A method and system for the transmission, reception, and processing of 4-level and 8-level signaling symbols is provided. An inventive modulator is provided for modulating 4-level signaling symbols using an 8-level modulator. Further, this inventive modulator is able to produce 4-level modulation when...http://www.google.com.au/patents/US6567475?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US6567475 - Method and system for the transmission, reception and processing of 4-level and 8-level signaling symbols