EP0746858B1 - Arrangement for screening an electrical cable - Google Patents

Arrangement for screening an electrical cable Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0746858B1
EP0746858B1 EP95910849A EP95910849A EP0746858B1 EP 0746858 B1 EP0746858 B1 EP 0746858B1 EP 95910849 A EP95910849 A EP 95910849A EP 95910849 A EP95910849 A EP 95910849A EP 0746858 B1 EP0746858 B1 EP 0746858B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
screen
insulation
cable
earth conductor
conductor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP95910849A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0746858A1 (en
Inventor
Tommy Jenving
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
JENVING TECHNOLOGY AB
Original Assignee
JENVING TECHNOLOGY AB
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by JENVING TECHNOLOGY AB filed Critical JENVING TECHNOLOGY AB
Publication of EP0746858A1 publication Critical patent/EP0746858A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0746858B1 publication Critical patent/EP0746858B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/36—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form with distinguishing or length marks
    • H01B7/361—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form with distinguishing or length marks being the colour of the insulation or conductor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B9/00—Power cables
    • H01B9/02—Power cables with screens or conductive layers, e.g. for avoiding large potential gradients
    • H01B9/028—Power cables with screens or conductive layers, e.g. for avoiding large potential gradients with screen grounding means, e.g. drain wires

Definitions

  • the present invention refers to mains cables for shielding the cables comprising a cable screen for screening the cables from electric alternating fields.
  • Every unscreened mains cables is radiating an electric alternating field. This field influences other electric equipment in its surrounding. For example, we get hum in our hifi equipments if we do not screen the low signal interconnect cables. We get disturbances in data transference and process controllers if we do not screen the transmission cables and sensitive parts of the equipment. Disturbances may as well emanate from transients on the mains net work, caused by other mains equipment, for example thyristor controlled lamps and machines.
  • FR,A, 2 096 389 discloses a cable with a metallic screen surrounding insulated conductors. One of the conductors is connected to the screen by a device.
  • Each of FR,A, 2 108 141, GB,A, 1312890 and GB,A, 1463470 discloses a cable including a cable screen surrounding insulated conductors and one or more earth or neutral conductors.
  • Each earth or neutral conductor has a jacket, which is made of a semi-conductive materal, and is in contact with the screen.
  • exisiting screened mains cables are constructed as an ordinary 3-conductor mains cable, but provided with an exterior screen of aluminum foil and inside this aluminum screen there is a naked wire in contact with the screen, along the entire cable. This naked wire serves as a screen connection conductor.
  • the main purpose with the present invention is to achieve a contrivance regarding mains cables that enables a screening of the cable without the additional screen connection conductor, and that the cable can be handled as any ordinary mains cable.
  • mains cables in accordance with the present invention which is mainly characterized in that between fields of insulation, which is arranged to encircle an earth conductor which is received on the inside of an along the cable extending screen, an electrically conductive connection conductor is received which consists of semiconductive plastic and is arranged to run helically around the earth conductor, to connect the earth conductor with said cable screen.
  • This marking line consists of semiconductive plastic. Thus, it constitutes a connection between the earth conductor and the surface of the insulation along the line, which in its turn is in contact with the screen. In this way we have got an automatic screen connection.
  • the purpose is to adapt the conductivity of the semiconductive plastic down to a level of harmlessness which can be approved by SEMKO after exemption from the authorities of electric safety.
  • the cable is also to be secured against interior electric surge breakdown.
  • PVC insulation can exhibit pores that go all the way through and such pores might cause electric surge breakdown. Therefore, an insulation similar to the insulation of the two other conductors is required also on the earth conductor. Thus, there is always a double insulation between any two conductors and it is extremely unlikely to get two through-going pores connected to each other.
