An ink jet recording head includes energy generators for generating the energy used to discharge ink and a substrate on which a circuit electrically connected to the energy generators is formed. Also provided is a protective member on an insulating layer on the substrate above the energy generators....http://www.google.com.au/patents/US5491505?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US5491505 - Ink jet recording head and apparatus having a protective member formed above energy generators for generating energy used to discharge ink