CA2011132C - Radio frequency interference suppression ignition cable having a semi-conductive polyolefin conductive core - Google Patents
Radio frequency interference suppression ignition cable having a semi-conductive polyolefin conductive coreInfo
- Publication number
- CA2011132C CA2011132C CA002011132A CA2011132A CA2011132C CA 2011132 C CA2011132 C CA 2011132C CA 002011132 A CA002011132 A CA 002011132A CA 2011132 A CA2011132 A CA 2011132A CA 2011132 C CA2011132 C CA 2011132C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- conductive
- layer
- semi
- ignition cable
- polyolefin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04C—BRAIDING OR MANUFACTURE OF LACE, INCLUDING BOBBIN-NET OR CARBONISED LACE; BRAIDING MACHINES; BRAID; LACE
- D04C1/00—Braid or lace, e.g. pillow-lace; Processes for the manufacture thereof
- D04C1/06—Braid or lace serving particular purposes
- D04C1/12—Cords, lines, or tows
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/0063—Ignition cables
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
An ignition cable having a layer of semi-conductive cross-linkable polyolefin extruded over a nonmetallic strength member to form a conductive core. An insulating layer is extruded over the conductive core and overlaid with a braid of glass yarn. A final layer of insulating material is applied over the braid of glass yarn to provide an external jacket. In an alternate embodiment, the braid of glass yarn is omitted.
An ignition cable having a layer of semi-conductive cross-linkable polyolefin extruded over a nonmetallic strength member to form a conductive core. An insulating layer is extruded over the conductive core and overlaid with a braid of glass yarn. A final layer of insulating material is applied over the braid of glass yarn to provide an external jacket. In an alternate embodiment, the braid of glass yarn is omitted.
Description
2 U l 1 1 ~
The invention is related to high voltage resistance cables and more specifically to ignition cables for spark ~;
ignited internal combustion engines.
The use of ignition or spark plug cables having a resistance greater than lO0 ohms/foot for reducing radio frequency ignition noise in automotive vehicles is well known. These ignition cables have nonmetallic conductor ;~
elements enclosed in an insulator jacket. The nonmetallic conductor elements may consist of individual threadlike filaments impregnated with a conductive material, such as - -graphite. Alternately, a group of impregnated filaments may i `
be gathered together in a bundle or roving and the roving ;
impregnated with a conductive rubber as taught by Barker et al in U.S. Patent No. 3,284,751. A non-conductive fiber is braided over the conductive rubber and overlaid with an insulating layer and protective jacket. Alternately, the ;;~
ignition cable may consist of a plurality of conductive fibers encased by a semi-conductive polytetrafluorethylene `
overcoat as disclosed by Ring in U.S. Patent No. 3,991,397.
In another alternative, the nonmetallic conductor core element may consist of a non-conductive fiber bundle tension member circumscribed by a layer of conductive paint as taught `: ~ F
by Miyamoto et al in U.S. Patent No. 4,363,019. In U.S. ; ~;
Patent No. 4,375,632, Miyamoto et al further teach the use of two resistive layers separated by a conductive stripping l ~`
layer, the inner resistive layer being a conductive carbon paint and the outer resistive layer being a semi-conductive . : - ~
ethylenepropylene rubber. In U.S. Patent No. 3,683,309, ~ `
201 1 132 :: -Hirose teaches an ignition cable having a nonmetallic fiber ~ -;
bundle having a film of conductive nonmetallic particles, -such as graphite or carbon dispersed in a binding agent. The nonmetallic fiber bundle is covered with two layers of magnetic and conductive synthetic resin coating. Vitale, in U.S. Patent No. 3,680,027, and Kanamori et al, in U.S. Patent No. 4,748,436, disclose an ignition cable having a fiberglass bundle tension member, a conductive silicon rubber overlay an insulating rubber layer, a glass fiber overbraid and an insulating jacket. Carini et al. in U.S. Patent No. ~ ~ -3,876,462, disclose an insulated cable having a central metal conductor, an insulating layer and a semi-conductive cross- -~;
linked polyolefin external layer.