  • the periphery of the earth conductor of our cable is not entirely PVC insulated owing to the semiconductive line. This is solved by putting a double insulation on each of the two current carrying conductors instead. Then the probability of two through-going pores in contact with each other remains equally small.
  • a contrivance 1 at a mains cable 2 which is meant to make a screening of the cable from electric alternating field, what is called the E-field, is designed in such a way that between fields 3, 4 of electric insulation, which is arranged to encircle an earth conductor 5, for example a common concentric multistrand copper conductor with strand diameter and ohmic resistance in compliance with the regulations, and which is interiorly received in a tube shaped cavity 6 in an along the cable 2 extending connecting screen 7, a conductor 8, 9 is received, which is arranged to connect the earth conductor 5 with the surface 10A of its insulation 10, for conductive connection with said connecting screen 7 of the mains cable 2.
  • an earth conductor 5 for example a common concentric multistrand copper conductor with strand diameter and ohmic resistance in compliance with the regulations
  • said conductor 8, 9 preferably consists of semiconductive plastic which can be designed as a sector shaped line extending to the connecting surface between the earth conductor 5 and the insulation 10 alongside the line 8, 9.
  • connection conductors 8, 9, which preferably are two conductors located opposite each other on the earth conductor 5, run helically around the earth conductor 5.
  • Said insulation 3, 4 is made of plastic material, preferably PVC and more exactly comprising two differently coloured fields 3, 4 of insulation, green/yellow which lenghtwise are limited by the connection conductors 8, 9 along lateral edges 8A, 8B, 9A, 9B, respectively, extending along the earth conductor 5 for surface connection with the lateral edges 3A, 3B, 4A, 4B of the insulation fields 3, 4.
  • the intermediate connnection conductors 8, 9 are black coloured.
  • the earth conductor 5 as well as additional conductors 11, 12 can be surrounded by individual layers 13, 14 of insulation, preferably with double layers 13, 13A; 14, 14A of PVC.
  • a semiconductive nylon screen 7 preferably forms a cable screen exteriorly around all the conductors 5, 11, 12, and the conductors 5, 11, 12, which are evenly distributed inside the semiconductive nylon screen 7, are also surrounded by an around said nylon screen 7 extending, exterior insulating jacket 15 of electrically insulating material, preferably of PVC.
  • connection stretch of some cm would make some hundreds of Mohm of resistance to the earth conductor through the semiconductive plastic at an unwanted connection between un unjacketed earth conductor and other electric parts, which would be considered safe for human beings.
  • Cables exhibiting the desired properties can be produced for example by adding suitable additives to the electrically conductive or semiconductive polymer material in question which is possible to colour.
  • suitable additives i.e. concerning electric conductivity and colour
  • one example is to add compounds with the designation CEE 0841 and CEE 0851, respectively, from the company Borealis Compounds AB.
  • the design is that a semiconductive nylon screen surrounds a mains cable with three conductors, where the earth conductor is not insulated, but provided with a jacket of yellow/green semiconductive plastic. The yellow/ green plastic bears against the screen, whereby the screen is automatically connected.
  • the bending fatigue limit of the nylon screen is far higher than that of a common copper twist. Also the environmental immunity is higher as far as the capacitive influence of humidity is concerned, and also the interference immunity is higher.
  • the idea of the invention is to colour it yellow/green and in this way automatize the screen connection and still comply with the requirements.
  • a screened cable where it is not necessary to connect the screen by means of a separate secondary conductor, but which is automatically screened by means of the yellow/green earth conductor.
  • the very idea of the invention is the use of yellow/green coloured semiconductive plastic.

Abstract

The present invention refers to a contrivance (1) at the main cables for screening the cables from electric alternating fields. Between fields (3, 4) of insulation, which are arranged so as to surround an earth conductor (5), which is interiorly received in an along the cable running cable screen, a connection conductor (8, 9) is received which is arranged so as to connect the earth conductor with said cable screen for electric contact.

