CA1336877C

CA1336877C - Procedure for bending bars, channels, sections and the like, and bending machine to carry out this procedure

Info

Publication number: CA1336877C
Application number: CA000525144A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Helmut Dischler
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1985-12-13
Filing date: 1986-12-12
Publication date: 1995-09-05
Anticipated expiration: 2012-09-05
Also published as: EP0226167B1; ATE82883T1; EP0226167A2; DE3544056A1; EP0226167A3; JPS62187524A; ES2037005T3; US4890469A; US4798073A; JP2534245B2; DE3687221D1

Abstract

In a procedure for bending drawn or extruded lengths, in particular wires, tubes, cables, cross-sectionally shaped lengths or the like, in that the length is curved at two spaced sites simultaneously and in opposite directions about two parallel axes transverse to the longitudinal axis of the length without substantial effects from other forces.
The procedure employs two bending devices next to each other but spaced apart and each including at least two bending components and drives to displace in each case at least one of the bending components in a direction transverse to the length. The drives are designed to operate in mutually opposite directions and the bending components each include a freely rotating sleeve.

Description

Case 9780 DIPL. -ING. HELMUT DISCHLER

A PROCEDURE FOR BENDING BARS, CHANNELS, SECTIONS AND THE LIKE, AND BENDING MACHINE
TO CARRY OUT THIS PROCEDURE

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This invention concerns a procedure for bending extruded lengths, in particular wires, tubes, cables, drawn or extruded lengths, section and the like. It further concerns a bending machine to carry out this procedure with two mutually spaced bending devices each comprising at least two bending components and drives to move at least one of the bending components essentially transversely to the length being bent.
Such bending machines are described in the German Offenlegungsschrift 16 52 822 and in the German patent 537,904. They comprise two or more bending devices next to each other each with two bending components. In the bending machines of the first cited document, the spacing between the bending devices is also adjustable so that bending can be carried out at mutually different spacings.
The German Gebrauchsmuster 18 81 368 discloses a further bending machine comprising a bending device with roller-shaped bending components. Also, roller guides are provided for the wire to be bent.

