CN105096258A - Small part X ray image background suppression method and device thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a small part X ray image background suppression method and a device thereof. The method comprises steps: rough background information is extracted from an original image; according to the rough background information, fine background information is acquired; according to the fine background information, a background image is synthesized; and a full background image is removed from the original image. The device comprises a rough background extraction module, a fine background extraction module, a background image synthesis module and a background removal module. The invention adopts an X ray image background extraction method for small parts, background information in an effective image region can be effectively removed, a display proportion of soft tissues and detail information in the image is enhanced, and the image quality is enhanced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to X-ray digital image processing technology field, particularly relate to a kind of little position X-ray image background suppression method, and the device of the little position X-ray image background suppress utilizing the method to realize.
Background technology
In x-ray imaging process; because radiographic source nisily to be aimed at detector center; usually certain position deviation can be there is; namely result in X-ray beam is not that vertical irradiation is on detector; but there is certain inclination angle; and focus is to the distance difference of flat panel detector diverse location, all cause X ray distribution heterogeneous on the detector.In addition, specific heel effect during high-velocity electrons bombardment plate target generation X ray, X ray the difference in length in filtration path of process, X ray be there is by sweep volume the scattering x-ray photon produced that interacts, all enhance the non-uniform Distribution effect of X ray on flat panel detector.Some reason above-mentioned causes X ray to form one deck low frequency heterogeneous on the detector and throws photograph.When scanning as large parts such as thoracolumbar vertebrae, because the roentgen dose X between scanning corresponding region, position and white space differs greatly, the non-homogeneous throwing of this part does not almost affect according to dose on image.But when little position such as scanning hand, pin etc., due to less by the decay at scanning position, the impact scanning position correlation line strength in some cases does not even throw the impact of shining transmitted intensity as non-homogeneous.Now, non-homogeneous throwing, according to increasing the obvious non-homogeneous background of one deck on image, reduces the contrast difference between tissue in image, reduces the display effect of image, increase the difficulty of diagosis.
Whether the background process mode generally used at present is by arranging a dynamic threshold, be amorphous white space, then compressed by the grey scale pixel value of specific formula to white space, and then reach the object of Background suppression by threshold decision.Generally for the situation preventing and tissue erroneous judgement is decided to be background, all lower to the setting of threshold value, usually there will be the incomplete situation of background suppress, the background intensity after suppression differs, and the soft tissue information of loss part.
Summary of the invention
For above shortcomings part in prior art, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of little position X-ray image background suppression method that can adapt to different situation, utilize the background information synthesis complete background image comprised in the X-ray image of little position, carry out background suppress by background image; And a kind of little position X-ray image background suppress device using the method to realize is provided.
The technical scheme that the present invention is adopted for achieving the above object is: a kind of little position X-ray image background suppression method, comprises the following steps:
A. from original image, extract rough background information image;
B. according to the meticulous background information image of rough background information Image Acquisition;
C. according to meticulous background information Images uniting background image;
D. from original image, remove background image, obtain the image after background suppress.
Described steps A comprises the following steps:
A1. two-dimensional gradient calculating is carried out to original image, obtain absolute gradient image;
A2. in described absolute gradient image, remove the strong marginal information in original image;
A3. the strong organizational information in original image is removed according to the background threshold upper limit;
A4. calculation is shipped to the image after A2 and A3 process, obtain rough background information image.
Described step B comprises the following steps:
B1. line direction filtration is carried out to rough background information image;
B2. column direction filtration is carried out to the image after B1 process;
B3. the residual tissue information in the background information image after B2 process is removed;
B4. remove the inactive line information in the background information image after B3 process, obtain meticulous background information image.
Described step B1 comprises the following steps:
B11. row background information statistics is carried out to rough background information image, extract continuous print background information section, calculate the starting position of continuous background message segment, end position, background information segment length;
B12. from described continuous print background information section, remove the background information section that length is less than predetermined threshold value;
B13. from background information section remaining after B12 process, remove the background information section of derivative exception;
B14. from background information section remaining after B13 process, remove beam-defining clipper block corresponding background information section.
