EP1299048A1 - Biodegradable vehicles and delivery systems of biologically active substances - Google Patents
Biodegradable vehicles and delivery systems of biologically active substancesInfo
- Publication number
- EP1299048A1 EP1299048A1 EP01918249A EP01918249A EP1299048A1 EP 1299048 A1 EP1299048 A1 EP 1299048A1 EP 01918249 A EP01918249 A EP 01918249A EP 01918249 A EP01918249 A EP 01918249A EP 1299048 A1 EP1299048 A1 EP 1299048A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- agents
- biodegradable
- peg
- glyceryl
- poly
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 218
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 128
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 229920002988 biodegradable polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000004621 biodegradable polymer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229940088623 biologically active substance Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 130
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 claims description 128
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 108
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 72
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- -1 polyphosphoesters Polymers 0.000 claims description 46
- DOOTYTYQINUNNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethyl citrate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(O)(C(=O)OCC)CC(=O)OCC DOOTYTYQINUNNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000001069 triethyl citrate Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- VMYFZRTXGLUXMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl citrate Natural products CCOC(=O)C(O)(C(=O)OCC)C(=O)OCC VMYFZRTXGLUXMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 235000013769 triethyl citrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 38
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 claims description 28
- NIQCNGHVCWTJSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl phthalate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OC NIQCNGHVCWTJSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- ZFOZVQLOBQUTQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tributyl citrate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CC(O)(C(=O)OCCCC)CC(=O)OCCCC ZFOZVQLOBQUTQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- FLKPEMZONWLCSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl phthalate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC FLKPEMZONWLCSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 claims description 24
- URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N triacetin Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC(OC(C)=O)COC(C)=O URAYPUMNDPQOKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-M decanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920001610 polycaprolactone Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- WEAPVABOECTMGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl 2-acetyloxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(C(=O)OCC)(OC(C)=O)CC(=O)OCC WEAPVABOECTMGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 16
- 102000053602 DNA Human genes 0.000 claims description 15
- 108020004414 DNA Proteins 0.000 claims description 15
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920002477 rna polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920000954 Polyglycolide Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- KGYXYKHTHJPEBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-ethoxy-3-ethoxycarbonyl-3-hydroxy-5-oxopentanoic acid Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(O)(CC(O)=O)C(=O)OCC KGYXYKHTHJPEBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-M 9-cis,12-cis-Octadecadienoate Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- QZCLKYGREBVARF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetyl tributyl citrate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CC(C(=O)OCCCC)(OC(C)=O)CC(=O)OCCCC QZCLKYGREBVARF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- SESFRYSPDFLNCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl benzoate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 SESFRYSPDFLNCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- XXJWXESWEXIICW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol monoethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCCOCCO XXJWXESWEXIICW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- FBSAITBEAPNWJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl phthalate Natural products CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1OC(C)=O FBSAITBEAPNWJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229960001826 dimethylphthalate Drugs 0.000 claims description 12
- 229940080812 glyceryl caprate Drugs 0.000 claims description 12
- 229940087068 glyceryl caprylate Drugs 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001087 glyceryl triacetate Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000013773 glyceryl triacetate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- IIRDTKBZINWQAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexaethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCO IIRDTKBZINWQAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229940049918 linoleate Drugs 0.000 claims description 12
- GHBFNMLVSPCDGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N rac-1-monooctanoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO GHBFNMLVSPCDGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229960002622 triacetin Drugs 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- FETSQPAGYOVAQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyceryl palmitostearate Chemical compound OCC(O)CO.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O FETSQPAGYOVAQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229940046813 glyceryl palmitostearate Drugs 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002246 antineoplastic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 claims description 10
- 210000003169 central nervous system Anatomy 0.000 claims description 10
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 10
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920002732 Polyanhydride Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002260 anti-inflammatory agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229940121363 anti-inflammatory agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000331 Polyhydroxybutyrate Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001710 Polyorthoester Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008468 bone growth Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005015 poly(hydroxybutyrate) Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000218 poly(hydroxyvalerate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002463 poly(p-dioxanone) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000622 polydioxanone Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 8
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical class [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 8
- 229960005486 vaccine Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019489 Almond oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019486 Sunflower oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008168 almond oil Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000164 antipsychotic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002385 cottonseed oil Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000003976 glyceryl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(O[H])([H])C(O[H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000771 poly (alkylcyanoacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001308 poly(aminoacid) Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001279 poly(ester amides) Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002627 poly(phosphazenes) Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004633 polyglycolic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 claims description 7
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008159 sesame oil Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000011803 sesame oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003431 steroids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002600 sunflower oil Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- DRAWQKGUORNASA-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-hydroxy-3-octadec-9-enoyloxypropyl) octadec-9-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC DRAWQKGUORNASA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCC LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LAVARTIQQDZFNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(1-methoxypropan-2-yloxy)propan-2-yl acetate Chemical compound COCC(C)OCC(C)OC(C)=O LAVARTIQQDZFNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OKMWKBLSFKFYGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-behenoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO OKMWKBLSFKFYGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound COCC(C)O ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-monostearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-KTKRTIGZSA-N 1-oleoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- GQCZPFJGIXHZMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-tert-Butoxy-2-propanol Chemical compound CC(O)COC(C)(C)C GQCZPFJGIXHZMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FLPJVCMIKUWSDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-formylphenoxy)acetamide Chemical compound NC(=O)COC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 FLPJVCMIKUWSDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CTPDSKVQLSDPLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(oxolan-2-ylmethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound OCCOCC1CCCO1 CTPDSKVQLSDPLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethanol Chemical compound CCOCCO ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- GHHURQMJLARIDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxypropyl octanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(C)O GHHURQMJLARIDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QCAHUFWKIQLBNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3-methoxypropoxy)propan-1-ol Chemical compound COCCCOCCCO QCAHUFWKIQLBNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- HIQIXEFWDLTDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxy-1-piperidin-4-ylpyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CC(O)CN1C1CCNCC1 HIQIXEFWDLTDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Di-n-octyl phthalate Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCCC MQIUGAXCHLFZKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PYGXAGIECVVIOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dibutyl decanedioate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCC PYGXAGIECVVIOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LVGKNOAMLMIIKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Elaidinsaeure-aethylester Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC LVGKNOAMLMIIKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004037 angiogenesis inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000730 antalgic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000427 antigen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 102000036639 antigens Human genes 0.000 claims description 6
- 108091007433 antigens Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003443 antiviral agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229960002903 benzyl benzoate Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940074979 cetyl palmitate Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001860 citric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940075557 diethylene glycol monoethyl ether Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- LLRANSBEYQZKFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid;propane-1,2-diol Chemical compound CC(O)CO.CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O LLRANSBEYQZKFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- LVGKNOAMLMIIKO-QXMHVHEDSA-N ethyl oleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC LVGKNOAMLMIIKO-QXMHVHEDSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940093471 ethyl oleate Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000003193 general anesthetic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-HXUWFJFHSA-N glycerol monolinoleate Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-HXUWFJFHSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- PXDJXZJSCPSGGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid hexadecyl ester Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC PXDJXZJSCPSGGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XUGNVMKQXJXZCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropyl palmitate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(C)C XUGNVMKQXJXZCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- GWVUTNGDMGTPFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihexyl 2-butanoyloxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate Chemical compound CCCCCCOC(=O)CC(C(=O)OCCCCCC)(OC(=O)CCC)CC(=O)OCCCCCC GWVUTNGDMGTPFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
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- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 6
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- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2300/00—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices
- A61L2300/60—Biologically active materials used in bandages, wound dressings, absorbent pads or medical devices characterised by a special physical form
- A61L2300/602—Type of release, e.g. controlled, sustained, slow
Definitions
- Biodegradable vehicles and delivery systems which can be mixed with one or more physiologically, pharmacologically and biologically active substance(s) (BAS), are provided.