In all prevlously known bending machines, the length of material is bent by applying a curving force to the bending components. The inside bending radius then corresponds to the radius of the bending components. Large bendlng radii about the size of the particular bending device and above cannot be achieved in such bending methods. Furthermore, the components must be exchanged, when bending radii of different sizes are required, for those with the proper radius.
- The disadvantages of the prior art are obviated and mitigated by the present invention whlch provides a bendlng procedure, in particular, wires, in which the workpiece ls curved at two spaced sites simultaneously and in opposite direction about two mutually parallel axes transverse to the length of the workpiece, wherein each curving action being applied only by a counteracting force couple.
In this manner the workplece or length to be bent is subjected to a bending moment acting transversely to its length by a pair of forces applied at two spaced sites. Due to the application of such a bending torque, the workpiece bends freely and uniformly in the space between the two bending means. A bending radius is obtained which, unlike the case for the known bending machines, will depend, not on the diameter of ; the bending components, but rather on the spacing of the two bending means at the beginning of the bending procedure. The larger this separation, the greater the bending radius.
The invention provides a bending machine for bending workpieces in the form of continuous lengths, more particularly wires, pipes, cables, profiles or the like, comprising- two bending fixtures spaced one alongside the other and each having two bending pressure members and an associated drive for moving at least one of the respective two bending pressure members ! substantially transversely lnto bending engagement with the 133~877 workpiece, sald drives being set up to operate in opposite directions, characterised in that each said bending pressure member has a freely rotatable sleeve thereon for engagement with the workpiece such that the workpiece can move longitudinally in relation to said pressure members during bending.
In a further aspect, the invention provides a bending - - machine, comprising: (a) support means; (b) first and second spaced cooperating bending means displaceably associated wlth said support means; (c) each of said bending means comprises first and second spaced cooperating bending components and the components of said first and second bending means define a first axis extending between sald bending means and further define second and third axes extending generally transverse to said first axis and about which a length to be bent may pivot and each of said second and third axes is disposed between the components of one of said bending means and said components of each bending means being sufficiently spaced apart to recelve therebetween a length to be bent which extends also between said bending means on said first axis; (d) drlve means operably associated with at least one of the components of each of sald bending means for causing displacement thereof relative to said first axis; and, (e) guide means operably assoclated with said support means and with each of said bending means so that displacement of said components by said drive means causes said components to move relative to said first axis and to engage a length to be bent extending between said bending means and received between the associated components and further causes said bending means to move along said guide means relative to each other so that the length pivots about said second and third axis and is bent intermediate said bending means.
The invention also provides a bending machine, comprising: (a) first and second spaced bending devices, each 3a ~336877 70233-17 - of said devices comprising first and second components and a bending means and each component extending from and defining an axis extending generally transverse to the associated bending means; (b) first drive means are operably associated with at least one of said components for driving said one component in a direction perpendicular to said axes so that a torque is applied to a length to be bent received between the components of each bending device and extending between said bending devices; (c) each of said devices is mountéd to a pivot system, each of said pivot systems including two guide links and said systems cooperating for defining a four joint kinematics; and, (d) second drive means operably associated with said systems for causing actuation of said systems and thereby operation of said first drive means.
A further aspect of the invention provides a bending - machine, comprising: (a) support means; (b) first and second spaced bending means rotatably mounted to said support means;
~c) each of said bending means comprises first and second spaced cooperating bending components rotatable on parallel axes, the components of said first and second bending means define a first axis extending between said bending means and second and third axes extending generally transverse to said first axis and about which a length to be bent may pivot and each of said second and third axes is disposed between the components of one of said bending means and the components of each bending means are sufficiently spaced apart to receive therebetween a length to be bent which extends also between said bending means on said first axis; and, (d) drive means operably associated with each of said bending means for causing oppositely directed rotation thereof relative to said support means so that the associated bending components may move relative to said first axis and engage a length to be bent .. .
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extending between said bending means and received between the associated bending components and thereby impress first and second torques on the length while permitting the-length to move relative to the engaged rotatable bending components so that the length pivots about said second and third axes and is bent intermediate said bending means.
The invention also provides a bending machine for bending a length to form a single bend therein, comprising:
(a) support means; (b) first and second cooperating bending means associated with said support means and defining a first axis extending therebetween; (c) each of said bending means comprising first and second cooperating bending components that are spaced apart to receive a portion of the length therebetween and defining second and third parallel turning axes between the components and transverse to said first axis;
_ (d) respective drive means operably associated with each said bending means for driving at least one bending component of each bending means; (f) said drive means being operably associated with one another as to turn said portions of the length passing between said bending components in opposite directions in a plane transverse to said second and third turning axes and containing said first axis; (g) said bending means being spaced apart in said plane allow the length to be formed in a bend between the bending means and projecting laterally of said first axis.
In one embodiment of the invention, the drives operate in opposite directions and the bending components each are provided with a freely rotating sleeve. Another solution consists in the drives again operating oppositely and at least one of the bending means is displaceably guided relative to the other guide means during the bending procedure relative to said first axis and along said guide means in a plane perpendicular ~ 1336877 3c 70233-17 to said second and third axes of rotation to impart a torque without additional forces.
In both arrangements, the torque is applied in the absence of additional forces by simultaneous drives operating oppositely for each of at least one of the bending components.
In the first arrangement, the length to be bent is kept free from additional forces by the roller-shaped design of the bending components because the length may slip through the bending components while being bent. As regards the second solution, no relative motion between the length and the bending components takes place because the bending means are guided in such a manner that their spacing decreases in relation to the progress in bending. The latter embodiment is especially applicable when bending lengths with rough surfaces such as construction steel, because such materials would hardly slip between the bending components of the first arrangement. In the second arrangement, the occurrence of additional forces is avoided by the relative motion of the two bending means or devices during the bending procedure.

