CN1126948A - 帮助牙周组织再生的方法和组合物 - Google Patents

帮助牙周组织再生的方法和组合物 Download PDF

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CN1126948A
CN1126948A CN94192670A CN94192670A CN1126948A CN 1126948 A CN1126948 A CN 1126948A CN 94192670 A CN94192670 A CN 94192670A CN 94192670 A CN94192670 A CN 94192670A CN 1126948 A CN1126948 A CN 1126948A
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N·C·达曼尼
D·C·莫尔
R·E·辛格
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Procter and Gamble Co
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    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61K38/18Growth factors; Growth regulators
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00Medicinal preparations containing peptides
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    • A61K38/4846Factor VII (3.4.21.21); Factor IX (3.4.21.22); Factor Xa (3.4.21.6); Factor XI (3.4.21.27); Factor XII (3.4.21.38)
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
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Abstract

利用含有生物可吸入的聚合物,可沥出的溶剂,和可被生物利用的药剂的组合物帮助牙周组织再生的方法。可用于这些方法的组合物的特征在于会在与牙周组织接触后硬化以有效帮助组织再生,和可释放出治疗有效量的药剂。

Description

帮助牙周组织再生的方法和组合物
发明背景
本发明涉及利用含有生物可再吸入的聚合物,可沥出的溶剂,和生物可利用的药物的组合物来帮助牙周组织再生的方法。
牙周疾病是牙科的一主要课题。牙周组织常随牙周病的发展而丧失。牙周组织的丧失会损及牙齿在牙弓中的预后固位,常会造成不健康的口腔环境而且可能不太美观。
已经使用了许多方法来促进已丧失或患病的牙周组织的再生。有时通过牙周手术在牙根附近或发生组织丧失的地方植入牙周屏障,从而帮助和引导组织沿着需要进行牙周组织再生的牙表面进行再生。目前,这些屏障是由聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)之类的生物相容的而不吸入的材料制成的。这些屏障通常在4—6星期后由外科折返法去除。对于潜在的可用于牙周的引导组织再生的可吸收屏障已有所研究。例如,就这一方面而言,交联过的胶原(蛋白)正在被研究中。
由于牙周组织的再生是易变的,一般很难获得理想的牙周组织再生。而且,手术植入屏障会造成感染和发炎。使用牙周屏障进行引导性治愈时造成的感染和极度炎症会对组织再生造成不良影响。所以,为了促进牙周组织再生,最好用所需的抗菌剂,消炎剂或其他合适的化疗试剂对组织再生部位进行处理。同时,与合适的化学治疗剂联合使用载体试剂以加强化疗剂的细胞吸收将有助于牙周组织的再生。牙周屏障与化疗剂的联合使用所产生的一个可预见的潜在问题是在一段为了获得理想的牙周组织再生所需的比预计的长的时间内如何控制和调节这些药剂向组织再生部位的传递与吸收。