- the biodegradable vehicle (without any BAS-loading) can be used as a biodegradable filler or spacer to fill in cavities or body tissues in animals, birds and humans.
- the biodegradable vehicle can be mixed with one or more BAS.
- the delivery systems loaded with BAS can be used to control the release of the BAS from the delivery system for a prolonged period of time.
- the consistency and rheology, hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity, and in vivo degradation rates of the biodegradable vehicles and BAS loaded delivery systems are controlled by modulating the types of polymers or copolymers, molecular weight of polymers and copolymers, copolymer ratios, and ratios of blends of polymers or copolymers with different molecular weights or different hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity, types of plasticizers, concentration of plasticizers, ratios of two or more plasticizers used in combination.
- the release characteristics of the BAS from the biodegradable delivery system are also controlled by the above-mentioned factors.
- the present invention also provides methods for preparing these biodegradable vehicles and delivery systems.
- biodegradable polymers refer to those polymers, which are slowly converted to nontoxic degradation products in the body. Examples include homopolymers and copolymers of polylactic acid or polylactide (PLA), polyglycolic acid or polyglycolide, polycaprolactone (PCL), polyanhydrides, polyphosphoesters, polyorthoesters, polyaminoacids, pseudopolyaminoacids, polyhydroxybutyrates, polyhydroxyvalerates, polyphosphazenes, polyalkylcyanoacrylates, polydioxanone, poly( ⁇ -decaloactone), poly(glycolide-co-trimethylene carbonate), polyethylene carbonate), poly(iminocarbonate), poly(l,3-propylene malonate), poly(ethylene-l,4-phenylene-bis-oxyacetate), poly(ester- amides).
- PLA polylactic acid or polylactide
- PCL polycaprolactone
- PCL polyanhydrides
- biodegradable polymers in biodegradable delivery systems of BAS are: ready availability of polymers, polymers used are nontoxic, biocompatibile and biodegradable, facile predictability of biodegradation rates of the polymers, ease of modification of the degradation characteristics of the polymers, regulatory approval of some of the commonly used biodegradable polymers, ease of fabrication of the polymers into various types of devices and the possibility of controlling the release of BAS by polymers over the desired length of time.
- BAS release characteristics from a polymeric delivery system depends on the physicochemical characteristics of the BAS molecule, polymer and other excipients, and the dosage form.
- the important factors governing BAS release characteristics from the delivery- systems prepared with biodegradable polymers are polymer molecular weight, copolymer ratio, polymer hydrophilicity or lipophilicity, percentage of various polymers in a blend consisting of polymers with varying molecular weights or copolymer ratios, hydrophilicity or hydrophilicity of the platicizer, percentage of various hydrophilic and hydrophilic plasticizers in a blend of varying types of plasticizers, degree of plasticization, particle size and percentage of BAS-loading, hydrophilicity or lipophilicity of the incorporated BAS, solubility of the BAS in both the delivery system and in the biological fluids, physical form of the formulation (i.e.
- BAS delivery systems have been prepared from biodegradable polymers. These include microparticles such as microspheres and microcapsules (Schindler A, Jeffcoat R, Kimmel GL, Pitt CG, Wall ME and Zwelinger R., in: Contemporary Topics in Polymer Science, Pearce EM and Schaefgen JR, eds., Vol. 2, Plenum Publishing Corporation, New York, pp. 251-289, 1977; Mason NS, Gupta DNS, Keller, DW, Youngquist RS, and Sparks RF. Biomedical applications of microencapsulation, (Lim F, ed.), CRC Press Inc., Florida, pp.
- Sustained drug delivery systems II Factors affecting release rates from poly- ⁇ -caprolactone and related biodegradable polyesters., J. Pharm. Sci., 68(12):1534-1538, 1979), discs (Cowsar DR, Dunn RL., Biodegradable and non-biodegradable fibrous delivery systems, in: Long acting Contraceptive Delivery Systems, Zatuchni GI, Goldsmith A, Shelton JD and Sciarra JJ, eds., Ha ⁇ er & Row, Publishers, Philadelphia, pp.145-148, 1984), wafers (Brem et al., J. Neurosurgery, 74:441-446, 1991) and solutions (Dunn et al, U.S.
- all the drug delivery systems described in the aforementioned section contains at least one BAS, which is inco ⁇ orated into the drug delivery system during the manufacturing of the dosage form. It is often difficult (if not impossible) to individualize BAS dosing (or change the BAS-loading) in these drug delivery systems. Also, there exists a possibility where a certain percentage of BAS often degrades because of its exposure to the solvents, chemicals or other harsh manufacturing conditions during the preparation of the drug delivery system or during storage of the finished product.
- the present invention relates to compositions and methods of preparing biodegradable vehicles and delivery systems.
- the present invention also provides compositions of biodegradable vehicles and BAS-loaded delivery systems, and the process of blending one or more BAS with the biodegradable vehicles.
- the biodegradable vehicles can be used as biodegradable fillers or spacers (e.g., an artificial tissue) to fill in cavities or body tissues in animals, birds and humans.
- One or more biologically active substances (BAS) can be loaded into the biodegradable vehicle to prepare the biodegradable delivery system, which can be used to control the release of the BAS over a desired period of time.
- BAS biologically active substances
- the present invention provides a biodegradable vehicle comprising at least one biodegradable polymer having at least one plasticizer.
