CN106535744A - 牙科共焦成像设备 - Google Patents

牙科共焦成像设备 Download PDF

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CN106535744A
CN106535744A CN201580037043.XA CN201580037043A CN106535744A CN 106535744 A CN106535744 A CN 106535744A CN 201580037043 A CN201580037043 A CN 201580037043A CN 106535744 A CN106535744 A CN 106535744A
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light
guide member
light guide
optical system
plane
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CN106535744B (zh
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优素福·阿缇亚
塔勒·维克尔
尼尔·马克梅尔
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Align Technology Inc
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
    • A61B5/0082—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence adapted for particular medical purposes
    • A61B5/0088—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence adapted for particular medical purposes for oral or dental tissue
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
    • A61B5/0062—Arrangements for scanning
    • A61B5/0068—Confocal scanning
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/45—For evaluating or diagnosing the musculoskeletal system or teeth
    • A61B5/4538—Evaluating a particular part of the muscoloskeletal system or a particular medical condition
    • A61B5/4542—Evaluating the mouth, e.g. the jaw
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C19/00—Dental auxiliary appliances
    • A61C19/04—Measuring instruments specially adapted for dentistry
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C7/00—Orthodontics, i.e. obtaining or maintaining the desired position of teeth, e.g. by straightening, evening, regulating, separating, or by correcting malocclusions
    • A61C7/002—Orthodontic computer assisted systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
    • A61C9/00—Impression cups, i.e. impression trays; Impression methods
    • A61C9/004—Means or methods for taking digitized impressions
    • A61C9/0046—Data acquisition means or methods