使用含有化疗剂的微粒,及其作为牙周屏障和在帮助牙周组织再生中的使用均属已知,其例有,1987年8月11日颁布的美国专利4,685,883和1991年10月22日颁布的美国专利5,059,123,两者均属Jernberg,在此均被全面引作参考。在前一专利中,据说微胶囊被沉积在牙周的袋形区域中或附着在治疗牙周疾病的牙齿本身的表面,而不与帮助或引导牙周组织再生的屏障结合。后一专利使用由与人体相适的材料制成(据说该材料含可再吸入和不吸入的物质且它们也可较好地包含装在微囊中的化疗药物)的牙周屏障来帮助牙周组织再生,并指出,屏障用常规技术手术植入,用与人体相适的缝线将其缝合到位。
虽然有了这些研究,但仍然需要帮助牙周组织再生的更好的组合物和方法。所以,本发明的目的之一是提供对治疗者来说易于使用,对病人来说感觉舒适,和/或无需缝合和/或随后的手术去除组合物的帮助牙周组织再生的方法。另一目的是提供用于牙周组织再生的生物可吸入的组合物,它可以在支持牙周组织再生的同时持续释放药物有效成分。还有一个目的是提供无需在治疗部位缝合组合物的帮助牙周组织再生的方法。
以下的详细描述将清楚地说明本发明的这些及其它目的。
除非另作说明,此处的百分比和比值都按重量计。发明概述
本发明涉及帮助人或其它动物牙周组织再生的方法。所述方法包括在人或其他动物需要再生牙周组织的部位放置含有生物可吸入的聚合物,可沥出的溶剂和生物可利用的有效药剂的组合物,其中所述组合物的特征还在于可在与牙周组织接触后硬化从而有效帮助组织再生,和可释放出治疗有效量的有效药剂。发明的详细说明
本发明的方法涉及帮助牙周组织的再生。这些方法包括在人或其它动物需要再生牙周组织的牙周部位放置含有生物可吸入的聚合物,可沥出的溶剂和生物可利用的有效药剂的组合物。所述组合物的特征还在于可在与牙周组织接触后硬化从而有效帮助组织再生,和可释放出治疗有效量的有效药剂。
组合物的特定放置位置,和放置方法取决于需要组织再生的牙周部位和放入该部位前组合物的形式。例如,对本发明的方法有用的薄片状的组合物等有形装置形式的组合物可变得更硬,能为组织的再生提供有效支持。关于组合物的特定放置位置,护理牙医或医师可方便地根据特定的需要弥补的牙周组织的损失情况作出决定。组合物的特定形状及其放置位置将取决于对牙根的细察,牙周的缺损,和所需的生长方式,这些都包括在护理专业知识内。
用于本改进方法的液态或粘胶组合物的使用可无需手术去除全部龈组织。本发明的一种可注射的组合物被放在牙齿周围的穴内,靠近牙的表面。如有必要,可在病变部位切一个或一个以上切口,只去除已感染的组织,但需保持从组织到牙表面的牙韧带的完整。如果作了切口,可用常规技术将其缝合。
本发明的可注射的组合物可变成近似于固体,包在牙表面。组合物中的一种或多种有效药剂因基质的耗蚀而缓缓地从聚合物基质中释出,有一些则从基质扩散而出。实际上,对本发明有用的生物可腐蚀的共聚物为组织的生长提供了一种支撑,同时,一种或多种有效药剂则快速地帮助组织愈合。
由于本发明的组分可被生物腐蚀,它们可在1—12星期内被消耗,故无需去除组合物。生物可吸入的聚合物
本文中“生物可吸入的聚合物”指这样一些聚合物,它们可安全用于人或低等动物的口腔,它们因含有可沥出的溶剂而被增溶或增塑并因此在将含有该聚合物的组合物放于牙周组织内时会硬化,它们还可以在牙周组织中缓慢降解。此类聚合物是已知的,包括,例如聚乳酸(“PLA”),聚乙醇酸(“PLG”),聚乳酰—共—乙醇酸(“PLGA”),聚天冬氨酰苯丙氨酸甲酯胺等聚氨基酸,聚氨基葡糖,胶原,聚白蛋白,明胶,和水解动物蛋白,黄原胶和其它水溶性树胶,聚酸酐和聚原酸酯等聚合物和共聚物。优选的是聚乳酸(“PLA”),聚乙醇酸(“PLG”),聚乳酰—共—乙醇酸(“PLGA”)之类的聚合物和共聚物。
用于本发明的最好的生物可吸收的聚合物是含有乙交酯和丙交酯单体混合物的共聚物。乙交酯类最好约占聚合物的15%—85%,以35%—65%最佳,而丙交酯单体则约占聚合物的15%—85%,以35%—65%为佳,以上均为摩尔比。共聚物的分子量的范围一般约为1000—120,000(数均)。这些聚合物的具体描述可见于1984年4月17日颁布的Mattei的美国专利4,443,430,在此全面引作参考。
含有此类共聚物的液态胶状或糊状组合物的一个特点是它们可在水,水性缓冲液,血清,分泌液(crevicular fluid),或其他体液的存在下转化为近乎固体。例如,将这种胶状样品放入含有水或人血清的试管中时,在接受液中的一段该组合物几乎变为固体。据信,这是由于聚(乳酰—共—乙交酯)共聚物不溶于水和可能存在于诸如分泌液中的水性溶剂所致。
所以,虽然这些液态组合物可在需要时方便地通过注射装置而加以使用,它们仍然发挥在治疗部位处成固态装置的无可替换的优点。而且,由于这些聚合物的确会通过水解而缓慢降解,药物组分可由组合物中持续释放而且在组织再生后无需通过手术将其去除。
聚合物通常约占用于本发明方法的组合物/装置的10%—90%,以10%—70%为佳。通常,对于特别优选的含有丙交酯和乙交酯的共聚物来说,丙交酯含量升高,聚合物的需要量就减少。可沥出的溶剂
本文中的“可沥出的溶剂”指一种物质或多种物质的组合,它们可增溶和/增塑生物可吸入的聚合物并可溶于牙周组织,体液或囊液,达到如此的程度,即它们可在聚合组合物被放置在牙周组织内之后从聚合物中沥出。可沥出的溶剂包括,例如,碳酸丙烯酯,甘油三乙酸酯(“triacetin”),柠檬酸三乙基酯(“Citroflex”),和它们的混合物。
一种优选的可沥出的溶剂是碳酸丙烯酯。这是一种商品,在本发明组合物/装置中的用量约为0.1%—90%,以1%—70%为佳,以3%—50%为最佳。如果希望组合物呈胶状或液态而不是固态,可使用更高水平的碳酸丙烯酯,如约25%—90%。
另一种优选的可沥出的溶剂是甘油三乙酸酯(“trisacetin”)。“trisacetin”,化学上亦称为1,2,3—丙三醇三乙酸酯,或甘油三乙酸酯,是一种可购得的商品,系由甘油经乙酰化而制得。其在本发明组合物/装置中的用量约为1%—90%,以1%—70%为佳,以3%—50%为最佳。如果希望组合物呈胶状或液态而不是固态,可使用更高水平的碳酸丙烯酯,如约25%—90%。最优选的是本发明组合物的凝胶形式,通常约含25%—50%的甘油三乙酸酯。
最后,为了调节最终组合物的粘度和/或改变溶剂沥出的速度,可单独使用由柠檬酸三乙酯,碳酸丙烯酯,和/或甘油三乙酸酯构成的混合物或与其它物质联合使用。有效药物
可用于本发明组合物/装置的药物种类各异,为数甚多,包括任何在放入牙周组织后可治疗或预防口腔疾病的药剂。可通过这种方式释放而且具有牙周治疗潜在价值的治疗型药剂包括(但并不限于)杀菌剂,如碘,磺胺,汞制剂,双联胍,或酚类;抗生素,如四环素,新霉素,卡那霉素,2—甲基—5—硝基—1—咪唑基—乙醇,或氯林肯霉素;消炎剂,如阿斯匹林,甲氧萘丙酸,异丁苯丙酸,氟联苯丙酸,消炎痛,丁子香酚,或氢化可的松;免疫抑制或促进剂,如甲氨蝶呤或左咪唑(levamisol);牙齿脱敏剂,如氯化锶或氟化钠;气味遮盖剂,如薄荷油或叶绿素;免疫试剂,如免疫蛋白或抗原;局部麻醉剂,如利多卡因或苯佐卡因;营养素,如氨基酸,必需脂肪,和维生素C;抗氧化剂,如α-维生素E和丁基化的羟基甲苯;脂多糖配位剂,如多粘菌素;过氧化物,如过氧化脲;生长因子,如胰岛素,PDGf(血小板衍生生长因子),BMP(成骨蛋白),PDLgf(牙周韧带向化因子),TGFB(组织生长因子β),类胰岛素生长因子1;或凝血稳定因子,如血纤维蛋白和因子IX复合物。已被认定,在某些形式的治疗中,在相同的释放中联合使用这些药剂可获取最优的疗效。所以,例如,在单一释放系统中可联合使用杀菌剂和消炎剂以获取协同效应。
药剂的用量约占组合物/装置的0.1%—90%,以0.1%—75%为佳,以1%—50%为最佳。例如,组合物/装置可被设计成维持释放药剂在其稳态数均浓度,约为每ml被治疗的牙周部位的体液含10μg—2000μg,以25μg—1500μg为佳,以50μg—500μg为最佳。
稳态释放速度可通过组合物中的成分比的改变而加以变动。优选使用稳态条件是因为考虑到释放延迟和初始的突发效应。例如,以10天的疗程为例,通常在1—3天内才达到稳态。可任选的组分
除这些药效成分外,本发明的组合物/装置还可含有各种可任选的组分。这些组分包括,但不限于,表面活性剂,食用香料,粘度调节剂,配合剂,抗氧化剂,诸如羧甲基纤维素之类的其它聚合物,瓜耳树胶之类的树胶,诸如蓖麻蜡,蓖麻油,甘油,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯和邻苯二甲酸二(2—乙基己基)酯之类的蜡/油,钙盐(如羟基磷灰石;磷酸钙),着色剂,及许多其它物质。一种优选的可任选的组分是胶原,它可以通过定位于组合物所放置的部位处而帮助组织再生。如果使用,这些可任选的组分的含量约占组合物/装置总量的0.1%—20%,以0.5%—5%为佳。
以下实施例进一步描述和说明本发明范围内的实施方法。给出实施例仅以说明为目的而不应被视为是对本发明的限制,因为还可作许多不背离本发明的范围与精神的改变。实施例1—5
以下为可用于本发明方法的注射型组合物的实施例。实施例:    组分                        重量%1.      强力霉素                        15.0
    甘油三乙酸酯                    50.0
    PLGA共聚物                      35.02.      2—甲基—5—硝基—1—咪唑基—乙 10.0
    醇
    血纤维蛋白原(纯化过)            5.0
    PLGA共聚物                      30.0
    柠檬酸三乙酯                    55.03.      二甲胺四环素盐酸盐              25.0
    生长因子:TGFB                  1.0
    血纤维蛋白原(纯化过)            4.0
    PLGA共聚物                      30.0
    碳酸丙烯酯                      40.04.      环丙氟哌酸HCl                   10.0
    热处理过的因子IX复合物          5.0
    PLGA共聚物                      35.0
碳酸丙烯酯    50.05.  四环素HCl     25.0
甲氧萘丙酸    5.0
可溶性胶原    10.0
PLGA共聚物    20.0
碳酸丙烯酯    40.0
将发生牙周病的一颗牙齿的牙床组织从边缘向牙根垂直切开,但不要进一步伤及余留的附属的牙韧带。在牙齿周围形成1—6个这样的切口。根据实施例1—5中的任一个,将含有有效成分的胶状组合物通过一根半柔性导管由一类似注射器的装置注入通过一个或多个靠近牙齿表面的这样的切口中。利用缝合或手术粘合关闭这些切口。
胶状组合物通过硬化在放置部位转化为靠近牙表面的柔性膜。该膜起着支承作用并引导新的牙周组织的生长,同时缓慢释放出有效药剂。在放置本产品的2—8周内,组织的健康状况逐渐恢复正常。本发明的组合中的聚合物会缓慢降解并耗散,无需再一次手术去除该组合物。实施例6—7
以下为根据本发明的,可在需要治疗较大空穴时使用的预成型膜。实施例:    组分:       重量%6      四环素HCl         45.0
   甘油三乙酸酯      6.0
   PLGA共聚物        49.0
7    二甲胺四环素HCl    25.0
 可溶性胶原         8.0
 PLGA共聚物         63.0
 碳酸丙烯酯         4.0
将一根据实施例6或7所述的软性,半固性预成型膜切割成与发生牙周病变的牙齿的周围相匹配的大小和形状。虽然可使用前述为实施例1—5而用的手术切开法,但更方便的是使用手术插片法将预成型膜靠近牙根表面放入,然后缝合牙床组织或利用手术粘合使其闭合。膜在靠近牙根表面被放置后接着就硬化。含于膜中的药剂在1—8周的时间内缓慢释放,在由生物可吸入的膜本身起着引导牙周组织形成的支承作用的同时发挥出药物的作用。

Claims (11)

1.一种组合物的用于帮助人或其它动物的牙周组织再生的使用方法,其特征在于,它包括将含有生物可吸入的聚合物,可沥出的溶剂,和可被生物利用的药剂的组合物放在人或动物需要再生牙周组织的部位,其中所述组合物的特征还在于会在与牙周组织接触后硬化以有效帮助组织再生,和可释放出治疗有效量的药剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的使用方法,其特征还在于,其中的生物可吸入的聚合物选自聚乳酸,聚乙醇酸,聚乳酰—共—乙醇酸,聚氨基酸,聚氨基葡糖,胶原,聚卵蛋白,明胶,水解动物蛋白,水溶性树胶,聚酸酐和聚原酸酯。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的使用方法,其特征还在于,其中的可沥出的溶剂选自碳酸丙烯酯,甘油三乙酸酯,柠檬酸三乙酯,和它们的混合物。
4.根据权利要求1—3所述的使用方法,其特征还在于,其中的可被生物利用的药剂选自杀菌剂,抗生素,消炎剂,免疫-抑制剂,促进剂,牙科脱敏剂,口气遮盖剂,免疫试剂,局部麻醉剂,营养剂,抗氧化剂,脂多糖配合剂,过氧化物,生长因子,凝血稳定因子,和它们的混合物。
5.根据权利要求1—4所述的使用方法,其特征还在于,其中的可被生物利用的药剂选自碘,磺氨,汞制剂,双联胍,酚类,四环素,新霉素,卡那霉素,2—甲基—5—硝基—1—咪唑基—乙醇,或氯林肯霉素,阿斯匹林,甲氧萘丙酸,异丁苯丙酸,氟联苯丙酸,消炎痛,丁子香酚,氢化可的松,甲氨蝶呤或左咪唑(levamisol),氯化锶,氟化钠,薄荷油,叶绿素,免疫蛋白,抗原,利多卡因,苯佐卡因,氨基酸,必需脂肪,维生素C,α维生素E,丁基化的羟基甲苯,多粘菌素,过氧化脲,胰岛素,血小板衍生生长因子,成骨蛋白,牙周韧带向化因子,组织生长因子β,类胰岛素生长因子1,血纤维蛋白和因子IX复合物,以及它们的混合物。
6.根据权利要求1—5所述的使用方法,其特征还在于,其中的生物可吸入的聚合物选自聚乳酸,聚乙醇酸,聚乳酰—共—乙醇酸。
7.一种组合物的用于帮助人或其它动物的牙周组织再生的使用方法,其特征在于,它包括将含有以下成分的组合物放在人或动物需要再生牙周组织的部位:
(a)选自聚乳酸,聚乙醇酸,聚乳酰—共—乙醇酸,聚氨基酸的生物可吸入的聚合物,优选1%—90%的选自聚乳酰—共—乙醇酸的生物可吸入的聚合物。
(b)选自碳酸丙烯酯,甘油三乙酸酯,柠檬酸三乙酯,和它们的混合物的可沥出的溶剂,含量以0.1%—90%为佳;
(c)可被生物利用的药剂,含量以0.1%—90%为佳。其中所述组合物的特征还在于会在与牙周组织接触后硬化以有效帮助组织再生,和可释放出治疗有效量的药剂。
8.根据权利要求7所述的使用方法,其特征还在于,其中的可被生物利用的药剂选自杀菌剂,抗生素,消炎剂,免疫-抑制剂,促进剂,牙科脱敏剂,口气遮盖剂,免疫试剂,局部麻醉剂,营养剂,抗氧化剂,脂多糖配合剂,过氧化物,生长因子,凝血稳定因子,和它们的混合物。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的使用方法,其特征还在于,其中的可被生物利用的药剂选自碘,磺氨,汞制剂,双联胍,酚类,四环素,新霉素,卡那霉素,2—甲基—5—硝基—1—咪唑基—乙醇,或氯林肯霉素,阿斯匹林,甲氧萘丙酸,异丁苯丙酸,氟联苯丙酸,消炎痛,丁子香酚,氢化可的松,甲氨蝶呤或左咪唑(levamisol),氯化锶,氟化钠,薄荷油,叶绿素,免疫蛋白,抗原,利多卡因,苯佐卡因,氨基酸,必需脂肪,维生素C,α维生素E,丁基化的羟基甲苯,多粘菌素,过氧化脲,胰岛素,血小板衍生生长因子,成骨蛋白,牙周韧带向化因子,组织生长因子β,类胰岛素生长因子1,血纤维蛋白和因子IX复合物,以及它们的混合物。
10.根据权利要求7—9所述的使用方法,其特征还在于,包括将液态或粘胶状的可注射组合物通过注射而放入靠近牙表面的需要牙周组织再生的部位。
11.根据权利要求7—10所述的使用方法,其特征还在于,其中的聚乳酰—共—乙醇酸生物可吸入的聚合物约含15%—85%(摩尔)的丙交酯单体和含15%—85%(摩尔)的乙交酯单体;而且其中的共聚物的数均分子量范围约在1000—120,000。
CN94192670A 1993-06-11 1994-05-26 帮助牙周组织再生的方法和组合物 Pending CN1126948A (zh)

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CN102335457A (zh) * 2010-07-28 2012-02-01 郭山辉 用于再生牙齿的组合物
CN103830111A (zh) * 2012-11-26 2014-06-04 韩冰 聚乳酸水凝胶及其用途
CN104939298A (zh) * 2015-05-21 2015-09-30 湖南中烟工业有限责任公司 一种电子烟用雾化剂及电子烟液

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US5447725A (en) 1995-09-05
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CA2164933A1 (en) 1994-12-22
JPH08511528A (ja) 1996-12-03

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