Described step B13 comprises the following steps:
Calculate the background mean value that in background information section, each message segment is corresponding;
Calculate the background information fragment position that background mean value is minimum, be designated as valley message segment;
Differentiate is carried out to the message segment between first background information section to valley message segment, removes the message segment that derivative is greater than 0;
Differentiate is carried out to the message segment between valley message segment to last background information section, removes the message segment that derivative is less than 0.
Described step B14 comprises the following steps:
Distance according to neighboring background message segment calculates the background difference upper limit allowed;
If the background difference of the last period and latter a section is greater than the background difference upper limit, then remove the last period and front all background information sections thereof;
If latter one section is greater than the background difference upper limit with the background difference of the last period, then remove rear one section and background information sections all thereafter.
Described step B3 comprises the following steps:
B31. the histogram that the rough background information image obtained after calculation procedure A is corresponding;
B32. the histogram that the background information image obtained after calculation procedure B2 is corresponding;
B33. the histogram difference ratio in B31 and B32 is calculated;
B34. calculate continuous print difference ratio and all exceed predetermined threshold value, and the background gray levels when number of continuity point also exceedes predetermined threshold value;
B35. from background information image, remove more than the information point of the background gray levels that B34 calculates.
The following rule of described step B4 application confirms that current line background information is invalid:
The information comprised in current line background information is counted and is less than default threshold value;
The position of current line initiation context message segment is greater than default threshold value;
The position that current line stops background information section is less than default threshold value.
Described step C comprises the following steps:
Fitting of a polynomial is carried out to the background of each effective row in meticulous background information image, and utilizes fitting coefficient to calculate the background value of full line;
Column direction matching is carried out to the background value after row matching, and utilizes fitting coefficient to calculate the background value of permutation.
A kind of little position X-ray image background suppress device, comprising:
Rough background extracting module: extract rough background information image for rough from original image;
Meticulous background extracting module: for extracting meticulous background information image in rough background information image basis;
Background image synthesis module: for according to the complete background image of meticulous background information Computer image genration;
Background removal module: for removing background from original image, obtains the image after background suppress.
Described meticulous background extracting module comprises:
Background information filter element: for removing the invalid information section in rough background information image;
Residual tissue clearing cell: for removing the message segment that in background information, residual tissue is corresponding;
Inactive line erasing of information unit: for removing invalid row background information.
Described rough background extracting module carries out two-dimensional gradient calculating to original image, obtains absolute gradient image; Then in described absolute gradient image, remove the strong marginal information in original image; The strong organizational information in original image is removed according to the background threshold upper limit; Calculation is shipped to the image after above-mentioned process, thus obtains rough background information image.
Described background information filter element carries out row background information statistics to rough background information image, extracts continuous print background information section, calculates the starting position of continuous background message segment, end position, background information segment length; The background information section that length is less than predetermined threshold value is removed from described continuous print background information section; Calculate the background mean value that in background information section, each message segment is corresponding; Calculate the background information fragment position that background mean value is minimum, be designated as valley message segment; Differentiate is carried out to the message segment between first background information section to valley message segment, removes the message segment that derivative is greater than 0; Differentiate is carried out to the message segment between valley message segment to last background information section, removes the message segment that derivative is less than 0; Distance according to neighboring background message segment calculates the background difference upper limit allowed; If the background difference of the last period and latter a section is greater than the background difference upper limit, then remove the last period and front all background information sections thereof; If latter one section is greater than the background difference upper limit with the background difference of the last period, then remove rear one section and background information sections all thereafter; Perform aforesaid operations in a column direction.