    • A61C9/0053—Optical means or methods, e.g. scanning the teeth by a laser or light beam
    • A61C9/0066—Depth determination through adaptive focusing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
    • G01B11/245—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures using a plurality of fixed, simultaneously operating transducers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
    • G02B13/16—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below for use in conjunction with image converters or intensifiers, or for use with projectors, e.g. objectives for projection TV
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B23/00—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices
    • G02B23/24—Instruments or systems for viewing the inside of hollow bodies, e.g. fibrescopes
    • G02B23/2407—Optical details
    • G02B23/2461—Illumination
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/04—Prisms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0005—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being of the fibre type
    • G02B6/0006—Coupling light into the fibre
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/0035—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
    • G02B6/0045—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it by shaping at least a portion of the light guide
    • G02B6/0046—Tapered light guide, e.g. wedge-shaped light guide
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/262—Optical details of coupling light into, or out of, or between fibre ends, e.g. special fibre end shapes or associated optical elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B2210/00—Aspects not specifically covered by any group under G01B, e.g. of wheel alignment, caliper-like sensors
    • G01B2210/50—Using chromatic effects to achieve wavelength-dependent depth resolution
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B2006/0098—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings for scanning

Abstract

一种牙科共焦成像设备，包括：照明模块，其用于产生光束阵列；光学系统，其用于光束阵列的共焦聚焦；以及探头，其具有导光部件，该导光部件具有入射面和出射面。照明模块、光学系统和探头被布置成使得来自照明模块的光束阵列通过光学系统，经由入射面进入导光部件，并且经由出射面离开导光部件。光学系统被配置成使得在已经通过光学系统之后，相对于光学系统的光轴的最外光束的最外边缘光线与光轴平行或对于光轴发散。

Description

牙科共焦成像设备
通过引用并入
本说明书中提及的所有出版物、专利和专利申请通过引用并入本文，其程度如同每个单独的出版物、专利或专利申请被具体地和单独地指明为通过引用而并入。
技术领域
本发明的实施例涉及一种用于牙科共焦成像的方法和设备，例如，用于测量牙齿的表面拓扑结构。
背景技术
在正畸矫正学和假牙修复学领域中，已知不同的方法来确定患者口中的当前牙齿拓扑结构。其中一种方法涉及获取患者的齿列的印模。使用该印模制作代表(阳型)物理牙齿模型的石膏模。然后该物理牙齿模型可以用于随后的治疗计划。
如果要采用CAD(计算机辅助设计)技术和/或CAM(计算机辅助制造)技术，则可以通过扫描获得与牙齿对应的数字数据集。例如，可以使用x射线、计算机断层成像、磁共振成像或者激光扫描设备来扫描或成像石膏模形式的(阳型)物理牙齿模型或印模形式的(阴型)物理牙齿模型。利用如此获得的图像数据，可以建立牙齿或其一部分的计算机模型。然而，这种方法和设备比可能的理想情况耗费时间且更昂贵。
作为替代，可以直接对患者口中的牙齿成像。为此目的，已知不同的成像设备。
利用具有感应面的探头进行非接触成像的现有设备至少在某些方面不太理想。现有的探头装置要比理想的大一些，并且可能具有大的口内前端，这可能使得现有装置至少对于某些情况下的使用不方便。虽然可以使用通过聚焦光学器件的入射光束阵列，但是这种装置的大于理想探头的头部会导致对患者口腔的测量不理想。并且，依赖于光束以在结构上生成照明点的现有装置和沿光路传播的返回光线的强度对于使用和维护而言可能有些麻烦，并且制造成本可能比理想情况稍高。
虽然已经提出了使用三角测量法的三维(3D)数据采集，但是这样的装置可能不如理想的紧凑，并且可能有些难以放置在患者的口中。并且，这样的装置可能需要对准，并且至少在一些情况下可能不如理想的精确和可靠。
鉴于以上情况，需要用于测量诸如口内腔这样的表面的改进的方法和设备。理想地，这样的方法和设备将克服现有方法和设备的至少一些缺陷，并且将更精确、可靠、紧凑，更容易用于患者的口腔，并且比现有装置更便宜。
发明内容
根据实施例，提供一种牙科共焦成像设备，其可以包括：照明模块，其用于产生光束阵列；光学系统，其用于光束阵列的共焦聚焦；以及探头，其具有导光部件，该导光部件具有入射面和出射面。照明模块、光学系统和探头能够被布置为使得来自照明模块的光束阵列通过光学系统，经由入射面进入导光部件，并且经由出射面离开导光部件。本文公开的实施例提供了具有减小的尺寸的探头，其能够辅助测量诸如患者的口腔这样的现有装置难以到达的表面。本文公开的实施例还具有以降低的制造成本提供了改善的精度和可靠性的优点。在多个实施例中，多个光束指向测量表面，其中，多个光束的每个光束都朝着焦点延伸，并且包括主光线。为了减小探头的尺寸并且禁止最外边缘光线的扩散，多个光束的主光线能够在探头与焦点之间互相发散。在多个实施例中，共焦成像系统包括非远心配置，使得离开探头的光束的离轴主光线角度相对于进入探头的边缘光线的角度具有相反的取向，使得基本上能够提供探针的减小的截面尺寸。在多个实施例中，在光轴的任一侧上的每个外光束的横向最外边缘光线沿着基本上平行于光轴的光路并且基本上平行于光轴地延伸，或者从光轴发散地延伸。在多个实施例中，当每个单独的光束朝向焦点会聚时，禁止了光束阵列的横向扩散，并且当焦点移动时能够禁止该扩散。
在第一方面中，实施例提供一种共焦成像设备，其包括：照明模块，其用于产生光束阵列；光学系统，其用于光束阵列的共焦聚焦；以及探头，其具有导光部件，该导光部件具有入射面和出射面。照明模块、光学系统和探头被布置为使得来自照明模块的光束阵列通过光学系统，经由入射面进入导光部件，并且经由出射面离开导光部件。光学系统被配置为使得在已经通过光学系统之后，相对于光学系统的光轴的最外光束的最外边缘光线与光轴平行或对于光轴发散。
在另一方面中，实施例提供一种共焦成像设备，其包括：照明模块，其用于产生光束阵列；光学系统，其用于光束阵列的共焦聚焦；以及探头，其具有导光部件，该导光部件具有入射面和出射面。所述照明模块、所述光学系统和所述探头被布置为使得所述光束阵列的主光线互相发散。
在另一方面中，实施例提供一种共焦成像的方法。设置照明模块用于产生光束阵列。设置用于所述光束阵列的共焦聚焦的光学系统以及具有导光部件的探头，所述导光部件具有光轴和入射面以及出射面。所述光学系统被配置为使得在已经通过所述光学系统之后，在所述探头与所述光束的焦点之间，相对于所述光轴的最外光束的最外边缘光线与所述光轴平行或者关于所述光轴发散。
附图说明
在所附权利要求中具体阐述本发明的新颖特征。通过参考以下详细描述，将获得对本发明的特征和有益效果的更好理解，所述详细描述阐述了其中运用了本发明的原理的说明性实施例，并且附图为：