The invention is an improved ignition cable of the type taught by the referenced prior art having improved heat stability and electrical integrity.
The invention is an ignition cable having a centrally dispo~ed nonmetallic strength member coated with a layer of ~emi-conducting cross-linked polyolefin to form an electrically conductive core. The semi-conducting polyolefin has a volume resistivity from 1 to 40 ohms-centimeter. A
layer of insulating material is concentrically extruded ;
around the conductive core. In the preferred embodiment the ~ ~;
insulating material is overlaid with a braid of glass yarn.
A final layer of insulating material is applied over insulating material or the braid of glass yarn to form an external jacket.
~': .'. ,. .' The invention will be further described by reference to , -the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a perspective view showing the structural details of the preferred embodiment of the ignition cable;
s and --Figure 2 is a perspective view showing the structural details of an alternate embodiment of the ignition cable.
~.... : -.
Referring to Figure 1, there is shown a perspective view of the ignition cable. The ignition cable has a central nonmetallic element, which may be a glass fiber roving, ~ ;
aramide fiber roving or any other suitable nonmetallic i-- ;
strength member 10. The strength member 10 may also be a single element as shown in Figure 2. The strength member 10 may be non-conductive or may be rendered conductive by coating or impregnating with fine carbon or graphite particles suspended in a binder, such as latex. The binder may include adhesion promoters, primers and binding agents.
; . .:.,: -: .
A layer 12 of semi-conductive cross-linkable polyolefin ;
having a volume resistivity of 1 to 40 ohms-centimeter is extruded over the strength member 10 to form a conductive '~ '''"'`-S
core 14. The cross-sectional area of the semi-conductive ~ `
:. , ...::., polyolefin layer is selected such that the electrical : .~ . . .
res~stance of the conductive core 14 is between 100 and ~ ;
30,000 ohms/foot. The conductive core 14, consisting of the ~u~
25strength member 10 and the semi-conductive polyolefin layer ;~
12, may be cured by any method known in the art. For ;;
example, the conductive core 14 may be cured, i.e., cross-linked in a steam atmosphere ranging from 250 to 300 psi for - 3 - ;~
~.0 1 1 1 3 2 a period of time ranging from 1 to 2 minutes or by irradiation with an electron beam.
: ~
After curing, an insulating layer 16 of a plastic or an elastomer of the types commonly used in the ignition cable -~
industry is extruded over the conductive core 14. A glass yarn 18 may then be braided over the insulating layer 16, as ;
shown in Figure 1, for mechanical strength. Alternately, as shown in Figure 2, the braid of glass yarn may be omitted. A
jacket 20 may then be concentrically extruded over the braided glass yarn 18 or the insulating layer 16 when the braid of glass yarn is omitted. The jacket may be made from polyolefin, silicon rubber, or other similar materials. The diameter of the finished ignition cable is between 7 mm (.275 inches) and 10 mm (.40 inches).
,',"~
~ '. . ''', ':
` ''~'''`
', ~ ' ~'';' , s~li r 4_
The invention is related to high voltage resistance cables and more specifically to ignition cables for spark ~;
ignited internal combustion engines.
The use of ignition or spark plug cables having a resistance greater than lO0 ohms/foot for reducing radio frequency ignition noise in automotive vehicles is well known. These ignition cables have nonmetallic conductor ;~
elements enclosed in an insulator jacket. The nonmetallic conductor elements may consist of individual threadlike filaments impregnated with a conductive material, such as - -graphite. Alternately, a group of impregnated filaments may i `
be gathered together in a bundle or roving and the roving ;
impregnated with a conductive rubber as taught by Barker et al in U.S. Patent No. 3,284,751. A non-conductive fiber is braided over the conductive rubber and overlaid with an insulating layer and protective jacket. Alternately, the ;;~
ignition cable may consist of a plurality of conductive fibers encased by a semi-conductive polytetrafluorethylene `
overcoat as disclosed by Ring in U.S. Patent No. 3,991,397.