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-4- ~336877 Obviously both solutions may be combined,-that is, the displaceable guidance of the bending devices may be combined with roller-like bending components.
If always the same bending radii are to be made using the bending machine of the first solution, then it suffices to keep the bending devices at a fixed distance apart. If however this spacing is varied, then it wili be possible to make correspondingly different bending radii.
This can be achieved on one hand in that the bending devices .
are fixed in place at diverse spacings. Alternatively at least one of the two bending devices, but especially both, shall be guided freely. This~ alternative also is applicable to the second solution. In that case the spacing between the two bending devices can be set automatically in such a manner that only bending torques but no further forces are transmitted to the lengths to be bent. As a result a neat arc of circle shall be achieved, provided that the material involved is uniform in its moment of inertia with respect to length, and this shall be the case as a rule. Therefore the bending machine of the invention also may be appropriately used to test inhomogeneities in the lengths. If due to inhomogeneity there is a lesser moment of inertia at one place in the length, then a clearly visible and smaller arc shall be formed there.
Appropriately the bending device(s) shall be displaceably mounted in a slot guide which illustratively may be provided in a bench.
The bending components can be moved transversely to the lengths in a simple manner known per se using a rotary drive. The bending components then can be mounted on -5- 13~877 a rotary disk. Alternatively and obviously there is also the possibility to directly connect the bending components to linear actuators to carry out the transverse motion. The term linear actuator especially includes hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders, also spindle drives or the like.
The flexibility of the bending machine of the invention may be further enhanced by each bending device comprising its own, separately reversible drive. As a result, the rotational shafts can be driven not only oppositely, but also in the same direction, or only one of them might be. In this manner manifold bendings can be carried out.
In lieu of a slot guide, special constrained guide means may be provided, which cause the change in separation required to apply the bending torque in the sense of the second solution. This can be implemented in simple manner in that each of the bending devices is mounted to a pivot system which is pivoted relative to the otherts) by at least one drive means. The pivot systems each may consist of two guide links forming a four-joint kinematics. Appropriately the guide links always shall be parallel to one another whereby the particular four-joint kinematics shall form a parallelo3ram. A simple design is given when the guide links are hinged to the bending devices at the shafts of the bending component.
In order that the guide links and hence the bending devices always be mounted with mirror-symmetry to each other, one guide link of one bending device shall be synchronized by a gear unit with a guide link of the other bending device. This can be implemented in simple manner by two mutually meshing gears or gear sectors. The gear transmission will be especially simple if one of the guide links rests in the pivot axis of the associated four-joint kinematics so that its hinge point performs only a motion of rotation.
To make possible simple displacement of the two four-joint kinematics, they should be suspended from a pivotably supported drive bar, preferably in a V-arrangement with close-by pivot axis.
The free ends of the drive bars can be connected to the drive motor. It was found appropriate in this respect to connect the drive bars to two pressure bars which are joined toqether and form a link quadrilateral acted on by the drive motor. In this embodiment, both bending devices are operated from a single drive motor, which represents an advantageous design for a hand tool because saving weight. In that case the drive motor illustratively is a pressure cylinder with return spring. However other drives, for instance electrical ones, or exceptionally, hydraulic ones, also may be used.
Regardless of the manner in which the two bending devices are being moved, it may be appropriate that one bending component of each bending device be located in the pivot axi~ dnd therefore act only as a bearing. In that case only one of the bending components will be moved transversely to the lengths being bent.

