A difference of work functions in different metal thin films is suppressed without causing the increase of the manufacturing steps or the decrease of the optical performance. In a semi-transmissive reflective liquid crystal display apparatus 1 including a reflective electrode 62 and a transmissive electrode...http://www.google.com.au/patents/US8125595?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US8125595 - Metal material and its manufacturing method, thin-film device and its manufacturing method, element-side substrate and its manufacturing method, and liquid crystal display and its manufacturing method