US20010052428A1 - Steerable drilling tool - Google Patents
Steerable drilling tool Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20010052428A1 US20010052428A1 US09/881,149 US88114901A US2001052428A1 US 20010052428 A1 US20010052428 A1 US 20010052428A1 US 88114901 A US88114901 A US 88114901A US 2001052428 A1 US2001052428 A1 US 2001052428A1
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- borehole
- steering housing
- guide member
- steering
- housing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/04—Directional drilling
- E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes
- E21B7/067—Deflecting the direction of boreholes with means for locking sections of a pipe or of a guide for a shaft in angular relation, e.g. adjustable bent sub
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/04—Directional drilling
- E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes
- E21B7/062—Deflecting the direction of boreholes the tool shaft rotating inside a non-rotating guide travelling with the shaft
Definitions
- This invention relates in general to downhole steerable drilling tools for drilling directional wells.
- Directional wells have curved or inclined portions.
- a variety of types of tools have been used in the past for drilling wells at a desired inclination and in the desired direction.
- One type, used particularly for highly deviated wells utilizes a downhole drill or mud motor. While drilling a curved portion of the well, the downhole drill motor rotates the drill bit in response to the mud flow pressure being delivered from the surface. The drill string is not rotated, but slides downward while the drill bit extends the well in the desired direction and at the desired angle.
- the mud operated drill motor steers the drill string with the assistance of a bent housing.
- the lower portion of the housing is “bent” at an angle of a few degrees relative to the upper portion of the housing, typically about 0.4 to 2.5 degrees.
- Sensors above the housing sense the orientation of the housing and provide a signal to instruments at the surface.
- the orientation is sensed and signals sent by a measuring while drilling tool (MWD), which provides mud pulses or uses some other type of telemetry.
- MWD measuring while drilling tool
- the operator stops rotating the drill pipe and orients the drill pipe so that the lower part of the bent housing and bit are pointed in the desired direction.
- the operator then operates the drill motor by pumping drilling fluid down the drill pipe while holding the bent housing and drill pipe stationary.
- the operator then begins drilling straight by rotating the drill pipe.
- the bent housing which always rotates with the drill pipe, causes the bit to orbit slightly.
- straight drilling can be performed. While this technique is satisfactory, there are disadvantages associated with using this technique. For example, the operator is unable to rotate the upper section of the drill string while building an angle. This reduces the efficiency of hole cleaning. Also, the mud operated drill motor is inefficient in energy consumption.
- a straight housing is used.
- the axis of rotation of the drill bit can be changed relative to the housing because of articulated joints located within the housing.
- This type of tool also operates with a downhole drill motor.
- a downhole drill motor is not utilized.
- eccentric cam sleeves and weights are employed in the housing.
- the eccentric cam sleeves can be selectively rotated to change the angle of the axis of rotation of the drill bit relative to the housing.
- the housing is held against rotation by stabilizer blades, in type wheels, while the drill string and drill bit rotate.
- This type of tool has its advantages, however it is expensive and complex. Also, it is difficult to completely restrain the housing from rotation while the drill pipe and drill bit are rotating.
- the drill pipe and drill bit can rotate relative to the steering housing.
- a downhole drill motor is typically not utilized, but may be used above the assembly.
- the steering housing is of a bent housing type, with a lower portion at a slight angle relative to the upper portion.
- the steering housing could be straight, with articulated connecting joints within it to vary the axis of rotation of the drill bit relative to the housing.
- the steering housing has at least one guide member mounted to it.
- the guide member protrudes laterally from the steering housing for engaging the borehole wall while the drill pipe and drill bit are rotating relative to the steering housing.
- the guide member is mounted for selective turning movement about a steering axis.
- the steering axis is transverse to the length of the steering housing. Turning the guide member causes the steering housing to rotate about its longitudinal axis relative to the borehole as the housing slides downward in the borehole. Changing the orientation of the steering housing relative to the borehole changes the direction of the drill bit.
- the guide member operates similar to a short section of a screw thread of a self-tapping screw. The change in the angle of the protruding guide member behaves like a variable pitch screw thread.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a drill string and steerable drilling tool constructed in accordance with this invention.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged side elevational view of an upper portion of the steering housing of the steerable drilling tool of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 is a sectional view of an upper portion of the housing of FIG. 2, taken along the line 3 - 3 of FIG. 2.
- FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the steering housing of FIG. 2, taken along the line 4 - 4 of FIG. 3.
- FIG. 5 is a partial sectional view similar to FIG. 4, but enlarged and showing one of the guide members in a retracted position.
- FIG. 6 is a sectional view of an alternate embodiment of a guide member for the steering housing of FIG. 2.
- FIG. 7 is a sectional view of the guide member of FIG. 6, taken along the line 7 - 7 of FIG. 6.
- FIG. 8 is a sectional view of another alternate embodiment of the steering housing for the steering tool of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 9 is a sectional view of the housing of FIG. 8, taken along the line 9 - 9 of FIG. 8.
- FIG. 10 is an elevational view of a portion of the steering housing of FIG. 8.