._ The versatility of the bending machine is further enhanced when the bending components are mounted in exchangeable manner, whereby bending components of various diameters can be mounted. Again, the spacing between the bending components of each bending device shall be adjustable to further improve adaptability.
A further feature of the invention provides that the bending components conically taper toward their free ends. This makes it possible to insert the lengths to be bent without play between the bending components. In this manner uniform bending at equal angles of rotation may be achieved regardless of the material thickness.
Lastly the invention provides mounting a compression piece between the bending devices so as to prevent forming an arc of circle, whereby a U bend with straight connections between the corner bends can be made.
The invention is shown in closer detail by the illustrative embodiments of the drawings.
Fig. 1 is a sideview, including partial sections, of a bending machine, Fig. 2 is a top view of the bending machine of Fig. 1, Figs. 3 and 4 show the bending machine of Figs. 1 and 2 when bending a wire, Fig. S is a top view of another bending machine for manual operation, Fig. 6 is a top view of variation of a bending machine.
The bending machine 1 shosn in Figs. 1 and 2 comprises a bench 2 with welded-on feet 3, 4. The bench 2 includes a straight slot S within which two bending devices 6, 7 are guided in easily displaceable but irrotational manner. This is accomplished by two rollers 8, 9 and 10, 11 mounted symmetrically with the center axis and of which the diameter corresponds to the width of the slot 5.
One rotary drive, for instance an electrical motor with a gear unit or a hydraulic actuator is mounted in each of bending devices 6, 7. Both drives actuate a shaft 12 and 13 of which the end holds a rotary disk 14 and 15 respectively. The rotary disks hold two bending components 16, 17 and 18, 19 extending parallel to the axes of ro~ation of the shafts 12, 13. Each consists of a shaft 21, 22 or 23, 24 connected to the rotary disk 14 or 1 and of a roller 25, 26 or 27, 28 mounted thereon. The rollers 25, 26 and 27, 28 pivot about the shafts 20, 21 and 22, 23 respectively.
The Figs. 3 and 4 show the main modes of operation of the bending machine of Figs. 1 and 2, namely as top views of the two bending devices 6, 7 or their rotary disks with the bending components 16, 17 and 18, 19. For the sake of clarity, the bench 2 is omitted.
Basically the rotary disks 14, 15 are in the position shown in Fig. 2 so that a length to be bent,-for instance a wire 29 can be inserted between the bending components 16, 17 and 18, 19. If now the two rotary disks 14, 15 are driven simultaneously and oppositely as indicated in Figs. 3 and 4 by the arrows C, D, E, F, then the bending components 16, 17 and 18, 19 are moved essentially transversely toward the wire 29 and thereby a bending torque is applied to the wire 29 which thereby begins to freely bend. In this process the spacing between the two rotary disks 14, 15 decreases automatically until the U shape shown in Fig. 4 is achieved. The bending radius depends on the distance between the rotary disks 14, 15 at the beginning of ' the bending procedure.
However the wire 29 also can be bent while the spacing between the two rotary disks 14, 15 remains fixed.
The circumstance that the spacing between the rotary disks 14, 15 no longer can be altered during the bending procedure is replaced by the rollers 25, 26 and 27, 28 allowing a corresponding escape slippage of the wire 29 provided it be fairly smooth. In both cases a strict bending torque is applied to the wire 29, that is, no additional forces arise.
The bending radius then depends on the particular preset spacing between the rotary disks 14, 15.
Fig. 5 shows another bending machine 32 applicable in particular as a portable handtool for use on construction sites. It comprises a base plate 33 supporting a hydraulic cylinder 34 within which moves a piston 35 of which the rod 36 projects upward. The lower side of the piston 35 shown in this view can be loaded through an aperture 37. A return spring 38 acts on the other piston side and forces the piston 35 down in the absence of pressure.
The upper and free end of the piston rod 36 is connected to a joint of two pressure-bars separating like a V. At their other ends, the pressure bars 40, 41 are connected through joints 42, 43 to two drive levers 44, 45 arranged in the manner of an inverted V and rotatably supported by bolts 46, 47 fixed to the base plate 33. When the piston 35 is pressure-loaded, the pressure bars 40, 41 are for_ed upward and thereby pivot the drive levers 44, 45 in the direction of the arrows K, L about the bolts 46, 47.

