastomer, plasticized (softened) plastic or rubber or of a similar material.
The invention, furthermore, concerns an occlusion guidance device series according to the preamble of claim 19 as well as a method according to the preamble of claim 24 for selecting a device for occlusion guidance in orthodontic treatment. In the method, at least one characteristic measurement is defined for a person's teeth, and an appropriate device is selected for the person based on this measurement.
The treatment method by which to achieve the required occlusion is also described in the description of the invention.
Odontological occlusion guidance appliances, orthodontic braces and equivalent odontological devices are used fairly commonly to treat and eliminate problems such as supraocclusion, rotations and individual cross-bites. Previously known devices are dental braces made of steel and teeth positioning devices made of flexible materials. In the latter ones, i.e. the (so-called) occlusion guidance appliances, there are typically concaves for the teeth of the lower and upper jaw that are separated by an isthmus that has recesses, so-called “blanks”, formed for the individual teeth. With these blanks individual teeth can be guided to the required place and position. Devices of a kind, where a part of said blanks has been replaced with compartments intended for more than one tooth, are also known. The devices have been designed and are meant to be used mainly during the phase when the milk teeth are being replaced by adult teeth and after the adult teeth have erupted. The occlusion guidance appliances are meant to be used passively, particularly during the night, but in difficult or complex cases they are recommended to be used also for 1-4 hours during the daytime. The manufacturing material in the known technology has normally been plasticized (softened) polyvinyl chloride.
Occlusion guidance appliances have been presented, for example, in published patent applications nos. WO 02/062253 and WO 02/062252, FR Patent Specification No. 1 104 897 as well as in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,784,605, 4,799,884, 4,830,612, 4,919,612 and 5,879,199, the contents of which are herewith incorporated by reference.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,830,612 presents an occlusion guidance appliance designed for children of ages 2-6, where the incisors, canine teeth and the first middle teeth each have their own blanks. A single, continuous and uniform compartment has then been formed for the second middle tooth and first molars. The device is meant to be used before the milk teeth come out and is appropriate only for the milk teeth, since the device ends before the second molar. In the description and the claims it has been emphasized that the device should at a maximum extend to the point where the first molar will erupt. This kind of device cannot be recommended for use by older children, because there is a danger that the second molar will over-erupt and cause an open occlusion. If one wants to continue the treatment of the patient even after the permanent teeth have erupted, the device must be replaced by another device designed for that phase of development. The use of many different kinds of occlusion guidance appliances will be expensive for the patient and will require the manufacturer and the dentist to have a wide range of products.
In addition to the above-mentioned problems, there are also other disadvantages related with the known solutions. Typically, it is difficult to get the occlusion guidance appliance to remain in the correct position in the mouth, for example, when the person is sleeping and the lower jaw very easily “drops” and retracts somewhat. This could lead to the patient biting the device from the inside of the lower edge, in which case the device is not working as it should, and is in fact guiding the positioning of teeth towards a different direction than originally intended. In addition, the device, if not properly positioned in the mouth, may be easily bitten during daily use to the point where it breaks.
In WO Publications Nos. 02/062253 and 02/062252 a device is disclosed, which is meant for positioning the teeth and in which the inner wall of the lower jaw side concave extends downwards in such a way that it forms a tongue ramp. This is designed to partially encircle the tongue from underneath. The publication has no mention of using the tongue ramp, for example, to further the stationary position of the occlusion guidance appliance.
Further, the problem in known solutions is that the occlusion guidance appliances have been designed to be used in a particular developmental phase of the teeth. In this case, the device to be used has to be chosen not only according to the size of the teeth but also from a variety of different devices. On top of the problems of selecting the device and the frequency of changing it, there is also the added costs arising from a need to maintain a large range of products.
It is an aim of the present invention to remove disadvantages associated with known technology and to create a completely new kind of way of treating the occlusion of a person. The objective of the invention is particularly to form an occlusion guidance appliance that will remain properly positioned in the mouth in different use environments and in different ways of use, including when being worn by small children. In addition, it is an aim to enable the guiding of the occlusion using an essentially similar-shaped device both in the milk tooth phase and in subsequent phases.
Furthermore, it is an objective to provide a series of occlusion guidance appliances that are appropriate for use in all developmental phases of the teeth, in which case the appropriate device can be chosen and/or it can be changed to another one, only on the basis of the size of the person's dental arch.
Thus, it is also an aim of the invention to provide a new method in orthodontics to be used for selecting the occlusion guidance appliance, one where the appropriate occlusion guidance appliance is easily selected, based on a simple measurement, from one type of device without having also to consider the developmental phase of the teeth.
The invention is based on the idea that treatment results can be improved by providing an occlusion guidance device with wings and other structures that ease the use of the device and particularly help to keep it stationary in the mouth. We have concluded that by forming these kinds of wings in a suitable manner we can also ensure that a person cannot gradually bite through the device while using it. With the shaping of the wings it is also possible to ensure that even teeth erupting very obliquely can be guided inside the device. In the orthodontic activator according to the invention it is thus essential that at least one wing is arranged to form a lower wing on the lower surface of the occlusion guidance appliance. This lower wing, which is formed as an extension of the inner/lingual side wall on lower jaw side concave in the device, constricts the tongue at least sideways. Advantageously, the device includes also a wing on the labial side of the upper teeth, suitably extending over the gum line.
The introduction of the device into the mouth and its use can also be facilitated, particularly if the device is further provided with uniform compartments for some of the teeth, instead of individual blanks. This can be done particularly in cases where the aim is mainly to align the teeth in the required place, rather than to precisely guide into a specific position. The use of compartments shared by more than one tooth will ease placing the device in the mouth, particularly in some cases where the occlusion is not correct, such as when the front tooth or teeth are twisted. However, according to the invention, it is not advantageous to use only one compartment along the length of the entire dental arch, since it is not possible to achieve the necessary precision required of the orthodontics to position the device correctly in the mouth merely with the aid of the wings and by having a correctly curved device.
In the orthodontic activator according to the invention, the isthmus interconnecting the concaves for the upper and lower jaw therefore contains uniform areas for one or more tooth groups. These shared areas include particularly compartment-like recesses. In addition to this, the device advantageously includes individual blanks at least for one tooth of each quarter of the teeth, and these blanks further the correct placement of the occlusion guidance appliance in relation to the teeth.
As a result of its structure, the device according to the invention is suitable for children of all ages, particularly those between 5 and 15 years. A device series intended for anatomies (dental arches) of different dimensions can be manufactured such that there is always a device of a suitable size available for any individual.
The series can be used in a method for selecting an occlusion guidance appliance to be employed in orthodontics. In this method, firstly at least one characteristic measurement of the individual's teeth is defined, and an appropriate device is selected for the individual from the series of occlusion guidance appliance devices based on this measurement. The invention is characterized in that the measurement is the length of the dental arch, which is measured from the upper jaw side dental arch on the left and right side, particularly between the second and third or possibly third and fourth teeth. Based on the resulting measurement a suitable occlusion guidance appliance device is selected.
More specifically, the odontological device according to the invention is characterized by what is stated in the characterizing part of claim 1.
The series of odontological devices according to the invention is characterized by what is stated in the characterizing part of claim 19.
The method according to the invention is characterized by what is stated in the characterizing part of claim 24.
By means of the invention and its preferred embodiments significant advantages can be achieved. In such a device, as a result of the combination of compartments, blanks and lower wings according to the invention, even small children can easily put the device in their mouths so that it is reliably in the correct place. The blanks position the device on to the teeth and the dental arch, the compartments reduce problems caused by twisted teeth when inserting the device in the mouth, for example, and the lower wings help to keep the device in place. Thanks to the lower wing construction, the device is more likely to remain intact because the wings prevent the front teeth biting together to the extent that they could cut through the device and in turn make it difficult to turn the device in the mouth, so that the possibility of biting through the edges is reduced.
In one preferred embodiment of the device, the upper lip side edge of the occlusion guidance appliance has been raised in such a way that it extends at least partially above the gum line. In this way, good guidance of the teeth is also obtained in difficult cases, and the device will sit more comfortably in the mouth.
According to one preferred embodiment of the invention, the groups of teeth have been provided with compartments particularly in the area of the first molar and at least partially in the area where the second molar will erupt. With this solution, open occlusion problems possibly caused by over-eruption of the second molar can be diminished or even prevented.