图1是根据实施例的共焦成像设备的示意图；
图2A是根据实施例的近轴设计的共焦成像设备的光学系统中的光路的示意图；
图2B是根据实施例的厚透镜设计的共焦成像设备的光学系统中的光路的示意图；
图3是根据实施例的被示意性地示出的探头的顶视图；
图4是通过图3中的线A-A的纵截面；以及
图5是根据实施例的通过被示意性地示出的探头的纵截面。
具体实施方式
本文公开的方法和设备能够以许多方式中的一种或多种而被组合，并且非常适合于与表面拓扑结构相关的许多装置组合，诸如组织表面(例如口腔表面)的测量。组织表面可以包括例如口部的一个以上的牙齿的表面。被测量的表面能够由诸如正牙医生和牙医这样的卫生保健提供者使用。
在多个实施例中，光学系统能够被配置为使得在已经通过光学系统之后，相对于光学系统的光轴的最外光束的最外边缘光线与光轴平行或对于光轴发散。在多个实施例中，多个光束以发散的角度离开探头。多个光束中的每一个光束均可以包括从光学系统的光轴发散的主光线。
在多个实施例中，在设备中，为了即使当移动聚焦光学器件的焦平面时，也能避免光束阵列的横向扩展，最外光束的最外边缘光线在离开光学系统之后不会朝向光轴会聚。在多个实施例中，术语“最外”指的是横向于光轴的距离，例如与光轴垂直的距离。在多个实施例中，最外光束或最远离轴的光束包括在垂直于光轴的方向上具有到光轴的最大距离的光束。
该设备可以被配置为用于口腔内共焦成像，诸如用于口腔内共焦成像的设备，其能够用于阳型和/或阴型物理牙齿模型的共聚焦成像。设备可以包括扫描设备。设备的聚焦光学器件可以包括非远心光学器件，使得能够提供在探头入射面处的减少的光线覆盖区。
在多个实施例中，最外光束的最外边缘光线在已经通过光学系统之后相对于光轴发散，并且在最外边缘光线与光轴之间的发散角可以为至多10°，在一些实施例中至多8°，在特定实施例中至多5°。
在多个实施例中，导光部件包括透明本体。透明本体可以包括一种以上的玻璃或塑料，并且可以包括刚性的固体本体，诸如刚性本体。
导光部件可以被布置为使得光束阵列以相对于入射面的大约90°的角度进入导光部件。在一些实施例中，导光部件可以被布置为使得光束阵列经由入射面以90°加减10°的角度而入射，例如90°±8°，并且更特别地90°±5°。
导光部件可以由侧壁界定，并且导光部件的侧壁和入射面可以被布置为使得经由入射面而进入导光部件的每个光束都在经由出射面而离开之前在侧壁上被反射奇数次。在多个实施例中，每个光束都在经由出射面而离开之前在侧壁上被反射三次或五次。每个侧壁和/或出射面和/或入射面都可以是平坦的。
导光部件可以被配置为具有折射率，并且被配置为，入射面及侧壁的布置使得经由入射面而进入的每个光束都以内反射的方式而通过导光部件的至少一个侧壁反射。在多个实施例中，在侧壁处的至少一些反射由诸如全内反射、衰减全内反射或受抑全内反射中的一种以上的这样的内反射产生。可选地或另外地，至少可以通过在侧壁或侧壁的一部分上的反射镜涂层提供一些反射在。
在多个实施例中，导光部件包括一体式本体。
在多个实施例中，导光部件包括：上侧壁，其相对于入射面以锐角布置；下侧壁，其相对于入射面以钝角布置；以及端侧壁，其相对于入射面和/或出射面以锐角布置。上侧壁可以邻接入射面；下侧壁可以邻接入射面，并且/或者端侧壁可以邻接上侧壁和/或下侧壁。端侧壁与上侧壁之间的角度可以是钝角。下侧壁可以包括出射面。
在多个实施例中，端侧壁可以包括反射镜。例如，端侧壁可以包括反射镜涂层。在这样的实施例中，导光部件可以被布置和/或配置为使得经由入射面进入的每个光束以内反射方式而在除了端侧壁之外的所有(其余的)侧壁处被反射。
入射面与下侧壁之间的角度可以在90°与125°之间，特别地，在9°与115°之间。出射面或下侧壁与端侧壁之间的角度可以在20°与45°之间，特别地，在25°与35°之间。入射面与上侧壁之间的角度可以在90°与65°之间，特别地，在90°与80°之间。
出射面可以被透明盖板覆盖。透明盖板可以是玻璃板或塑料板。盖板可以被布置在与出射面有距离的位置。
在多个实施例中，照明模块包括一个光发射器或多个光发射器。一个以上的光发射器可以发射相干光。光发射器可以包括一个或多个激光发射器。在包括一个光发射器的实施例中，照明模块还可以包括扩束元件和/或分束元件，用于将来自光发射器的光束分成多个光束和/或光束阵列。分束元件可以包括衍射光学器件或折射光学器件，诸如光栅或微透镜阵列。
任意上述设备可以包括用于线性偏振光束的偏振器，其中，沿着照明模块与探头之间的光路，特别地，沿着照明模块与光学系统之间的光路，布置偏振器。
任意上述设备可以包括沿着照明模块与光学系统之间的光路布置的分束器，使得来自照明模块的光束阵列通过分束器，并且来自光学模块的返回光束阵列被特别地朝向检测器反射。分束器可以包括半透明反射镜。通过光学系统的来自照明模块的光束可以包括入射光束，并且沿着光路在相反的方向上通过光学系统的光束可以包括返回光束。例如，返回光束阵列可以包括已经被例如牙齿部分这样的要成像的物体反射的光束阵列。
