EP2674129A1 - Production of individual dental prostheses via CAD/CAM and rapid manufacturing/rapid prototyping from digitally recorded oral data - Google Patents

Production of individual dental prostheses via CAD/CAM and rapid manufacturing/rapid prototyping from digitally recorded oral data Download PDF

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EP2674129A1
EP2674129A1 EP13170659.0A EP13170659A EP2674129A1 EP 2674129 A1 EP2674129 A1 EP 2674129A1 EP 13170659 A EP13170659 A EP 13170659A EP 2674129 A1 EP2674129 A1 EP 2674129A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
production
cad
dental arch
sla
fdm
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2674129B1 (en
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Dr. Uwe Böhm
Dr. Klaus Ruppert
Dr. Mario Beyer
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Kulzer GmbH
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Heraeus Kulzer GmbH
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C13/00—Dental prostheses; Making same
    • A61C13/0003—Making bridge-work, inlays, implants or the like
    • A61C13/0004—Computer-assisted sizing or machining of dental prostheses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C13/00—Dental prostheses; Making same
    • A61C13/0003—Making bridge-work, inlays, implants or the like
    • A61C13/0006—Production methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C13/00—Dental prostheses; Making same
    • A61C13/0003—Making bridge-work, inlays, implants or the like
    • A61C13/0006—Production methods
    • A61C13/0013—Production methods using stereolithographic techniques
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C13/00—Dental prostheses; Making same
    • A61C13/0003—Making bridge-work, inlays, implants or the like
    • A61C13/0006—Production methods
    • A61C13/0018—Production methods using laser
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
    • G16H20/00—ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance
    • G16H20/40—ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance relating to mechanical, radiation or invasive therapies, e.g. surgery, laser therapy, dialysis or acupuncture
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49567—Dental appliance making

Definitions

  • the invention relates to methods for the automated production of dental prostheses, in particular the production of individual dental prostheses via CAD / CAM and rapid manufacturing / rapid prototyping from digitally collected data of the oral situation.
  • PMMA polymethylmethacrylate
  • Palapress Paladur
  • SR 3 / 60® Quick Ivoclar, LI
  • Degupress® Degussa-Hüls, DE
  • thermosetting materials commercial products are e.g. Paladon® 65 (Heraeus Kulzer, DE), SR 3 / 60®, SR Ivocap® (Ivoclar, LI), Lucitone® (Dentsply, US)] and thermoplastically processable injection molding compounds.
  • thermoplastic materials are heated and usually injected by injection molding in a cavity.
  • a known process is "Polyapress” ®, which is sold, inter alia, by Bredent, Senden (DE).
  • Polyapress ®
  • polyurethane polyurethane
  • polyamide polycarbonate
  • Rapid prototyping Rapid prototyping 1
  • methods have also been proposed for use in dental technology.
  • polymerizable layers DE 101 14 290 A1 .
  • DE 101 50 256 A1 or ink-jet powder pressure ( US 6,322,728 B1 ) worked.
  • 1 Rapid Prototyping German rapid prototyping
  • Rapid prototyping processes are thus production processes that have the goal of converting existing CAD data directly and quickly into workpieces, if possible without manual detours or forms.
  • the relevant data interface for this process group is the STL format.
  • the known under the term of rapid prototyping since the 1980s methods are usually primary molding, which build the workpiece layers of shapeless or form-neutral material using physical and / or chemical effects.
  • Rapid Manufacturing and Rapid Manufacturing English referred methods and production processes for fast and flexible production of components and series via tool-free production directly from CAD data. Used materials are glass, metal, ceramics, plastics and new materials (such as UV curing sol-gel, see for example Multi Jet Modeling)
  • the transfer can be made directly to the prosthesis, ie, according to the data of the virtual tooth set-up a prosthesis base is made with positioning aids for the teeth, in which then only the selected selected prefabricated teeth to be used need.
  • the prosthesis base can be generated directly, or you can produce a mold for them. For example, milling or rapid prototyping can be used. "
  • CAD / CAM In the field of CAD / CAM milling technology, hereinafter referred to simply as CAD / CAM, it is already possible today to process multicolored, layered plastic (eg Vita CAD-temp multicolor) or also ceramic materials (eg Vitablocs Triluxe), which make the finished tooth, or the finished prosthetic work very natural.
  • multicolored, layered plastic eg Vita CAD-temp multicolor
  • ceramic materials eg Vitablocs Triluxe
  • the object is to provide methods with which the automated production can be further improved. Also, the production of aesthetically sophisticated dental prostheses with color layering or color or transparency gradations should be possible.
  • the support structures or fastening elements of partial dentures are preferably made of metal or high-performance polymers. It is also possible to produce partial dentures fully automatically by coating the support structures with tooth-colored material.
  • the procedure is also suitable for implant-supported partial or full dentures.
  • Another application is the replacement of defective prostheses. After stored data of the damaged prosthesis can be easily made an individual new. Of course, this can be done in a center or directly in the dental technician workshop or the dental practice - depending on where the machine equipment is available.
  • the method is of course also suitable for the production of removable full dentures.
  • the support structure is preferably printed with SLM, the gums are then also built up in layers with selective laser melting of suitable thermoplastic materials.
  • Dental arch and gums are advantageously produced separately.
  • the procedures are suitable SLA, inkjet, SLM and FDM and CAD / CAM milling; for the gums SLA, Inkjet and SLM.
  • the outer layer can have a different transparency value than the inner one. This allows a natural appearance and is particularly suitable for anterior teeth.
  • the outer layer can also be particularly stable mechanically or against abrasion. This in turn is particularly suitable for molars with heavy chewing load.
  • this can be achieved by constructing the inside of the tooth with SLA or inkjet.
  • the outer second material may e.g. be applied with FDM.
  • Antiplaque layers can also be provided in this way.
  • the steps D1) and D2) can be done on two different machines, respectively for red (gums) and white (teeth).
  • the flow chart of the Fig. 1 illustrates the possibilities for various embodiments of the manufacturing method according to the invention and the material groups explained in the text.

