14 unmissable Cappadocia attractions plus a quick guide to visiting Turkey’s most enchanting region.
Cappadocia is a breathtakingly beautiful part of Turkey (Turkiye) renowned for its otherworldly landscapes and rich historical significance. This area is best known for its unique geological formations known as fairy chimneys – towering rocks shaped by centuries of natural erosion.
These whimsical features, along with the honeycombed hills and extensive underground cities, give Cappadocia a surreal atmosphere.
Cappadocia’s cultural heritage is equally impressive, with its ancient cave dwellings and rock-cut churches adorned with intricate frescoes dating back to the Byzantine era. Add to that traditional Turkish food and wine in the vineyards of Uchisar, and this area truly has something for everyone.
Cappadocia has many opportunities for adventure, from quad biking and horseback riding to hiking and floating in a hot air balloon. This area is a truly remarkable region of Turkey that never fails to spark travellers’ imaginations.
I was so excited when some friends came to Turkey and wanted to check out. I had the perfect excuse. I hope some of my experiences will help you step into the magical world that is Cappadocia. Let’s jump in!
This Cappadocia Guide is a guest post.
About the author: Kimberly McCauley is the founder of The Art of Living in Turkey. She moved to Turkey in 2019 and has been exploring this beautiful country ever since. She loves to help people like yourself discover new places to see, learn all the things about Turkey and find the courage to go on an adventure.
Please note: This post contains affiliate links, meaning I may earn a commission if you make a purchase by clicking a link (at no extra cost to you). Learn more.
Cappadocia essentials
→ Top-rated Cappadocia hot air balloon experience: Cappadocia Balloon Ride and Champagne Breakfast (from $218 on Viator).
→ Transfer to your hotel from Kayseri Airport: Private hotel transfer with Tripster (from $13 on Viator).
→ Getting around Cappadocia: Full day car & guide rental (from $20 on Viator) or hire your own car through Local Rent (from 18 Euros/day).
→ Where to stay in Cappadocia – best cave hotels in Goreme: Artemis Cave Suites & Spa (luxury); Panoramic Cave Hotel (mid-range); Homestay Cave Hostel (budget).
14 unforgettable things to do in Cappadocia
Whether you’re planning a winter getaway or you want to brave a visit during the busy summer period, here are the best things to do in Cappadocia in any season.
1. Explore an underground city
Cappadocia, a region in central Turkey, is renowned for its unique geological formations known as fairy chimneys. However, what many visitors may not know is that there are underground cities hidden beneath these formations. These secret settlements were created by early Christians to protect themselves from persecution during the time of the Roman Empire.
They weren’t merely hiding places but were actually fully functioning communities with ventilation shafts, wells, stables, churches, and storage areas. As a home inspector, I was especially fascinated by the creative ventilation system.
We went to Derinkuyu, which boasts the deepest and largest underground cave 12 levels deep. Even though the Kaymakli underground city is smaller, with only eight levels, it is still quite impressive as well as older than Derinkuyu. Regardless, you should definitely visit one of them!
If you’re claustrophobic I would recommend heading to Derinkuyu as the tunnels in Kaymakli are lower, steeper, and much more narrow.
Related: Visiting Vardzia and Uplistsikhe, two cave cities in neighbouring Georgia.
2. Float over Cappadocia in a hot air balloon
A hot air balloon ride in Cappadocia is a once-in-a-lifetime experience that offers breathtaking views of the region’s distinctive landscape. As the sun rises over the fairy chimneys and underground cities, dozens of colourful balloons take to the skies, creating a truly magical scene.
The ride lasts for approximately one hour, during which passengers can take in panoramic views of the valleys, mountains, and rock formations below.
The hot air balloon companies in Cappadocia prioritise safety, and all pilots are highly experienced and licensed. Most companies also provide hotel pick-up and drop-off services, breakfast and champagne toast after the flight, and even commemorative certificates to mark the occasion.
For those of you who are scared of heights, it might still be worth trying. One of the girls who I took around was afraid of heights but she was determined to do it. By the time we were up in the air, she felt fine and was able to enjoy the ride.
Who knows… Maybe a balloon ride is just what you need to overcome your fear!
3. Hike in the Pink, Red & Rose Valleys to visit Cappadocia’s best sunset viewpoint
The Red Valley, Rose Valley and Pink Valley (Meskendir Valley) are three of the most stunning natural attractions in Cappadocia. All are known for their unique rock formations and stunning hiking trails that wind through the rocks, offering breathtaking views at every turn.
The Red Valley is named for its striking red rock formations. When the sunlight hits them, they appear to be glowing. The valley boasts a number of ancient churches and monasteries carved into the rock, making it not only a beautiful natural area but also an important historical site.
The Rose Valley, on the other hand, is known for its pink and rose-coloured rock formations. It’s especially stunning at sunset when the sky turns a deep shade of orange and pink.
There are several lookout points throughout both valleys that offer unparalleled views of the surrounding landscape, but the most popular is Sunset Point. Here, visitors can watch the sun dip below the horizon, casting a warm golden light over the valleys and making for an unforgettable experience.