- FIG. 11 is an enlarged partial view of the guide member for the steering housing of FIG. 10, illustrating the cam slot which controls turning of the guide member.
- FIG. 12 is a view of the guide member similar to FIG. 11, but showing the guide member rotated in one direction.
- FIG. 13 is a view of the guide member similar to FIG. 12, but showing the guide member rotated in an opposite direction.
- a deviated borehole 11 is shown schematically.
- a string 13 of drill pipe extends into borehole 11 , terminating in a drill bit 15 at the lower end.
- a steering housing 17 is located a short distance above drill bit 15 .
- Steering housing 17 in this embodiment is of a type referred to as a “bent housing”, suggesting it has an upper portion 17 a and a lower portion 17 b which are inclined a few degrees relative to each other. The angle of inclination in the drawing is exaggerated.
- a mandrel 19 extends rotatably through steering housing 17 , being supported within steering housing 17 by bearings (not shown). Mandrel 19 may be considered a part of drill string 13 because it always rotates with drill string 13 .
- Mandrel 19 has a passage 20 (FIG. 3) within it for the passage of drilling fluid being pumped down drill string 13 to bit 15 .
- the axis of rotation of bit 15 will be at a slight angle relative to the upper portion 17 a because of the bend in steering housing 17 . Consequently, by first orienting steering housing 17 in a particular direction and position in borehole 11 , and then holding it stationary, bit 15 will drill in a desired direction.
- a straight housing with articulated joints between bit 15 and drill string 13 could be used, such as shown and described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,895,214, which is intended to be incorporated herein by reference.
- a plurality of stabilizer blades 21 assist in allowing drill string 13 , mandrel 19 and drill bit 15 to rotate relative to steering housing 17 .
- Stabilizer blades 21 are longitudinally extending blades on upper portion 17 a or lower portion 17 b , or both, for engaging the sidewall 11 a defining borehole 11 .
- each stabilizer blade 21 has a guide member 23 mounted to it, although a single guide member 23 could suffice. As shown more clearly in FIGS. 2 - 4 , each guide member 23 has a protuberance 23 a which may be a sharp thin disk or blade for engaging the sidewall 11 a of borehole 11 .
- Guide members 23 are “angulatable” which, for purposes of this application, means the guide member(s) 23 can be rotated, moved or turned relative to the longitudinal axis of steering housing 17 to cause housing 17 to rotate slightly or for orientation in a desired direction.
- the turning movement of guide members 23 coupled with the downhole sliding movement of steering housing 17 , is similar in effect to varying the pitch of a short section of a screw thread of a self-tapping screw.
- the downhole assembly also includes a measuring while drilling (MWD) tool 25 , which may be of conventional design.
- MWD tool 25 will sense various characteristics of the well, including the direction or bearing, referred to as the tool face, of drill bit 15 and the inclination of the borehole 11 .
- MWD tool 25 provides signals to surface equipment by mud pulse telemetry (or alternate methods of telemetry) through the drilling mud flowing back through the annulus surrounding drill string 13 .
- the system preferably has bi-directional communication abilities between surface equipment and MWD tool 25 , allowing commands to be sent by the operator at the surface to MWD tool 25 .
- One method of communicating with MWD tool 25 is by manipulating mud pump pressure as explained in U.S. Pat. No. 5,979,570. For example, shutting off the mud pump (not shown) for a period of time may be sensed by the MWD tool 25 , which interprets this event as an indication to move from straight drilling to curved drilling.
- a clutch 27 is preferably mounted between steering housing 17 and MWD tool 25 , which rotates with drill string 13 .
- MWD tool 25 preferably always rotates with drill string 13 , however, housing 17 may be disengaged from rotation with drill string 13 .
- Clutch 27 may be of a generally conventional design which operates to selectively cause steering housing 17 to rotate with drill string 13 and, alternately, to allow drill string 13 and drill bit 15 to rotate relative to steering housing 17 .
- clutch 27 may include an actuator which is powered by a battery or generator in MWD tool 25 .
- a signal may be provided from the surface to MWD tool 25 , which sends an electrical signal to an actuator to cause clutch 27 to move between engaged and disengaged positions.
- clutch 27 may be shifted between its positions by manipulating mud pump pressure, generally as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,895,214, which material is hereby incorporated by reference.
- each guide member 23 is located in a hole 29 extending through the sidewall of steering housing 17 and one of the stabilizer blades 21 .
- Guide member 23 in this embodiment is a flat, thin blade 23 a with a sharpened outer edge for engaging the sidewall of borehole 11 .
- Guide member 23 is secured to and protrudes outward from a rotary member 33 .
- Rotary member 33 is a cylindrical disk which is rotatable relative to steering housing 17 about a steering axis 34 .
- Steering axis 34 is perpendicular to longitudinal axis 31 and intersects it in the preferred embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4.
- Rotary member 33 may be located within a retainer sleeve 35 , which in turn is sealingly secured within housing sidewall hole 29 .
- Rotary member 33 has seals on its sidewall which slidingly engage the inner diameter of retainer sleeve 35 .
- a snap ring type retainer 36 fits within the inner diameter of retainer sleeve 35 to retain rotary member 33 within retainer sleeve 35 .