In another alternative, the nonmetallic conductor core element may consist of a non-conductive fiber bundle tension member circumscribed by a layer of conductive paint as taught `: ~ F
by Miyamoto et al in U.S. Patent No. 4,363,019. In U.S. ; ~;
Patent No. 4,375,632, Miyamoto et al further teach the use of two resistive layers separated by a conductive stripping l ~`
layer, the inner resistive layer being a conductive carbon paint and the outer resistive layer being a semi-conductive . : - ~
ethylenepropylene rubber. In U.S. Patent No. 3,683,309, ~ `
201 1 132 :: -Hirose teaches an ignition cable having a nonmetallic fiber ~ -;
bundle having a film of conductive nonmetallic particles, -such as graphite or carbon dispersed in a binding agent. The nonmetallic fiber bundle is covered with two layers of magnetic and conductive synthetic resin coating. Vitale, in U.S. Patent No. 3,680,027, and Kanamori et al, in U.S. Patent No. 4,748,436, disclose an ignition cable having a fiberglass bundle tension member, a conductive silicon rubber overlay an insulating rubber layer, a glass fiber overbraid and an insulating jacket. Carini et al. in U.S. Patent No. ~ ~ -3,876,462, disclose an insulated cable having a central metal conductor, an insulating layer and a semi-conductive cross- -~;
linked polyolefin external layer.
The invention is an improved ignition cable of the type taught by the referenced prior art having improved heat stability and electrical integrity.
The invention is an ignition cable having a centrally dispo~ed nonmetallic strength member coated with a layer of ~emi-conducting cross-linked polyolefin to form an electrically conductive core. The semi-conducting polyolefin has a volume resistivity from 1 to 40 ohms-centimeter. A
layer of insulating material is concentrically extruded ;
around the conductive core. In the preferred embodiment the ~ ~;
insulating material is overlaid with a braid of glass yarn.
A final layer of insulating material is applied over insulating material or the braid of glass yarn to form an external jacket.
~': .'. ,. .' The invention will be further described by reference to , -the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a perspective view showing the structural details of the preferred embodiment of the ignition cable;
s and --Figure 2 is a perspective view showing the structural details of an alternate embodiment of the ignition cable.
~.... : -.
Referring to Figure 1, there is shown a perspective view of the ignition cable. The ignition cable has a central nonmetallic element, which may be a glass fiber roving, ~ ;
aramide fiber roving or any other suitable nonmetallic i-- ;
strength member 10. The strength member 10 may also be a single element as shown in Figure 2. The strength member 10 may be non-conductive or may be rendered conductive by coating or impregnating with fine carbon or graphite particles suspended in a binder, such as latex. The binder may include adhesion promoters, primers and binding agents.
; . .:.,: -: .
A layer 12 of semi-conductive cross-linkable polyolefin ;
having a volume resistivity of 1 to 40 ohms-centimeter is extruded over the strength member 10 to form a conductive '~ '''"'`-S
core 14. The cross-sectional area of the semi-conductive ~ `
:. , ...::., polyolefin layer is selected such that the electrical : .~ . . .
res~stance of the conductive core 14 is between 100 and ~ ;
30,000 ohms/foot. The conductive core 14, consisting of the ~u~
25strength member 10 and the semi-conductive polyolefin layer ;~
12, may be cured by any method known in the art. For ;;
example, the conductive core 14 may be cured, i.e., cross-linked in a steam atmosphere ranging from 250 to 300 psi for - 3 - ;~
~.0 1 1 1 3 2 a period of time ranging from 1 to 2 minutes or by irradiation with an electron beam.