The invention enables the use of an occlusion guidance appliance with the same basic structure all the way from the milk tooth phase to the guiding of the occlusion of the permanent teeth. A series of essentially conforming devices will be made from the device, and in everyone of these the same basic solutions are used so that an appropriate device is chosen for the individual under treatment according to the length of the dental arch. In this context, “conforming” means that the devices have the same basic structure, they preferably have compartments, blanks and wings arranged with respect to the teeth recesses. The individual devices of the device series can also geometrically conform to each other, but this is not necessary when constructing a device series meant to treat occlusion.
A device according to the invention can be used both for milk teeth, changing teeth and permanent teeth. Thus, the cost of orthodontics is reduced when the patient is not required to use a new occlusion guidance appliance in each developmental phase of the teeth, rather the device needs to be replaced by a new one only as a result of dental arch growth.
The device according to the invention essentially works for everyone. It can be used in treating both horizontal and vertical overbite as well as the narrowness of the front area and of rotations and individual cross-bites. In addition, a device according to one application form of the invention is also suitable for treating open occlusion.
The advantages of the uses of the embodiments of the invention have been described also in copending Finnish patent application (Purennanohjain [“Occlusion guidance appliance“]) filed at the same time with this application, and incorporated by reference.
The invention and its other preferred embodiments will be considered more closely as follows, with the help of detailed explanations referring to the attached drawings.
FIG. 1 shows in perspective view the upper jaw side of one occlusion guidance appliance according to the invention;
FIG. 2 shows in perspective view the lower jaw side of one occlusion guidance appliance according to the invention;
FIG. 3 shows an occlusion guidance appliance according to one embodiment of the invention in relation to its position in anatomical use position viewed from the back side;
FIG. 4 shows section A-A of FIG. 3; and
FIGS. 5 a and 5 b show an upper image of an occlusion guidance appliance according to the invention and respectively an image according to FIG. 3 of device dimensions with measurements.
An occlusion guidance appliance according to the presented invention consists of a U-shaped arch 1, made of elastic and suitably flexible material such as thermoplastic elastomer, plasticized (softened) plastic or rubber, and is roughly shaped like a horseshoe. Accordingly, its shape corresponds at least mainly to the dental arch of the patient. The occlusion guidance appliance has an upper surface 2 and a lower surface 3, of which the upper surface 2 includes the formation of receptive concaves 4 for the teeth of the upper jaw. Equivalently, the lower surface 3 includes a formation of concaves 5 for the teeth of the lower jaw. They are at least sufficiently wide and deep to be able to fit the teeth of the patient at least for the mainly visible parts. Their edges do not necessarily completely extend beyond the gum line. The walls of the concaves form the upper and lower side outer walls 4 a and 5 a on the side of the lips and correspondingly on the side of the cheeks, and in relation to these from the upper and lower side inner walls 4 b and 5 b on the opposite sides on the tongue side shaped As FIGS. 1 and 2 show, the bottoms of concaves 4 and 5 are formed by the isthmus 14 separating the concaves, in which hollows have been formed, that is, blanks 6 a-6 d; 7 a-7 d for the canine teeth and the first premolars. The thickness of isthmus 14 can be only 1 mm, but according to the advantageous embodiments of the invention it is significantly thicker than this, even 10 mm. By arranging the canine teeth and first premolars in their own blanks, the device can be positioned precisely enough in the mouth of the patient, even though the device contains uniform and common spaces for the other teeth groups shaped The hollows of a device according to FIGS. 1-4 extending to the back teeth consist of uniform compartments 8, 9, 10 and 11, which start from the second premolar and continue towards the molars at least to the area where the second permanent molar will erupt. Advantageously, the uniform compartment totally covers the area of the second permanent molar. The compartment can in principle be continued beyond this point, but in practice it has been noted that the device will function fully satisfactorily if space is arranged for three teeth, namely the second premolar and the first and second molar. Extended devices are usually not as comfortable as the devices shown in the drawings, which end in the second molar.
According to the preferred embodiments of the invention, the side walls 4 a, 4 b, 5 a and 5 b of these uniform, continuous compartments 8-11 are formed equivalently of the outer and inner walls 8 a, 8 b and 9 a, 9 b, 10 a, 10 b, and 11 a, 11 b, which have significantly straight or slightly curved walls lengthways. On the inner surface, the walls are smooth in such a way that they have not been significantly profiled with tooth forms. Compartments 8-11 are thus shaped like continuous open troughs, the troughs being open from the molar-side end. Seen from above, the compartments are roughly shaped like rectangles.
The outer and inner walls of compartments 8-11, marked in FIGS. 1 and 2 with reference numbers 8 a, 8 b, 9 a, 9 b, 10 a and 11 a, slightly taper towards the edges ending up at the rounded edge. The upper side walls 8 a and 9 a rise in the front area of the dental arch at least to the gum line and are otherwise higher than the inner side walls 8 b and 9 b. As graphic 1 shows, the elevation of the device upper outer wall 8 a and 9 a continues at least significantly in the same direction with the other wall surface. Advantageously, the outer walls 8 a and 9 a can cover the gum line at least in the area of the first and second tooth, preferably in the area of the third and even the fourth tooth. With the presented solution the risk that the front upper jaw teeth erupt over the edge of the device can be avoided or at least significantly reduced. The rising of the front wall 4 a (8 a, 9 a) thus guides the upper front teeth to erupt inside the concave and at the same time the device will remain more comfortably in the mouth. According to the size of the dental arch, this outer wall extends to at least about 5 mm, typically approximately and even over 10 mm, of the distance of the mentioned isthmus 14 and, thus, depending on the isthmus thickness used, even to about 15 mm of distance from the middle level of isthmus 14.