First described residual tissue clearing cell calculates histogram corresponding to rough background information image, and calculates histogram corresponding to the background information image after the filtration of row, column direction; Calculate above-mentioned histogram difference ratio; Calculate continuous print difference ratio and all exceed predetermined threshold value, and the background gray levels when number of continuity point also exceedes predetermined threshold value; The information point of the background gray levels that B34 calculates is removed more than from background information image.
The following rule of described inactive line erasing of information unit application confirms that current line background information is invalid:
The information comprised in current line background information is counted and is less than default threshold value;
The position of current line initiation context message segment is greater than default threshold value;
The position that current line stops background information section is less than default threshold value.
The background of described background image synthesis module to each effective row in meticulous background information image carries out fitting of a polynomial, and utilizes fitting coefficient to calculate the background value of full line; Again column direction matching is carried out to the background value after row matching, and utilize fitting coefficient to calculate the background value of permutation.
Method and apparatus of the present invention can synthesize complete image background according to the background information comprised in the X-ray image of little position, with this, good inhibition is reached to the background of little position X-ray image, and then reach while reduction technician throws as requested, increase the contrast difference of little position X-ray image tissue, increase the display proportion of soft tissue, promote the object of picture quality.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is heel effect schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is method flow diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is algorithm flow chart of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is device block diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the thick background information image extracted;
Fig. 6 is the background information image that essence is extracted;
Fig. 7 is the background image of the background information Computer image genration extracted by essence;
Fig. 8 be through conventional processing (left figure) and with the image effect comparison diagram after the method for the invention process (right figure).
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further detail.
Current x-ray equipment is all that high-velocity electrons bombardment plate target (normally tungsten target) launched by the cathode filament in bulb produce X ray, X ray not produces at anode target surface, but produces in the inner interaction by its atom and high-velocity electrons of plate target.X ray from during the inside outgoing of plate target the path of process different according to its shooting angle, as shown in Figure 1, this kind of effect is heel effect.According to youth's primary-beer's law I=I
0e
-μ l, namely when material attenuation coefficient is identical, the index of the intensity of ray and the ray path of process is in the material inversely proportional to, and successively decreases gradually in the direction that the X-ray intensity of therefore outgoing from plate target is advanced along high-velocity electrons.Obviously, the X-ray intensity difference that heel effect brings can increase along with the increase of ray coverage.The size of current Medical flat detector is usually at 14 inches to 17 inches, when scanning little position, focus is no more than 1 meter usually to the distance of flat panel detector, can release the angle that heel effect covers thus will more than 20 degree, and it be can not ignore the impact of X-ray intensity distribution.When X ray is after bulb outgoing, when not considering decay, its Strength Changes follows inverse square law I ∝ D
-2, namely transmitted intensity is inversely proportional to the square distance to focus.In X ray traveling process the filtration path of process increase with the increase of x-ray angle, the decay of ray is proportional with the index filtering path again, and then result in the different difference filtering transmitted intensity under path.And X ray can produce scattering after interacting with scanned object, the X ray of scattering then more shows as stochastic distribution.
When carrying out X-ray scanning, above-mentioned several factor produces the inconsistent X ray background of intensity distributions the most in the picture.Decay when carrying out large part scanning due to position is comparatively large, and the shared in the picture proportion of background is less, and its scope covered is also less simultaneously, and after conventional processing, background just can eliminate substantially on the impact of picture quality.But when carrying out the shooting of little position, because the decay at little position is very little, the attenuation change at position is also less than the change of background intensity even sometimes, and background intensity difference is just very important to the quality influence of image in this case.
Little position of the present invention radioscopic image background suppression method is mainly divided into background extracting and background suppress two parts, and method flow as shown in Figure 2
A, from original image, extract rough background information image;
B, according to the meticulous background information image of rough background information Image Acquisition;
C, according to meticulous background information Images uniting background image;
D, from original image, remove background image, obtain the image after background suppress.