: ~
After curing, an insulating layer 16 of a plastic or an elastomer of the types commonly used in the ignition cable -~
industry is extruded over the conductive core 14. A glass yarn 18 may then be braided over the insulating layer 16, as ;
shown in Figure 1, for mechanical strength. Alternately, as shown in Figure 2, the braid of glass yarn may be omitted. A
jacket 20 may then be concentrically extruded over the braided glass yarn 18 or the insulating layer 16 when the braid of glass yarn is omitted. The jacket may be made from polyolefin, silicon rubber, or other similar materials. The diameter of the finished ignition cable is between 7 mm (.275 inches) and 10 mm (.40 inches).
,',"~
~ '. . ''', ':
` ''~'''`
', ~ ' ~'';' , s~li r 4_
Claims (23)
1. An ignition cable comprising:
a nonmetallic fiber strength member;
a concentric layer of a semi-conductive cross-linked polyolefin overcoating said strength member; and a concentric insulating layer overcoating said layer of semi-conductive cross-linked polyolefin.
a nonmetallic fiber strength member;
a concentric layer of a semi-conductive cross-linked polyolefin overcoating said strength member; and a concentric insulating layer overcoating said layer of semi-conductive cross-linked polyolefin.
2. The ignition cable of Claim 1 wherein said semi-conductive polyolefin has a volume resistivity between 1 and 40 ohms-centimeter.
3. The ignition cable of Claim 2 wherein said layer of semi-conductive polyolefin has a resistance between 100 and 30,000 ohms/foot.
4. The ignition cable of Claim 1 wherein said nonmetallic strength member is a glass roving.
5. The ignition cable of Claim 4 wherein said glass roving is conductive.
6. The ignition cable of Claim 5 wherein the combined resistance of said conductive glass roving and said semi-conductive polyolefin layer is between 100 and 30,000 ohms/foot.
7. The ignition cable of Claim 1 wherein said nonmetallic strength member is a single non-conductive element.
8. The ignition cable of Claim 1 having an insulating jacket overcoating said insulating layer.
9. The ignition cable of Claim 8 having a braid of yarn intermediate said insulating layer and said insulating jacket.
10. An ignition cable comprising:
a fiber roving forming a strength member;
a layer of semi-conductive cross-linked polyolefin extruded over said fiber roving to form a conductive core having a resistance between 100 and 30,000 ohms/foot;
a layer of insulating material extruded over said conductive polyolefin layer;
a glass yarn braided over said insulating layer;
and an insulator jacket overlaying said glass fiber braid.
a fiber roving forming a strength member;
a layer of semi-conductive cross-linked polyolefin extruded over said fiber roving to form a conductive core having a resistance between 100 and 30,000 ohms/foot;
a layer of insulating material extruded over said conductive polyolefin layer;
a glass yarn braided over said insulating layer;
and an insulator jacket overlaying said glass fiber braid.
11. The ignition cable of Claim 10 wherein said semi-conductive polyolefin has a volume resistivity between 1 and 40 ohms-centimeter.
12. The ignition cable of Claim 11 wherein said nonmetallic fiber roving is a conductive glass roving.
13. An ignition cable comprising:
a nonmetallic fiber roving forming a strength member;
a layer of semi-conductive cross-linked polyolefin having a volume resistivity between 1 and 40 ohms-centimeter extruded over said fiber roving;
an insulating layer extruded over said layer of semi-conductive polyolefin; and an insulator jacket overlaying said insulating layer.
a nonmetallic fiber roving forming a strength member;
a layer of semi-conductive cross-linked polyolefin having a volume resistivity between 1 and 40 ohms-centimeter extruded over said fiber roving;
an insulating layer extruded over said layer of semi-conductive polyolefin; and an insulator jacket overlaying said insulating layer.
14. The ignition cable of Claim 13 having a braid of glass yarn intermediate said insulating layer and said insulator jacket.
15. A method for making an ignition cable comprising the steps of:
extruding a layer of a semi-conductive cross-linkable polyolefin concentrically over a nonmetallic strength member;
cross-linking and semi-conductive polyolefin layer by curing; and concentrically extruding a layer of an insulating material over said layer of semi-conducting polyolefin.
extruding a layer of a semi-conductive cross-linkable polyolefin concentrically over a nonmetallic strength member;
cross-linking and semi-conductive polyolefin layer by curing; and concentrically extruding a layer of an insulating material over said layer of semi-conducting polyolefin.
16. The method of Claim 15 further including the step of overcoating said layer of insulating material with an insulator jacket.
17. The method of Claim 15 further including the steps of braiding a glass yarn over said insulating layer and overcoating said braided glass yarn with an insulator jacket.
18. The method of Claim 15 wherein said strength member is a nonmetallic fiber roving.
19. The method of Claim 18 wherein said nonmetallic fiber roving is a glass fiber roving.
20. The method of Claim 18 wherein said nonmetallic fiber roving is an aramide fiber roving.
21. The method of Claim 15 wherein said strength member is a single nonmetallic element.
22. The method of Claim 18 wherein said nonmetallic fiber roving is a conductive fiber roving.
23. The method of Claim 15 wherein said semi-conductive polyolefin has a volume resistivity of 1 to 40 ohms-centimenter.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/333,137 | 1989-04-04 | ||
| US07/333,137 US5034719A (en) | 1989-04-04 | 1989-04-04 | Radio frequency interference suppression ignition cable having a semiconductive polyolefin conductive core |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2011132A1 CA2011132A1 (en) | 1990-10-04 |
| CA2011132C true CA2011132C (en) | 1994-08-30 |
Family
ID=23301452
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002011132A Expired - Fee Related CA2011132C (en) | 1989-04-04 | 1990-02-28 | Radio frequency interference suppression ignition cable having a semi-conductive polyolefin conductive core |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5034719A (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH02288020A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR900017049A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU622537B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2011132C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE4008400A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2645333A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2230133B (en) |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5298028A (en) * | 1992-06-17 | 1994-03-29 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Method of making a yarn of particulate-impregnated aramid fibers |
| US5523534A (en) * | 1993-06-28 | 1996-06-04 | Vital Connections, Inc. | Shielded carbon lead for medical electrodes |
| US5397860A (en) * | 1993-10-29 | 1995-03-14 | Splitfire, Inc. | Multiple-core electrical ignition system cable |
| US5661266A (en) * | 1995-04-28 | 1997-08-26 | Chang; Po-Wen | Engine ignition cable structure |
| US6054028A (en) * | 1996-06-07 | 2000-04-25 | Raychem Corporation | Ignition cables |
| US6264183B1 (en) | 1999-08-19 | 2001-07-24 | Precision Products Group | Methods of manufacturing coils and apparatus for same |
| WO2002001580A1 (en) * | 1999-09-02 | 2002-01-03 | Joseph Casella | High-conductivity carbon-fiber cable with protected core |
| GB0113928D0 (en) * | 2001-06-08 | 2001-08-01 | Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv | Radio frequency suppressing cable |
| DE10204363A1 (en) * | 2002-02-02 | 2003-08-14 | Schott Glas | Interference coating to improve the energy balance of HID lamps |
| EP1872374B1 (en) * | 2005-04-04 | 2017-05-17 | Luk Mui Joe Lam | Ignition apparatus |
| US7414189B2 (en) * | 2005-09-30 | 2008-08-19 | The Boeing Company | Integrated wiring for composite structures |
| KR101173581B1 (en) | 2010-05-31 | 2012-08-14 | 성훈용 | manufacturing method of Ignition cable for vehicle and the manufactured Ignition cable |
| US9909933B2 (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2018-03-06 | Kidde Technologies, Inc. | Eutectic based continuous thermal sensing element including fiber wrapped center conductor |
