CA2079698C - An unbreakable disposable photocuring guide - Google Patents
An unbreakable disposable photocuring guideInfo
- Publication number
- CA2079698C CA2079698C CA002079698A CA2079698A CA2079698C CA 2079698 C CA2079698 C CA 2079698C CA 002079698 A CA002079698 A CA 002079698A CA 2079698 A CA2079698 A CA 2079698A CA 2079698 C CA2079698 C CA 2079698C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- light
- guide
- curing
- rod member
- disposable
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61C—DENTISTRY; APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR ORAL OR DENTAL HYGIENE
- A61C19/00—Dental auxiliary appliances
- A61C19/003—Apparatus for curing resins by radiation
- A61C19/004—Hand-held apparatus, e.g. guns
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
Abstract
A disposable dental curing light guide or can be made of a low cost polymer. The light guide can be radioactively sterilized and packed in a sterilized dispensing envelope to maintain it in a sterilized and clean state. The light guide can provide satisfactory transmission of light between 400nm and 500nm for dental curing purposes.
Description
~o~~~
This invention relates to a light curing device and in particular to a disposable light guide or probe suitable for.
dental curing purposes.
In photocuring, particularly fo.r dental photocuring purposes, commonly a stationary or portable light generating device is used. For. convenience in manipulation, in the portable light generating device, light is provided by a hand-held gun unit which generates the light suitable for dental curing. The gun unit may be operated by alternating current power or. by direct current power supplied by a rechargeable battery power.. A relatively short light guide or probe is removably mounted at the front end of the gun unit for transmitting the curing light from the gun unit to the location at which photocuring is required. For a system with a :15 stationary light generating device, the light is transmitted from the light generator by an elongated flexible guide to the curing location. A short guide or probe again may be adapted at the free end of the elongated light guide fox carrying out the light curing operation at a location remote from the stationary light generator) The short probe or gu:i.de is made of a plurality of optical fibres fused in a glass cladding which maintains the optical fibres in a compact composite bundle. The composite bundle is then covered in a protective sheathing material which also prevents the light travelling through the guide from leaking through its peripheral surface.
Silicon or glass or metal is commonly used as the sheathing material for. such guides. Such guide or probe construction is, for, example) shown in U.S. Patent No. 4,846,546 by Joseph Cuda. The main drawbacks of such common guide or probe are that they are expensive and difficult to fabricate; and ~0'~9~~~
furthermore, the sheathing and cladding deteriorate rapidly under repeated autoclaving sterilization operation particularly when the sterilization operation may nat be properly carried out in a general dental affice. The sterilization is essential to prevent the transmission of disease virus from a contaminated probe to a patient. Also, such glass cladded probe or guide, particularly after subjected to repeated autoclaving sterilization operations, is breakable, so that it presents a hazard to the patient during use as the breakage of the glass components can occur when the probe is located in the patient's mouth cavity.
The principal object of the present invention is to provide a light curing guide which is simple in construction and is easy to produce.
Another. object of the present invention is to provide a light curing guide which is inexpensive to produce such that it is disposable after use.
Another object o.f the present invention is to provide a light curing guide which is pre-sterilized and packed in a sterilized packaging such that at does not require sterilization before it can be used by the dentist.
Yet anoCher object of the present invention is to provide a light curing guide which can be produced easily with an injection moulding process.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a light curing guide. which is unbreakable and is safe to use within a patient's mouth cavity without any potential health hazard to the patient.
The disposable probe comprises a generally cylindrical rod made of a plastic material having a low light refraction characteristics. The rod has a light receiving end and a ~~~~6~~
curing end. The light receiving end has larger diameter tapering gent7.y to the curing end which has a smaller diameter, and an arcuate bend portion is formed in the curing end.
Figure 1 is a side elevation view of the light curing guide according to the present invention.
Figure 2 is an end elevation view thereof at the light receiving end.
Figure 3 is an end elevation view thereof. at the curing end.
Figure 4 is a sectional view of thereof along line IV-IV
in Figure 1.
Figure 5 is a sectional view thereof along line V-V in Figure 1.