As explained below in more detail, the inner side wall 5 b on the lower surface of the device has been continued downwards towards the base of the mouth cavity. The form of this side wall 5 b at the point 10 and 11 b of the molar compartments is slightly different from that of the other walls, as its walls are at least essentially evenly thick and taper only near the edge. In the area of the front teeth, the wing turns more strongly away from the teeth and it has been narrowed suitably below the teeth, at the point of the gum, which improves the use comfort (preventing the vomit reflex). From the cross-section of graphic 4, these and the other forms of the lower wing come out very clearly.
The cross-section of FIG. 4 shows these and the other forms of the lower wing very clearly.
In the device according to FIGS. 1-4, the device has uniform hollows 12 and 13 in the area of the front teeth in the same way as the previously described uniform troughs 8-11 in the molar area. The equivalent walls of these hollows, marked in the graphics 1 and 2 with reference numbers 12 a, 12 b, 13 a and 13 b, are at least for the main part smooth-surfaced, that is, at least largely un-profiled. Mainly at least in the area of these hollows 12 and 13 the isthmus 14 between them is mainly even, that is, without any blanks arranged for individual teeth.
Instead, in the walls 12 a, 12 b, 13 a, and 13 b, in some embodiments of the invention, it can be foreseen to be arranged not actual clear forms but mainly small lightening features can be arranged in the places of the front teeth.
Seen from above and below, the walls are curved in such a way that they conform to the natural shape of the dental arch. Along the upper edge they can, however, be shaped to follow the teeth. The uniform hollow of the front teeth (first and second teeth) eases the placing of the device in the mouth compared to arranging a blank that is measured for each individual tooth. This is true particularly when the front teeth are twisted.
FIGS. 3 and 4 show the isthmus 14 separating the upper and lower side concaves 4 and 5. The figures also show how the lower wing formed from the lower tongue-side inner wall 5 b extends deepest into the area of the first molar and, moreover, is lower in the area at the front. The isthmus 14 between the upper and lower side compartments 8-11 can be evenly thick or it can be made narrower in the area of the molars, as U.S. Pat. No. 4,830,612 describes. According to one embodiment of the invention, the isthmus 14 in question is thicker in the molar area than elsewhere. This solution aims at correcting open occlusion. More precisely, in this case the otherwise essentially even isthmus has a step at the point between the fourth and fifth teeth each side. According to the invention, when the height of the step in question is of a magnitude of 2-3 mm, this means the minimum isthmus thickness of approximately 1 mm and 3 mm in the front and back teeth area and a maximum of approximately 10 mm and 13 mm, respectively.
In this embodiment, “thickness” refers to the distance between the surfaces that go against the upper and lower teeth.
As stated above, the lower jaw side inner wall 5 b of the device has been continued according to the invention to be at least essentially aligned with the surface of the wall in question in such a way that it extends lower in the mouth cavity than the corresponding outer wall 5 a. This inner wall 5 b, which is also called “the lower wing” in this application, can advantageously extend, in some parts at least, essentially to the immediate vicinity of the base of the mouth cavity in the area of the first molar.
The lower wing limits the tongue in the surface on the lower jaw side at least sideways, by which means the device more easily remains in place in the patient's mouth, as the following will indicate in more detail. The lower wings keep the lower jaw in place at the front, thus avoiding the drawback of known devices causing lower jaw “dropping”, which is explained above in the introduction to the explanation. For their part, the lower wings can also prevent sideways movement of the device, which is affected also by the walls on the cheek-side of the device. In order for the lower wing to fit in the mouth of the patient in the best possible manner, the introduction downwards can be arranged to be smaller at the point of the ligament of the tongue than elsewhere.
In the advantageous application form of the invention, the lower wings have been formed to be slightly curved towards the teeth of the lower jaw, and the edge of the flexible wall follows fairly precisely the shape of the lower jaw arch. In addition, at the front teeth, the starting angle in relation to the vertical plane can be greater than elsewhere, thereby ensuring that it does not press the gum excessively.
FIGS. 1 to 4 show details of the favourable application form of the invention. The cavities 15 formed in the front part of the U-shaped arch in the direction of the sagittal plane can be separately mentioned. The cavities go through the walls of the arch. The cavity holes help breathing, particularly when the patient is sleeping.
The U-shaped arch has been made of silicon polymer or of plasticized polyvinyl chloride. It is particularly advantageous to use liquid silicon as the raw material.

A series can be made of several different-sized devices according to the invention. In the light of the measurements shown in

graphics

5 a and 5 b, this kind of series can contain for example 13 orthodontic activators having the dimensions specified in Table 1. The relative dimensions of the smaller devices intended to be used mainly in the milk tooth phase can be somewhat different from the other devices in the series. Nevertheless, all the devices in the series still contain contours according to the essential characteristics of the invention and (relative) dimensions. The measurements presented in Table 1 are exemplary “approximate” measurements, but they do describe the essential dimensions of the device.

TABLE 1


Typical measurements of one device series according to the
invention, formed of different size orthodontic activators

1. Length of			4. Length of molar		6. Length
upper		3. Edge	compartment⁴⁾		of the
incisor	2. Lower	of	mm	5. Width of	device⁶⁾

Device	hollow¹⁾	wing²⁾	lip³⁾	upper	lower	the device	(depth)
#	mm	mm	mm	side	side	mm	mm

1	24	8	5	16	19	52	35
2	25	9	7	18	20	53	38
3	26	13	10	20	23	55	40
4	27	13	10	20	23	55	42
5	28	13	10	20	23	55	42
6	30	13	10	20	23	56	44
7	31	14	10	22	24	57	47
8	32	14	10	22	24	58	47
9	33	14	10	22	25	60	48
10	34	14	10	23	26	61	48
11	35	14	10	23	26	62	48
12	36	14	11	24	27	63	51
13	38	16	11	25	28	64	53

¹⁾Length measured along the bottom of the hollow, essentially along the centre line of the arch formed
²⁾Maximum length measured from the surface of the lower molar compartment in the back area
³⁾Maximum length of the upper front wall measured approximately between the first and second tooth on the surface of the upper side hollow
⁴⁾Length from the front edge of the molar compartment to its open end
⁵⁾The maximum distance between the molar compartment outer edges
⁶⁾The length between the line connecting the open ends of molar compartments and the front surface of the front wall