Specific algorithm flow process of the present invention is as shown in Figure 3:
Step 301. obtains absolute gradient image, first in the row direction according to the row interval c preset
gapcalculate row absolute gradient image img
grad(r, c):
img
grad(r,c)＝|img(r,c)-img(r,c+c
gap)|
Wherein, img represents original image, and img (r, c) represents that in original image, r is capable, the pixel value of c row.
And then according to the between-line spacing r preset on the basis of gradient image of being expert at
gapcalculate final absolute gradient image img
grad:
img
grad＝|img
grad(r,c)-img
grad(r+r
gap,c)|
Step 302. is by absolute gradient image img
gradin exceed default strong edge threshold grad_gt pixel be set to 0, represent and remove this pixel, obtain image img
no_eedge.
Step 303. organizes by force the pixel of threshold value tissue_gt to be set to 0 by exceeding in original image img to preset, and represents and removes this pixel, obtain image img
no_etissue.
Step 304. is passed through image img
no_eedgewith image img
no_etissuein the pixel set that comprises carry out friendship operation, obtain rough background information image img
rough, image effect as shown in Figure 5:
img
rough＝img
no_eedge∩img
no_etissue
Step 305. carries out line direction filtration to rough background information image: first by img
roughassignment is to img
tmp, retain original rough background information image img
rough.Add up rough background image img
tmpthe pixel value of middle current line, removes isolated point, extracts the starting position seg_st of continuous segment
i, end position seg_ed
iand continuous segment length seg_len
i.
Background information section liaison segment length being less than predetermined threshold value seg_gt is removed, by img
tmpseg_st in corresponding row
ito seg_ed
icorresponding pixel point value is set to 0.
Calculate the average seg_mean of each section in residue section
i, get the section at mean-min place, be designated as valley message segment seg
valley.To first background information section to valley message segment seg
valleybetween background information differentiate:
Remove derivative dev
ibe greater than the background information section of 0 correspondence.Utilize above formula again to valley message segment seg
valleycarry out differentiate to final stage background information, then remove dev
ibe less than the background information section of 0 correspondence.
In remaining background information section, to get in neighbor information section last some c_ed in last message segment
iand background value val_ed
i, and first some c_st in a rear message segment
i+1and background value val_st
i+1, calculate the amplitude of variation rate of adjacent segment and the upper limit threshold of permission:
change_ratio_gt＝(c_ed
i-c_st
i+1)×adj_coef
Wherein, adj_coef is effective spreading coefficient.If amplitude of variation rate change_ratio is greater than the upper limit threshold change_ratio_gt of permission, then remove i-th message segment and message segment above thereof, if instead amplitude of variation rate change_ratio is less than the lower threshold-change_ratio_gt of permission, then remove the i-th+1 message segment and message segment below thereof.
After aforesaid operations is completed to current line, successively aforesaid operations is performed to remaining rows, until all provisional capitals are covered to, now obtain the image img after upgrading
tmp.
Step 306. couple image img
tmpeach row perform processing procedure described in step 305, go over until all row are all processed, now again obtain the image img after upgrading
tmp.
Step 307. removes image img
tmpin residual tissue information.First calculate img
roughhistogram hist
rough, then calculate img
tmphistogram hist
tmp, calculate two histogrammic difference ratios:
At hist
dif_ratioin search and continue to exceed predetermined threshold value tissue_ratio_lt, and the position tissue_lt when number that liaison exceedes the point of threshold value tissue_ratio_lt also exceedes predetermined threshold value len_lt, remove img
tmpmiddle gray-scale value is more than the pixel of tissue_lt.
Step 308. removes img
tmpin inactive line information.Below meeting, 3 rules think the background information that the behavior is invalid for the moment, and specific rules is as follows:
The information comprised in current line background information is counted and is less than default threshold value;
The position of current line initiation context message segment is greater than default threshold value;
The position that current line stops background information section is less than default threshold value.
Image after above-mentioned process is meticulous background image img
fine, as shown in Figure 6.