Furthermore two guide links 48 and 49 are freely rotatably supported by the bolts 46, 47 respectively. A

s -lo- ` 1336877 further guide link 50, 51 runs parallel in each case, being suspended in hinging manner from the drive lever 44 and 45 about centrally between the bolts 46 and 47 and the joints 42 and 43 respectively. The guide links 48, 50 and 49, 51 articulate at their other ends each on a bending device 52 and 53. In this manner the guide links 48, 50 together with the bending device 52 and further the guide links 49, 51 together with the bending device 53 form four-joint kinematics which can be pivoted toward or away from each _ other by the drive levers 44, 45.
The bending devices 52, 53 each consist of a rotary disk 54, 55 with bending components 56, 57 and 58, 59 projecting vertically from the plane of the drawing. As particularly clearly shown by the section A-A, the particular upper bending components 57, 58 consist of a stud bolt 60 and 61 and a roller 62, 63 slipped over it, whereas the lower bending component 56, 59 only consists of a stud bolt 65, 66. All four stud bolts 60, 61, 65, 66 project from the rear side. The guide links 48, 49, 50, 51 are linked to those projections.
In order to retain the mirror symmetry of both four-joint kinematics even when pivoting the drive levers 44, 45, the lower ends of the guide links 48, 49 are equipped with gear sections 67, 68 meshing together. In this manner the motion of the four-joint kinematics will be synchronized.
In the position shown, a straight wire 69 is placed between the bending components 56, 57, 58, 59. If now the piston 35 is loaded with compressed air through the aperture 37, then it will be forced upward together with the ~ ~:
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piston rod 36 and the pressure bars 40, 41. As a result, the drive levers 44, 45 are pivoted in the direction of the arrows K, L. This entails simultaneously a pivot motion of the four-joint kinematics with the bending devices 52, 53 which are rotated simultaneously and thereby apply a torque to the wire 69 at two sites. Therefore the wire 69 is bent in a sagging way between the bending devices 52, 53, the bending angle depending on the pivot angle of the drive levers 44, 45. The desired bending radius is determined by the spacing between the two bending devices 52, 53 dt the beginning of bending. The larger the spacing, the larger too the bending radius that will materialize.
This manual bending machine 32 therefore allows shaping wires with the desired bending radius and angle without thereby having to modify the machine 32 itself at all.
The bending machine 70 shown in Fig. 6 comprises a bench 71 with a straight slot 72. Two bending devices 73, 74 easily are displaced within this slot 72 but nevertheless they are irrotational. This can be carried out in the same manner as for the illustrative embodiment of Figs. 1 and 2.
The bending device on the left in this view comprises a bending component 75 acting as a support and fixed to said device, and a further bending component 76 spaced from the component 75. The bending component 76 is mounted to the free end of a piston rod 77 extending transversely to the slot 72 and is mounted by its other end to a piston 79 guided within a hydraulic cylinder 78. The hydraulic cylinder 78 is fixed on the bending device 73.

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The bending device 74 shown on the right in this Figure also comprises two bending components 80, 81 spaced apart and in this case each is seated on the free end of a piston rod 82, 83 extending transversely to the slot 72 and being guided by pistons 84, 85 in hydraulic cylinders 86, 87. These hydraulic cylinders 86, 87 are fixed on the bending device 74.
A wire 88 still straight is placed parallel to the slot 72 between the bending components 75, 76, 80, 81, and is shown shortened. Because of the pressure loading on the sides of the pistons 79, 84, 85 away from the piston rods 77, 82, 83, the bending components 76, 80, 81 are forced against the wire 88. In the same manner as for the previously described Figures, a torque is thereby impressed on the wire 88 which then begins to freely bend so as to sag downward between the two bending devices 73, 74. The spacing between the two bending devices 73, 74 automatically shortens during this process. Again the bending radius depends on the spacing between the bending devices 73, 74 at the beginning of bending.
The bending machine 70 shown in Fig. 6 obviousIy can also be designed in such a manner that it comprises two bending devices 73 or two bending devices 74 each time with mirror symmetry.