- guide member 23 has a leading edge 37 and a trailing edge 39 , considering the forward or downward movement of steering housing 17 during drilling.
- Leading edge 37 refers to the lower or forward edge, which is the edge of guide member 23 closest to drill bit 15 .
- An imaginary line extending between leading edge 37 and trailing edge 39 may be referred to as a track 41 .
- track 41 is at a track angle 43 of about ten degrees negative relative to longitudinal axis 31 . If steering housing 17 is moving downward while guide member 23 is in the position shown in FIG. 2, its engagement with the sidewall 11 a of borehole 11 will tend to cause steering housing 17 to rotate counterclockwise, as viewed from above.
- a track angle 43 within the range of from negative fifteen degrees to positive fifteen degrees is a preferred working range for the track angle 43 .
- each of the guide members 23 may be synchronized to turn in unison.
- One type of actuator comprises a plurality of stepper motors 45 , shown in FIG. 4.
- a separate stepper motor 45 is coupled to each rotary member 33 by a right angle drive.
- Stepper motors 45 are located inside steering housing 17 , preferably in an annulus 47 located between mandrel 19 and the sidewall of steering housing 17 .
- Stepper motors 45 may be electrically powered by a battery or generator (not shown) located within MWD tool 25 (FIG. 1).
- Annulus 47 is filled with a dielectric fluid, such as oil.
- a pressure compensator (not shown) will equalize the pressure of the dielectric fluid with that of the drilling fluid pressure in the drill string 13 or alternately in the annulus of borehole 11 .
- each guide member 23 is retractable along its steering axis 34 from a retracted position shown in FIG. 5 to an extended position, shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. In the retracted position, the outer edge of guide member 23 will be recessed within hole 29 .
- Retraction and extension may be accomplished in a variety of manners. Preferably it is handled by a telescoping device which is biased to a retracted position.
- a telescoping device which is biased to a retracted position.
- this may include a hydraulic passage 48 leading to a hydraulic pump 49 incorporated within steering housing 17 and driven by an electrical motor supplied with power from MWD tool 25 (FIG. 1).
- Hydraulic pump 49 (FIG. 3) supplies pressure to a chamber on the interior side of rotary member 33 , causing it to move to the extended position.
- a spring 50 urges guide member 23 to the retracted position when hydraulic pressure from hydraulic pump 49 is removed.
- the operator When it is desired to begin a curve to establish a new direction, the operator provides a signal to actuate clutch 27 to the released position and to move guide members 23 to the extended position shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. Guide members 23 will engage the side of borehole 11 .
- the default orientation for guide members 23 may be in a neutral position, generally shown in FIG. 10, although a small track angle 43 (FIG. 2) may exist in the default position to accommodate for normal bit walk due to rotation of drill bit 15 .
- MWD tool 25 will sense the angle of the tool face of steering housing 17 and signal stepper motors 45 to turn guide members 23 to a desired track angle 43 , such as illustrated in FIG. 2, which is either preprogrammed in MWD tool 25 or signaled from the surface.
- Drill string 13 continues to rotate, which rotates MWD tool 25 and drill bit 15 through mandrel 19 .
- Housing 17 will not rotate in unison with drill pipe 13 because of stabilizer blades 21 and guide members 23 , however steering housing 17 will rotate slowly or turn about its longitudinal axis 31 due to seal and bearing friction between mandrel 19 and steering housing 17 and the track angle 43 (FIG. 2) set by guide members 23 .
- track angle 43 As drill bit 15 drills forward, steering housing 17 slides forwardly or downwardly.
- the track angle 43 selected by guide members 23 will force steering housing 17 to rotate to a different orientation relative to borehole 11 .
- Signals from MWD tool 25 will control stepper motor 45 to turn guide members 23 to various tracks 41 .
- Guide members 23 will thus be able to rotate steering housing 17 clockwise or counterclockwise as desired to maintain a desired heading or bearing of drill bit 15 which is either preprogrammed or signaled from the surface.
- the operator again provides a signal to cause clutch 27 to actuate, placing steering housing 17 in an engaged mode with drill pipe 13 and retracting guide members 23 .
- Signaling clutch 27 to engage and disengage could be automatic.
- FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate an alternate embodiment with similar components to those in the first embodiment being shown with a prime symbol.
- the only difference between the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 and the first embodiment is that rather than a stationary flat, thin blade for guide member 23 , the embodiment of FIG. 6 has a circular guide member 23 ′ rotatably mounted to axle 52 .
- Axle 52 is rigidly mounted to rotary member 33 ′ perpendicular to steering axis 34 (FIGS. 3 & 4).
- Guide member 23 ′ is thus a sharp circular disk which rolls as it engages the sidewall of borehole 11 .
- guide member 23 ′′ could be either a circular rolling disk/blade as in FIGS. 6 and 7 or a non-rotating blade as in FIGS. 1 - 5 .
- the embodiment of FIGS. 8 - 12 utilizes a different mechanism for turning guide members 23 about the steerable axis.
- similar components are shown with a double prime symbol.
- a cam sleeve 51 is mounted within annulus 47 ′′ for axial movement along longitudinal axis 31 ′′.
- Cam sleeve 51 has a cam slot 53 formed in its outer sidewall.
- a pin 55 is eccentrically mounted in rotary member 33 ′′.
- Pin 55 engages slot 53 , and slot 53 is curved to cause rotation of rotary member 33 ′′ when cam sleeve 51 moves axially.
- An actuator (not shown), which may be of a variety of types, will engage cam sleeve 51 to cause it to move axially.
- the actuator may be a linear motor supplied by power from MWD tool 25 .
- the actuator might be a hydraulically driven piston supplied with hydraulic pressure from a hydraulic pump located within housing 17 ′′.
- coil springs 57 and 59 urge cam sleeve 51 to a neutral position.
- FIGS. 10 - 11 The neutral position is illustrated in FIGS. 10 - 11 .
- guide member 23 ′′ In this position, guide member 23 ′′ is substantially aligned on longitudinal axis 31 ′′, however, it may be at a slight angle to resist normal bit walk. In the neutral position, guide member 23 ′′ will thus resist any rotation of housing 17 ′′ relative to the borehole.
- cam slot 53 has an upper portion 53 a which is inclined relative to axis 31 ′′ and a central portion 53 b which is parallel with axis 31 ′′.
- a lower portion 53 c joins central portion 53 b and is inclined relative to axis 31 ′′ at the same angle as upper portion 53 a.
- pin 55 rotates rotary member 33 ′′ counterclockwise to orient steering housing 17 ′′ for clockwise movement when viewed from above.
- the actuator moves cam sleeve 51 upward to the position shown in FIG. 13, it will cause pin 55 to rotate rotary member 33 ′′ clockwise. This results in steering housing 17 ′′ rotating counterclockwise when viewed from above.
- the invention has significant advantages. It allows substantially real time steering by monitoring the angle of the tool face and orienting the steering housing relative to the borehole by use of the guide members. It is less complex than an eccentric cam tool. It does not require the use of a downhole drill motor. Drilling continues with the drill string rotating at all times.
Abstract
A downhole steering tool will steer the angle of the drill bit for drilling directional wells. The steering tool includes a steering housing which is mounted on the drill string above the drill bit. The steering housing can be held against rotation while the drill string rotates to cause the bit to drill in a desired direction. Guide members are mounted on the steering housing. The guide members may engage the borehole. The guide members can be turned about an axis which is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the steering housing. Turning the guide members causes the steering housing to rotate relative to the borehole in one direction or the other as the housing slides downward in the borehole. Reorienting the steering housing allows steering of the drill bit.
Description
- This application is based upon and claims the priority of U.S. provisional application No. 60/211817 filed Jun. 15, 2000.
- This invention relates in general to downhole steerable drilling tools for drilling directional wells.
- Directional wells have curved or inclined portions. A variety of types of tools have been used in the past for drilling wells at a desired inclination and in the desired direction. One type, used particularly for highly deviated wells, utilizes a downhole drill or mud motor. While drilling a curved portion of the well, the downhole drill motor rotates the drill bit in response to the mud flow pressure being delivered from the surface. The drill string is not rotated, but slides downward while the drill bit extends the well in the desired direction and at the desired angle.
- In one technique, the mud operated drill motor steers the drill string with the assistance of a bent housing. The lower portion of the housing is “bent” at an angle of a few degrees relative to the upper portion of the housing, typically about 0.4 to 2.5 degrees. Sensors above the housing sense the orientation of the housing and provide a signal to instruments at the surface. Typically, the orientation is sensed and signals sent by a measuring while drilling tool (MWD), which provides mud pulses or uses some other type of telemetry. When the operator wishes to change the direction, the operator stops rotating the drill pipe and orients the drill pipe so that the lower part of the bent housing and bit are pointed in the desired direction. The operator then operates the drill motor by pumping drilling fluid down the drill pipe while holding the bent housing and drill pipe stationary. Once a sufficient curve has been built, the operator then begins drilling straight by rotating the drill pipe. The bent housing, which always rotates with the drill pipe, causes the bit to orbit slightly. However, because the origin of the orbital path is coincident or almost coincident with the center of the hole, straight drilling can be performed. While this technique is satisfactory, there are disadvantages associated with using this technique. For example, the operator is unable to rotate the upper section of the drill string while building an angle. This reduces the efficiency of hole cleaning. Also, the mud operated drill motor is inefficient in energy consumption.
- In another type of directional drilling tool, a straight housing is used. The axis of rotation of the drill bit can be changed relative to the housing because of articulated joints located within the housing. This type of tool also operates with a downhole drill motor. In still another type, a downhole drill motor is not utilized. Rather, eccentric cam sleeves and weights are employed in the housing. The eccentric cam sleeves can be selectively rotated to change the angle of the axis of rotation of the drill bit relative to the housing. The housing is held against rotation by stabilizer blades, in type wheels, while the drill string and drill bit rotate. This type of tool has its advantages, however it is expensive and complex. Also, it is difficult to completely restrain the housing from rotation while the drill pipe and drill bit are rotating.