The Red Valley and Rose Valley are not to be missed by any nature lover visiting Cappadocia.
Need more pink in your life? Also visit Lake Tuz, a natural pink lake an hours’ drive from Goreme.
4. Sign up for a horse-riding tour
Going on a horse-riding tour in Cappadocia is an unforgettable adventure that combines the thrill of equestrian exploration with the breathtaking landscapes of this unique region. As you saddle up and embark on your journey, you’ll find yourself immersed in the surreal beauty of Cappadocia’s valleys, fairy chimneys, and rock formations.
Skilled guides lead the way, ensuring both your safety and an enriching cultural experience. You’ll have the opportunity to venture off the beaten path, discovering hidden trails and encountering historical sites along the way.
Whether you’re a seasoned rider or a novice, Cappadocia’s horse-riding tours offer a perfect blend of adventure, tranquillity, and cultural immersion.
5. Visit the iconic Love Valley
Love Valley, nestled in the heart of Cappadocia, is a geological wonder that leaves visitors in awe with its unique and romantic charm. The valley gets its name from the surreal rock formations that take on gigantic phallic shapes!
These towering fairy chimneys, standing tall and proud, are a result of millions of years of volcanic activity and subsequent erosion. As you stroll through Love Valley, you’ll be mesmerised by the natural beauty and the sense of wonder it evokes. The warm hues of the rocks, especially during sunrise or sunset, add a touch of magic to the scenery.
Love Valley offers a serene and romantic ambiance, making it a popular spot for couples and nature lovers alike. Exploring the winding paths and marvelling at these extraordinary rock formations is an unforgettable experience that highlights the natural wonders of Cappadocia.
6. Admire the stunning rock formations at the Goreme Open-Air Museum
Goreme Open-Air Museum, one of many open-air museums in Cappadocia, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site that showcases the region’s rich historical and cultural heritage. This remarkable open-air museum is a testament to the unique rock-cut architecture and early Christian Byzantine art that flourished in Cappadocia during the 10th to 12th centuries.
The museum is home to a complex of rock-hewn churches, chapels, and monasteries that are beautifully adorned with well-preserved frescoes depicting biblical scenes and religious figures. As you wander through the museum’s winding paths, you’ll be transported back in time, marvelling at the intricate details and vibrant colours that have survived for centuries.
The religious significance and artistic craftsmanship of the rock-cut churches make Goreme Open-Air Museum an invaluable cultural treasure. It offers visitors a glimpse into the spiritual and artistic heritage of Cappadocia, inviting them to appreciate the fusion of nature, faith, and human creativity that shaped this extraordinary site.
There is one extra church, the Dark Church, that is not included in the entrance fee. In my opinion, it is worth paying a little bit extra to see it. You also aren’t supposed to take photos inside which adds to the intrigue. The colours in the frescoes are incredibly vibrant and save the vandalism, they are in good condition considering their age.
7. Climb Lover’s Hill at sunrise
Lover’s Hill is a place of enchantment and romance, particularly at sunrise. As the first rays of sunlight peak over the horizon, bathing the landscape in a soft golden glow, this idyllic hill becomes a haven for lovers and dreamers.
Perched atop the hill, with panoramic views of the surreal rock formations and the sprawling valleys below, one can’t help but feel a sense of serenity and awe. The tranquil silence is occasionally broken by the gentle rustle of the wind, adding to the serene atmosphere.
As the colours of the sky transform from hues of pink to fiery orange, the beauty of the surroundings becomes even more enchanting. Sharing this breathtaking moment with a loved one, hand in hand, makes it all the more special. Lover’s Hill at sunrise is a time and place where love and nature intertwine, creating a lasting memory and a reminder of the beauty and magic that exists in this world.
Or, as a single person like myself, you can enjoy the stillness before the busyness of the day with a thermos of coffee (or tea, if that’s your thing) as you watch the sunrise with perfection.
8. Go deep into the Ihlara Valley (Ihlara Vadisi)
This stunning gorge spans a length of 14 kilometres and reaches depths of up to 100 metres, offering visitors a unique opportunity to explore a hidden oasis nestled between towering rock formations.
The valley is home to a winding river, which flows through its centre and is surrounded by loads of green plants, which creates a stark contrast against the surrounding desert-like landscape. The valley also boasts a rich history, with several churches and monasteries carved directly into the rocks that line the gorge.
You can hike along the riverbank and explore these ancient sites, see incredible architecture and artwork that has been preserved for centuries. If you’re in Cappadocia, the Ihlara Valley is definitely worth visiting.
9. Follow the Pigeon Valley Hiking Trail
If you love nature and the outdoors then the Pigeon Valley hiking trail is the scenic adventure for you. As you head out on this epic trail, you’ll see towering cliffs and unique rock formations that resemble pigeon houses, giving the valley its name.
The trail winds through a stunning landscape and has panoramic views of the surrounding valleys and fairy chimneys. You’ll pass through fields of wildflowers and vineyards, which add to the charm of the journey. Pigeon Valley is also home to yet more ancient rock-cut churches, some of which can be explored along the trail.