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Claims

1. A bending machine for bending workpieces in the form of continuous lengths, more particularly wires, pipes, cables, profiles or the like, comprising: two bending fixtures spaced one alongside the other and each having two bending pressure members and an associated drive for moving at least one of the respective two bending pressure members substantially transversely into bending engagement with the workpiece, said drives being set up to operate in opposite directions, characterised in that each said bending pressure member has a freely rotatable sleeve thereon for engagement with the workpiece such that the workpiece can move longitudinally in relation to said pressure members during bending.

2. A bending machine as claimed in claim 1 wherein at least one of the bending fixtures is guided in a manner movable relative to the other fixture in a plane perpendicular to the axis, said at least one of the bending fixtures being guided in a freely displaceable manner.

3. A bending machine as claimed in claim 1 wherein a slaving device is provided for decreasing the distance between the bending fixtures corresponding to the progress during the bending process, while only bending moments are exerted.

4. A bending machine as claimed in claim 2 wherein a slaving device is provided for decreasing the distance between the bending fixtures corresponding to the progress during the bending process while only bending moments are exerted.

5. A bending machine according to claim 1 wherein the bending fixtures can be set apart at different spacings.

6. A bending machine according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 wherein the bending fixtures are provided with a pivot drive.

7. A bending machine according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 wherein at least one of the bending fixtures is carried on a linear drive.

8. A bending machine according to claim 4 or 5 wherein the slaving device is in the form of pivoting devices to which the bending fixtures are attached, the pivoting devices being pivotable relative to one another via at least one drive.

9. A bending machine according to claim 2 wherein the bending fixtures can be set apart at different spacings.

10. A bending machine, comprising: (a) support means;
(b) first and second spaced cooperating bending means displaceably associated with said support means; (c) each of said bending means comprises first and second spaced cooperating bending components and the components of said first and second bending means define a first axis extending between said bending means and further define second and third axes extending generally transverse to said first axis and about which a length to be bent may pivot and each of said second and third axes is disposed between the components of one of said bending means and said components of each bending means being sufficiently spaced apart to receive therebetween a length to be bent which extends also between said bending means on said first axis; (d) drive means operably associated with at least one of the components of each of said bending means for causing displacement thereof relative to said first axis; and, (e) guide means operably associated with said support means and with each of said bending means so that displacement of said components by said drive means causes said components to move relative to said first axis and to engage a length to be bent extending between said bending means and received between the associated components and further causes said bending means to move along said guide means relative to each other so that the length pivots about said second and third axis and is bent intermediate said bending means.

11. The machine of claim 10, wherein: (a) said drive means including a linear actuator operably connected with each of said components.

12. The machine of claim 10, wherein said drive means includes: (a) means operably connecting said drive means with said bending means for causing said bending means to pivot relative to each other.

13. The machine of claim 10, wherein: (a) each of said components includes a sleeve rotatable relative to the associated bending means.

14. The machine of claim 13, wherein: (a) said drive means including a rotary drive for rotating said bending means about an axis equidistant the associated bending components.

15. The machine of claim 13, wherein said support means comprises: (a) a bench having a longitudinally extending slot therein; and, (b) means operably associated with each of said

16 bending means are received in said slot for permitting said bending means to move relative to each other.

16. The machine of claim 15, wherein: (a) said first axis overlying said slot.

17. The machine of claim 15, wherein: (a) means interconnect each of said bending means with the associated permitting means for allowing said bending means to each rotate relative to the associated permitting means.