所述的设备还可以包括用于检测返回光束阵列的检测器。检测器可以包括检测器元件阵列。检测器元件可以包括CCD照相机或光电二极管阵列。检测器可以包括分光光度计。
上述设备可以包括焦点移动机构，其用于移动光学系统的焦平面。例如，焦点移动机构可以被配置为沿着光轴移动光学系统的一个以上的透镜。在多个实施例中，焦点移动机构可以包括用于平移光学系统的一个以上的透镜的平移机构。
在多个实施例中，探头包括壳体，其中，导光部件和/或光学系统设置在壳体中。在设置了焦点移动机构的实施例中，焦点移动机构也可以设置在壳体中。
在多个实施例中，探头包括手持装置的部分。例如，光学系统和/或焦点移动机构可以包括手持装置的部分。特别地，手持装置可以由上述壳体界定。
将参考附图描述根据实施例的其它特征。
如本文所使用的，主光线包含光束的中心光线。在多个实施例中，多个光束被导向到要被测量的表面上，其中多个光束的每个光束均包括主光线。
图1示意性地示出根据多个实施例的用于牙齿区段或牙齿部分的牙科共焦成像的设备的实例。牙齿区段可以包括一个牙齿、多个牙齿、牙齿残桩和/或缺失了一个或多个牙齿的部分。例如，设备可以用于牙齿的口腔成像。可选择地，也可以执行阳型或阴型的牙齿模型的成像。
图示的设备包括光发射器1作为相干光源。作为实例，光发射器可以是诸如半导体激光器这样的激光源。
如示出的箭头所表示的，发出的光穿过扩束器2，该扩束器2可以包括准直透镜，从而获得具有期望宽度或数值孔径的平行光束。
可选地，可以沿着光发射器1与扩束器2之间的光路设置诸如偏振滤光器这样的偏振器。
扩束器2之后是光斑阵列发生器元件3，该光斑阵列发生器元件3用于将光束分成光束阵列。以衍射或折射光学器件的形式的光斑阵列发生器元件3可以包括例如光栅或微透镜阵列。
在图示的实例中，光发射器包括单个的光源，来自该光源并且经由扩束器和分束器元件而产生了光束阵列。作为替代，光发射器1可以已经包括了以阵列形式布置的多个光源。在该情况下，直接在光发射器1处产生了光束阵列，从而可以避免使用扩束器和/或分束器。作为实例，光源阵列可以被设置为，例如是半导体激光器的激光源的阵列的形式。
在该实例中，光发射器1、扩束器2和光斑阵列发生器元件3定义了生成光束阵列的照明模块。
为了便于说明而在此处用单线表示的光束的阵列通过半透明反射镜形式的分束器4，并且进入光学系统5。光学系统5包括非远心的共焦透镜器件，这将在下面更详细地描述。
来自光发射器1并且朝向待成像样品(例如，牙齿区段)传播的光束被称为入射光束，而在样本处被反射并沿着入射光束的光路但是在相反的方向上传播的光束被称为返回光束。
在光学系统5之后，入射光束阵列进入探头6。特别地，光束阵列经由导光部件的入射面而耦合到探头的导光部件中。在导光部件中，每个光束在经由出射面而耦合输出到待成像的诸如牙齿区段7这样的物体上之前都被反射几次。以该方式，入射光束阵列被朝着牙齿区段7出射，从而，在牙齿表面上产生光斑阵列。
如牙齿与探头之间的箭头之一所图示的，反射光经由出射面再次进入探头6，特别是其导光部件。以该方式，每个被反射或返回的光束都在与入射光束行进的方向相反的方向上沿着光路行进。因此，返回光束也在探头6的导光部件内被反射几次并且在相反的方向上穿过光学系统5。在半透明反射镜4处，返回的光束被朝着成像光学器件8反射，该成像光学器件8包括一个以上的透镜，其后是针孔阵列9。
然后，返回光束阵列撞击在包括检测器元件阵列的检测器10上。例如，检测器10可以是CCD照相机或光电二极管阵列。每个检测器元件或传感元件都与阵列9中的针孔相对应。
检测器10被连接到处理单元11，在处理单元11处抓取并分析在每个检测器元件中测量的每个光强度。
设备还包括控制单元12，其被连接到光发射器1以及电机13。电机13是用于移动光学系统5的焦平面的焦点移动机构的实例。特别地，电机13连接到光学系统5以沿着光轴移动或平移光学系统的一个以上的透镜。以该方式，焦平面位置可以被改变或移动。
在接收到焦平面的位置已经改变(或者一个以上的透镜已经被移动)的反馈信号之后，控制单元12触发光发射器1以产生光脉冲。处理单元11将抓取如下数据：其表示由检测器10检测到的、与在牙齿部分7处反射的光脉冲相对应的光强度。对于焦平面的多个位置将重复该步骤。
如在WO 00/08415中详细概述的，其全部公开内容通过引用并入本文中，例如，通过针对特定像素而确定其光强度最大的焦平面位置，来确定成像物体(例如，牙齿区段)的表面拓扑结构。以该方式，可以获得例如牙齿区段这样的物体的三维表示。其可以被显示，并且/或者被进一步处理。
光束阵列可以包括具有不同波长的光束。为此目的，光发射器1可以包括发射不同波长的光的不同光源。在具有波长不同的光束的阵列的情况下，检测器可以是具有颜色分辨率的分光光度计。分光光度计的实例是三芯片CCD照相机，或在单色CCD或其它光传感器上使用拜耳滤色片。