Step 309. carries out line direction matching, to meticulous background img
fineevery a line information of middle existence carries out fitting of a polynomial, uses second order polynomial fit in the present embodiment, and then generates target line information with fitting coefficient.
Step 310. carries out column direction matching, to completing the meticulous background image img after line direction matching
finein each column information carry out fitting of a polynomial, use second order polynomial fit equally in the present embodiment, and then generate target column information with fitting coefficient, after above-mentioned process, namely obtain desirable background image, as shown in Figure 7.
Step 311. is subtracting background image and then images after obtaining background suppress from original image, as shown in right in Figure 8.
As shown in Figure 4, in apparatus of the present invention embodiment, the working method of each module and unit is corresponding with method operation steps in embodiment of the method, repeats no more here.
Module described in the embodiment of the present invention and unit or can may not be physics to be separated, and part or all of module wherein can be selected according to the actual needs to reach the object of the present embodiment scheme.According to above-mentioned steps of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art, when not paying creative work, is namely appreciated that and implements.
Claims (16)
1. a little position X-ray image background suppression method, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
A. from original image, extract rough background information image;
B. according to the meticulous background information image of rough background information Image Acquisition;
C. according to meticulous background information Images uniting background image;
D. from original image, remove background image, obtain the image after background suppress.
2. one according to claim 1 little position X-ray image background suppression method, is characterized in that, described steps A comprises the following steps:
A1. two-dimensional gradient calculating is carried out to original image, obtain absolute gradient image;
A2. in described absolute gradient image, remove the strong marginal information in original image;
A3. the strong organizational information in original image is removed according to the background threshold upper limit;
A4. calculation is shipped to the image after A2 and A3 process, obtain rough background information image.
3. one according to claim 1 little position X-ray image background suppression method, is characterized in that, described step B comprises the following steps:
B1. line direction filtration is carried out to rough background information image;
B2. column direction filtration is carried out to the image after B1 process;
B3. the residual tissue information in the background information image after B2 process is removed;
B4. remove the inactive line information in the background information image after B3 process, obtain meticulous background information image.
4. one according to claim 3 little position X-ray image background suppression method, is characterized in that, described step B1 comprises the following steps:
B11. row background information statistics is carried out to rough background information image, extract continuous print background information section, calculate the starting position of continuous background message segment, end position, background information segment length;
B12. from described continuous print background information section, remove the background information section that length is less than predetermined threshold value;
B13. from background information section remaining after B12 process, remove the background information section of derivative exception;
B14. from background information section remaining after B13 process, remove beam-defining clipper block corresponding background information section.
5. one according to claim 4 little position X-ray image background suppression method, is characterized in that, described step B13 comprises the following steps:
Calculate the background mean value that in background information section, each message segment is corresponding;
Calculate the background information fragment position that background mean value is minimum, be designated as valley message segment;
Differentiate is carried out to the message segment between first background information section to valley message segment, removes the message segment that derivative is greater than 0;
Differentiate is carried out to the message segment between valley message segment to last background information section, removes the message segment that derivative is less than 0.
6. one according to claim 4 little position X-ray image background suppression method, is characterized in that, described step B14 comprises the following steps:
Distance according to neighboring background message segment calculates the background difference upper limit allowed;
If the background difference of the last period and latter a section is greater than the background difference upper limit, then remove the last period and front all background information sections thereof;
If latter one section is greater than the background difference upper limit with the background difference of the last period, then remove rear one section and background information sections all thereafter.
7. one according to claim 3 little position X-ray image background suppression method, is characterized in that, described step B3 comprises the following steps:
B31. the histogram that the rough background information image obtained after calculation procedure A is corresponding;
B32. the histogram that the background information image obtained after calculation procedure B2 is corresponding;
B33. the histogram difference ratio in B31 and B32 is calculated;
B34. calculate continuous print difference ratio and all exceed predetermined threshold value, and the background gray levels when number of continuity point also exceedes predetermined threshold value;
B35. from background information image, remove more than the information point of the background gray levels that B34 calculates.