- the plasticizer is capable of modulating the consistency, the hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity and degradation characteristics of the biodegradable vehicle.
- the biodegradable vehicle preferably has at least one biologically active substance mixed therewith.
- the biodegradable polymer or blends thereof is/are capable of modulating the degradation kinetics of the biodegradable vehicle and in certain instances, the consistency, the hydrophobicity and the
- the plasticizer or blends thereof are also capable of modulating the degradation kinetics, the consistiency, the hydrophilicity and the hydrophobicity of the biodegradable vehicle as well.
- the present invention provides a biodegradable delivery system comprising: (a) at least one biodegradable polymer, the polymer selected from polyesters, polyorthoesters, polylactides, polyglycolides, polycaprolactones, polyhydroxybutyrates, polyhydroxyvalerates, polyamides and polyanhydrides; and (b) at least two plasticizers, one of the plasticizers being hydrophilic and the other of the plasticizers being hydrophobic; and (c) at least one biologically active substance.
- the method of manufacturing the biodegradable vehicles described in the present invention involves dissolving one or more biodegradable polymers and one or more plasticizers in a volatile solvent or mixture of volatile solvents.
- the volatile solvent or mixture of volatile solvents is/are then removed using vacuum or evaporated at an elevated temperature, or removed using both vacuum and elevated temperature.
- the resulting biodegradable vehicles can be free flowing or viscous liquids, gels or pastes. This method is particularly suited when polymers of high molecular weights are used to prepare the vehicles or BAS delivery system, or when a high consistency of the biodegradable vehicle or BAS delivery system, is desired.
- one or more biodegradable polymers can be directly dissolved in one or more plasticizers by stirring the mixture with or without the use of heat. This method is particularly suited when polymers of low molecular weights are used to prepare the biodegradable vehicles or BAS delivery system, or when a low consistency or BAS delivery system is desired.
- the BAS can be loaded into the biodegradable vehicle in any physical form (i.e. solid, liquid, gel or paste, where the BAS is dissolved or suspended in the plasticizer or mixtures of plasticizers, volatile solvents or mixture of volatile solvents or mixtures of volatile solvents and plasticizers) at any step during the manufacturing process of biodegradable delivery systems before the volatile solvent is completely removed.
- the BAS-loaded delivery system can also be manufactured by loading the BAS soon after the biodegradable vehicle is prepared, or blending the BAS to the biodegradable vehicle just prior to the use of the BAS-loaded biodegradable delivery system.
- Mixing of the BAS with the biodegradable vehicle can be accomplished by simply stirring the mixture with a stirring device, or by triturating the mixture or employing an ointment mill or a suitable device or apparatus or equipment that can be used for blending/mixing.
- a stirring device or by triturating the mixture or employing an ointment mill or a suitable device or apparatus or equipment that can be used for blending/mixing.
- the BAS is blended with the biodegradable vehicle just prior to use, it could be stored in a separate container in a solid state, liquid state (where the BAS is dissolved or suspended in the plasticizer or blends of plasticizers), or gel or paste (where the BAS is dissolved or suspended in the plasticizer or blends of plasticizers).
- a device which resembles two syringes or syringe-like devices (e.g.
- pumps in which materials can be mixed by depressing a trigger-like device) attached together with a removable partition or a valve assembly can also be used to uniformly mix the BAS with the biodegradable vehicle.
- the BAS is loaded in one syringe or compartment and the biodegradable vehicle is loaded in the other compartment.
- a removable partition or a valve which will allow the contents of the two compartments to be mixed uniformly, separates the two compartments.
- the mixing process is performed in order to dissolve or uniformly suspend the BAS particles in the biodegradable vehicle.
- the resulting BAS-loaded biodegradable delivery systems can be free flowing or viscous liquids, gels or pastes
- the BAS and the biodegradable vehicle can be packaged in two separate containers as a kit. The vehicle and the BAS can then be blended together by the aforementioned methods.
- the biodegradable vehicles or BAS-loaded biodegradable delivery systems could be sterilized in the final package by an appropriate technique such as irradiation sterilization technique.
- the biodegradable vehicles or BAS-loaded biodegradable delivery systems can be prepared from pre-sterilized components in an aseptic environment. Sterilization of the solvents and plasticizers used in the manufacturing process could be accomplished by an appropriate sterilization technique such as filtration, autoclaving or irradiation.
- the polymer and the BAS used to prepare the biodegradable vehicles and the BAS-loaded biodegradable delivery systems could also be sterilized by an appropriate sterilizing technique.
- biodegradable vehicles described in the present invention include the ease of manufacturing, injection, implantation, and application, ease of control over the consistency or rheology and hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity of the biodegradable vehicle, flexibility of tailoring in vivo degradation kinetics of the vehicles, tailoring the dose of the BAS in the biodegradable delivery systems by blending the requisite amount of BAS with the biodegradable vehicle, and enhancing stability of the BAS, especially when it is blended with the biodegradable vehicle just prior to its use.
- a major reason for the enhanced stability of the BAS is that the BAS is not subjected to exposure to solvents, chemicals or the harsh processing conditions especially during the manufacture of the biodegradable vehicle.
- the BAS is stored in an appropriate separate container, it does not come in contact with the biodegradable vehicle until it is blended with the vehicle.
- biodegradable delivery systems of the present invention include ease of manufacturing, injection, implantation, and application, ease of control over the consistency or rheology and hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity of the biodegradable delivery systems, ease of inco ⁇ oration of BAS into the delivery systems, facile tailoring of the release of BAS from the biodegradable delivery systems, and control of in vivo biodegradation rates of biodegradable delivery systems.
- the biodegradable vehicles without blending any BAS may be used as a tissue or cavity fillers or spacers in the body, whereas the biodegradable vehicles loaded with BAS may be used for the treatment of a variety of diseases and pathological conditions.
- the final composition with or without the BAS may be injected, implanted, smeared or applied directly in animals, birds and humans.
- the present invention provides a kit comprising a) a biodegradable vehicle; and b) a BAS.
- the BAS is blended with the biodegradable vehicle just prior to use.
- the BAS is stored in a separate container in a solid state, liquid state (where the BAS is dissolved or suspended in the plasticizer or blends of plasticizers), or gel or paste (where the BAS is dissolved or suspended in the plasticizer or blends of plasticizers).
- a device which resembles two syringes or syringe-like devices (e.g. pumps in which materials can be mixed by depressing a trigger-like device) attached together with a removable partition or a valve assembly can also be used to uniformly mix the BAS with the biodegradable vehicle.
- Figure 1 shows a method of preparing a biodegradable vehicle and delivery systems without the use of volatile solvents.