Family Cites Families (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1051184A (en) * | 1900-01-01 | |||
| US2790053A (en) * | 1951-12-27 | 1957-04-23 | Thomas F Peterson | Shielded ignition cable and resistors |
| US3284751A (en) * | 1963-10-11 | 1966-11-08 | Eltra Corp | Resistor ignition lead |
| GB1335580A (en) * | 1970-03-20 | 1973-10-31 | Yazaki Corp | High frequency noise prevention cable |
| US3680027A (en) * | 1971-04-19 | 1972-07-25 | Avnet Inc | Ignition cable |
| US3876462A (en) * | 1972-05-30 | 1975-04-08 | Essex International Inc | Insulated cable with layer of controlled peel strength |
| US3792409A (en) * | 1973-04-02 | 1974-02-12 | Ransburg Corp | Electrostatic hand gun cable |
| US3870987A (en) * | 1973-05-29 | 1975-03-11 | Acheson Ind Inc | Ignition cable |
| US3991397A (en) * | 1974-02-06 | 1976-11-09 | Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation | Ignition cable |
| US4051298A (en) * | 1974-05-09 | 1977-09-27 | General Electric Company | Strippable composite of polymeric materials for use in insulated electrical conductors, a method of forming the same and products thereof |
| DE3001647A1 (en) * | 1979-02-23 | 1980-09-04 | Pirelli Cable Corp | RADIATION CROSSLINKED, POLYMERIC, ELECTRICAL INSULATING MATERIAL |
| JPS6111852Y2 (en) * | 1980-01-31 | 1986-04-14 | ||
| JPS6054727B2 (en) * | 1980-01-31 | 1985-12-02 | 株式会社デンソー | High voltage resistance wire for noise prevention |
| JPS6111854Y2 (en) * | 1980-01-31 | 1986-04-14 | ||
| JPS56114224A (en) * | 1980-02-13 | 1981-09-08 | Nippon Denso Co | Method of manufacturing low static capacity high voltage resistance wire |
| US4435692A (en) * | 1981-12-08 | 1984-03-06 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Low electrostatic capacity wire-wound type ignition cable |
| FR2547945B1 (en) * | 1983-06-21 | 1986-05-02 | Raffinage Cie Francaise | NEW STRUCTURE OF ELECTRIC CABLE AND ITS APPLICATIONS |
| US4567249A (en) * | 1983-11-18 | 1986-01-28 | General Electric Company | Melt preparation of polyamide by amide ester interchange |
| JPS6111852U (en) * | 1984-06-27 | 1986-01-23 | 株式会社 北浦工業 | Coupling fittings between column and body frame |
| FR2573241B1 (en) * | 1984-11-13 | 1987-05-15 | Gregoire & Barilleau Ets | NEW PEST CONTROL YARN |
| IT208566Z2 (en) * | 1986-03-10 | 1988-05-28 | Cavis Cavetti Isolati Spa | ELECTRIC CABLE STRUCTURE WITH ANTI-DISORDER SHIELD. |
| JPS62274505A (en) * | 1986-05-22 | 1987-11-28 | 矢崎総業株式会社 | High voltage resistance wire for preventing noise |
-
1989
- 1989-04-04 US US07/333,137 patent/US5034719A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1990
- 1990-02-02 GB GB9002322A patent/GB2230133B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-02-28 CA CA002011132A patent/CA2011132C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-03-16 DE DE4008400A patent/DE4008400A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-03-16 FR FR9003426A patent/FR2645333A1/en active Pending
- 1990-03-29 JP JP2079076A patent/JPH02288020A/en active Pending
- 1990-03-30 AU AU52486/90A patent/AU622537B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-04-03 KR KR1019900004565A patent/KR900017049A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2230133A (en) | 1990-10-10 |
| AU5248690A (en) | 1990-10-11 |
| GB9002322D0 (en) | 1990-04-04 |
| KR900017049A (en) | 1990-11-15 |
| JPH02288020A (en) | 1990-11-28 |
| FR2645333A1 (en) | 1990-10-05 |
| DE4008400A1 (en) | 1990-10-11 |
| CA2011132A1 (en) | 1990-10-04 |
| GB2230133B (en) | 1994-03-09 |
| US5034719A (en) | 1991-07-23 |
| AU622537B2 (en) | 1992-04-09 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |