CN102632605A - Method for carrying out laser heating forming on plate by clamping - Google Patents
Method for carrying out laser heating forming on plate by clamping Download PDFInfo
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- CN102632605A CN102632605A CN2012100978636A CN201210097863A CN102632605A CN 102632605 A CN102632605 A CN 102632605A CN 2012100978636 A CN2012100978636 A CN 2012100978636A CN 201210097863 A CN201210097863 A CN 201210097863A CN 102632605 A CN102632605 A CN 102632605A
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Abstract
The invention provides a new processing method for carrying out high-precision laser heating forming. The method mainly improves the forming precision by utilizing a way of initiatively adjusting the geometric constraint on plates to restrain a boundary effect and, and has the characteristics of high precision, easy for realization and the like compared with the prior art. A unilateral-clamping asymmetric restraint manner is adopted in the prior art, and the method disclosed by the invention adopts a symmetrical restraint manner on two-side clamping of two ends of a clamping scanning line by using specific clamping positions, a specific clamping way, specific clamp sizes and the like. By adopting the method for carrying out the laser heating forming on the plates by clamping, the rate of change of a bending angle used in the laser heating forming can be reduced to 2%-5% from the original 15%-25%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the hot formed method of a kind of plate with laser, can suppress " boundary effect " that the sheet material hot forming is taken place, improve the hot formed precision of laser, belong to technical field of laser processing.
Background technology
Plate with laser hot forming technology is as a kind of new sheet material forming process; Laser technology is incorporated in the plastic forming technology, utilizes high energy laser beam local heat material surface, bring out inhomogeneous thermal stress; Make the material production plastic deformation, thereby obtain required target shape.Compare with traditional cold forming technology such as drawing, LASER HEAT is shaped to have and need not mould and external force, flexible big, with short production cycle, the advantage that is particularly suitable for difficult moulding material shaping such as many kinds, small lot, high rigidity, high fragility.LASER HEAT be shaped the bending not only can accomplish sheet material, curl, technology such as shallow stretching, also can carry out the uncoiling of contraflexure, smoothing or the roll bending of bent plate, and the bending of square tube or pipe, reducing, bulging etc.For fields such as Aero-Space, medical treatment, microelectronics, household electrical appliances, has great application prospect.
At present, LASER HEAT shaping research is main with laser linear scanning mainly.Laser beam scans at plate surface along straight line, and desirable distortion is that sheet material produces along evenly bending of scan line behind the end of scan, and actual angle of bend is different along scan line, shown in Fig. 1 (a) and (b).This angle of bend is called " boundary effect " along the inconsistent phenomenon of scan line.The existence of " boundary effect " phenomenon has had a strong impact on the precision that is shaped, and the application that causes LASER HEAT to be formed in the occasion of the precision of having relatively high expectations such as aviation, medical treatment, microelectronics is restricted.
The index of LASER HEAT forming accuracy mainly is the rate of change (the angle of bend difference is divided by average angle of bend) of bent angle alpha.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiency of existing LASER HEAT forming technology, invented a kind of novel LASER HEAT shaping technological method for processing.When this technology keeps the advantage of original processing technology, fully suppress " boundary effect ", improve the hot formed precision of laser greatly.
The be shaped reason of " boundary effect " of LASER HEAT mainly is: the even sheet material of maximum temperature skewness on the scan line is uneven in the lateral confinement of scan-line direction, and lateral confinement inhomogeneous be leading factor.Therefore, distribute through initiatively adjusting the hot formed temperature field of laser, or change sheet material suppresses " boundary effect " in the lateral confinement of scan-line direction.Because receive the restriction of sheet material fusing point, the adjusting range in temperature field is less, limited to the adjustment capability that angle of bend distributes, thus consideration changes the lateral confinement of sheet material.Yet the geometry of workpiece can't change, and therefore can only change the suffered geometrical constraint of thin plate through method of clamping, the chucking power that changes sheet material.
The present invention realizes through following technical scheme:
The invention provides a kind of clamping sheet material and carry out the method that LASER HEATING is shaped, may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, with the surface to be scanned of industrial alcohol cleaning sheet material, evenly smear charcoal blacking improving the energy absorption coefficient of material in scanning area, and to the processing of polishing of sheet material scan line both sides; Wherein said scanning area is the interior zone of width of each 5 spot diameter of scan line both sides.
The inswept whole piece scan line of laser when step 3, scanning treats that sheet material cools off recession fully and removes anchor clamps.
In a further embodiment, the smearing thickness of charcoal blacking is 0.2mm.
In a further embodiment, spot diameter is 6mm.
In a further embodiment, the sweep speed 30mm/s of laser.
The invention provides the hot formed new machining method of laser high-precision, mainly is to utilize the geometrical constraint initiatively adjust sheet material, suppresses " boundary effect ", improves forming accuracy, and with former compared with techniques, it is high and be easy to characteristics such as realization to have precision.Prior art adopts the asymmetric the way of restraint of monolateral clamping, and like Fig. 2, and the present invention adopts specific clip position, method of clamping, grip size etc., and the sandwich at clamping scan line two ends has been adopted the symmetry constraint mode.Visible in the contrast test data from Fig. 4 and Fig. 5; Employing clamping sheet material according to the present invention carries out the method that LASER HEATING is shaped; Laser is hot formed to drop to 2%～5% with the angle of bend rate of change by original 15%～25%, has very significant technique effect.It is pointed out that these settings and parameter in the method for the present invention are most important for realization effect of the present invention, and be not the common practise or the conventional means of this area.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is " boundary effect " sketch map.(a) be LASER HEATING shaping perfect condition, bent angle alpha is invariable, and β is zero, is LASER HEATING shaping actual conditions (b), and α changes along scan line, and β is non-vanishing.
Fig. 2 is the sketch map of monolateral clamping in the prior art.
Fig. 3 is according to sandwich sketch map of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the angle of bend contrast of ANSI304 stainless steel under monolateral clamping, sandwich of 60mm * 60mm * 2mm.
Fig. 5 is the angle of bend contrast of ANSI304 stainless steel under monolateral clamping, sandwich of 40mm * 40mm * 2mm.
The specific embodiment
The preliminary treatment of sheet material: comprise inspection sheet material 1 surface quality, guarantee defectives such as sheet material no marking, prebuckling; With industrial alcohol the surface to be scanned of sheet material is cleaned, prevented the impurity effect energy absorption coefficient, reduce hot formed precision; Confirm scanning area (being generally the zone in the width of each five spot diameter of scan line both sides), the carbon black coating that evenly applies 0.2mm in scanning area then to be improving the material energy absorption coefficient, and makes the coating bone dry; Polishing in sheet material side to the scan line two ends, is beneficial to the accurate clamping of anchor clamps.
The requirement of anchor clamps: two briquettings about anchor clamps comprise, and: 1) width of briquetting greater than etc. five sheet metal thicknesses, thickness is greater than two sheet metal thicknesses, length is greater than ten sheet metal thicknesses; 2) hardness of briquetting is smooth greater than sheet material and contact-making surface.
The mode of sandwich: 1) the contact width scope of left and right sides briquetting and sheet material is at 5～10 sheet metal thicknesses, and the briquetting upper surface is set to be higher than 1～2 sheet metal thickness of sheet material upper surface; Left and right sides briquetting retrains the two ends of sheet material scan line simultaneously, and the chucking power equal and opposite in direction is in the opposite direction, and clamping back sheet material predeformation should be less than 0.1mm; 2) two briquettings are in full accord along the projection of scan-line direction about, and scan line will be positioned at the geometric center of briquetting.
Embodiment 1: to physical dimension is that the ANSI304 stainless steel materials 1 of 60mm * 60mm * 2mm scans laser power 1000W, spot diameter 6mm, sweep speed 30mm/s.