Description

The present invention refers to mains cables for shielding the cables comprising a cable screen for screening the cables from electric alternating fields.
Almost all mains cables in application today are unscreened.
Every unscreened mains cables is radiating an electric alternating field. This field influences other electric equipment in its surrounding. For example, we get hum in our hifi equipments if we do not screen the low signal interconnect cables. We get disturbances in data transference and process controllers if we do not screen the transmission cables and sensitive parts of the equipment. Disturbances may as well emanate from transients on the mains net work, caused by other mains equipment, for example thyristor controlled lamps and machines.
FR,A, 2 096 389 discloses a cable with a metallic screen surrounding insulated conductors. One of the conductors is connected to the screen by a device.
Each of FR,A, 2 108 141, GB,A, 1312890 and GB,A, 1463470 discloses a cable including a cable screen surrounding insulated conductors and one or more earth or neutral conductors. Each earth or neutral conductor has a jacket, which is made of a semi-conductive materal, and is in contact with the screen.
None of the known cables can be handled as an ordinary cable.
There is also a discussion going about the electric field and its influence on human beings. The influence is a physical fact, but there are different opinions about whether it is injurious or not. Thus, it has not been proved to be quite harmless.
One way to avoid these problems is to screen the mains cables. There are, in fact, screened cables on the market. However, these are troublesome to install since they, besides the ordinary earth conductor, are provided with an extra screen connection conductor. This in order to enable the earth conductor to be insulated separately and marked with green/yellow colour in compliance with the safety regulations. These are based on the IEC-statutes.
These exisiting screened mains cables are constructed as an ordinary 3-conductor mains cable, but provided with an exterior screen of aluminum foil and inside this aluminum screen there is a naked wire in contact with the screen, along the entire cable. This naked wire serves as a screen connection conductor.
The main purpose with the present invention is to achieve a contrivance regarding mains cables that enables a screening of the cable without the additional screen connection conductor, and that the cable can be handled as any ordinary mains cable.
The mentioned purpose is achieved by means of mains cables in accordance with the present invention which is mainly characterized in that between fields of insulation, which is arranged to encircle an earth conductor which is received on the inside of an along the cable extending screen, an electrically conductive connection conductor is received which consists of semiconductive plastic and is arranged to run helically around the earth conductor, to connect the earth conductor with said cable screen.
The dependent claims set out particular embodiments of the invention.
The invention is described below as a preferred embodiment with reference to the attached drawings, in which
  • Fig. 1 shows a cross sectional view of a screened mains installation cable in accordance with the present invention and which comprises three conductors, and
  • Fig. 2 shows a perspective view of an earth conductor in accordance with the invention.
    • With the new cable the extra screen connection is eliminated and the cable can be handled as any ordinary 3-conductor cable.
    The idea is to insert a black marking line between the green and the yellow field on the insulation of the earth conductor. This marking line consists of semiconductive plastic. Thus, it constitutes a connection between the earth conductor and the surface of the insulation along the line, which in its turn is in contact with the screen. In this way we have got an automatic screen connection.
    Then it remains to make it electric shock safe, for instance in case one is holding the earth conductor with one hand and a phase connected part with the other hand. Furthermore, a dangerous current must not be allowed to flow if the earth conductor is touching against any other current carrying part.
    Measurements of electric alternating fields and screen effects show that the connection between the screen and the earth can be rather high resistive without the screen effect being taken away. Furthermore, the screen connection surface of the semiconductive plastic is considerably larger than the surface that might touch another current carrying component or touch a part of the human body, and thus enabling the semiconductive plastic to keep a high value of Ohm x meter.
    Hence, the purpose is to adapt the conductivity of the semiconductive plastic down to a level of harmlessness which can be approved by SEMKO after exemption from the authorities of electric safety.
    The cable is also to be secured against interior electric surge breakdown. PVC insulation can exhibit pores that go all the way through and such pores might cause electric surge breakdown. Therefore, an insulation similar to the insulation of the two other conductors is required also on the earth conductor. Thus, there is always a double insulation between any two conductors and it is extremely unlikely to get two through-going pores connected to each other. However, the periphery of the earth conductor of our cable is not entirely PVC insulated owing to the semiconductive line. This is solved by putting a double insulation on each of the two current carrying conductors instead. Then the probability of two through-going pores in contact with each other remains equally small.
    In accordance with the invention a contrivance 1 at a mains cable 2, which is meant to make a screening of the cable from electric alternating field, what is called the E-field, is designed in such a way that between fields 3, 4 of electric insulation, which is arranged to encircle an earth conductor 5, for example a common concentric multistrand copper conductor with strand diameter and ohmic resistance in compliance with the regulations, and which is interiorly received in a tube shaped cavity 6 in an along the cable 2 extending connecting screen 7, a conductor 8, 9 is received, which is arranged to connect the earth conductor 5 with the surface 10A of its insulation 10, for conductive connection with said connecting screen 7 of the mains cable 2.
    More exactly said conductor 8, 9 preferably consists of semiconductive plastic which can be designed as a sector shaped line extending to the connecting surface between the earth conductor 5 and the insulation 10 alongside the line 8, 9.
    Preferably the connection conductors 8, 9, which preferably are two conductors located opposite each other on the earth conductor 5, run helically around the earth conductor 5.
    Said insulation 3, 4 is made of plastic material, preferably PVC and more exactly comprising two differently coloured fields 3, 4 of insulation, green/yellow which lenghtwise are limited by the connection conductors 8, 9 along lateral edges 8A, 8B, 9A, 9B, respectively, extending along the earth conductor 5 for surface connection with the lateral edges 3A, 3B, 4A, 4B of the insulation fields 3, 4. The intermediate connnection conductors 8, 9 are black coloured.
    The earth conductor 5 as well as additional conductors 11, 12 can be surrounded by individual layers 13, 14 of insulation, preferably with double layers 13, 13A; 14, 14A of PVC.
    A semiconductive nylon screen 7 preferably forms a cable screen exteriorly around all the conductors 5, 11, 12, and the conductors 5, 11, 12, which are evenly distributed inside the semiconductive nylon screen 7, are also surrounded by an around said nylon screen 7 extending, exterior insulating jacket 15 of electrically insulating material, preferably of PVC.
    Measurements carried out have shown that the insulation resistance, i.e. the contact resistance, between the screen 7 and the earth conductor 5, can be rather high resistant without the screen effect being lost. Measurements have been carried out on 6 m cables, whereby resistors of up to 1 Mohm have been connected between earth conductor 5 and screen 7 and have still given acceptable results. (Cf. the IEC requirement for insulation resistance for H05VV-F which is 0.011 Mohm x km). Therefore, the conductive plastic may have a rather high Mohm x km value.
    Thus, a connection stretch of some cm would make some hundreds of Mohm of resistance to the earth conductor through the semiconductive plastic at an unwanted connection between un unjacketed earth conductor and other electric parts, which would be considered safe for human beings.
    The purpose with this mains cable design was initially to address the recording studio market as well as the radio/TV stations for clearing the studios of interference noise, but an even larger market is the clearance from electric alternating fields in surroundings where people suffering from electric allergy stay. Also, for new installations there should be a considerable market share.
    Cables exhibiting the desired properties, i.e. concerning electric conductivity and colour, can be produced for example by adding suitable additives to the electrically conductive or semiconductive polymer material in question which is possible to colour. In order to obtain mixtures of polymers which are coloured green and yellow, respectively, one example is to add compounds with the designation CEE 0841 and CEE 0851, respectively, from the company Borealis Compounds AB.
    The design is that a semiconductive nylon screen surrounds a mains cable with three conductors, where the earth conductor is not insulated, but provided with a jacket of yellow/green semiconductive plastic. The yellow/ green plastic bears against the screen, whereby the screen is automatically connected.
    The bending fatigue limit of the nylon screen is far higher than that of a common copper twist. Also the environmental immunity is higher as far as the capacitive influence of humidity is concerned, and also the interference immunity is higher.
    The idea of the invention is to colour it yellow/green and in this way automatize the screen connection and still comply with the requirements.
    A screened cable, where it is not necessary to connect the screen by means of a separate secondary conductor, but which is automatically screened by means of the yellow/green earth conductor. The very idea of the invention is the use of yellow/green coloured semiconductive plastic.
    Regarding the safety as far as interior electric surge breakdown in the cable is concerned, this can be solved by means of a double insulation of the two current carrying conductors.
    To make use of conductive plastic as filling material inside the cable would also increase the contact with the screen even if one should increase the resistance in the yellow/green semiconductive earth conductor insulation.
    The invention is, however, not limited to the embodiments described above and shown in the drawings, but can be varied within the scope of the patent claims without departing from the idea of the invention.