- Figure 2 shows a method of preparing a biodegradable vehicle and delivery systems.
- Figure 3 shows an alternate method of preparing biodegradable delivery systems.
- Figure 4 describes the effect of varying polymer to plasticizer ratios on cumulative amount of levonorgestrel released from biodegradable delivery systems.
- Figure 5 describes the effect of varying polymer inherent viscosity on cumulative amount of levonorgestrel released from biodegradable delivery systems.
- Figure 6 describes the effect of varying copolymer ratios on cumulative amount of levonorgestrel released from biodegradable delivery systems.
- Figure 7 describes the effect of varying drug loadings on oxytetracycline base released from biodegradable delivery systems.
- Figure 8 describes the effect of varying plasticizer compositions on oxytetracycline base released from biodegradable delivery systems.
- Figure 9 describes the effect of varying plasticizer to polymer ratios on oxytetracycline base released from biodegradable delivery systems.
- Figure 10 describes the effect of varying hydrophilicity of plasticizers on oxytetracycline base released from biodegradable delivery systems.
- Figure 11 describes the effect of varying polymer to plasticizer ratios and plasticizer compositions on oxytetracycline base released from biodegradable delivery systems.
- Figure 12 describes the effect of varying polymer molecular weights on oxytetracycline base released from biodegradable delivery systems.
- Figure 13 describes the effect of varying drug solubility on naltrexone released from biodegradable delivery systems.
- Figure 14 describes the effect of varying solubility of drug on oxytetracycline released from biodegradable delivery systems.
- Figure 15 describes the effect of varying polymer molecular weights on oxytetracycline base released from biodegradable delivery systems.
- Figure 16 describes the effect of varying polymer molecular weights on in vivo release of oxytetracycline base from biodegradable delivery systems.
- the present invention relates to compositions of biodegradable vehicles and BAS-loaded delivery systems comprising at least one polymer and at least one plasticizer.
- the delivery system of the present invention may also comprise r of at least one biologically active substance (BAS). It also relates to the method of preparing biodegradable vehicles and delivery systems loaded with BAS.
- BAS biologically active substance
- polymer includes oligomer, homopolymer, copolymer and te ⁇ olymer.
- Biodegradable polymers are used in this invention because they form matrices that can control the release of BAS over a desired length of time, can degrade in vivo into non-toxic degradation products, and are available in varying physicochemical properties including varying hydiOphilicity and hydrophobicity, varying molecular weights, varying crystallinity and amo ⁇ hous states, and varying copolymer ratios.
- plasticizers are used in varying ratios to convert a polymer in a solid state to a biodegradable vehicle or delivery system of varying consistency such as a free flowing or a viscous liquid, a gel or a paste.
- Plasticizers are chemicals added to polymers to improve their flow, and therefore their processibility (Billmeyer, F., Jr. Textbook of Polymer Science, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1984, p. 472). This is achieved by lowering their glass transition temperature (a temperature at which a glassy polymer becomes rubbery on heating and a rubbery polymer reverts to a glassy one on cooling), thus achieving a change in properties.
- a plasticizer can only plasticize a polymer when the molecules of the plasticizer can interact with the molecules of the polymer. Hence, the plasticizers act like lubricants between the polymer chains, facilitating slippage of chain past chain under stress and extending the temperature range for segmental rotation to lower temperatures (Martin, A., Physical Pharmacy, Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, 1993, p. 588).
- the degree or extent of plasticization of a polymer will depend on the type and amount of plasticizer blended with the polymer. For example, higher the concentration of the plasticizer, greater the extent of plasticization or flexibility of the polymer.
- plasticizers are available with varying physicochemical properties, including varying hydrophilicity and lipophilicity, it is possible to blend an appropriate plasticizer at a desired concentration with a selected compatible polymer such that the resulting biodegradable vehicle or BAS-loaded biodegradable delivery system has the tailored physicochemical characteristics, including varying hydrophilicity and lipophilicity, and consistency.
- the present invention also includes formulations wherein two or more plasticizers are used in a combination or blend of varying ratios.
- the present invention also includes formulations wherein two or more polymers or
- copolymers with varying copolymer ratios or molecular weights are used in a combination or blend of varying ratios.
- Methods of preparing the biodegradable vehicles and delivery systems of the present invention involve dissolving at least one biodegradable polymer in a volatile solvent or a mixture of solvents. At least one plasticizer is added to the resulting polymer solution. The volatile solvent is evaporated using vacuum or removed at an elevated temperature, or evaporated using a combination of both vacuum and elevated temperature.
- the resulting biodegradable vehicles and delivery systems could be in the form of either free-flowing or viscous liquids, gels or pastes. This method is particularly suited when polymers of high molecular weights are used to prepare the vehicles or BAS delivery system, or when a high consistency of the biodegradable vehicle or BAS delivery system, is desired.
- one or more biodegradable polymers can be directly dissolved in one or more plasticizers by stirring the mixture with or without the use of heat. This method is particularly suited when polymers of low molecular weights are used to prepare the biodegradable vehicles or BAS delivery system, or when a low consistency or BAS delivery system is desired.
- Polymers suitable for preparing the biodegradable delivery systems of the present invention include, but are not limited to, homopolymers and/or copolymers of polyesters, polyorthoesters, polyphosphoesters, polyanhydrides, polyaminoacids, pseudopolyamino acids, polyamides, polyalkylcyanoacrylates, polyphosphazenes, polydioxanone, poly( ⁇ -decaloactone), poly(glycolide-co-trimethylene carbonate), poly(ethylene carbonate), poly(iminocarbonate), poly(l,3-propylene malonate), poly(ethylene-l,4-phenylene-bis-oxyacetate), and poly(ester-amides).
- polymers include polylactic acid or polylactide (PLA) and its copolymers, polyglycolic acid or polyglycolide and its copolymers, polycaprolactone (PCL) and its copolymers, polyhydroxybutyrates and their copolymers, and polyhydroxyvalerates and polydioxanone and their copolymers.
- PLA polylactic acid or polylactide
- PCL polycaprolactone
- a mixture of polymers with different molecular weights or different types, or copolymer ratios may be used to tailor physicochemical properties, the degradation characteristics of the biodegradable vehicles and the delivery systems or the release characteristics of BAS from the biodegradable delivery systems, or both.
- Solvents used to dissolve the polymer for the preparation of biodegradable delivery system of the present invention include, but are not limited to, ketones, ethers, alcohols, amides, and chlorinated solvents.
- Preferred solvents are acetone, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, methylethylketone, chloroform, methylene chloride, isopropanol, ethyl alcohol, ethyl ether, methylethyl ether, hexafluroisopropanol, tertral ydrofuran, and hexafluroacetone sesquihydrate.