Abstract

The method involves provisioning 3D data of mouth situation in edentulate state and performing digital designing of a denture base for a lower and an upper jaw. Virtual teeth are digital positioned with appropriate occlusion based on tooth shape selected according to aesthetic criteria. A dental arch and the denture base are produced using automated process from groups of layer-buildings and material-removing process. The dental arch and dental base are produced using any one of processes such as Stereolithography (SLA), inkjet printing, fused deposition modeling (FDM) and CAD/CAM cutting.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft Verfahren zur automatisierten Herstellung von Zahnprothesen, insbesondere die Herstellung individueller dentaler Prothesen via CAD/CAM und Rapid Manufacturing/Rapid Prototyping aus digital erhobenen Daten der Mundsituation.The invention relates to methods for the automated production of dental prostheses, in particular the production of individual dental prostheses via CAD / CAM and rapid manufacturing / rapid prototyping from digitally collected data of the oral situation.

Hintergrundbackground

Die Herstellung von Zahnvoll- oder-teilprothesen erfolgt nach an sich bekannten Verfahren. Zu nennen sind z. B. die herkömmlichen Verfahren der Pulver/Flüssigkeitstechnologie, wie sie seit langem bekannt und in der Literatur beschrieben sind (z.B. EP 1 243 230 A2 , US 6,881,360 B2 und " Dental Materials" in: Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry Copyright 2002 by Wiley-VCH Verlag ).The production of full dentures or partial dentures is carried out according to known methods. To name a few are z. For example, the conventional methods of powder / liquid technology, as they have long been known and described in the literature (eg EP 1 243 230 A2 . US 6,881,360 B2 and " Dental Materials "in: Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry Copyright 2002 by Wiley-VCH ).

Allgemein sind drei unterschiedliche Hauptmaterialklassen zur Herstellung von totalprothetischen Arbeiten bekannt. Dies sind auf Polymethylmethacrylat (PMMA) basierende Zweikomponentenmaterialien [Handelsprodukte Palapress, Paladur (Heraeus Kulzer, DE), SR 3/60® Quick (Ivoclar, LI), Degupress ® (Degussa-Hüls, DE)]; heißhärtende Materialien [Handelsprodukte sind z.B. Paladon® 65 (Heraeus Kulzer, DE), SR 3/60®, SR Ivocap® (Ivoclar, LI), Lucitone® (Dentsply, US)] sowie thermoplastisch verarbeitbare Spritzgießmassen.Generally, three different main classes of materials are known for making total prosthetic work. These are polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) based bicomponent materials [commercial products Palapress, Paladur (Heraeus Kulzer, DE), SR 3 / 60® Quick (Ivoclar, LI), Degupress® (Degussa-Hüls, DE)]; thermosetting materials [commercial products are e.g. Paladon® 65 (Heraeus Kulzer, DE), SR 3 / 60®, SR Ivocap® (Ivoclar, LI), Lucitone® (Dentsply, US)] and thermoplastically processable injection molding compounds.

Die thermoplastischen Materialien werden erhitzt und meist über ein Spritzgussverfahren in einen Hohlraum injiziert. Ein bekanntes Verfahren ist "Polyapress"®, welches unter anderem von der Fa. Bredent, Senden (DE), vertrieben wird. Es hat nicht an Versuchen gefehlt, Polymere wie etwa PVC, Polyurethan, Polyamid oder Polycarbonat einzusetzen (Ullmann's aaO 5.1.5. Other Denture Resins.)The thermoplastic materials are heated and usually injected by injection molding in a cavity. A known process is "Polyapress" ®, which is sold, inter alia, by Bredent, Senden (DE). There has been no lack of attempts to use polymers such as PVC, polyurethane, polyamide or polycarbonate (Ullmann's supra 5.1.5. Other Denture Resins.)

Weiter existieren Verfahren, die auf licht- oder mikrowellenhärtenden 1-Komponenten-Materialien aufbauen (z.B. Eclipse von DeguDent; (Ullmann's aaO[MB1] 5.1.3. Light-Cured Polymers, 5.1.4. Microwave-Cured Polymers).Furthermore, there are processes which are based on light-curing or microwave-curing 1-component materials (eg Eclipse from DeguDent; Ullmann's supra [MB1] 5.1.3 Light-Cured Polymers, 5.1.4 Microwave-Cured Polymer).

Aus der Zahntechnik sind außerdem manuelle schichtaufbauende Verfahren bekannt. Diese werden meist in Verbindung mit lichthärtenden Materialien angewandt. Z.B. zur Verblendung von Metallkronen oder zur Erstellung einer Prothese. Vorteile bei diesen Verfahren sind die während des Verfahrens mögliche Kontrolle und die Möglichkeit der Variation der Farben, um möglichst ästhetische zahntechnische Arbeiten zu erhalten.In addition, manual layer-building methods are known from dental technology. These are usually used in conjunction with light-curing materials. For example, for the veneering of metal crowns or for the creation of a prosthesis. Advantages with these methods are the possible control during the procedure and the possibility of the variation of the colors, in order to obtain the most esthetic dental work possible.

In DE 10 2009 056 752 A1 wird die separate Herstellung von Zahnbogen und Prothesenbasis/Zahnfleischimitation beschrieben. Die Teile sind zum anschließenden Zusammenkleben vorgesehen: Insbesondere wird dort nach Bereitstellung von Daten aus der digitalen Abdrucknahme oder der Digitalisierung einer herkömmlichen Silikon-Funktionsabformung ein farblich geschichteter Kunststoff- oder Keramik-Zahnbogen erzeugt. Parallel ist das Erstellen und Fertigen einer Zahnfleischimitation vorgesehen. Zahnbogen und Zahnfleisch werden dann mittels etablierter Klebeverfahren fest miteinander verbunden.In DE 10 2009 056 752 A1 The separate production of dental arch and denture base / gum imitation is described. The parts are intended for subsequent gluing: In particular, there is produced after provision of data from the digital impression or the digitization of a conventional silicone functional impression a color-coated plastic or ceramic dental arch. In parallel, the creation and production of a gum imitation is provided. Dental arch and gums are then firmly bonded together using established bonding techniques.

Es wurden auch schnelle Prototypherstellung(Rapid-Prototyping1)-Verfahren zum Einsatz in der Zahntechnik vorgeschlagen. Dabei wird mit polymerisierbaren Schichten ( DE 101 14 290 A1 , DE 101 50 256 A1 ) oder Ink-Jet-Pulverdruck ( US 6,322,728 B1 ) gearbeitet.
1 Rapid Prototyping (deutsch schneller Prototypenbau) ist ein Verfahren zur schnellen Herstellung von Musterbauteilen ausgehend von Konstruktionsdaten. Rapid-Prototyping-Verfahren sind somit Fertigungsverfahren, die das Ziel haben, vorhandene CAD-Daten möglichst ohne manuelle Umwege oder Formen direkt und schnell in Werkstücke umzusetzen. Die für diese Verfahrensgruppe relevante Datenschnittstelle ist das STL-Format. Die unter dem Begriff des Rapid Prototyping seit den 1980er Jahren bekannt gewordenen Verfahren sind in der Regel Urformverfahren, die das Werkstück schichtweise aus formlosem oder formneutralem Material unter Nutzung physikalischer und/oder chemischer Effekte aufbauen.Rapid prototyping (Rapid Prototyping 1 ) methods have also been proposed for use in dental technology. In this case, with polymerizable layers ( DE 101 14 290 A1 . DE 101 50 256 A1 ) or ink-jet powder pressure ( US 6,322,728 B1 ) worked.
1 Rapid Prototyping (German rapid prototyping) is a method for the rapid production of sample components on the basis of design data. Rapid prototyping processes are thus production processes that have the goal of converting existing CAD data directly and quickly into workpieces, if possible without manual detours or forms. The relevant data interface for this process group is the STL format. The known under the term of rapid prototyping since the 1980s methods are usually primary molding, which build the workpiece layers of shapeless or form-neutral material using physical and / or chemical effects.

Weiterentwicklungen auf dem Gebiet der Frästechnik (CAD/CAM-Fräsen) und der generativen Fertigungstechniken schneller Prototypenbau (Rapid Prototyping) und schnelle Fertigung (Rapid Manufacturing2) halten Einzug in die Dentalprothetik.
2 Der Begriff Schnelle Fertigung bzw. englisch Rapid Manufacturing bezeichnet Methoden und Produktionsverfahren zur schnellen und flexiblen Herstellung von Bauteilen und Serien mittels werkzeugloser Fertigung direkt aus den CAD-Daten. Verwendete Materialien sind Glas, Metall, Keramik, Kunststoffe und neue Materialien (wie UV härtendes Sol-Gel, siehe z. B. Multi Jet Modeling) [...]
Grundlage dafür ist die digitale Erfassung der Mundsituation durch digitalisierte Abdrucknahme, Direkte (z.B. 3D Kameras) und indirekte Methoden (z.B. Scannen von Modellen) dafür sind an sich bekannt. Kommerziell im Einsatz sind Scan-Technologien wie Lava® C.O.S. von 3M Espe, Bluecam® von Sirona, Hint ELS® directScan oder cara® TRIOS von Heraeus Kulzer. Die Verarbeitung der erhaltenen Daten in virtuellen Artikulatoren ermöglicht die Aufstellung virtuell als Datensatz vorhandener Zähne. Resultat sind Datensätze für individuelle Total- oder Teil-Zahnprothesen. Entsprechende Verfahren werden z.B. in EP 1 444 965 A2 beschrieben, ebenso wie die sich anschließenden Herstellung von Zahnprothesen:Further developments in the field of milling technology (CAD / CAM milling) and generative manufacturing techniques rapid prototyping (Rapid Prototyping) and rapid manufacturing (Rapid Manufacturing 2 ) have found their way into dental prosthetics.
2 The term Rapid Manufacturing and Rapid Manufacturing English referred methods and production processes for fast and flexible production of components and series via tool-free production directly from CAD data. Used materials are glass, metal, ceramics, plastics and new materials (such as UV curing sol-gel, see for example Multi Jet Modeling) [...]
The basis for this is the digital recording of the oral situation through digitized impression taking, direct (eg 3D cameras) and indirect methods (eg scanning of models) are known per se. Scanning technologies such as Lava® COS from 3M Espe, Bluecam® from Sirona, Hint ELS® directScan or cara® TRIOS from Heraeus Kulzer are commercially in use. The processing of the obtained data in virtual articulators allows the creation virtually as a record of existing teeth. The result is data records for individual total or partial dentures. Corresponding methods are eg in EP 1 444 965 A2 described, as well as the subsequent production of dental prostheses:

"[0012] Nach Abschluss der Arbeit am virtuellen Modell kann direkt die Übertragung auf die Prothese erfolgen, d.h., nach den Daten der virtuellen Zahnaufstellung wird eine Prothesenbasis mit Positionierhilfen für die Zähne hergestellt, in die dann lediglich die betreffenden ausgewählten vorkonfektionierten Zähne eingesetzt zu werden brauchen.After completion of the work on the virtual model, the transfer can be made directly to the prosthesis, ie, according to the data of the virtual tooth set-up a prosthesis base is made with positioning aids for the teeth, in which then only the selected selected prefabricated teeth to be used need.

[0013] Die Prothesenbasis kann direkt erzeugt werden, oder man kann eine Gussform für sie herstellen. Als Verfahren bieten sich etwa Fräsen oder Rapid-Prototyping an."The prosthesis base can be generated directly, or you can produce a mold for them. For example, milling or rapid prototyping can be used. "

Beispiele für Rapid Manufacturing Techniken sind:

  • Stereolithographie (SLA), Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Selective Laser Sintering (Schichtaufbau durch Sintern von Pulver), Selective Laser Melting (SLM, Schichtaufbau durch vollständiges Umschmelzen und Erstarrenlassen von Pulver), 3D/Inkjet Printing.
Examples of rapid manufacturing techniques are:
  • Stereolithography (SLA), Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Selective Laser Sintering, Selective Laser Melting (SLM, Layer Build-Up by Complete Remelting and Solidification of Powder), 3D / Inkjet Printing.

In US 7153135 B1 sind diese Verfahren im Einzelnen beschrieben, und zusätzlich Techniken wie "Laminated Object Manufacturing" (u.a. das Schichten keramischer Grünfolien) und "Solid Ground Curing" (Lichthärtung ganzer Schichten durch Schablonen hindurch, besonders geeignet für große Gegenstände). "Ink-Jet Printing" ist dort als Oberbegriff definiert, der das klassische am MIT entwickelte 3D Printing (3DP) und weiterentwickelte Verfahren mit 2 Strahlen (einer bringt Thermoplasten aus, der andere stützendes Wachs) umfasst. Neuere Generationen von Jet-Systemen haben viele Druckköpfe, z.B. 96 (Fa. 3D Systems). Damit können bei einem
Da beim Rapid Manufacturing immer die direkte Herstellung des Endprodukts im Mittelpunkt steht, unterscheidet es sich grundlegend von Rapid Prototyping und Rapid Tooling (Schneller Werkzeugbau). Allerdings wird der Begriff "Rapid Prototyping" für gewöhnlich auch gebraucht, wenn eigentlich "Rapid Manufacturing" gemeint ist.
Überlauf ganze Schichten eines Produkts aufgebracht werden. Ist der Querschnitt des Produkts zu groß, macht die Maschine mehrere Überläufe nebeneinander.In US 7153135 B1 These methods are described in detail, and in addition techniques such as "Laminated Object Manufacturing" (including the layering of ceramic green sheets) and "Solid Ground Curing" (light curing of entire layers through stencils, particularly suitable for large objects). "Ink-Jet Printing" is defined there as a generic term, which includes the classic 3D printing (3DP) developed at MIT and further developed two-jet process (one brings out thermoplastics that contain other supporting wax). Newer generations of jet systems have many print heads, eg 96 (3D Systems). This can at a
Since rapid manufacturing always focuses on the direct production of the end product, it is fundamentally different from rapid prototyping and rapid tooling . However, the term "rapid prototyping" is usually also used when actually "rapid manufacturing" is meant.
Overflow entire layers of a product are applied. If the cross-section of the product is too large, the machine makes several overflows side by side.

Die vorstehenden Verfahren werden hinsichtlich der Technik und der eingesetzten Materialien ständig verfeinert, so dass sich die anfangs nicht zufriedenstellenden ästhetischen Eigenschaften verbessern. Insbesondere kann man inzwischen nicht nur einzelne und damit einfarbige Ausgangsmaterialien einsetzen. Dadurch werden z.B. beim Herstellen künstlicher Zähne mehrfarbige Einzelbausteine oder ein ineinander Übergehen der Schichtung möglich, und die natürliche Anmutung des Endprodukts lässt sich imitieren.The above methods are constantly refined with respect to the technique and the materials used, thus improving the initially unsatisfactory aesthetic properties. In particular, one can now use not only single and therefore monochromatic starting materials. Thereby, e.g. When making artificial teeth multicolored individual components or merging of the layering possible, and the natural appearance of the final product can be imitated.

Im Bereich der CAD/CAM-Fräs-Technik, im Folgenden vereinfacht als CAD/CAM bezeichnet, ist es bereits heute möglich, mehrfarbige, geschichtete Kunststoff- (z.B. Vita CAD-temp multicolor) oder auch Keramikmaterialien (z.B. Vitablocs Triluxe) zu verarbeiten, die den fertigen Zahn, bzw. die fertige prothetische Arbeit sehr natürlich erscheinen lassen.In the field of CAD / CAM milling technology, hereinafter referred to simply as CAD / CAM, it is already possible today to process multicolored, layered plastic (eg Vita CAD-temp multicolor) or also ceramic materials (eg Vitablocs Triluxe), which make the finished tooth, or the finished prosthetic work very natural.

Aufgabenstellungtask

Es stellt sich die Aufgabe, Verfahren anzugeben, mit denen die automatisierte Herstellung noch weiter verbessert werden kann. Auch soll die Herstellung ästhetisch anspruchsvoller Zahnprothesen mit farblicher Schichtung oder Farb- oder Transparenzabstufungen ermöglicht werden.The object is to provide methods with which the automated production can be further improved. Also, the production of aesthetically sophisticated dental prostheses with color layering or color or transparency gradations should be possible.

Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention

Die Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale der Ansprüche 1 und 2 gelöst. Bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen sind den weiteren Ansprüchen zu entnehmen.The object is solved by the features of claims 1 and 2. Preferred embodiments can be found in the further claims.

Insbesondere sind folgende Verfahren erfindungsgemäß:

  1. 1. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Totalprothese durch
    • A) Bereitstellen von 3D-Daten der Mundsituation im zahnlosen Zustand,
    • B) Digitale Konstruktion der Prothesenbasis für jeweils Unter- und Oberkiefer,
    • C) Digitale Aufstellung von virtuellen Zähnen mit passender Okklusion und nach ästhetischen Kriterien ausgewählter Zahnform,
    • D1) Herstellung des Zahnbogens mit einer der oben definierten Methoden: SLA, Inkjet-Printing, FDM und CAD/CAM-Fräsen aus jeweils für die Methode geeignetem Material-2A, -2B oder 2C
    • D2) Herstellung der Prothesenbasis mit einer der oben definierten Methoden: SLA, Inkjet-Printing, FDM, SLM und CAD/CAM-Fräsen aus jeweils für die Methode geeignetem Material-1A -1B, -2A, -2B oder -2C.
  2. 2. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Teilprothese durch
    • A) Bereitstellen von 3D-Daten der Mundsituation im teilbezahnten Zustand,
    • B) Digitale Konstruktion der Halte- und Tragekonstruktion (Vollprothese = Prothesenbasis),
    • C) Digitale Aufstellung von virtuellen Zähnen mit passender Okklusion,
    • D1) Herstellung des Zahnbogens mit einer der oben definierten Methoden: SLA, Inkjet-Printing, FDM und CAD/CAM-Fräsen aus jeweils für die Methode geeignetem Material-2A, -2B oder 2C,
    • D2) Herstellung der Stützstrukturen oder Befestigungselemente mit SLM oder CAD/CAM Fräsen aus Material-1A oder -1B, z.B. Metall oder Hochleistungskunststoff.
In particular, the following methods are according to the invention:
  1. 1. A method for producing a full denture by
    • A) providing 3D data of the oral situation in the toothless state,
    • B) Digital construction of the denture base for each lower and upper jaw,
    • C) Digital placement of virtual teeth with appropriate occlusion and aesthetic shape of selected tooth shape,
    • D1) Preparation of the dental arch with one of the methods defined above: SLA, inkjet printing, FDM and CAD / CAM milling from each material-2A, -2B or 2C suitable for the method
    • D2) Preparation of the prosthesis base using one of the methods defined above: SLA, inkjet printing, FDM, SLM and CAD / CAM milling from respectively suitable material-1A-1B, -2A, -2B or -2C.
  2. 2. A method for producing a partial denture by
    • A) Providing 3D data of the oral situation in the partially edentulous state,
    • B) Digital construction of the support and support structure (full denture = denture base),
    • C) Digital placement of virtual teeth with appropriate occlusion,
    • D1) Production of the dental arch using one of the methods defined above: SLA, inkjet printing, FDM and CAD / CAM milling from respectively suitable material-2A, -2B or 2C,
    • D2) Production of support structures or fasteners with SLM or CAD / CAM milling of material 1A or -1B, eg metal or high-performance plastic.

Im Einzelnen sind geeignete Materialien:

  • Material 1A für SLM: Ein Mitglied der Gruppe: Pulverförmige Stoffe (thermoplastische Kunststoffe) oder Metallpulver, besonders Co Cr Ni-Basislegierungen, edelmetallhaltige Legierungen, besonders die auf dem Dentalgebiet üblichen, nichtrostender Stahl, Titan, thermoplastische Hochleistungspolymere wie PEEK, gefüllte Thermoplaste;
  • Material 1B Für CAD/CAM Fräsen: Ein Mitglied der Gruppe: Edelmetalle und deren Legierungen, Keramik, besonders Zirkondioxid-Keramik, Polymere, Titan, niedrigschmelzende Legierungen, thermoplastische Hochleistungspolymere wie z.B. PEEK gefüllte Thermoplaste EM-Legierungen;
  • Material 2A für SLA: Ein Mitglied der Gruppe: Lichtempfindliche Monomermischungen, anorganisch gefüllt oder ungefüllt;
  • Material 2B für Inkjet Printing (3-D-Printing): Ein Mitglied der Gruppe: Epoxid-/Acrlyatmonomere oder lichthärtende Monomermischungen, lichtempfindliche Monomermischungen, anorganisch gefüllt oder ungefüllt:
  • Material 2C für FDM: Ein Mitglied der Gruppe: Thermoplastische Hochleistungspolymere wie Polyetheretherketon (PEEK), gefüllte Thermoplaste.
Specifically, suitable materials are:
  • Material 1A for SLM: A member of the group: Powdered materials (thermoplastics) or metal powders, especially Co Cr Ni base alloys, alloys containing precious metals, especially the usual in the dental field, stainless steel, titanium, high performance thermoplastic polymers such as PEEK, filled thermoplastics;
  • Material 1B For CAD / CAM milling: One member of the group: precious metals and their alloys, ceramics, especially zirconia ceramics, polymers, titanium, low melting alloys, high performance thermoplastic polymers such as PEEK filled thermoplastics EM alloys;
  • Material 2A for SLA: One member of the group: photosensitive monomer mixtures, inorganic filled or unfilled;
  • Material 2B for Inkjet Printing (3-D Printing): One member of the group: epoxy / acrylate monomers or light-curing monomer mixtures, photosensitive monomer mixtures, inorganic filled or unfilled:
  • Material 2C for FDM: One member of the group: Thermoplastic high performance polymers such as polyetheretherketone (PEEK), filled thermoplastics.

Je nach den eingesetzten Materialgruppen (Material-1, Material-2) ist die Herstellung verschiedener Produkte begünstigt.Die Stützstrukturen oder Befestigungselemente von Teilprothesen werden bevorzugt aus Metall oder Hochleistungspolymeren gefertigt. Es ist auch möglich, Teilprothesen vollautomatisiert herzustellen, indem die Stützstrukturen mit zahnfarbenem Material beschichtet werden.Depending on the material groups used (material-1, material-2), the production of various products is favored. The support structures or fastening elements of partial dentures are preferably made of metal or high-performance polymers. It is also possible to produce partial dentures fully automatically by coating the support structures with tooth-colored material.

Das Verfahren eignet sich auch für implantatgestützte Teil- oder Totalprothesen.The procedure is also suitable for implant-supported partial or full dentures.

Eine weitere Anwendung ist der Austausch schadhafter Prothesen. Nach hinterlegten Daten der beschädigten Prothese kann einfach eine individuelle neue hergestellt werden. Selbstverständlich kann das in einem Zentrum erfolgen oder direkt in der Zahntechnikerwerkstatt oder der Zahnarztpraxis - je nachdem, wo die maschinelle Ausstattung vorliegt.Another application is the replacement of defective prostheses. After stored data of the damaged prosthesis can be easily made an individual new. Of course, this can be done in a center or directly in the dental technician workshop or the dental practice - depending on where the machine equipment is available.

Das Verfahren ist natürlich auch für die Herstellung herausnehmbarer Totalprothesen geeignet.The method is of course also suitable for the production of removable full dentures.

Besonders vorteilhafte Verfahren sind die folgenden:Particularly advantageous methods are the following:

Teilprothese, optional implantatgetragen:Partial prosthesis, optionally implant-supported:

Die Tragekonstruktion wird bevorzugt mit SLM gedruckt, das Zahnfleisch dann ebenfalls mit Selective Laser Melting aus geeigneten thermoplastischen Materialien schichtweise aufgebaut.The support structure is preferably printed with SLM, the gums are then also built up in layers with selective laser melting of suitable thermoplastic materials.

Zahnbogen:Arch:

Für die Herstellung von Zahnbögen für Teil- oder Totalprothesen eignen sich besonders Inkjet-Verfahren. Der Aufbau aus mehreren Schichten ermöglicht eine Farb- oder Transparenzabstufung.Particularly suitable for the production of dental arches for partial or full dentures are inkjet methods. The multi-layer construction allows a color or transparency gradation.

Prothesenbasis:Denture base:

Diese lässt sich vorteilhaft mit Selective Laser Melting aufbauen, vorzugsweise aus Polyacrylaten oder Polymethylmethacrylat.This can be advantageously built up with selective laser melting, preferably polyacrylates or polymethylmethacrylate.

Totalprothese:Total prosthesis:

Zahnbogen und Zahnfleisch werden vorteilhaft separat hergestellt.
Für den Zahnbogen eignen sich die Verfahren
SLA, Inkjet, SLM und FDM und CAD/CAM Fräsen;
für das Zahnfleisch SLA, Inkjet und SLM.Dental arch and gums are advantageously produced separately.
For the dental arch, the procedures are suitable
SLA, inkjet, SLM and FDM and CAD / CAM milling;
for the gums SLA, Inkjet and SLM.

Es ist auch möglich, Einzelzähne oder Zahnbögen durch separaten Aufbau eines Innenteils herzustellen, das nachfolgend außenherum mit mindestens einem weiteren Material verkleidet wird. Die äußere Schicht kann dabei einen von der inneren verschiedenen Transparenzwert haben. Das ermöglicht eine natürliche Anmutung und eignet sich besonders für Frontzähne. Die Außenschicht kann auch mechanisch oder gegen Abrasion besonders stabil sein. Dies wiederum eignet sich besonders für Molare mit starker Kaubelastung.It is also possible to produce single teeth or dental arches by separate construction of an inner part, which is subsequently covered externally with at least one other material. The outer layer can have a different transparency value than the inner one. This allows a natural appearance and is particularly suitable for anterior teeth. The outer layer can also be particularly stable mechanically or against abrasion. This in turn is particularly suitable for molars with heavy chewing load.

Technisch kann das dadurch verwirklicht werden, dass das Innere des Zahns mit SLA oder Inkjet aufgebaut wird. Das äußere zweite Material kann z.B. mit FDM aufgebracht werden. Auf diese Weise können auch Antiplaque-Schichten vorgesehen sein.Technically, this can be achieved by constructing the inside of the tooth with SLA or inkjet. The outer second material may e.g. be applied with FDM. Antiplaque layers can also be provided in this way.

Die Vorteile der genannten automatisierten Verfahren sind der Zeitvorteil, die größere Genauigkeit - die Passgenauigkeit des fertigen Zahnersatzes - und Reproduzierbarkeit, etwa beim Ersatz beschädigter Zahnprothesen.The advantages of the mentioned automated methods are the time advantage, the greater accuracy - the accuracy of fit of the finished denture - and reproducibility, such as when replacing damaged dentures.

Handelt es sich um SLM Verfahren, so ist besonders darauf hinzuweisen, dass dabei die Materialien restmonomerfrei sind, denn es findet nur eine Umformung durch Schmelzen statt. Auch im Fall von Acrylaten werden prinzipiell nur MMA freie höhermolekulare Acrylate eingesetzt. Diese Materialien haben auch Vorteile, was die Arbeitssicherheit in Industriehallen betrifft.In the case of SLM processes, it should be pointed out that the materials are free from residual monomers because only one transformation by melting takes place. In the case of acrylates, in principle, only MMA-free higher molecular weight acrylates are used. These materials also have advantages in terms of occupational safety in industrial halls.

Die Schritte D1) und D2) können auf zwei verschiedenen Maschinen erfolgen, jeweils für rot (Zahnfleisch) und weiß (Zähne).The steps D1) and D2) can be done on two different machines, respectively for red (gums) and white (teeth).

Eine Wachseinprobe entfällt naturgemäß. Dadurch wird das Verfahren kostengünstiger. Insgesamt ist die Herstellung (von Scan bis zur Einprobe) im Vergleich zu handwerklicher Herstellung schneller.Naturally, a wax try-in does not apply. This makes the process cheaper. Overall, the production (from scan to try-in) is faster compared to manual production.

Abbildungenpictures

Das Fließbild der Fig. 1 verdeutlicht die Möglichkeiten für verschiedene Ausführungsformen des erfindungsgemäßen Herstellverfahrens und die im Text erläuterten Materialgruppen.The flow chart of the Fig. 1 illustrates the possibilities for various embodiments of the manufacturing method according to the invention and the material groups explained in the text.

Die in Fig. 2 dargestellten Schritte einer Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sind im Einzelnen:

  • Abformung durch den Zahnarzt über Intraoralscanner
  • Erzeugung digitaler Modelldaten
  • Optional: Weitergabe des digitalen Modells an das Labor
  • digitale Zahnaufstellung
  • Optional: Digitales Separieren des 3D Datensatzes in rot (Zahnfleisch), weiß (Zahn[bogen]) oder/und grau (mit grau wird das Innere einer verblendeten Brückenkonstruktion oder der frühere Modellguss bei einer gegebenenfalls implantatgetragenen Teilprothese bezeichnet)
  • Fertigen der einzelnen Elemente, ggf. mit Verbindungselementen
  • wobei das Innere der Zähne oder des Zahnbogens mit einem automatisierten Verfahren hergestellt wird und darauf als Außenschicht mindestens ein zweites Material mit einem automatisierten Verfahren aufgebracht wird (vorzugsweise wird das Innere der Zähne (Kern) mittels Fräsen oder SLA oder Inkjet-Printing hergestellt und darauf mindestens ein zweites Material mit FDM aufgebracht),
  • Verbinden der einzelnen Elemente, bevorzugt adhäsiv
  • optional: Nachbearbeitung wie z.B. Einschleifen und Polieren
  • Auslieferung an den Kunden.
In the Fig. 2 shown steps of an embodiment of the method according to the invention are in detail:
  • Impression by the dentist via intraoral scanner
  • Generation of digital model data
  • Optional: Transfer of the digital model to the laboratory
  • digital teeth preparation
  • Optional: Digital separation of the 3D dataset in red (gum), white (tooth [bow]) or / and gray (gray indicates the interior of a veneered bridge construction or the former model casting in the case of an implant-borne partial denture)
  • Finishing the individual elements, if necessary with connecting elements
  • wherein the interior of the teeth or the dental arch is produced by an automated process and as an outer layer at least a second material is applied by an automated process (preferably, the interior of the teeth (core) is produced by milling and SLA or inkjet printing and at least a second material applied with FDM),
  • Connecting the individual elements, preferably adhesive
  • optional: post-processing such as grinding and polishing
  • Delivery to the customer.

Claims (11)

Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Totalprothese durch A) Bereitstellen von 3D-Daten der Mundsituation im zahnlosen Zustand, B) Digitale Konstruktion der Prothesenbasis für jeweils Unter- und Oberkiefer, C) Digitale Aufstellung von virtuellen Zähnen mit passender Okklusion und nach ästhetischen Kriterien ausgewählter Zahnform, D1) Herstellung des Zahnbogens mit einem automatisierten Verfahren aus den Gruppen der schichtaufbauenden und der materialabtragenden Verfahren, D2) Herstellung der Prothesenbasis mit einem automatisierten Verfahren aus den Gruppen der schichtaufbauenden und der materialabtragenden Verfahren. Process for the preparation of a full denture by A) providing 3D data of the oral situation in the toothless state, B) Digital construction of the denture base for each lower and upper jaw, C) Digital placement of virtual teeth with appropriate occlusion and aesthetic shape of selected tooth shape, D1) production of the dental arch with an automated process from the groups of the layer-building and material-removing processes, D2) Production of the prosthesis base with an automated method from the groups of the layer-building and material-removing methods. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Teilprothese durch A) Bereitstellen von 3D-Daten der Mundsituation im teilbezahnten Zustand B) Digitale Konstruktion der Prothesenbasis C) Digitale Aufstellung von virtuellen Zähnen mit passender Okklusion D1) Herstellung des Zahnbogens mit einem automatisierten Verfahren aus den Gruppen der schichtaufbauenden und der materialabtragenden Verfahren, D2) Herstellung der Stützstrukturen oder Befestigungselemente mit einem automatisierten Verfahren aus den Gruppen der schichtaufbauenden und der materialabtragenden Verfahren. Process for producing a partial denture by A) Providing 3D data of the oral situation in teilbezahnten state B) Digital construction of prosthesis base C) Digital placement of virtual teeth with appropriate occlusion D1) production of the dental arch with an automated process from the groups of the layer-building and material-removing processes, D2) Production of the support structures or fasteners with an automated process from the groups of the layer-building and material-removing processes. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, mit D1) Herstellung des Zahnbogens mit einer der Methoden SLA, Inkjet-Printing, FDM und CAD/CAM-Fräsen aus jeweils für die Methode geeignetem Material-2 D2) Herstellung der Prothesenbasis mit einer der Methoden SLA, Inkjet-Printing, FDM, SLM und CAD/CAM-Fräsen aus jeweils für die Methode geeignetem Material-1 oder Material-2. The method of claim 1, comprising D1) Production of the dental arch with one of the methods SLA, inkjet printing, FDM and CAD / CAM milling from each material-2 suitable for the method D2) Production of the prosthesis base using one of the methods SLA, inkjet printing, FDM, SLM and CAD / CAM milling from respectively suitable material-1 or material-2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, mit D1) Herstellung des Zahnbogens mit einer der Methoden: SLA, Inkjet-Printing, FDM und CAD/CAM-Fräsen aus jeweils für die Methode geeignetem Material 1 oder Material-2, D2) Herstellung der Stützstrukturen oder Befestigungselemente mit einer der Methoden: SLM oder CAD/CAM Fräsen aus jeweils für die Methode geeignetem Material-1. The method of claim 2, with D1) Preparation of the dental arch using one of the methods: SLA, inkjet printing, FDM and CAD / CAM milling from material 1 or material 2 suitable for the method in each case, D2) Production of the supporting structures or fastening elements using one of the methods: SLM or CAD / CAM milling from material 1 suitable for each method. Verfahren nach mindestens einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Innere der Zähne oder des Zahnbogens mit einem automatisierten Verfahren hergestellt wird und darauf als Außenschicht mindestens ein zweites Material mit einem automatisierten Verfahren aufgebracht wird.Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein the interior of the teeth or the dental arch is produced by an automated method and applied thereon as an outer layer at least a second material by an automated method. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, wobei der Kern mittels Fräsen oder SLA oder Inkjet-Printing hergestellt wird.The method of claim 5 wherein the core is made by milling or SLA or inkjet printing. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, wobei die Außenschicht mittels FDM aufgebracht wird.The method of claim 5, wherein the outer layer is applied by means of FDM. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, wobei das Innere der Zähne oder des Zahnbogens mit SLA oder Inkjet aufgebaut wird und darauf als Außenschicht mindestens ein zweites Material mit FDM aufgebracht wird.The method of claim 5, wherein the interior of the teeth or the dental arch is built up with SLA or inkjet and applied thereon as outer layer, at least a second material with FDM. Verfahren nach mindestens einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Fügung von Zahnbogen und Prothesenbasis über mechanische Elemente wie z.B. Führungsschienen, Nuten und geeignete Retentionselemente oder Kleben oder formschlüssiger Verbund erfolgt.Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein the joining of dental arch and denture base via mechanical elements such. Guide rails, grooves and suitable retention elements or gluing or form-fitting bond takes place. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 3, wobei die Schritte D1 und D2 mit Inkjet Printing Verfahren erfolgen.The method of claim 1 or 3, wherein the steps D1 and D2 are carried out with inkjet printing method. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2 oder 4, wobei Schritt D1 mit Inkjet-Printing und Schritt D2 mit CAD/CAM Fräsen erfolgt.Method according to claim 2 or 4, wherein step D1 takes place with inkjet printing and step D2 with CAD / CAM milling.
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AU2013206255B2 (en) 2015-09-10
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