通过使用同时被聚焦在不同的焦平面上的具有不同波长的光组分或光束，由于可以同时测量不同的焦平面范围，所以可以减少用于成像的时间。
探头6可以包括壳体。例如，光学系统5和导光部件二者均可以设置在这样的壳体内。壳体可以被构造为手持装置，使得导光部件和/或光学系统5和/或电机13被包括在该手持装置中。
图2A示意性地示出根据多个实施例的光学系统的近轴设计实例，示出了一阶成像配置。在该示意图中，探头6被图示为单个块。在该实例中，(在垂直于光轴的方向上的)中心光束14和最外光束15从源平面16发射。作为实例，参考标号15'和15”表示最外光束15的边缘光线，而参考标号14”'表示中心光束14的主光线。从而，术语“边缘光线”用于传统意义上地表示限定了光束的圆周或包络线的(特定光束的)光线；“主光线”与光束的中心光线相对应。
如在该实例中所示，在已经通过光学系统5之后并且在进入探头6之前，最外光束15的最外边缘光线15”与光轴24平行，并且边缘光线15”与在光轴24上的中心光束的主光线14”'平行。
在完整的光束阵列的情况下，在已经通过光学系统之后并且在进入探头之前，(在光轴的任一边上的)阵列的外光束的最外边缘光线全部与光轴平行。作为该构造的结果，即使当移动阵列的焦平面17时，也很少或不存在光束阵列的横向扩散。
多个光束的每个光束均可以包括主光线。例如，外光束15可以包括从源平面16处的外孔径向焦平面17的焦点延伸的主光线15”'。
作为上述最外光束的最外边缘光线与中心光束的主光线的平行度的替代或者组合，光学系统可以被配置为使得关于光学系统的光轴的最外光束的最外边缘光线相对于光轴是发散的。在多个实施例中，在已经通过光学系统之后，最外光束的最外边缘光线可以展现出相对于光轴的张开的角度。该相对于光轴的发散角度或张开角度最大可以是10°，优选地最大为8°。
在多个实施例中，光学系统的共焦聚焦系统包括非远心光学系统。光学系统能够被配置为使得由最外光束的边缘光线所定义的角度与由相对于光轴的极端离轴(extremeoff-axis)主光线所定义的角度互补。在这样的实施例中，在例如牙齿区段这样的待成像的物体处提供了减少的光线覆盖区。
图2B示意性地示出与图2A的实施例相对应的厚透镜设计实例。此外，在图2B中，根据实施例，为了简单起见，在从照明模块所产生的光束阵列中，仅用虚线示出了一个中心光束14和一个最外光束15。
图3和4分别示意性地示出根据多个实施例的探头的顶视图和(通过线A-A的)截面图。探头6具有导光部件，导光部件具有入射面18和出射面19。来自光发射器和光学系统的光经由入射面18以大约90°的角度，即，基本上垂直于入射面地进入导光部件。例如，入射角可以是90°±10°，优选地为90°±8°。这特别地适用于最外光束的最外边缘光线在已经通过光学系统之后相对于光轴发散的实施例。
如图4中示例性地图示的，布置导光部件，并且以经由入射面18而进入导光部件的每个光束都在侧壁处被反射的方式，使光耦合到导光部件中。在根据图4的实施例中，在光束经由出射面19离开导光部件之前发生三次反射。第一次反射发生在上侧壁20处，上侧壁20与入射面18邻接并且被布置为与入射面18成锐角。第二次反射发生在下侧壁21处，下侧壁21也与入射面18邻接，并且被布置为与入射面18成钝角。最后的反射发生在端侧壁22处，端侧壁22与上侧壁和下侧壁二者邻接。出射面19是下侧壁21的一部分。
端侧壁22包括反射镜，其可以通过导光部件的相应表面的合适的涂层而获取。在这些实施例中，导光部件整体可以包括一体式本体，例如，其包括玻璃本体或透明树脂构成的本体。在上侧壁20和下侧壁21处的第一次和第二次反射可以由内反射产生。
鉴于这些实施例，根据探头的导光部件的一体式形式，探头的导光部件可以以简单的和经济的方式被制造。
如上所述的光学系统的具体构造在保持小的厚度的同时，顾及了长的光导部件和探头，结果改善了口内使用。
在多个实施例中，如图5所示，出射面19可以被透明盖板23覆盖，该透明盖板被布置在离出射面19一定距离处。该盖板23由于卫生原因而可以是可更换的，并且可以包括单次使用组件。
图5所示的实施例提供了更长的导光部件，光束在经由出射面19离开之前沿着该导光部件被反射五次。原则上，任何奇数次的反射都是可能的。
在多个实施例中，例如，多个光束中的每个光束的主光线都以相对于光轴的发散的角度离开出射面19。例如，光束的每个主光线的这种发散都提供了改善的测量，并且能够减少被成像到口腔上的光斑的重叠。例如，如本文所述的光束的边缘光线扩散的减小能够与每个光束的主光线的发散相组合，以便如本文所述提供改进的测量精度。
虽然本文已经示出并描述了本发明的优选实施例，但是对于本领域技术人员明显的是，仅以实例的方式提供这样的实施例。在不脱离本发明的情况下，本领域技术人员会想到许多变型，改变和替换。应理解在实施本发明时可以采用本文所述的本发明实施例的各种替代方案。意图是以下权利要求限定本发明的范围，并且由此涵盖这些权利要求及其等同物的范围内的方法和结构。