With reference to the drawings in which like reference numerals designate corresponding parts in the several views, the light curing guide of the present invention is a generally cylindrical rod 10 made of a clear plastic material having a low light refraction characteristics such that it can transmit light in the range of from 300 nanometers (nm) to 800 nanometer.s (nm). Light in such range is commonly used in photocurf.ng operations and in particular in the range of 400 nanometers (nm) and 500 nanometers (nm) is used in dental curing operations. Inexpensive amorphous homopolymer such as polymethyl methacrylate and polycarbonate axe suitable fox such purposes. It has been found that light guides rely on total internal reflection to transmit light efficiently. Total internal reflection occurs if a light wave is incident upon a boundary going from a denser. medium of refractive index to a rarer. medium of refractive index above a certain angle of incidence, The relationship of the critical angle to the refractive index at a boundary is outlined in the following formula:
Sin (Theta) = nl / n2 in which Theta is the critical angle.
nl is the refractive index of the first medium, for, air. nl is equal to 1.
n2 is the refractive index of the second medium.
Polymethyl methacrylate such as acrylic having a light refractive index of 1.49 in air, the critical angle is 42 degrees, and polycarbonate having a light refractive index of about 1.586, the critical angle is 39 degrees. Thus, these material provide satisfactory light transmission for dental curing purposes.
The rode 10 has a generally circular cross sectional shape and having a larger diameter. at the light receiving end 11 tapering gently to a smaller diameter curing end 12. The tapering is, fox example, about 2 degrees relative to a plane parallel to the longitudinal axis of the rod 10 as best shown in Figure 1. The curing end portion 13 is bent at an obtuse axcuate angle from the longitudinal axis of the light receiving end portion 14. The bent portion may have a length, for example,. governed by a 60 degrees radian angle as shown E'igure 1. The xod 10, typically has a diameter of from 2 millimeters to l5 millimeters and about 76 mm to l27 mm long.
The g~ner.ally flat surfaces provided at the light receiving end 11 and curing end 12 axe smooth clear surfaces to facilitate maximum amount of light transmission.
,.'; The tapering shape of the rod 10 enhances the concentration of light transmitted therethrough. Generally, when light is incident upon a boundary going from a denser medium of refractive index to a rarer medium of r.efr.active 20~~~~~~
index, the incident light must be within a critical angle to be x~e:~lected totally from the boundary> For acrylic material having a refractive index of l.586, the critical angle' is about 39 degrees. The relatively small tapering angle of the surface of the rod ZO ascertains that the critical angles for the guide wi7.1 not be exceeded over the length of the guide, so as to limit the light losses through the boundary to a minimum.
The obtuse arc in the curing end portion from the light receiving end portion also reduces the light losses through the peripheral surface. The equation that relates the minimum bend radius in a guide for. not theoretical light losses through the surface with light beam passing therethrough is as follows:
R = D '~ ( nl + n2 ) / 2 'y ( nl - n2 ) in which D = Diameter of the rod.
nl = Refractive index of the rod maCerial.
n2 = Refractive index of the cladding.
R = Center radius of the bend.
sin a no cladding is provided on the r.od 10) the refractive index for n2 is 1 for air, and a relatively large ar.c will considerably reduce the surface light losses.
Following the formation of the r.od 10 by injection moulding) it is then cleaned to ascertain a clean surface to reduce any light scattering effects from uneven surfaces and the adherence of dust particles thereon. It is then packaged in a sealed envelope and the entire package is subjected to proper and fully controlled sterilization by radiation or.
autoclaving. Since the guide is completely sterilized, it does not require Further sterilization by the dentist before being used. Thus, a clean and properly sterilized guide is provided 20~~~~~~
fox ready use without presenting any health hazard to the patient. It does not depend upon the sterilization operation to be carried out by the dentist such as in the known photocuring guide. Such user sterilization operation often is unsatisfactorily and/or carelessly carried out so that it can present a serious health hazard to the patient. Furthermore, since the guide can be made inexpensively with the above process, it is not intended for. re-use, therefore, a highly clean and disposable curing guide is provided.
The guide may be coupled to a curing gun of a portable curing unit or the free end of the elongated flexible light guide of a stationary curing light unit through a mounting adaptor. A suitable filter may be provided in the adaptor for heat filtering or other desirable purposes.