From Table 1, it can be seen that when talking about devices according to the invention for use by individuals in the changing teeth phase and also by older individuals, the maximum measurement of the lower wing is of a magnitude of about 14 mm and that of the-upper side lip edge is about 10 mm—measured from the bottoms of the hollows, that is, always according to the isthmus thickness used, respectively, about 1-6 mm or more measured from the centre point of the masticating surfaces/isthmus.
When the arch of a device in the series, measured along the centre line of the arch and between the second and third tooth, is less than about 26 mm, the maximum distance of the lower edge of the wings to the equivalent point on the surface of the isthmus between the masticating surfaces is approximately 8 to 10 mm, and when the mentioned arch is over 26 mm the mentioned maximum distance is about 14 mm. When the arch is about 32 mm, the length of the compartment starting from the second premolar and terminating in an open end is approx. 22 mm on the upper side and on the lower side approx. 24 mm; and equivalently when the length of the arch is approx. 37 mm, the length in the upper side is approx. 24 mm and in the lower side approx. 27 mm.
Typically, the length of the arch of the smallest device in the series is less than 26 mm and that of the largest device a minimum of 36 mm, preferably at least 38 mm. And when the arch length of the mentioned smallest device, measured along the centre line of the arch and between the second and third tooth, is essentially less than approx. 40 mm, the upper side front wall is at least 5 mm.
A device according to the invention is used for orthodontic treatment in an analogous way, in contrast to the known devices (see for example U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,830,612, 4,799,884 and 4,919,612). In the method, a suitable occlusion guidance appliance device is chosen for each individual from previously described series of devices. Thus, first the length of the dental arch on the upper jaw side is measured—either between the second and third tooth or between the third and the fourth tooth—and a suitable sized device is chosen from the series formed of devices according to the invention on the basis of the measurement. The measurement is taken along the outer surface of the anatomy (the dental arch), and the arch measurement of a suitable device is 1-2 mm smaller than this as it is based on the measurement defined along the base of the isthmus. Selecting the device is thus solely based on the size of the jawbone and a new device is taken into use only on the basis of how the jawbone will grow, independent of how the teeth have otherwise developed.
The device selected is used by biting it actively between the teeth. A method according to the invention can particularly be applied and the device used already at the milk tooth phase and continued with equivalent but larger devices even after the permanent teeth have erupted, in order to guide the teeth to grow and position themselves to achieve a desired, pre-defined occlusion. The device can be used until the permanent teeth have fully erupted and when necessary use can be continued by treatment aiming at maintaining the resulting positioning. Typically, the use of the device can be started approximately at the age of five years, and correspondingly stopped at the age of around 15. In some special cases, use can be continued even to near the age of 20. The device is used always when sleeping and, when necessary, also during the daytime. Compared to a device according to a U.S. Pat. No. 4,830,612, a “changing teeth” device according to the invention presented is longer than the corresponding known device, and thus the device can be used also after the second molar has erupted. The lower wings guide the patient to bite the device correctly. This reduces device breakage. The lower wings help to keep the device in the mouth and functioning in the right way.
Even though it was emphasized earlier that the invention guides occlusion, it is clear that a device according to the invention can-always depending on the situation—position at least a number of the individual's teeth, or guide them to the pre-determined place or position. This need is served particularly by the blanks formed for the individual teeth.

Claims

1. An odontological device for guiding the occlusion of an individual, said device comprising:

a generally U-shaped arch made of flexible material and that has a lower surface on the lower jaw side and an upper surface on the upperjaw side, and in both of which there are concaves for receiving the individual's teeth, the bottoms of the concaves forming an isthmus which separates the concaves from one another, wherein

the isthmus includes blanks intended for individual teeth and uniform, continuous recesses for at least two teeth to guide the teeth in the required direction, and

the lowerjaw side surface has a lower wing constricting the tongue at least sideways, and it has been shaped to further placement of the device in the individual's mouth.

2. An odontological device according to claim 1, wherein said recesses contain uniform compartments that begin from the second premolar and continue towards the molars at least partly to the area where the second permanent molar will erupt.

3. An odontological device according to claim 2, wherein the side walls of said uniform compartments are formed by outer and inner walls, respectively, which have essentially straight walls.

4. An odontological device according to claim 2, wherein said compartments are shaped like continuous troughs, and the troughs are open from the molar side end.

5. An odontological device according to ally of claim 1, wherein said recesses contain uniform recesses limited to the area of the front teeth, and the surface walls of the recesses are essentially smooth.

6. An odontological device according to claim 1, wherein said concaves have their own blanks for canine teeth and the first premolars.

7. An odontological device according to claim 1, wherein said isthmus separating the concaves is thicker at least in the area of the molars than in the area of the front teeth.

8. An odontological device according to claim 7, wherein said isthmus thickness changes stepwise at the point between the premolars.

9. An odontological device according to claim 7, wherein said isthmus is essentially even in such a way that its thickness in the narrower area is essentially in fixed range of approximately 1 to 10 mm and 3-13 mm, respectively, in the thicker area.

10. An odontological device according to claim 1, wherein the walls of the concaves are formed by the outer walls on the labial side or on the buccal side, respectively, and by the inner walls on the opposite sides of the concaves on the lingual side, the inner wall on the lowerjaw side surface being continued so that it is at least essentially aligned downwards to the wall surface in such a way that it extends lower than the corresponding outer wall to form said lower wing.

11. An odontological device according to claim 10, wherein said lower wing has been arranged to reach the immediate proximity of the base of the mouth cavity.

12. An odontological device according to claim 11, wherein said shape of the lower wing, particularly in the molar area, follows essentially the shape of the lower side jaw arch.

13. An odontological device according to claim 10, wherein the downwards dimension of the mentioned lower wing has been reduced at the point of the ligament of the tongue.

14. An odontological device according to claim 13, wherein said lower wing extends approximately at the point of the first molar to a distance of 14 mm as a maximum of the down side surface of said isthmus, in which case said distance is approx. 3 to 6 mm smaller in the area of the ligament of the tongue.

15. An odontological device according to claim 10, wherein the outer wall on the upper jaw side surface has been at least partially continued upwards at least essentially aligned upwards to the wall surface in such a way that it extends above the gum line.

16. An odontological device according to claim 15, wherein said upper side outer wall extends essentially above the gum line at least in the area of the first and second tooth, and preferably also in the area of the third and fourth tooth.

17. An odontological device according to claim 15, wherein said upper outer wall extends at its highest point to approx. 10 mm from the distance of the upper side surface of said isthmus.

18. An odontological device according to claim 1, wherein when the upper side arch, measured essentially along the base of the arch and between the second and third tooth, is approx. 32 mm, the length of the compartment starting from the second premolar and terminating in an open end is 22 mm on the upper side and 24 mm on the lower side, and correspondingly, when the length of the mentioned arch is 37 mm, the length of the compartment is 24 mm on the upper side and 27 mm on the lower side.

19. An odontological series of devices, containing a series of essentially conformal devices of different sizes, wherein the devices correspond to an odontological device according to claim 1.

20. A series of devices according to claim 19, wherein the upper side arch of a device in the series, measured along the base of the arch and between the second and third tooth, is less than about 26 mm, the maximum distance of the lower wing lower edge to the equivalent point on the surface of the isthmus between the masticating surfaces is approximately 8 to 10 mm, and when the mentioned arch is over 26 mm said maximum distance is about 14 mm.

21. An odontological device series according to claim 19, wherein when the upper side arch of a device in the series, measured essentially along the base of the arch and between the second and third tooth, is approx. 32 mm, the length of the mentioned compartment starting from the second premolar and terminating in an open end is 22 mm on the upper side and 24 mm on the lower side, and correspondingly, when the length of the mentioned arch is 37 mm, the length of the compartment is 24 mm on the upper side and 27 mm on the lower side.

22. A device series according to claim 19, wherein the smallest device in the series has the mentioned arch length of less than 26 mm and the largest 36 mm as a minimum, preferably at least of approx. 38 mm.

23. A device series according to claim 19, wherein the length of the smallest device in the series, measured from the wall on the lingual side of the front teeth to the line connecting the open ends of the molar areas, is essentially less than 40 mm and the upper side front wall at least 5 mm high.

24. A method in orthodontics for selecting an occlusion guidance appliance device, according to which method

at least one characteristic measurement is defined for an individual's teeth, and

based on this measurement an appropriate device is selected for that individual,

comprising the steps of:

measuring the length of the upper jaw side dental arch from the individual's teeth between the left and right hand side front and middle teeth or two middle teeth,

choosing, based on the measurement without taking separately into consideration the developmental phase of the teeth, a suitable occlusion guidance appliance devices from one of the occlusion guidance appliance device series according to one of claims 19 to 23, which contains several essentially conformal and different-sized occlusion guidance appliance devices.

25. A method according to claim 24, wherein the measurement of the dental arch is taken from the anatomy along the outer surface and a device is selected based on the resulting measurement, the arch measurement of which is 1-2 mm smaller than the measurement according to the anatomy.