Claims (18)

1.一种共焦成像设备，该设备包括：
照明模块，该照明模块用于产生光束阵列；
光学系统，该光学系统用于所述光束阵列的共焦聚焦；以及
探头，该探头具有导光部件，该导光部件具有入射面和出射面，并且
其中，所述照明模块、所述光学系统和所述探头被布置为使得来自所述照明模块的所述光束阵列通过所述光学系统，经由所述入射面进入所述导光部件，并且经由所述出射面离开所述导光部件，
其中，所述光学系统被配置为使得在已经通过所述光学系统之后，相对于所述光学系统的光轴的最外光束的最外边缘光线与光轴平行或关于所述光轴发散。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中，所述导光部件包括透明本体。
3.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中，所述导光部件被布置为使得所述光束阵列以相对于所述入射面的大约90°的角度进入所述导光部件。
4.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中，所述导光部件由侧壁界定，并且所述导光部件被布置为使得经由所述入射面进入所述导光部件的各光束在经由所述出射面离开之前，在所述侧壁上被反射奇数次，特别地，三次或五次。
5.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中，所述导光部件被布置和/或被配置为使得经由所述入射面进入的各光束以内反射的方式而被所述导光部件的至少一个所述侧壁反射。
6.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中，所述导光部件包括一体式本体。
7.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中，所述导光部件包括：上侧壁，例如，该上侧壁与所述入射面邻接，被布置为相对于所述入射面成锐角；下侧壁，例如，该下侧壁与所述入射面邻接，被布置为相对于所述入射面成钝角；以及端侧壁，例如，该端侧壁与所述上侧壁和/或所述下侧壁邻接，被布置为相对于所述入射面和/或所述出射面成锐角。
8.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中，所述端侧壁包括反射镜。
9.根据权利要求7所述的设备，其中，所述入射面与所述下侧壁之间的角度处于90°到125°之间。
10.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中，所述出射面被透明盖板覆盖。
11.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中，所述照明模块包括一个光发射器或多个光发射器，所述光发射器例如是激光发射器。
12.根据权利要求1所述的设备，还包括分束器，该分束器沿着所述照明模块与所述光学系统之间的光路布置，使得来自所述照明模块的所述光束阵列通过所述分束器，并且来自光学模块的返回光束阵列被反射。
13.根据权利要求1所述的设备，还包括检测器，该检测器用于检测返回光束阵列。
14.根据权利要求1所述的设备，还包括焦点移动机构，该焦点移动机构用于移动所述光学系统的焦平面。
15.根据权利要求14所述的设备，其中，所述焦点移动机构被配置为沿着所述光轴移动所述光学系统的一个以上的透镜。
16.一种共焦成像设备，该设备包括：
照明模块，该照明模块用于产生光束阵列；
光学系统，该光学系统用于所述光束阵列的共焦聚焦；以及
探头，该探头具有导光部件，该导光部件具有入射面和出射面，
其中，所述照明模块、所述光学系统和所述探头被布置为使得所述光束阵列的主光线互相发散。
17.根据权利要求16所述的设备，其中，所述光束阵列中的每个光束均定义了各自的主光线和各自的边缘光线，并且其中所述照明模块，所述各边缘光线包括相对于所述各主光线的会聚角，其中，所述光学系统和所述探头被布置为使得所述光束阵列的外光束的主光线包括相对于所述探头的光轴的发散角，并且其中，所述发散角与所述会聚角互补。
18.一种共焦成像的方法，所述方法包括：
设置用于产生光束阵列的照明模块；以及
设置用于所述光束阵列的共焦聚焦的光学系统以及具有导光部件的探头，所述导光部件具有光轴和入射面以及出射面，
其中，所述光学系统被配置为使得在已经通过所述光学系统之后，在所述探头与所述光束的焦点之间，相对于所述光轴的最外光束的最外边缘光线与所述光轴平行或者关于所述光轴发散。
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