The historical significance, natural beauty, and the opportunity to witness the harmonious coexistence of human and natural elements make the Pigeon Valley hiking trail an unforgettable experience. Whether you’re seeking a peaceful stroll or a more challenging hike, Pigeon Valley can meet you where you are.
10. Admire otherworldly rock formations in the Devrent Valley (Imaginary Valley)
Devrent Valley, also known as ‘Imagination Valley’ is a stunning destination. Renowned for its extraordinary rock formations that resemble various animal shapes and whimsical figures, Devrent Valley sparks the imagination and invites visitors into a surreal world of natural artistry.
As you explore the valley, you’ll encounter rock formations that resemble camels, dolphins, snakes, and more, each with its own unique charm. I didn’t believe it until I saw the camel so incredibly clearly. The barren landscape, with its soft pastel hues, adds an ethereal touch to the experience. The Devrent Valley is a paradise for photographers, artists, and those seeking to connect with nature’s creativity.
Walking through this enchanting valley feels like stepping into a dreamscape, where the boundaries between reality and fantasy blur. It’s a place that ignites child-like wonder and allows your imagination to roam freely.
12. See a traditional Whirling Dervishes performance
The Whirling Dervishes show and dinner is a captivating cultural experience that offers a glimpse into the mystical traditions of Sufism. Originating from the teachings of the 13th-century poet and philosopher Rumi, the Whirling Dervishes perform a mesmerising ritual known as the Sema.
The Sema is a graceful and spiritual dance that symbolises the journey of the soul toward unity with the divine. During the performance, the dervishes clad in white robes and tall conical hats spin in a meditative trance-like state, their movements synchronised with enchanting music.
The hypnotic whirling motion and the serene ambiance create a transcendent atmosphere, allowing spectators to witness a unique blend of devotion, discipline, and inner peace.
Accompanying the Whirling Dervishes show is a delectable dinner that showcases the flavours of Turkish cuisine. The dinner often includes a variety of traditional dishes, such as kebab, mezze, pide (Turkish pizza), and delicious desserts including baklava. It’s an opportunity to savour the rich and diverse culinary heritage of Turkey while enjoying the company of fellow guests.
13. Do a wine tasting in Uchisar & hike to Uchisar Castle
Uchisar Castle is a massive fortress that sits at the highest point in the region of Cappadocia. This historic castle was carved into soft volcanic rock. It served as a strategic lookout point during ancient times.
You can explore the many rooms and tunnels throughout the castle, all the while taking in stunning views of the surrounding valleys and vineyards. The castle also offers an excellent opportunity for wine tasting, with several local vineyards located nearby.
You can also sample a variety of Turkish wines while enjoying the spectacular views from the castle. It is the perfect combination of history, culture, and natural beauty. Wine tasting in Uchisar is definitely a must-do activity for anyone who appreciates good wine, stunning scenery, and unique cultural experiences.
14. Feast on testi kebab, a local specialty – one of the best things to do in Cappadocia for foodies
Testi kebab is a traditional Turkish dish that comes from Cappadocia. While you can get a testi kebab in other places throughout Turkey, it is especially special eating it in Cappadocia.
The name testi kebab means ‘pot kebab’ in English. It gets its name from this unique cooking method. Usually, it contains chunks of meat, such as lamb or beef, and a medley of vegetables, herbs, and spices.
The ingredients are placed inside a clay pot, sealed with dough, and slow-cooked over an open fire. This cooking technique allows the flavours to meld together while retaining the natural juices and tenderness of the meat.
This was truly one of the culinary delights of the trip for me. When they brought out the clay pot with the kebab, it had a layer of dough that had hardened during the cooking process. The server or chef carefully breaks open the clay pot using a mallet or other utensil and the tender meat, vegetables, and flavourful broth are carefully served in a clay dish.
How to get to Cappadocia from Istanbul
There are four ways to get from Istanbul to Cappadocia.
Flying to Cappadocia
The fastest and most convenient way is flying from Istanbul to Kayseri or Nevşehir, the two airports nearest to Cappadocia. There are multiple flights every day, and the journey takes approximately 1 hour. When you get there, you can take a shuttle bus or taxi to your hotel.
Overnight bus to Cappadocia
The bus journey takes approximately 10 hours and there are several bus companies that offer comfortable and affordable travel options. It ends up being about the same price as a flight and takes much longer, however. This makes it not worth it to me.
Private transfer to Cappadocia
Private car hire is a more expensive but comfortable option, where you can enjoy the scenic drive through the beautiful Turkish countryside.
Driving to Cappadocia
If you don’t fly, this is the only other option I would consider. If you rent a car, you have the ability to make it your own adventure. It will likely be a bit less expensive than hiring a driver as well.
Search for a low-cost hire car via Local Rent.
More Turkey trip ideas
- How to spend 4 days in Istanbul, the perfect itinerary for first-timers
- Guide to Arnavutkoy, Istanbul’s loveliest district
- Where to see an authentic Whirling Dervishes Sema in Istanbul
- Things to know before you visit Istanbul, practical travel tips
- Istanbul travel costs, full budget breakdown
- The most beautiful places to visit in Turkey, the ultimate bucket list
- Turkey in winter, stunning locations for a cold-weather break