The bending in the guide enhances the location of its curing end onto the curing location within the patient's mouth cavity for on-the-spot dental curing.
Whilst in the illustrated embodiment presently preferred features of the invention have been put forward herein, it is to be understood that the invention is not l:i.mited to the precise forms illustrated herein as an example) and that changes may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and substance of the invention.
This invention relates to a light curing device and in particular to a disposable light guide or probe suitable for.
dental curing purposes.
In photocuring, particularly fo.r dental photocuring purposes, commonly a stationary or portable light generating device is used. For. convenience in manipulation, in the portable light generating device, light is provided by a hand-held gun unit which generates the light suitable for dental curing. The gun unit may be operated by alternating current power or. by direct current power supplied by a rechargeable battery power.. A relatively short light guide or probe is removably mounted at the front end of the gun unit for transmitting the curing light from the gun unit to the location at which photocuring is required. For a system with a :15 stationary light generating device, the light is transmitted from the light generator by an elongated flexible guide to the curing location. A short guide or probe again may be adapted at the free end of the elongated light guide fox carrying out the light curing operation at a location remote from the stationary light generator) The short probe or gu:i.de is made of a plurality of optical fibres fused in a glass cladding which maintains the optical fibres in a compact composite bundle. The composite bundle is then covered in a protective sheathing material which also prevents the light travelling through the guide from leaking through its peripheral surface.
Silicon or glass or metal is commonly used as the sheathing material for. such guides. Such guide or probe construction is, for, example) shown in U.S. Patent No. 4,846,546 by Joseph Cuda. The main drawbacks of such common guide or probe are that they are expensive and difficult to fabricate; and ~0'~9~~~
furthermore, the sheathing and cladding deteriorate rapidly under repeated autoclaving sterilization operation particularly when the sterilization operation may nat be properly carried out in a general dental affice. The sterilization is essential to prevent the transmission of disease virus from a contaminated probe to a patient. Also, such glass cladded probe or guide, particularly after subjected to repeated autoclaving sterilization operations, is breakable, so that it presents a hazard to the patient during use as the breakage of the glass components can occur when the probe is located in the patient's mouth cavity.
The principal object of the present invention is to provide a light curing guide which is simple in construction and is easy to produce.
Another. object of the present invention is to provide a light curing guide which is inexpensive to produce such that it is disposable after use.
Another object o.f the present invention is to provide a light curing guide which is pre-sterilized and packed in a sterilized packaging such that at does not require sterilization before it can be used by the dentist.
Yet anoCher object of the present invention is to provide a light curing guide which can be produced easily with an injection moulding process.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a light curing guide. which is unbreakable and is safe to use within a patient's mouth cavity without any potential health hazard to the patient.
The disposable probe comprises a generally cylindrical rod made of a plastic material having a low light refraction characteristics. The rod has a light receiving end and a ~~~~6~~
curing end. The light receiving end has larger diameter tapering gent7.y to the curing end which has a smaller diameter, and an arcuate bend portion is formed in the curing end.
Figure 1 is a side elevation view of the light curing guide according to the present invention.
Figure 2 is an end elevation view thereof at the light receiving end.
Figure 3 is an end elevation view thereof. at the curing end.
Figure 4 is a sectional view of thereof along line IV-IV
in Figure 1.
Figure 5 is a sectional view thereof along line V-V in Figure 1.
With reference to the drawings in which like reference numerals designate corresponding parts in the several views, the light curing guide of the present invention is a generally cylindrical rod 10 made of a clear plastic material having a low light refraction characteristics such that it can transmit light in the range of from 300 nanometers (nm) to 800 nanometer.s (nm). Light in such range is commonly used in photocurf.ng operations and in particular in the range of 400 nanometers (nm) and 500 nanometers (nm) is used in dental curing operations. Inexpensive amorphous homopolymer such as polymethyl methacrylate and polycarbonate axe suitable fox such purposes. It has been found that light guides rely on total internal reflection to transmit light efficiently. Total internal reflection occurs if a light wave is incident upon a boundary going from a denser. medium of refractive index to a rarer. medium of refractive index above a certain angle of incidence, The relationship of the critical angle to the refractive index at a boundary is outlined in the following formula:
Sin (Theta) = nl / n2 in which Theta is the critical angle.
nl is the refractive index of the first medium, for, air. nl is equal to 1.
n2 is the refractive index of the second medium.