- In this invention, the drill pipe and drill bit can rotate relative to the steering housing. A downhole drill motor is typically not utilized, but may be used above the assembly. Preferably, the steering housing is of a bent housing type, with a lower portion at a slight angle relative to the upper portion. Alternately, the steering housing could be straight, with articulated connecting joints within it to vary the axis of rotation of the drill bit relative to the housing.
- The steering housing has at least one guide member mounted to it. The guide member protrudes laterally from the steering housing for engaging the borehole wall while the drill pipe and drill bit are rotating relative to the steering housing. The guide member is mounted for selective turning movement about a steering axis. The steering axis is transverse to the length of the steering housing. Turning the guide member causes the steering housing to rotate about its longitudinal axis relative to the borehole as the housing slides downward in the borehole. Changing the orientation of the steering housing relative to the borehole changes the direction of the drill bit. As an analogy, the guide member operates similar to a short section of a screw thread of a self-tapping screw. The change in the angle of the protruding guide member behaves like a variable pitch screw thread.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a drill string and steerable drilling tool constructed in accordance with this invention.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged side elevational view of an upper portion of the steering housing of the steerable drilling tool of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 is a sectional view of an upper portion of the housing of FIG. 2, taken along the line3-3 of FIG. 2.
- FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the steering housing of FIG. 2, taken along the line4-4 of FIG. 3.
- FIG. 5 is a partial sectional view similar to FIG. 4, but enlarged and showing one of the guide members in a retracted position.
- FIG. 6 is a sectional view of an alternate embodiment of a guide member for the steering housing of FIG. 2.
- FIG. 7 is a sectional view of the guide member of FIG. 6, taken along the line7-7 of FIG. 6.
- FIG. 8 is a sectional view of another alternate embodiment of the steering housing for the steering tool of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 9 is a sectional view of the housing of FIG. 8, taken along the line9-9 of FIG. 8.
- FIG. 10 is an elevational view of a portion of the steering housing of FIG. 8.
- FIG. 11 is an enlarged partial view of the guide member for the steering housing of FIG. 10, illustrating the cam slot which controls turning of the guide member.
- FIG. 12 is a view of the guide member similar to FIG. 11, but showing the guide member rotated in one direction.
- FIG. 13 is a view of the guide member similar to FIG. 12, but showing the guide member rotated in an opposite direction.
- Referring to FIG. 1, a deviated
borehole 11 is shown schematically. Astring 13 of drill pipe extends intoborehole 11, terminating in adrill bit 15 at the lower end. Asteering housing 17 is located a short distance abovedrill bit 15.Steering housing 17 in this embodiment is of a type referred to as a “bent housing”, suggesting it has anupper portion 17 a and alower portion 17 b which are inclined a few degrees relative to each other. The angle of inclination in the drawing is exaggerated. Amandrel 19 extends rotatably throughsteering housing 17, being supported withinsteering housing 17 by bearings (not shown). Mandrel 19 may be considered a part ofdrill string 13 because it always rotates withdrill string 13.Mandrel 19 has a passage 20 (FIG. 3) within it for the passage of drilling fluid being pumped downdrill string 13 tobit 15. The axis of rotation ofbit 15 will be at a slight angle relative to theupper portion 17 a because of the bend in steeringhousing 17. Consequently, by first orienting steeringhousing 17 in a particular direction and position inborehole 11, and then holding it stationary,bit 15 will drill in a desired direction. Alternately, a straight housing with articulated joints betweenbit 15 anddrill string 13 could be used, such as shown and described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,895,214, which is intended to be incorporated herein by reference. - A plurality of
stabilizer blades 21 assist in allowingdrill string 13,mandrel 19 anddrill bit 15 to rotate relative to steeringhousing 17.Stabilizer blades 21 are longitudinally extending blades onupper portion 17 a orlower portion 17 b, or both, for engaging thesidewall 11 a definingborehole 11. In the preferred embodiment, eachstabilizer blade 21 has aguide member 23 mounted to it, although asingle guide member 23 could suffice. As shown more clearly in FIGS. 2-4, eachguide member 23 has aprotuberance 23 a which may be a sharp thin disk or blade for engaging thesidewall 11 a ofborehole 11.Guide members 23 are “angulatable” which, for purposes of this application, means the guide member(s) 23 can be rotated, moved or turned relative to the longitudinal axis of steeringhousing 17 to causehousing 17 to rotate slightly or for orientation in a desired direction. The turning movement ofguide members 23, coupled with the downhole sliding movement of steeringhousing 17, is similar in effect to varying the pitch of a short section of a screw thread of a self-tapping screw. - Referring still to FIG. 1, the downhole assembly also includes a measuring while drilling (MWD)
tool 25, which may be of conventional design.MWD tool 25 will sense various characteristics of the well, including the direction or bearing, referred to as the tool face, ofdrill bit 15 and the inclination of theborehole 11.MWD tool 25 provides signals to surface equipment by mud pulse telemetry (or alternate methods of telemetry) through the drilling mud flowing back through the annulus surroundingdrill string 13. Also, the system preferably has bi-directional communication abilities between surface equipment andMWD tool 25, allowing commands to be sent by the operator at the surface toMWD tool 25. One method of communicating withMWD tool 25 is by manipulating mud pump pressure as explained in U.S. Pat. No. 5,979,570. For example, shutting off the mud pump (not shown) for a period of time may be sensed by theMWD tool 25, which interprets this event as an indication to move from straight drilling to curved drilling. - A clutch27 is preferably mounted between steering
housing 17 andMWD tool 25, which rotates withdrill string 13.MWD tool 25 preferably always rotates withdrill string 13, however,housing 17 may be disengaged from rotation withdrill string 13.Clutch 27 may be of a generally conventional design which operates to selectively cause steeringhousing 17 to rotate withdrill string 13 and, alternately, to allowdrill string 13 anddrill bit 15 to rotate relative to steeringhousing 17. For example, clutch 27 may include an actuator which is powered by a battery or generator inMWD tool 25. A signal may be provided from the surface toMWD tool 25, which sends an electrical signal to an actuator to cause clutch 27 to move between engaged and disengaged positions. Alternately, clutch 27 may be shifted between its positions by manipulating mud pump pressure, generally as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,895,214, which material is hereby incorporated by reference. - Referring now to FIGS.2-4, in this embodiment each
guide member 23 is located in ahole 29 extending through the sidewall of steeringhousing 17 and one of thestabilizer blades 21.Guide member 23 in this embodiment is a flat,thin blade 23 a with a sharpened outer edge for engaging the sidewall ofborehole 11.Guide member 23 is secured to and protrudes outward from arotary member 33.Rotary member 33 is a cylindrical disk which is rotatable relative to steeringhousing 17 about a steeringaxis 34. Steeringaxis 34 is perpendicular tolongitudinal axis 31 and intersects it in the preferred embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4.Rotary member 33 may be located within aretainer sleeve 35, which in turn is sealingly secured withinhousing sidewall hole 29.Rotary member 33 has seals on its sidewall which slidingly engage the inner diameter ofretainer sleeve 35. A snapring type retainer 36 fits within the inner diameter ofretainer sleeve 35 to retainrotary member 33 withinretainer sleeve 35. - Referring to FIG. 2,
guide member 23 has aleading edge 37 and a trailingedge 39, considering the forward or downward movement of steeringhousing 17 during drilling. Leadingedge 37 refers to the lower or forward edge, which is the edge ofguide member 23 closest to drillbit 15. An imaginary line extending between leadingedge 37 and trailingedge 39 may be referred to as atrack 41. In the position shown in FIG. 2,track 41 is at atrack angle 43 of about ten degrees negative relative tolongitudinal axis 31. If steeringhousing 17 is moving downward whileguide member 23 is in the position shown in FIG. 2, its engagement with thesidewall 11 a ofborehole 11 will tend to cause steeringhousing 17 to rotate counterclockwise, as viewed from above. On the other hand, ifrotary member 33 is rotated clockwise about steeringaxis 34 to a position whereintrack angle 43 is positive, or located on the opposite side oflongitudinal axis 31,guide member 23 would tend to cause steeringhousing 17 to rotate clockwise in the borehole 11 as seen from above. Presently, atrack angle 43 within the range of from negative fifteen degrees to positive fifteen degrees is a preferred working range for thetrack angle 43. - Various actuators may be employed to cause each of the
guide members 23 to turn about itssteering axis 34. Preferably, each of theguide members 23 are synchronized to turn in unison. One type of actuator comprises a plurality ofstepper motors 45, shown in FIG. 4. Aseparate stepper motor 45 is coupled to eachrotary member 33 by a right angle drive.Stepper motors 45 are located inside steeringhousing 17, preferably in anannulus 47 located betweenmandrel 19 and the sidewall of steeringhousing 17.Stepper motors 45 may be electrically powered by a battery or generator (not shown) located within MWD tool 25 (FIG. 1).Annulus 47 is filled with a dielectric fluid, such as oil. A pressure compensator (not shown) will equalize the pressure of the dielectric fluid with that of the drilling fluid pressure in thedrill string 13 or alternately in the annulus ofborehole 11. - Also, preferably, each
guide member 23 is retractable along itssteering axis 34 from a retracted position shown in FIG. 5 to an extended position, shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. In the retracted position, the outer edge ofguide member 23 will be recessed withinhole 29. Retraction and extension may be accomplished in a variety of manners. Preferably it is handled by a telescoping device which is biased to a retracted position. For example, this may include ahydraulic passage 48 leading to ahydraulic pump 49 incorporated within steeringhousing 17 and driven by an electrical motor supplied with power from MWD tool 25 (FIG. 1). Hydraulic pump 49 (FIG. 3) supplies pressure to a chamber on the interior side ofrotary member 33, causing it to move to the extended position. A spring 50 (FIG. 5) urgesguide member 23 to the retracted position when hydraulic pressure fromhydraulic pump 49 is removed. - In the operation of the embodiment of FIGS.1-5, the upper end of
mandrel 19 will be connected toMWD tool 25 and the lower end to drillbit 15.Clutch 27 will be located on theupper end 17 a of steeringhousing 17.MWD tool 25 will be secured to astring 13 of drill pipe. The entire assembly is lowered into the well. The default position for clutch 27 will be in an engaged position, locking steeringhousing 17 todrill string 13 for rotation therewith, and the default position forguide members 23 will be a retracted position. While in the default position, which is for drilling in a straight line,MWD tool 25 andhousing 17 rotate in unison withdrill string 13 andmandrel 19. Althoughbit 15 will orbit slightly relative toupper housing portion 1 7 a, it will drill straight portions ofborehole 11. - When it is desired to begin a curve to establish a new direction, the operator provides a signal to actuate clutch27 to the released position and to move
guide members 23 to the extended position shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.Guide members 23 will engage the side ofborehole 11. The default orientation forguide members 23 may be in a neutral position, generally shown in FIG. 10, although a small track angle 43 (FIG. 2) may exist in the default position to accommodate for normal bit walk due to rotation ofdrill bit 15.MWD tool 25 will sense the angle of the tool face of steeringhousing 17 andsignal stepper motors 45 to turnguide members 23 to a desiredtrack angle 43, such as illustrated in FIG. 2, which is either preprogrammed inMWD tool 25 or signaled from the surface.Drill string 13 continues to rotate, which rotatesMWD tool 25 anddrill bit 15 throughmandrel 19.Housing 17 will not rotate in unison withdrill pipe 13 because ofstabilizer blades 21 andguide members 23, however steeringhousing 17 will rotate slowly or turn about itslongitudinal axis 31 due to seal and bearing friction betweenmandrel 19 and steeringhousing 17 and the track angle 43 (FIG. 2) set byguide members 23. Asdrill bit 15 drills forward, steeringhousing 17 slides forwardly or downwardly. Thetrack angle 43 selected byguide members 23 will force steeringhousing 17 to rotate to a different orientation relative toborehole 11. Signals fromMWD tool 25 will controlstepper motor 45 to turnguide members 23 tovarious tracks 41.Guide members 23 will thus be able to rotate steeringhousing 17 clockwise or counterclockwise as desired to maintain a desired heading or bearing ofdrill bit 15 which is either preprogrammed or signaled from the surface. When a sufficient amount of the curve has been built, the operator again provides a signal to cause clutch 27 to actuate, placing steeringhousing 17 in an engaged mode withdrill pipe 13 and retractingguide members 23. Signaling clutch 27 to engage and disengage could be automatic. - FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate an alternate embodiment with similar components to those in the first embodiment being shown with a prime symbol. The only difference between the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 and the first embodiment is that rather than a stationary flat, thin blade for
guide member 23, the embodiment of FIG. 6 has acircular guide member 23′ rotatably mounted toaxle 52.Axle 52 is rigidly mounted torotary member 33′ perpendicular to steering axis 34 (FIGS. 3 & 4).Guide member 23′ is thus a sharp circular disk which rolls as it engages the sidewall ofborehole 11. - In the embodiment of FIGS. 8 and 9,
guide member 23″ could be either a circular rolling disk/blade as in FIGS. 6 and 7 or a non-rotating blade as in FIGS. 1-5. The embodiment of FIGS. 8-12, however, utilizes a different mechanism for turningguide members 23 about the steerable axis. In this embodiment, similar components are shown with a double prime symbol. Acam sleeve 51 is mounted withinannulus 47″ for axial movement alonglongitudinal axis 31″.Cam sleeve 51 has acam slot 53 formed in its outer sidewall. Apin 55 is eccentrically mounted inrotary member 33″.Pin 55 engagesslot 53, andslot 53 is curved to cause rotation ofrotary member 33″ whencam sleeve 51 moves axially. An actuator (not shown), which may be of a variety of types, will engagecam sleeve 51 to cause it to move axially. The actuator may be a linear motor supplied by power fromMWD tool 25. Alternately, the actuator might be a hydraulically driven piston supplied with hydraulic pressure from a hydraulic pump located withinhousing 17″. Preferably coil springs 57 and 59urge cam sleeve 51 to a neutral position. - The neutral position is illustrated in FIGS.10-11. In this position,
guide member 23″ is substantially aligned onlongitudinal axis 31″, however, it may be at a slight angle to resist normal bit walk. In the neutral position,guide member 23″ will thus resist any rotation ofhousing 17″ relative to the borehole. As shown in FIG. 11,cam slot 53 has anupper portion 53 a which is inclined relative toaxis 31″ and acentral portion 53 b which is parallel withaxis 31″. Alower portion 53 c joinscentral portion 53 b and is inclined relative toaxis 31″ at the same angle asupper portion 53 a. Whencam sleeve 51 has moved downward to the position shown in FIG. 12,pin 55 rotatesrotary member 33″ counterclockwise to orient steeringhousing 17″ for clockwise movement when viewed from above. When the actuator movescam sleeve 51 upward to the position shown in FIG. 13, it will causepin 55 to rotaterotary member 33″ clockwise. This results in steeringhousing 17″ rotating counterclockwise when viewed from above. - The invention has significant advantages. It allows substantially real time steering by monitoring the angle of the tool face and orienting the steering housing relative to the borehole by use of the guide members. It is less complex than an eccentric cam tool. It does not require the use of a downhole drill motor. Drilling continues with the drill string rotating at all times.
- While it has been shown in only a few of its forms, it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that it is not so limited, but susceptible to various changes without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (24)
1. A steering apparatus for use in directional drilling a borehole with a drill string and a drill bit, comprising:
a steering housing mounted on the drill string above the drill bit;
a clutch connected between the drill string and the steering housing; and
at least one angulatable guide member mounted to the steering housing, and having a protuberance from the steering housing.
2. The apparatus according to , wherein said protuberance comprises a blade for engaging a sidewall of the borehole.
claim 1
3. The apparatus according to , wherein said at least one angulatable guide member includes a rotary member defining a steering axis which is approximately perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the steering housing.
claim 1
4. The apparatus according to , wherein said protuberance comprises a blade for engaging a sidewall of the borehole.
claim 3
5. The apparatus according to , further comprising a motor mounted in the steering housing and coupled to said at least one angulatable guide member.
claim 1
6. The apparatus according to , wherein said at least one angulatable guide member comprises an extensible and retractable, angulatable guide member.
claim 1
7. The apparatus according to , further comprising at least one stabilizer blade connected to the steering housing having an outer diameter which is greater than an outer diameter of the steering housing and less than an outer diameter of said protuberance.
claim 1
8. The apparatus according to , further comprising:
claim 1
an annular cam member mounted in the steering housing, said annular cam member having a cam slot; and
a pin extending eccentrically from said at least one angulatable guide member into engagement with the cam slot.
9. The apparatus according to , wherein said at least one angulatable guide member comprises a plurality of angulatable guide members evenly spaced around a circumference of the steering housing.
claim 1
10. The apparatus according to , wherein the steering housing has an upper portion and a lower portion, and the lower portion has a longitudinal axis which is at angle relative to a longitudinal axis of the upper portion.
claim 1
11. A steering apparatus for use in directional drilling a borehole with a drill string and a drill bit, comprising:
a steering housing mounted on the drill string above the drill bit;
a means for allowing rotation of the drill string relative to the steering housing connected between the drill string and the steering housing; and
a means for engaging a sidewall of the borehole mounted in the steering housing including a means for independently turning said means for engaging the sidewall of the borehole.
12. The apparatus according to , wherein said means for engaging a sidewall of the borehole comprises a plurality of blades.
claim 11
13. The apparatus according to , wherein said means for independently turning comprises an angulatable guide member.
claim 11
14. The apparatus according to , wherein said means for engaging a sidewall of the borehole comprises a plurality of blades.
claim 13
15. The apparatus according to , wherein said means for independently turning comprises a plurality of motors mounted in the steering housing and operationally coupled to said means for engaging a sidewall of the borehole.
claim 11
16. The apparatus according to , wherein said means for engaging the sidewall of the borehole comprises a plurality of extensible and retractable blades.
claim 11
17. The apparatus according to , wherein said means for allowing rotation of the drill string relative to the steering housing comprises a clutch.
claim 11
18. The apparatus according to , wherein the actuator compnses:
claim 11
an annular cam member mounted in the steering housing, said annular cam member having a cam slot; and
a pin extending eccentrically from said means for independently turning into engagement with the cam slot.
19. The apparatus according to , wherein the steering housing has a lower portion and an upper portion, and the lower portion has a longitudinal axis which is inclined relative to a longitudinal axis of the upper portion.
claim 11
20. The apparatus according to , wherein said means for engaging a sidewall of the borehole is located on the upper portion of the steering housing.
claim 19
21. A method of steering a drill bit for directional drilling a well wherein the drill bit forms a borehole with a sidewall, comprising:
(a) penetrating the sidewall of the borehole with a guide member;
(b) rotating the drill string and the drill bit independent from the guide member; and
(c) selectively angulating the guide member to change an orientation relative to the borehole.
22. The method according to , further comprising:
claim 21
retracting the guide member away from the sidewall of the borehole.
23. The method according to , further comprising selectively rotating the drill string and the drill bit together with the guide member.
claim 22
24. The method according to , wherein said step of angulating the guide member in one direction causes the drill bit to rotate relative to the borehole in a counterclockwise direction, and angulating the guide member sufficiently in an opposite direction causes the drill bit to rotate relative to the borehole in a clockwise direction.
claim 21
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US09/881,149 US20010052428A1 (en) | 2000-06-15 | 2001-06-14 | Steerable drilling tool |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US21181700P | 2000-06-15 | 2000-06-15 | |
US09/881,149 US20010052428A1 (en) | 2000-06-15 | 2001-06-14 | Steerable drilling tool |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20010052428A1 true US20010052428A1 (en) | 2001-12-20 |
Family
ID=26906492
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/881,149 Abandoned US20010052428A1 (en) | 2000-06-15 | 2001-06-14 | Steerable drilling tool |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20010052428A1 (en) |
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