    Claims (7)

    1. Mains cables (2) comprising a cable screen (7) for screening the cables from electric alternating fields, characterized in that between fields (3, 4) of insulation, which is arranged to encircle an earth conductor (5) which is received on the inside of an along the cable (2) extending cable screen (7), an electrically conductive connection conductor (8, 9) is received, which consists of semiconductive plastic and is arranged to run helically around the earth conductor (5), to connect the earth conductor (5) with said cable screen (7).
    2. Mains cables in accordance with Claim 1, characterized in that the connection conductor (8, 9) has a section shaped sectional area and extends to connection between the earth conductor (5) and the surface (10A) of the insulation (10) along a line.
    3. Mains cables in accordance with any of the preceding Claims 1-2, characterized in that the insulation (10) consists of plastic material, preferably PVC.
    4. Mains cables in accordance with Claim 3, characterized in that the two multi-coloured fields (3, 4) of insulation (10), preferably green/yellow, are limited by connection conductors along surfaces (8A, 8B, 9A, 9B) of lateral edges extending along the earth conductor (5).
    5. Mains cables in accordance with any of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the connection conductor (8, 9) is black coloured.
    6. Mains cables in accordance with any of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the earth conductor (5) and additional electric conductors (11, 12) are surrounded by individual layers (10; 13, 14) of insulation, preferably Of double layers (13, 13A; 14, 14A).
    7. Mains cables in accordance with Claim 6, characterized in that an electrically semiconductive nylon screen (7) makes a cable screen exteriorly around the conductors (5, 11, 12).
    EP95910849A 1994-02-25 1995-02-24 Arrangement for screening an electrical cable Expired - Lifetime EP0746858B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (3)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    SE9400670A SE503975C2 (en) 1994-02-25 1994-02-25 Device for shielding electric cable
    SE9400670 1994-02-25
    PCT/SE1995/000202 WO1995023418A1 (en) 1994-02-25 1995-02-24 Arrangement for screening an electrical cable

    Publications (2)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP0746858A1 EP0746858A1 (en) 1996-12-11
    EP0746858B1 true EP0746858B1 (en) 1999-12-08

    Family

    ID=20393096

    Family Applications (1)

    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP95910849A Expired - Lifetime EP0746858B1 (en) 1994-02-25 1995-02-24 Arrangement for screening an electrical cable

    Country Status (7)

    Country Link
    EP (1) EP0746858B1 (en)
    AT (1) ATE187576T1 (en)
    AU (1) AU1866095A (en)
    DE (1) DE69513807T2 (en)
    SE (1) SE503975C2 (en)
    TW (1) TW247366B (en)
    WO (1) WO1995023418A1 (en)

    Families Citing this family (2)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    CN102385953A (en) * 2010-08-31 2012-03-21 江苏俊知技术有限公司 Yellow green double color grounded flexible cable used in communication power supply
    EP3428932A1 (en) * 2017-07-10 2019-01-16 NKT Cables Group A/S Electrical power cable

    Family Cites Families (4)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    FR2096389A6 (en) * 1970-01-27 1972-02-18 Mouravieff Nicolas
    FR2108141B1 (en) * 1970-06-23 1973-11-23 Trefimetaux
    BR7107901D0 (en) * 1970-12-04 1973-05-29 Pirelli MULTIPOLAR CABLE FOR ENERGY DISTRIBUTION
    CA996645A (en) * 1974-05-03 1976-09-07 Canada Wire And Cable Limited Power cable having an extensible ground check conductor

    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    AU1866095A (en) 1995-09-11
    SE9400670L (en) 1995-10-06
    ATE187576T1 (en) 1999-12-15
    SE503975C2 (en) 1996-10-07
    TW247366B (en) 1995-05-11
    EP0746858A1 (en) 1996-12-11
    SE9400670D0 (en) 1994-02-25
    WO1995023418A1 (en) 1995-08-31
    DE69513807T2 (en) 2000-04-06
    DE69513807D1 (en) 2000-01-13

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