Sheet material 1 is adopted the mode according to sandwich of the present invention, and anchor clamps 2, the method for clamping that uses the present invention to require is constraint sheet material scan line 3 two ends, limits it the moving of scan line 3 directions, and be as shown in Figure 3; Employing uniform velocity 30mm/s along scan line 3, skims over sheet material from sheet material 1 one ends fully, and after treating fully to cool off, sheet material measurement is around the angle of bend of scan line 3;
Verify for the technique effect that sandwich sheet material according to the present invention is carried out the method that LASER HEATING is shaped, carried out contrast test with the method for monolateral clamping of the prior art:
Sheet material 1 is adopted the mode of monolateral clamping of the prior art, the free margins that anchor clamps clamping and scan line 3 are parallel, the clamping degree of depth is 2～5mm, and is as shown in Figure 2; Employing uniform velocity 30mm/s along scan line 3, skims over sheet material 1 from sheet material 1 one ends fully, and after treating fully to cool off, sheet material measurement 1 is around the angle of bend of scan line 3;
Final two sheet materials are as shown in Figure 4 around the angle of bend of scan line; Adopting the average angle of bend of the sheet material of monolateral clamp method processing is 1.87 °; Angle of bend rate of change (the angle of bend difference is divided by average angle of bend, and it is worth, and the bright forming accuracy of novel is high more more) is 17.6%; Employing is 2.00 ° according to the average angle of bend of the sheet material of bilateral clamp method processing of the present invention, and the angle of bend rate of change drops to 2.06%.This shows that the method that sandwich sheet material according to the present invention carries out the LASER HEATING shaping not only can improve the laser forming precision, can also increase angle of bend, improves the hot formed efficient of laser.
Embodiment 2: to physical dimension is that the ANSI304 stainless steel materials 1 of 40mm * 40mm * 2mm scans laser power 1000W, spot diameter 6mm, sweep speed 30mm/s.Adopt and embodiment 1 identical operations step, sheet material 1 is processed.The method of same in addition employing monolateral clamping of the prior art has been carried out contrast test.
The final angle of bend of sheet material is as shown in Figure 5.The average angle of bend that adopts the sheet material of monolateral clamping is 1.11 °, and the angle of bend rate of change is 25.53%; And adopt the average angle of bend according to the sheet material of bilateral clamp method of the present invention is 1.28 °, and the angle of bend rate of change drops to 4.85%.The result of the test of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 shows that to the LASER HEAT shaping of different size sheet material, sandwich technology of the present invention also can suppress " boundary effect ", improves LASER HEAT forming accuracy and efficient, possesses universality.
Claims (3)
1. a clamping sheet material carries out the method that LASER HEATING is shaped, and may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, with the surface to be scanned of industrial alcohol cleaning sheet material, evenly smear the thick charcoal blacking of 0.2mm improving the energy absorption coefficient of material in scanning area, and to the processing of polishing of sheet material scan line both sides; Wherein said scanning area is the interior zone of width of each 5 spot diameter of scan line both sides.
Step 2, will pass through the sheet material that step 1 handles and lie against on the work top, and be clamped in the initial two ends of sheet material scan line then with the anchor clamps of two briquettings about comprising respectively, wherein the contact width scope of briquetting and sheet material is at 5～10 sheet metal thicknesses; The briquetting upper surface is set to be higher than 1～2 sheet metal thickness of sheet material upper surface, during clamping about two briquettings constrain in the two ends of sheet material scan line, chucking power equal and opposite in direction simultaneously; In the opposite direction; Two briquettings are in full accord along the projection of scan-line direction, and scan line is positioned at the geometric center of briquetting, and the predeformation amount that clamps back sheet material is less than 0.1mm; Sheet material still keeps level; Wherein the width of briquetting is greater than 5 sheet metal thicknesses, and the thickness of briquetting is greater than 2 sheet metal thicknesses, and the length of briquetting is greater than 10 sheet metal thicknesses; The hardness of briquetting is greater than the hardness of sheet material.
The inswept whole piece scan line of laser when step 3, scanning treats that sheet material cools off recession fully and removes anchor clamps.
2. clamping sheet material according to claim 1 carries out the method that LASER HEATING is shaped, and wherein said spot diameter is 6mm.
3. clamping sheet material according to claim 1 carries out the method that LASER HEATING is shaped, the sweep speed 30mm/s of wherein said laser.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210097863.6A CN102632605B (en) | 2012-04-05 | 2012-04-05 | Method for carrying out laser heating forming on plate by clamping |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210097863.6A CN102632605B (en) | 2012-04-05 | 2012-04-05 | Method for carrying out laser heating forming on plate by clamping |
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| CN102632605A true CN102632605A (en) | 2012-08-15 |
| CN102632605B CN102632605B (en) | 2014-05-21 |
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| CN201210097863.6A Expired - Fee Related CN102632605B (en) | 2012-04-05 | 2012-04-05 | Method for carrying out laser heating forming on plate by clamping |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103111496A (en) * | 2012-12-26 | 2013-05-22 | 宁波市瑞通新材料科技有限公司 | Progressive bending sheet metal |
| CN105057409A (en) * | 2015-08-03 | 2015-11-18 | 湖北鸿路钢结构有限公司 | Method capable of eliminating fringe effect and oxidation of titanium alloy sheet in laser forming |
| CN106001946A (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2016-10-12 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Laser forming method for lightweight structural plate |
| CN106424324A (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2017-02-22 | 华南师范大学 | Laser segment-scanning plate bending forming device and method |
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| JPS557465A (en) * | 1978-07-03 | 1980-01-19 | Daiken Trade & Ind Co Ltd | Production of dress board |
| JPH0557465A (en) * | 1991-08-28 | 1993-03-09 | Fujitsu Ltd | Method and device for bending metallic plate by laser beam |
| US5359872A (en) * | 1991-08-29 | 1994-11-01 | Okuma Corporation | Method and apparatus for sheet-metal processing |
| CN1307947A (en) * | 2001-02-19 | 2001-08-15 | 李文川 | Metal-deforming laser method |
| CN101559539A (en) * | 2009-05-19 | 2009-10-21 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Sheet metal laser high-precision hot-bending forming |
| JP2011073013A (en) * | 2009-09-29 | 2011-04-14 | Tokyu Car Corp | Method of machining metallic plate |
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2012
- 2012-04-05 CN CN201210097863.6A patent/CN102632605B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS557465A (en) * | 1978-07-03 | 1980-01-19 | Daiken Trade & Ind Co Ltd | Production of dress board |
| JPH0557465A (en) * | 1991-08-28 | 1993-03-09 | Fujitsu Ltd | Method and device for bending metallic plate by laser beam |
| US5359872A (en) * | 1991-08-29 | 1994-11-01 | Okuma Corporation | Method and apparatus for sheet-metal processing |
| CN1307947A (en) * | 2001-02-19 | 2001-08-15 | 李文川 | Metal-deforming laser method |
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| JP2011073013A (en) * | 2009-09-29 | 2011-04-14 | Tokyu Car Corp | Method of machining metallic plate |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103111496A (en) * | 2012-12-26 | 2013-05-22 | 宁波市瑞通新材料科技有限公司 | Progressive bending sheet metal |
| CN103111496B (en) * | 2012-12-26 | 2015-06-03 | 宁波市博祥新材料科技有限公司 | Progressive bending sheet metal |
| CN105057409A (en) * | 2015-08-03 | 2015-11-18 | 湖北鸿路钢结构有限公司 | Method capable of eliminating fringe effect and oxidation of titanium alloy sheet in laser forming |
| CN106001946A (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2016-10-12 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Laser forming method for lightweight structural plate |
| CN106424324A (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2017-02-22 | 华南师范大学 | Laser segment-scanning plate bending forming device and method |
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| CN102632605B (en) | 2014-05-21 |
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Granted publication date: 20140521 Termination date: 20170405 |