8. one according to claim 3 little position X-ray image background suppression method, is characterized in that, the following rule of described step B4 application confirms that current line background information is invalid:
The information comprised in current line background information is counted and is less than default threshold value;
The position of current line initiation context message segment is greater than default threshold value;
The position that current line stops background information section is less than default threshold value.
9. one according to claim 1 little position X-ray image background suppression method, is characterized in that, described step C comprises the following steps:
Fitting of a polynomial is carried out to the background of each effective row in meticulous background information image, and utilizes fitting coefficient to calculate the background value of full line;
Column direction matching is carried out to the background value after row matching, and utilizes fitting coefficient to calculate the background value of permutation.
10. a little position X-ray image background suppress device, is characterized in that, comprising:
Rough background extracting module: extract rough background information image for rough from original image;
Meticulous background extracting module: for extracting meticulous background information image in rough background information image basis;
Background image synthesis module: for according to the complete background image of meticulous background information Computer image genration;
Background removal module: for removing background from original image, obtains the image after background suppress.
11. a kind of X-ray image background suppress devices according to claim 10, it is characterized in that, described meticulous background extracting module comprises:
Background information filter element: for removing the invalid information section in rough background information image;
Residual tissue clearing cell: for removing the message segment that in background information, residual tissue is corresponding;
Inactive line erasing of information unit: for removing invalid row background information.
12. a kind of X-ray image background suppress devices according to claim 10, it is characterized in that, described rough background extracting module carries out two-dimensional gradient calculating to original image, obtains absolute gradient image; Then in described absolute gradient image, remove the strong marginal information in original image; The strong organizational information in original image is removed according to the background threshold upper limit; Calculation is shipped to the image after above-mentioned process, thus obtains rough background information image.
13. a kind of X-ray image background suppress devices according to claim 11, it is characterized in that, described background information filter element carries out row background information statistics to rough background information image, extract continuous print background information section, calculate the starting position of continuous background message segment, end position, background information segment length; The background information section that length is less than predetermined threshold value is removed from described continuous print background information section; Calculate the background mean value that in background information section, each message segment is corresponding; Calculate the background information fragment position that background mean value is minimum, be designated as valley message segment; Differentiate is carried out to the message segment between first background information section to valley message segment, removes the message segment that derivative is greater than 0; Differentiate is carried out to the message segment between valley message segment to last background information section, removes the message segment that derivative is less than 0; Distance according to neighboring background message segment calculates the background difference upper limit allowed; If the background difference of the last period and latter a section is greater than the background difference upper limit, then remove the last period and front all background information sections thereof; If latter one section is greater than the background difference upper limit with the background difference of the last period, then remove rear one section and background information sections all thereafter; Perform aforesaid operations in a column direction.
14. a kind of X-ray image background suppress devices according to claim 11, it is characterized in that, first described residual tissue clearing cell calculates histogram corresponding to rough background information image, and calculates histogram corresponding to the background information image after the filtration of row, column direction; Calculate above-mentioned histogram difference ratio; Calculate continuous print difference ratio and all exceed predetermined threshold value, and the background gray levels when number of continuity point also exceedes predetermined threshold value; The information point of the background gray levels that B34 calculates is removed more than from background information image.
15. a kind of X-ray image background suppress devices according to claim 11, is characterized in that, the following rule of described inactive line erasing of information unit application confirms that current line background information is invalid:
The information comprised in current line background information is counted and is less than default threshold value;
The position of current line initiation context message segment is greater than default threshold value;
The position that current line stops background information section is less than default threshold value.
16. a kind of X-ray image background suppress devices according to claim 10, it is characterized in that, the background of described background image synthesis module to each effective row in meticulous background information image carries out fitting of a polynomial, and utilizes fitting coefficient to calculate the background value of full line; Again column direction matching is carried out to the background value after row matching, and utilize fitting coefficient to calculate the background value of permutation.
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