18. A bending machine, comprising: (a)first and second spaced bending devices, each of said devices comprising first and second components and a bending means and each component extending from and defining an axis extending generally transverse to the associated bending means; (b) first drive means are operably associated with at least one of said components for driving said one component in a direction perpendicular to said axes so that a torque is applied to a length to be bent received between the components of each bending device and extending between said bending devices; (c) each of said devices is mounted to a pivot system, each of said pivot systems including two guide links and said systems cooperating for defining a four joint kinematics; and, (d) second drive means operably associated with said systems for causing actuation of said systems and thereby operation of said first drive means.

19. Bending machine defined in claim 18, wherein said guide links are parallel to one another and of the same length.

20. Bending machine as defined in claim 18, wherein means hingedly interconnect said guide links and hinge said bending devices about said axes.

21. Bending machine defined by claim 18, wherein a guide link of one bending device is synchronized by a gear unit with one guide link of the other bending device.

22. Bending machine as defined by claim 18, wherein two of said guide links rest on a pivot shaft of said four-joint kinematics.

23. Bending machine defined by claim 18, wherein said four-joint kinematics is suspended from a pivotably supported drive bar.

24. Bending machine as defined in claim 23, wherein said drive bars subtend a V-shape.

25. Bending machine as defined by claim 23, wherein each of said drive bars has a free end and said free ends are connected to a drive motor.

26. Bending machine as defined by claim 25, wherein said drive bars hinge on two pressure bars, defining a link quadrilateral, said drive motor is operably associated with said pressure bars.

27. A bending machine, comprising: (a) support means;
(b) first and second spaced bending means rotatably mounted to said support means: (c) each of said bending means comprises first and second spaced cooperating bending components rotatable on parallel axes, the components of said first and second bending means define a first axis extending between said bending means and second and third axes extending generally transverse to said first axis and about which a length to be bent may pivot and each of said second and third axes is disposed between the components of one of said bending means and the components of each bending means are sufficiently spaced apart to receive therebetween a length to be bent which extends also between said bending means on said first axis;
and, (d) drive means operably associated with each of said bending means for causing oppositely directed rotation thereof relative to said support means so that the associated bending components may move relative to said first axis and engage a length to be bent extending between said bending means and received between the associated bending components and thereby impress first and second torques on the length while permitting the length to move relative to the engaged rotatable bending components so that the length pivots about said second and third axes and is bent intermediate said bending means.

28. The machine of claim 27, wherein: (a) each of said bending components including a shaft extending parallel to the associated second or third axis and a roller rotatably mounted about the associated shaft.

29. The machine of claim 28, wherein: (a) said second and third axes being uniformly spaced relative to the associated bending components.

30. The machine of claim 29, wherein: (a) each of said bending means being rotatable on the associated second or third axis.

31. The machine of claim 27, wherein each bending means includes: (a) a rotatable shaft extending parallel to the associated second or third axis; (b) a disk secured to said shaft at one end thereof and rotatable therewith; and, (c) each of the associated bending components being secured to said disk and rotatable relative thereto.

32. The machine of claim 31, wherein: (a) each bending component being proximate the periphery of the associated disk.

33. The machine of claim 31, wherein: (a) the disks of said bending means lying on a common plane.

34. The machine of claim 31, wherein: (a) said second and third axes being coincident with the associated rotatable shafts.

35. The machine of claim 31, wherein: (a) each of said disks having an upper surface and a lower surface; (b) the bending components extending from the associated upper surface;
and, (c) said drive means being operably associated with each of said lower surfaces.

36. The machine of claim 27, wherein: (a) said drive means being selected from the group consisting of electric motors and hydraulic actuators.

37. The machine of claim 31, wherein each bending means includes: (a) a bending device secured to said support means;
and, (b) each of said shafts extending from and rotatable relative to the associated bending device.

38. The machine of claim 37, wherein: (a) each of said disks being spaced from the associated bending device.

39. The machine of claim 37, wherein: (a) there being a drive means for each bending means; and, (b) each drive means being mounted within the associated bending device.