- a mixture of volatile solvents may also be used to create a suitable mixture, which can dissolve both the polymer and the plasticizer.
- Plasticizers used for the preparation of biodegradable delivery system of the present invention include, but are not limited to, citrates such as diethyl citrate (DEC), triethyl citrate (TEC), acetyl triethyl citrate (ATEC), tributyl citrate (TBC), acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC), butyryltri-n-hexyl-citrate, acetyltri-n-hexyl citrate, phthalates such as dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), dioctyl phthalate, glycol ethers such as ethylene glycol diethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (Transcutol ® ), propylene glycol monotertiary butyl ether, dipropylene glycol
- Labrafils ® and Labrasol ® such as PEG-6 glycerol mono oleate, PEG-6 glycerol linoleate, PEG-8 glycerol linoleate, PEG-4 glyceryl caprylate/caprate, PEG-8 glyceryl caprylate/caprate, polyglyceryl-3 -oleate, polyglyceryl-6-dioleate, polyglyceryl-3-isostearate, PEG-32 glyceryl laurate (Gelucire 44/1 ® ), PEG-32 glyceryl palmitostearate (Gelucire 50/13 ® ), PEG-32 glyceryl stearate (Gelucire 53/10 ® ), glyceryl behenate, cetyl palmitate, glyceryl di and tri stearate, glyceryl palmitostearate, and glyceryl triacetate (Triacetin ®
- the BAS can be loaded in any physical form (i.e. solid, liquid, gel or paste, where the BAS is dissolved or suspended in the plasticizer or mixtures of plasticizers, volatile solvents or mixture of volatile solvents or mixtures of volatile solvents and plasticizers) at any step during the manufacturing process of biodegradable delivery systems before the volatile solvent is completely removed. It can also be manufactured by loading the BAS soon after the biodegradable vehicle is prepared, or blending the BAS to the biodegradable vehicle just prior to the use of the BAS-loaded biodegradable delivery system.
- any physical form i.e. solid, liquid, gel or paste, where the BAS is dissolved or suspended in the plasticizer or mixtures of plasticizers, volatile solvents or mixture of volatile solvents or mixtures of volatile solvents and plasticizers
- Mixing the BAS with the biodegradable vehicle can be accomplished by simply stirring the mixture with a stirring device, or by triturating the mixture or employing an ointment mill or a suitable device or apparatus or equipment that can be used for blending/mixing.
- a stirring device or by triturating the mixture or employing an ointment mill or a suitable device or apparatus or equipment that can be used for blending/mixing.
- the BAS When the BAS is blended with the biodegradable vehicle just prior to use, it could be stored in a separate container in a solid state, liquid state (where the BAS is dissolved or suspended in the plasticizer or blends of plasticizers), or gel or paste (where the BAS is dissolved or suspended in the plasticizer or blends of plasticizers).
- a device which resembles two syringes or syringe-like devices (e.g.
- BAS pumps in which materials can be mixed by depressing a trigger-like device) attached together with a removable partition or a valve assembly can also be used to uniformly mix the BAS with the biodegradable vehicle.
- the BAS is loaded in one syringe or compartment and the biodegradable vehicle is loaded in the other compartment.
- a removable partition or a valve which will allow the contents of the two compartments to be mixed uniformly, separates the two compartments.
- the mixing process is performed in order to dissolve or uniformly suspend the BAS particles in the biodegradable vehicle.
- the resulting BAS-loaded biodegradable delivery systems can be free flowing or viscous liquids, gels or pastes.
- the BAS and the biodegradable vehicle can be packaged in two separate containers as a kit. The vehicle and the BAS can then be blended together by the aforementioned methods.
- the procedure for preparing a biodegradable vehicle first, loading the BAS soon after the biodegradable vehicle is prepared, or blending the BAS to the biodegradable vehicle just prior to the use of the BAS-loaded biodegradable delivery system is shown in Figures 1 and 2.
- the procedure of loading BAS before removing the volatile solvent or mixture of volatile solvents to prepare biodegradable delivery systems is shown in Figure 2.
- the method of addition of the BAS is not limited to that shown in Figure 2, since the BAS can be loaded in any physical form (i.e.
- the resulting BAS-loaded biodegradable delivery systems can be free flowing or viscous liquids, gels or pastes, wherein the BAS can be dissolved or suspended.
- BAS include, but are not limited to, steroids, hormones, antipsychotic agents, agents that act on the central nervous system (CNS - agents), narcotic agonists and antagonists, fertility regulating agents, antibodies and antigens, anesthetics, analgesics, antibiotics, antiviral agents, antineoplastic agents, antifungal agents, cavity and infection preventing agents, cardiovascular agents, angiogenic and antiangiogenic agents, anti-inflammatory agents, immunomodulators, vasodilators, brochiodilators.
- growth promoting agents such as calcium phosphates
- the bioactive agents include anticancer agents such as taxol, ca ⁇ nustine, interleukin 2, interferon, growth hormones such as human growth hormone, somatotropin hormone, antipsychotic agents such as risperidone, antibiotics such as gentamicin, tetracycline, oxytetracycline, topical anesthetic agents such as benzocaine, chloroprocaine, cocaine, procaine, propoxycaine tetracaine, depravaine, bupivacaine, etidocaine, levobupivacaine, lidocaine, mepivacaine, prilocaine, propofol and ropivacaine, analgesic agents such as mo ⁇ hine, oxycodone, fentanyl, fentanyl, sufentanyl, buto ⁇ hanol, narcotic antagonists such as naltrexone, nal ⁇ hine, naloxone, nalmefen
- the biologically active agents include, but are not limited to, steroids such as protaglandins, estrogens, androgens, and progestins; ophthalmics such as lubricants and anti-glaucoma; antibiotics such as quinolones; saliva subsitiutes, sedative/hypnotics such as benzodiazepines and barbituates; wound care such as growth factors (EPO, FGF, G-CSF); antiparasitics (worms, malarial); anticonvulsants, muscle relaxants, nucleoside analogs, osteoporosis preparations (supplement bone growth),
- steroids such as protaglandins, estrogens, androgens, and progestins
- ophthalmics such as lubricants and anti-glaucoma
- antibiotics such as quinolones
- saliva subsitiutes such as sedative/hypnotics
- sedative/hypnotics such as benzodiazepines and barbituates
- antibiotics such as cephalosporins, aminoglycosides and sulfonamides, oxytocic agents and prostaglandins.
- the physical form i.e. liquids, gels or pastes
- consistency or rheology i.e. hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity
- in vivo duration of stay of the biodegradable vehicles or delivery systems in vivo biodegradation rate of biodegradable vehicles or delivery systems
- BAS release characteristics from BAS-loaded biodegradable delivery systems depend on a number of factors.
- polymer or copolymer examples include: type of polymer or copolymer, hydrophilicity or lipophilicity of polymer or copolymer, concentration of polymer or copolymer, molecular weight of polymer or copolymer, copolymer ratios, combination of polymers or copolymers with different molecular weights, combination of copolymer with varying copolymer ratios, combination of different types of polymer with varying crystallinity, hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity, type of plasticizer, hydrophilicity or lipophilicity of plasticizer, concentration of plasticizer (polymer or copolymer to plasticizer/plasticizers ratios), combination of plasticizers, type of BAS, loading of BAS, hydrophilicity or lipophilicity of BAS, molecular weight of BAS.
- the physicochemical interactions between the polymer, plasticizer and BAS also affect the above-mentioned properties of biodegradable vehicles and delivery systems. For example, using the present invention, it is possible
- BAS (with specific physicochemical properties and the desired in vivo concentration), for the desired length time. This is achieved by blending an appropriately selected polymer or polymers with an appropriately selected plasticizer or mixtures of plasticizers. Besides controlling the release characteristics of the BAS from the delivery system described in the present invention, a blend of the appropriate polymer or polymers and plasticizer also controls the consistency or rheology of the delivery system.
- blends of polyacaprolactone and polylactic acid or polycaprolactone and poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid/polylactide-co-glycolide (PLGA)) can also result in a biodegradable vehicle or biodegradable delivery system with varying degradation kinetics where the more hydrophilic or amo ⁇ hous polymer may degrade at a much faster rate than the rest of the polymers in the blend.
- the biodegradable vehicle without any BAS may be used as a biodegradable tissue or cavity filler or spacer in the body, whereas, BAS-loaded biodegradable delivery system may be used for the treatment of a variety of diseases and pathological conditions.
- the final composition with or without the BAS may be injected, implanted, smeared or applied in animals, birds or humans.
- the biodegradable delivery system loaded with an antitumor agent or antiangiogenic agent can be directly injected into or adjacent to solid tumors such as brain tumor, breast tumors, melanomas, etc. It can also be injected, implanted or smeared at a site from where a solid tumor has been surgically removed, thus affording site-specific delivery for disease states that are otherwise very difficult, (if not impossible) to treat using the conventional methods of treatment.
- BAS- loaded biodegradable vehicle can also be used in surgeries where appropriate quantities of an antibiotic, an anti-inflammatory agent, a local anesthetic or analgesic, or combinations thereof can be loaded in the biodegradable vehicle by the surgeon in an operating room, and the resulting mixture can then be injected, implanted, smeared or applied at the site of surgery to minimize the chances of localized infections or inflammation and reduce pain respectively, due to surgery.
- an antibiotic an anti-inflammatory agent
- a local anesthetic or analgesic or combinations thereof
- the resulting mixture can then be injected, implanted, smeared or applied at the site of surgery to minimize the chances of localized infections or inflammation and reduce pain respectively, due to surgery.
- PMMA polymethylmethacrylate
- the non-degradable polymer beads have to be eventually removed before closing the wound with a suture, and the patients are then given an intravenous dose of an antibiotic or treated with an oral antibiotic.
- This procedure can easily be corrected with the use of an antibiotic loaded biodegradable vehicle that can be injected, implanted, smeared or applied near or at the site of surgery. High concentrations of the antibiotic at the site of surgery can prevent infections.
- the BAS delivery system need not be removed from the site of administration because of the biodegradable nature of the system.
- the biodegradable vehicle loaded with bone growth promoting agents such as calcium sulfate, calcium phosphate or hydroxyapatite can be injected, implanted, applied or smeared at an appropriate site, where it is needed following bone, disc or spine surgery.
- BAS such as low molecular weight heparin can also be inco ⁇ orated into the biodegradable vehicle and the resulting mixture can be used to treat conditions such as deep venous thrombosis (DNT) in trauma or surgical patients.
- DNT deep venous thrombosis
- the system could be loaded with a contraceptive agent, antipsychotic agent, anticonvulsants, antimalarial, antihypertensive agent, antibiotics, antiviral agents, biologically active protein and peptides, vaccines, live or killed bacteria and viruses, genes, D ⁇ A or D ⁇ A fragments, R ⁇ A or R ⁇ A fragments, and injected, implanted, smeared or applied in the body to provide a controlled release of the agents for the desired length of time.
- Biodegradable delivery system loaded with BAS such as antiinflammatory agents, analgesics and anesthetics could be injected directly into joints or sites in the body from where the pain is emanating, thus providing relief from the excruciating pain and making the joints more mobile.
- Antigens may also be inco ⁇ orated into the delivery system and injected, implanted or applied in animals or humans to induce the production of specific antibodies.
- Bones fragments or powder
- mo ⁇ hogenic proteins such as growth promoting agents of biological tissues and organs and wound-healing factors
- Live cells and/or whole or a part of a tissue or tissues and organs can also be blended with the biodegradable vehicle and injected, implanted or applied at the site of administration.
- the biodegradable vehicle can be prepared with blends of varying molecular weights of polymers or copolymers, or with blends of copolymers of varying copolymer ratios (e.g. 50/50 PLGA and 85/15 PLGA or 100% PLA and 25/75 PLGA) or blends of different types of biodegradable polymers with varying hydrophobicity or lipophilicity or crystallinity (e.g. 1:1 of PLA:PCL or 1:3 of PLA:PCL or 1 : 1 of 50/50 PLGA:PCL).
- blends of varying molecular weights of polymers or copolymers e.g. 50/50 PLGA and 85/15 PLGA or 100% PLA and 25/75 PLGA
- blends of different types of biodegradable polymers with varying hydrophobicity or lipophilicity or crystallinity e.g. 1:1 of PLA:PCL or 1:3 of PLA:PCL or 1 : 1 of 50/50 PLGA:PCL
- the formulation which is sterile, is suitable for various topical or parenteral routes, such as intramuscular, subcutaneous, intra-articular, by suppository (e.g. per-rectum or vaginal application), intradermal.
- topical or parenteral routes such as intramuscular, subcutaneous, intra-articular, by suppository (e.g. per-rectum or vaginal application), intradermal.
- the biological active agents and biodegradable delivery systems are delivered or administered topically. Additionally, the agents can be delivered parenterally. Topical administration is preferred in treatment of lesions of the skin as in psoriasis, where such direct application is practical and clinically indicated.
- An effective quantity of the compound of interest is employed in treatment.
- the dosage of compounds used in accordance with the invention varies depending on the compound and the condition being treated. For example, the age, weight, and clinical condition of the recipient patient; and the experience and judgment of the clinician or practitioner administering the therapy are among the factors affecting the selected dosage. Other factors include: the route of administration, the patient, the patient's medical history, the severity of the disease process, and the potency of the particular compound.
- the dose should be sufficient to ameliorate symptoms or signs of the disease treated without producing unacceptable toxicity to the patient.
- an effective amount of the compound is that which provides either subjective relief of symptoms or an objectively identifiable improvement as noted by the clinician or other qualified observer.
- Example 1 was repeated using 10% w/w of 50/50 lactide-co-glycolide copolymer and 90% w/w TEC. The resulting formulation obtained was a matrix with a liquid-like consistency.
- Example 1 was repeated using 20% w/w of 50/50 lactide-co-glycolide copolymer and 80% w/w TEC. The resulting formulation obtained was a matrix with a viscous liquid-like consistency.
- EXAMPLE 4 n Example 1 was repeated, using 30% w/w of 50/50 lactide-co-glycolide copolymer and 70% w/w TEC was used. The resulting formulation obtained was a matrix with a viscous liquid-like consistency.
- Example 1 was repeated, using 40% w/w of 50/50 lactide-co-glycolide copolymer and 60% w/w TEC was used. The resulting formulation obtained was a matrix with a viscous liquid-like consistency.
- Example 1 was repeated, using 60% w/w of 50/50 lactide-co-glycolide copolymer and 40% w/w TEC was used. The resulting formulation obtained was a matrix with a gel-like consistency.
- Example 1 was repeated, using 70% w/w of 50/50 lactide-co-glycolide copolymer and 30% w/w TEC was used. The resulting formulation obtained was a matrix with a gel-like consistency.
- Example 1 was repeated, using 80% w/w of 50/50 lactide-co-glycolide copolymer and 20% w/w TEC was used. The resulting formulation obtained was a matrix with thick sticky paste.
- Example 1 was repeated with the following polymers and plasticizers as shown in Table 1 below:
- EXAMPLE 12 Effect of varying polymer inherent viscosities on the physical state of the formulations and drug release characteristics
- a polymer (25% w/w of 50/50 lactide-co-glycolide copolymer, inherent viscosity of 0.59) was dissolved in a minimum quantity of acetone. Pure polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) was added to the polymer solution. The solution was stirred to yield a uniform mixture. Acetone was evaporated from the mixture by heating at 60-75°C with constant stirring. The blank formulation was kept in a vacuum oven at 60-75°C overnight to ensure complete removal of acetone. The resulting formulation obtained was a matrix with a viscous liquid like consistency. Three different concentrations of oxytetracycline base (either 10, 20 or 30% w/w) were added to the blank formulation and mixed thoroughly to ensure uniform distribution of the drug in the formulations.
- PEG 400 polyethylene glycol 400
- Drug release from the drug-loaded formulations was performed at 37°C in isotonic phosphate buffer containing sodium sulfite as an antioxidant.
- Figure 6 shows the cumulative amount of oxytetracycline released from formulations prepared with the above-mentioned compositions. Increasing the percentage of drug in the formulations from 10 to 30% w/w increased the cumulative amount of drug released at the end of 360 hours. This increase occurred because, at higher drug-loadings, more drug is available on the surface of the formulations for release. Moreover, a higher 3 drug concentration gradient between the formulation and the dissolution medium is expected at 30% w/w drug-loading compared to the one at 10% w/w drug loading. EXAMPLE 15
- plasticizer compositions on drug release A polymer (25% w/w of 50/50 lactide-co-glycolide copolymer, inherent viscosity of 0.59) was dissolved in a minimum quantity of acetone. Either pure triethyl citrate (TEC), or polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400), or blends of PEG 400 and TEC (either 50/50% or 75/25% blends of PEG 400/TEC) was added to the polymer solution. The resulting solutions were stirred to yield uniform mixtures. Acetone was evaporated from the mixtures by heating at 60-75°C with constant stirring. The blank formulations were kept in a vacuum oven at 60-75°C overnight to ensure complete removal of acetone.
- TEC triethyl citrate
- PEG 400 polyethylene glycol 400
- TEC polyethylene glycol 400
- a polymer (25% w/w of 50/50 lactide-co-glycolide copolymer, inherent viscosity of 0.59) was dissolved in a minimum quantity of acetone.
- Either pure polyethylene glycol 400, triethyl citrate (TEC) or acetyl triethyl citrate (ATEC) was added to the polymer solution.
- the resulting solutions were stirred to yield uniform mixtures.
- Acetone was evaporated from the mixtures by heating at 60-75 °C with constant stirring.
- the blank fonnulations were kept in a vacuum oven at 60-75°C overnight to ensure complete removal of acetone.
- the resulting formulations obtained were matrices with a viscous liquid like consistency.
- Oxytetracycline base (20%> w/w) was added to each blank formulation and mixed thoroughly to ensure uniform distribution of the drug in the formulations.
- Drug release from the drug-loaded formulations was performed at 37°C in isotonic phosphate buffer containing sodium sulfite as an antioxidant.
- Figure 9 shows the cumulative amount of oxytetracycline released from formulations prepared with the above-mentioned compositions. It is evident from the figure that drug release was fastest from formulations prepared with PEG 400, and slowest from those prepared with ATEC. Intermediate drug release was observed from formulations prepared from TEC.
- Blank formulations were prepared by dissolving either 16.67% w/w or 25% w/w of 50/50 polylactide-co-glycolide copolymer (inherent viscosity of 0.59) and either 50/50% or 75/25% blends of PEG 400 and TEC in a minimum quantity of acetone. The resulting solutions were sti ⁇ ed to yield uniform mixtures. Acetone was evaporated from the mixtures by heating at 60-75 °C with constant stirring. The blank formulations were kept in a vacuum oven at 60-75°C overnight to ensure complete removal of acetone. The resulting formulations obtained were matrices with a viscous liquid like consistency.
- Oxytetracycline base (20% w/w) was added to each blank formulation and mixed thoroughly to ensure uniform distribution of the drug in the formulations.
- Drug release from the drug-loaded formulations was performed at 37°C in isotonic phosphate buffer containing sodium sulfite as an antioxidant.
- Figure 10 shows the cumulative amount of oxytetracycline released from formulations prepared with the above-mentioned compositions. It is evident from the figure that faster drug release was observed from formulations prepared with a 16.61% polymer and 83.3% of plasticizer blends of varying compositions (polymer to plasticizer ratio of 1:5) compared to those prepared from formulations with polymer to plasticizer ratios of 1 :3 (25% polymer and 75% plasticizer).
- Blank formulations were prepared by dissolving 25% of a polymer (50/50 lactide-co-glycolide copolymer, inherent viscosity of 0.64) and pure PEG 400 or 50/50% blends of PEG 400 and TEC in a minimum quantity of acetone. The solutions were stirred to yield a uniform mixture. Acetone was evaporated from the mixtures by heating at 60-75°C with constant stirring. The blank formulations were kept in a vacuum oven at 60-75°C overnight to ensure complete removal of acetone. The resulting formulations obtained were a matrix with viscous liquid-like consistency.
- naltrexone hydrochloride The release of naltrexone hydrochloride is considerably faster from formulations prepared with both pure PEG 400 and 50/50% blends of PEG 400 and TEC than the release of the hydrated naltrexone base from similar fonnulations. This is because the solubility of the naltrexone hydrochloride in the dissolution buffer is much greater than that of the hydrated naltrexone base.
- Biodegradable delivery systems could be prepared by the procedures shown in Examples 1-20. Instead of adding a single biologically active agent, a combination of two or more biologically active agents could be inco ⁇ orated together in the said delivery system. Examples of some of the combinations of the biologically active agents include levonorgestrel and ethinyl estradiol, trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole, trimetrexate and leucovorin, isoniazid, rifampin and ethambutol, dapsone and rifampicin, erythromycin and rifampicin, clotrimazole and nystatin, amphotericin B and flucytosine, hydrochlorothiazide and amiloride, hydrochlorothiazide and spironolactone, hydrochlorothiazide and captopril, polythiazide and rese ⁇ ine.
- a combination of two or more plasticizers could be added to obtain a formulation with the desired consistency and hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity.
- An example of a combination of plasticizer is acetyl triacetyl citrate (ATEC), n-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) and a vegetable oil such as sesame oil, olive oil, safflower oil, sunflower oil, cottonseed oil or almond oil.
- EXAMPLE 22 Biodegradable vehicle could be prepared by the procedures shown in
- the vehicle could be loaded with BAS in a pharmacy or in an operating room by the health practitioner (a pharmacist, surgeon, nurse), just prior to administration to the patient, with an appropriate quantity of an antitumor agent and injected directly into a solid tumor or at a site from where a solid tumor has been surgically removed.
- biodegradable vehicle loaded with an antitumor agent can also be injected into the tumor, or injected, implanted, smeared or applied at the site from where the tumor is removed by the surgeon.
- Example 22 A similar treatment described in Example 22 can be offered to patients with brain tumors where the biodegradable vehicle prepared by the methods shown in Examples 1- 20 and loaded with an appropriate quantity of an antitumor agent.
- the BAS-loaded delivery system can be injected, implanted or applied directly at the site in the brain from where the tumor has been removed.
- EXAMPLE 24
- the biodegradable vehicle prepared as shown in examples 1-20 and loaded with a BAS such as an antibiotic an anti-inflammatory agent, a local anesthetic or analgesic, or combinations thereof can also be used in surgeries where appropriate quantities of the BAS, can be mixed with the biodegradable vehicle by the surgeon in an operating room, and the resulting mixture can then be injected, implanted, smeared or applied at the site of surgery to minimize the chances of localized infections or inflammation and reduce pain respectively, due to surgery.
- an antibiotic loaded biodegradable vehicle can also be injected, implanted, smeared or applied at the site of surgery by the surgeon at the site of surgery.
- a biodegradable vehicle prepared by the method shown in examples 1-20 and loaded with an antibiotic can be injected, implanted, applied or smeared near or at the site of surgery.
- High concentrations of the antibiotic at the site of surgery can prevent infections.
- the BAS delivery system need not be removed from the site of administration because of the biodegradable nature of the system.
- biodegradable vehicle prepared with the methods described in examples 1-20 and loaded with bone (fragments or powdered) or bone growth promoting agents such as calcium sulfate, calcium phosphates or hydroxyapatite can be injected, implanted, applied or smeared at an appropriate site where it is needed following orthopedic surgery.
- bone growth promoting agents such as calcium sulfate, calcium phosphates or hydroxyapatite
- biodegradable vehicle prepared with the methods described in examples 1-20 and loaded with a low molecular weight heparin can also be used to treat conditions such as deep venous thrombosis (DNT) in trauma or surgical patients.
- DNT deep venous thrombosis
- the biodegradable vehicle prepared with the methods described in examples 1-20 can be prepared with blends of varying molecular weights of polymers or copolymers, or with blends of copolymers of varying copolymer ratios such as 50/50 PLGA and 85/15 PLGA or 100% polylactic acid (PLA) and 25/75 PLGA, or blends of different types of biodegradable polymers with varying hydrophobicity or lipophilicity or crystallinity such as 1:1 of PLA:PCL or 1:3 of PLA:PCL or 1:1 of 50/50 PLGA.PCL.
- EXAMPLE 29 The polymer (50/50 lactide-co-glycolide copolymer) was dissolved directly in various plasticizers with stining with or without the use of heat. Specific examples of fonnulations prepared using this method are listed in Table 6 below. The resulting formulations obtained were a matrix with a viscous liquid or gel-like consistency.
- Table 6 Description of formulations prepared by directly mixing the polymer with the plasticizer with or without the use heat
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US605661 | 2000-06-28 | ||
US09/605,661 US6432438B1 (en) | 1997-10-29 | 2000-06-28 | Biodegradable vehicle and filler |
IN694MU2000 IN189074B (en) | 2000-07-25 | 2000-07-25 | |
INMU069400 | 2000-07-25 | ||
CN 00120871 CN1206001C (en) | 2000-06-28 | 2000-08-03 | Biodegradable carrier and biodegradable transfer system |
CN00120871 | 2000-08-03 | ||
PCT/US2001/006138 WO2002000137A1 (en) | 2000-06-28 | 2001-02-26 | Biodegradable vehicles and delivery systems of biologically active substances |
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EP1299048A4 EP1299048A4 (en) | 2005-09-28 |
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JP (1) | JP2004511431A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1283215C (en) |
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CA (1) | CA2413157A1 (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ523385A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2002000137A1 (en) |
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AU2001245346A1 (en) | 2002-01-08 |
CN1438858A (en) | 2003-08-27 |
CA2413157A1 (en) | 2002-01-03 |
WO2002000137A1 (en) | 2002-01-03 |
CN1283215C (en) | 2006-11-08 |
JP2004511431A (en) | 2004-04-15 |
NZ523385A (en) | 2005-09-30 |
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