Polymethyl methacrylate such as acrylic having a light refractive index of 1.49 in air, the critical angle is 42 degrees, and polycarbonate having a light refractive index of about 1.586, the critical angle is 39 degrees. Thus, these material provide satisfactory light transmission for dental curing purposes.
The rode 10 has a generally circular cross sectional shape and having a larger diameter. at the light receiving end 11 tapering gently to a smaller diameter curing end 12. The tapering is, fox example, about 2 degrees relative to a plane parallel to the longitudinal axis of the rod 10 as best shown in Figure 1. The curing end portion 13 is bent at an obtuse axcuate angle from the longitudinal axis of the light receiving end portion 14. The bent portion may have a length, for example,. governed by a 60 degrees radian angle as shown E'igure 1. The xod 10, typically has a diameter of from 2 millimeters to l5 millimeters and about 76 mm to l27 mm long.
The g~ner.ally flat surfaces provided at the light receiving end 11 and curing end 12 axe smooth clear surfaces to facilitate maximum amount of light transmission.
,.'; The tapering shape of the rod 10 enhances the concentration of light transmitted therethrough. Generally, when light is incident upon a boundary going from a denser medium of refractive index to a rarer medium of r.efr.active 20~~~~~~
index, the incident light must be within a critical angle to be x~e:~lected totally from the boundary> For acrylic material having a refractive index of l.586, the critical angle' is about 39 degrees. The relatively small tapering angle of the surface of the rod ZO ascertains that the critical angles for the guide wi7.1 not be exceeded over the length of the guide, so as to limit the light losses through the boundary to a minimum.
The obtuse arc in the curing end portion from the light receiving end portion also reduces the light losses through the peripheral surface. The equation that relates the minimum bend radius in a guide for. not theoretical light losses through the surface with light beam passing therethrough is as follows:
R = D '~ ( nl + n2 ) / 2 'y ( nl - n2 ) in which D = Diameter of the rod.
nl = Refractive index of the rod maCerial.
n2 = Refractive index of the cladding.
R = Center radius of the bend.
sin a no cladding is provided on the r.od 10) the refractive index for n2 is 1 for air, and a relatively large ar.c will considerably reduce the surface light losses.
Following the formation of the r.od 10 by injection moulding) it is then cleaned to ascertain a clean surface to reduce any light scattering effects from uneven surfaces and the adherence of dust particles thereon. It is then packaged in a sealed envelope and the entire package is subjected to proper and fully controlled sterilization by radiation or.
autoclaving. Since the guide is completely sterilized, it does not require Further sterilization by the dentist before being used. Thus, a clean and properly sterilized guide is provided 20~~~~~~
fox ready use without presenting any health hazard to the patient. It does not depend upon the sterilization operation to be carried out by the dentist such as in the known photocuring guide. Such user sterilization operation often is unsatisfactorily and/or carelessly carried out so that it can present a serious health hazard to the patient. Furthermore, since the guide can be made inexpensively with the above process, it is not intended for. re-use, therefore, a highly clean and disposable curing guide is provided.
The guide may be coupled to a curing gun of a portable curing unit or the free end of the elongated flexible light guide of a stationary curing light unit through a mounting adaptor. A suitable filter may be provided in the adaptor for heat filtering or other desirable purposes.
The bending in the guide enhances the location of its curing end onto the curing location within the patient's mouth cavity for on-the-spot dental curing.
Whilst in the illustrated embodiment presently preferred features of the invention have been put forward herein, it is to be understood that the invention is not l:i.mited to the precise forms illustrated herein as an example) and that changes may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and substance of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method of making a disposable dental curing guide comprising, moulding a rod member with a plastic material having low refraction characteristics, said rod member having a larger cross sectional dimension at one end than a second end, and having peripheral surfaces tapering towards said second end, an arcuate bend formed in the proximity of said second end, said one end and said second end having a substantially flat end surface, cleaning said rod member to eliminate any contamination and foreign particles on all surfaces thereof, placing said rod member in a disposable packaging, sealing said packaging, sterilizing said rod member sealed in said packaging by subjecting said packaging with said rod member sealed therein to radiation sterilization.
2. A method of making a disposable dental curing guide according to Claim 1 wherein said plastic material is amorphous homopolymer.
3. A method of making a disposable dental curing guide according to Claims 1 or 2, wherein said packaging comprises an envelope.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002079698A CA2079698C (en) | 1992-10-02 | 1992-10-02 | An unbreakable disposable photocuring guide |
| US07/956,380 US5312249A (en) | 1992-10-02 | 1992-10-05 | Unbreakable disposable photocuring guide |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002079698A CA2079698C (en) | 1992-10-02 | 1992-10-02 | An unbreakable disposable photocuring guide |
| US07/956,380 US5312249A (en) | 1992-10-02 | 1992-10-05 | Unbreakable disposable photocuring guide |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2079698A1 CA2079698A1 (en) | 1994-04-03 |
| CA2079698C true CA2079698C (en) | 1999-08-10 |
Family
ID=25675563
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002079698A Expired - Lifetime CA2079698C (en) | 1992-10-02 | 1992-10-02 | An unbreakable disposable photocuring guide |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5312249A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2079698C (en) |
Families Citing this family (38)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5803729A (en) * | 1996-07-17 | 1998-09-08 | Efraim Tsimerman | Curing light |
| TW346391B (en) * | 1996-09-20 | 1998-12-01 | Kuraray Co | Method of polymerizing photo-polymerizable composition for dental use and dental light-curing apparatus for use therewith |
| US6391283B1 (en) | 1997-01-10 | 2002-05-21 | Ultradent Products, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for activating dental compositions |
| GB2329756A (en) | 1997-09-25 | 1999-03-31 | Univ Bristol | Assemblies of light emitting diodes |
| US6200134B1 (en) * | 1998-01-20 | 2001-03-13 | Kerr Corporation | Apparatus and method for curing materials with radiation |
| FR2773986B1 (en) * | 1998-01-27 | 2000-04-28 | Sed Societe D Exploit Dentaire | DEVICE IN PARTICULAR FOR HARDENING COMPOSITE MATERIALS USED IN THE DENTAL FIELD |
| IL125659A (en) | 1998-08-05 | 2002-09-12 | Cadent Ltd | Method and apparatus for imaging three-dimensional structure |
| US7535184B1 (en) | 2001-01-16 | 2009-05-19 | Design Rite Llc | Photopolymerization apparatus |
| US6611110B1 (en) * | 2001-01-16 | 2003-08-26 | Design Rite, Llc | Photopolymerization apparatus |
| US7320593B2 (en) | 2000-03-08 | 2008-01-22 | Tir Systems Ltd. | Light emitting diode light source for curing dental composites |
| US6406293B1 (en) | 2000-10-10 | 2002-06-18 | Burstein Enterprises Incorporated | Hand-held dental transilluminating device |
| US7106523B2 (en) | 2002-01-11 | 2006-09-12 | Ultradent Products, Inc. | Optical lens used to focus led light |
| US20030215766A1 (en) * | 2002-01-11 | 2003-11-20 | Ultradent Products, Inc. | Light emitting systems and kits that include a light emitting device and one or more removable lenses |
| US6940659B2 (en) * | 2002-01-11 | 2005-09-06 | Ultradent Products, Inc. | Cone-shaped lens having increased forward light intensity and kits incorporating such lenses |
| US20030148242A1 (en) * | 2002-02-05 | 2003-08-07 | Fischer Dan E. | Lightweight hand held dental curing device |
| US6953339B1 (en) * | 2002-05-14 | 2005-10-11 | Daffurn Richard L | Tip for dental curing light |
| KR101047246B1 (en) | 2002-07-25 | 2011-07-06 | 조나단 에스. 담 | Method and apparatus for using curing LED |
| US7182597B2 (en) | 2002-08-08 | 2007-02-27 | Kerr Corporation | Curing light instrument |
| WO2004038759A2 (en) * | 2002-08-23 | 2004-05-06 | Dahm Jonathan S | Method and apparatus for using light emitting diodes |
| US20040101802A1 (en) * | 2002-11-21 | 2004-05-27 | Scott Robert R. | Wide bandwidth led curing light |
| US6994546B2 (en) * | 2002-12-18 | 2006-02-07 | Ultradent Products, Inc. | Light curing device with detachable power supply |
| US6890175B2 (en) * | 2002-12-18 | 2005-05-10 | Ultradent Products, Inc. | Cooling system for hand-held curing light |
| US20040214131A1 (en) * | 2003-04-25 | 2004-10-28 | Ultradent Products, Inc., | Spot curing lens used to spot cure a dental appliance adhesive and systems and methods employing such lenses |
| US7192276B2 (en) * | 2003-08-20 | 2007-03-20 | Ultradent Products, Inc. | Dental curing light adapted to emit light at a desired angle |
| US7144250B2 (en) | 2003-12-17 | 2006-12-05 | Ultradent Products, Inc. | Rechargeable dental curing light |
| US7195482B2 (en) * | 2003-12-30 | 2007-03-27 | Ultradent Products, Inc. | Dental curing device having a heat sink for dissipating heat |
| US7074040B2 (en) * | 2004-03-30 | 2006-07-11 | Ultradent Products, Inc. | Ball lens for use with a dental curing light |
| MXPA06014522A (en) * | 2004-06-15 | 2007-03-23 | Henkel Corp | High power led electro-optic assembly. |
| US20060057537A1 (en) * | 2004-09-15 | 2006-03-16 | Welch Allyn, Inc. | Combination dental instrument |
| US7056116B2 (en) * | 2004-10-26 | 2006-06-06 | Ultradent Products, Inc. | Heat sink for dental curing light comprising a plurality of different materials |
| WO2006049703A1 (en) * | 2004-10-28 | 2006-05-11 | Henkel Corporation | Led assembly with led-reflector interconnect |
| US8113830B2 (en) * | 2005-05-27 | 2012-02-14 | Kerr Corporation | Curing light instrument |
| US20070037113A1 (en) * | 2005-08-10 | 2007-02-15 | Scott Robert R | Dental curing light including a light integrator for providing substantially equal distribution of each emitted wavelength |
| CA2658802A1 (en) * | 2006-08-08 | 2008-02-14 | Mony Paz | Combination dental hand tool |
| US8047686B2 (en) | 2006-09-01 | 2011-11-01 | Dahm Jonathan S | Multiple light-emitting element heat pipe assembly |
| US20080166677A1 (en) * | 2007-01-08 | 2008-07-10 | Neil John Graham | Light directing and amplifying device |
| US9072572B2 (en) | 2009-04-02 | 2015-07-07 | Kerr Corporation | Dental light device |
| US9066777B2 (en) | 2009-04-02 | 2015-06-30 | Kerr Corporation | Curing light device |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4020556A (en) * | 1972-01-14 | 1977-05-03 | Star Dental Manufacturing Co., Inc. | Air driven dental handpiece |
| US4836782A (en) * | 1983-05-06 | 1989-06-06 | Dentsply Research & Development Corp. | Method for providing direct cool beam incident light on dental target |
| US4588089A (en) * | 1984-09-17 | 1986-05-13 | Yanz Jr Rudolph A | Disposable tooth brush |
| US5002361A (en) * | 1986-10-03 | 1991-03-26 | Hoechst Celanese Corp. | Polymeric thin film waveguide media |
| DE3611132A1 (en) * | 1986-04-03 | 1987-10-08 | Espe Stiftung | DENTAL RADIATION DEVICE |
| US4867305A (en) * | 1987-04-23 | 1989-09-19 | Heidemarie Schneider | Release of sterilized dental bit packaging |
| DE8814929U1 (en) * | 1988-11-30 | 1990-04-05 | Espe Stiftung & Co Produktions- Und Vertriebs Kg, 8031 Seefeld, De | |
| US5098292A (en) * | 1990-03-05 | 1992-03-24 | Sargon Lazarof | Dental instrument |
-
1992
- 1992-10-02 CA CA002079698A patent/CA2079698C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-10-05 US US07/956,380 patent/US5312249A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2079698A1 (en) | 1994-04-03 |
| US5312249A (en) | 1994-05-17 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |