WO2017129682A1

WO2017129682A1 - Cartridge for purification of water by electroactive adsorber material (zeta potential)

Info

Publication number: WO2017129682A1
Application number: PCT/EP2017/051652
Authority: WO
Inventors: Ralf SÖCKNICK; Wolfgang KUGELMANN
Original assignee: Grünbeck Wasseraufbereitung GmbH
Priority date: 2016-01-29
Filing date: 2017-01-26
Publication date: 2017-08-03
Also published as: DE202016100447U1; CN108602690A; EP3408228A1

Abstract

An apparatus for purification of water comprises a housing (4) having an untreated water feed (5) and a cartridge (10) inserted in the housing (4) which comprises: - a first ply (1) made of an electroactive adsorber material having an electrokinetic potential (zeta potential) in an aqueous environment at which microorganisms, in particular viruses and bacteria, present in the water accumulate by electroadsorption, - a second ply (2) made of an electroactive adsorber material, having an electrokinetic potential (zeta potential) in an aqueous environment, at which microorganisms, in particular viruses and bacteria, present in the water accumulate by electroadsorption, - and a third ply (3) arranged between the first ply (1) and the second ply (2) which contains an adsorbent at the surface of which particles or dissolved substances present in the water accumulate by physical and/or chemical adsorption, - wherein the plies (1, 2, 3) are each configured as a hollow cylinder and are arranged concentrically with respect to one another with the first ply (1) radially outermost and wherein arranged between the inside of the housing (4) and the radially outermost first ply (1) is an annular channel (8) in communication with the untreated water feed (5) for distribution of the untreated water in the cartridge (10). This apparatus allows simultaneous purification and disinfection/sterilization of water and both inorganic or organic impurities, for example trace substances and endocrine disruptors and also microorganisms, can be removed from the water.

Description

CARTRIDGE FOR CLEANING WATER BY ELECTROACTIVES

ADSORBER MATERIAL (ZETA POTENTIAL)

The invention relates to a device for purifying water. For the purification or treatment of water, especially of drinking water, different filters are known from the prior art. With a water filter, for example, turbid substances, microorganisms and undesired substances dissolved in the water can be removed or at least reduced in their concentration. Here, a distinction is made between water filters, either mechanical particles contained in the water, remove from the water, for example, by sieving techniques, or exploit the chemical-physical effects to remove contained or dissolved in water substances. The water filters which mechanically remove particles from the water include, for example, sieve filters or osmosis filters with a permeable filter membrane of predetermined pore size, eg micro-ultra or nanofilters, reverse osmosis modules or filters with a granular filter bed such as gravel, stone or sand filters. Depending on the pore size, particles with a particle size in the range from a few nm (ultrafiltration) to a few μm (microfiltration) can be separated from the water by means of filter membranes. With ultrafiltration membranes, it is possible to remove microorganisms whose diameter is typically in the range of 20 to 50 nm from the water. With reverse osmosis modules even particles with a particle size of less than 1 nm can be removed from the water. However, this requires a high filtration pressure (10 to 80 bar). Micro-ultrafiltration or nanofiltration membranes and RO filters have high flow resistance. Substances dissolved in the water, in particular organic substances, can be removed from the water by physical or chemical adsorption on an adsorbent material, such as, for example, activated carbon or zeolites. According to the definition in IUPAC, in physical adsorption (physisorption) adsorbed molecules are bound to an adsorbent by physical forces, in particular van der Waals forces. In chemical adsorption (chemisorption), adsorbed molecules are bound to an adsorbent by chemical bonds (caused by valence forces), whereby the adsorbed molecules and / or the adsorbent are chemically altered. If the substances dissolved in the water are ions, they can also be removed from the water by ion exchange using an ion exchange material. Furthermore, electrostatically charged particles such as microorganisms, which are regularly negatively charged, can be removed from the water by electroadsorption on an electroactive material which has a ZETA potential, in particular an electropositive ZETA potential, in an aqueous environment.

From WO 03/000407 Al an electroactive adsorber material for the adsorption of microorganisms from water is known. The electroactive adsorbent material is an electropositive nonwoven composite comprising a mixture of nanoaluminum oxide particles or fibers and a support structure, for example, glass fiber based. Due to the electropositive ZETA potential of the textile composite material in an aqueous environment, this adsorbent material is able to remove electrostatically negatively charged particles from a liquid to be purified by electroadsorption. The electroactive adsorber material known from WO 03/000407 A1 is arranged, for example, on the surface of a membrane or used as a filter bed and the liquid to be purified, in particular water, is passed through the membrane or the filter bed. In this case, negatively charged particles, in particular microorganisms having a particle size of less than 1 μm, are bound to the adsorber material by electroadsorption. In particular microorganisms, in particular viruses and bacteria, can be removed from the water with this known adsorber material in order to sterilize the water. However, the known electroactive adsorber material is not suitable for removing uncharged particles. Since the beginning of the 1990s, endocrine-disrupting substances in waters have attracted scientific and public interest. Endocrine-disrupting substances are substances that can influence and disturb the normal hormonal activity of humans and animals. If the influence of the endocrine active substances leads to impairments of the hormone system, the substances are also referred to as endocrine disruptors. Such endocrine disruptors may be naturally occurring or synthetically produced. Examples of endocrine disruptors that are partially detectable in food and feed, and especially in drinking water, include pesticides, dioxins, PCBs and bisphenol A (BPA). Endocrine disruptors may also be caused by pharmaceuticals containing endocrine disruptors, such as the anti-baby pill, Analgesics, thyroid hormone replacement products or X-ray contrast media through the domestic or clinical wastewater into the water cycle. Frequently, such substances contained in the water already act in very low concentrations in the μg or ng range per liter as endocrine disruptors.

For the removal of endocrine active substances or other organic or inorganic impurities in water, e.g. Trace and / or micropollutants may include water filters based on adsorbent materials, such as e.g. Activated carbon, are used. From DE 10 2013 006 711 AI a method and a filter device for the treatment or purification of water based on an adsorption filter is known which contains an adsorption material based on activated carbon. The inorganic or organic impurities to be removed from the water are thereby bound by physical adsorption on the adsorption material and thereby removed from the water. However, with the use of adsorbent materials in water filters, there is a risk of nucleation or proliferation in the adsorbent material, which can result in undesirable contamination of the filtered water.

Microbial contamination of the adsorption material can be observed, above all, in activated carbon-based adsorption filters. There, the microorganisms suspended in the drinking water, such as bacteria, viruses and occasionally also lower fungi, can colonize the adsorption material. For example, even after a relatively short period of operation, microcolonies and entire biofilms can coat the activated charcoal granulate in a fixed bed feeder. Depending on the nutrient content of the raw water biofilms of different characteristics can be formed. The reason for the rapid spread of microorganisms in such adsorption filters is the good pathway of the relatively large interspaces activated carbon beds. Moreover, the microorganisms embedded in such a biofilm are also able to use compounds already adsorbed in the activated carbon from the water to be filtered as a nutrient source. If such substances have accumulated on the adsorption material after prolonged operation of the filter, this can additionally promote the development of biofilm. If the activated carbon in an activated carbon filter is not constantly flowed through by raw water, there is a particularly high risk of contamination, because it then forms on the surface of the activated carbon a moist environment, which offers ideal conditions for the propagation of germs. For these reasons, activated charcoal adsorption filters are very suitable for removal trace contaminants, micropollutants and endocrine disruptors from water, however, pose a high risk of contamination.

On this basis, the object of the invention is to provide a device for purifying water, with which both a disinfection or sterilization of the water and the reliable removal of inorganic or organic impurities, such as e.g. Trace substances and endocrine disruptors is made possible. In this case, an efficient and uniform as possible flow of water through the device should be carried out at the lowest possible flow resistance. This should make it possible to arrange the device, for example, at a point of use for drinking water, without suffering a pressure loss.

This object is achieved with a device for the purification of water with the features of claim 1. Preferred embodiments of the device according to the invention can be found in the dependent claims.

The inventive device comprises a housing with a raw water inlet and a cartridge inserted in the housing, which contains a first layer and a second layer of an adsorbent material (adsorbent), wherein the first and the second layer each of an electroactive adsorber with an electrokinetic potential in an aqueous environment (ZETA potential) are formed, at which microorganisms contained in the water, in particular viruses and germs, accumulate by electroadsorption. An electroactive adsorber material is understood to mean an adsorbent having an electrokinetic potential which is different from zero in an aqueous environment (and in particular in the pH range from 3 to 9), at which charged particles can accumulate by electrostatic adsorption. The cartridge further contains a third layer, which is arranged between the first and the second layer and contains an adsorbent, on the surface of which particles or solutes present in the water are adsorbed by physical and / or chemical adsorption. The layers of the cartridge are each formed as a hollow cylinder and arranged concentrically with each other with the first layer radially outwardly, wherein between the inside of the housing and the radially outer first layer with the raw water inlet in connection standing annular channel for uniform distribution of the raw water in the Cartridge is arranged. The water to be purified is introduced through the raw water inlet into the housing and over the annular channel so introduced into the arranged in the housing cartridge that the water in the cartridge first flows through the first layer, then the third layer and finally the second layer. In this case, microorganisms contained in the first and second layers in the water are bound by electroadsorption to the electroactive adsorber material of the first or second layer and thereby removed from the water. As it flows through the third layer arranged between the first and the second layer, non-polar particles or dissolved substances, including dissolved polar substances, in the water are bound to the adsorbent of the third layer by physical and / or chemical adsorption and in this way from the water away. The physical or chemical adsorption takes place by enrichment and binding of the polar or non-polar substances on the surface, in particular the inner surface, of the adsorbent of the third layer.

The device according to the invention is therefore able to remove both charged particles, in particular negatively charged microorganisms, and also uncharged particles and nonpolar dissolved substances, in particular inorganic or organic contaminants such as trace substances and endocrine-active substances, from the water. This prevents the water to be purified by microbial contamination of the adsorbent of the third layer can be contaminated. In order to ensure this, the third layer is arranged between the first and the second layer, each of which contains an electroactive adsorber material to which microorganisms contained in the water, in particular viruses and germs, accumulate by electroadsorption. The third layer with the physical or chemical adsorbent is surrounded on both sides, ie, upstream and downstream of the water flow, by the electroactive adsorber material of the first or the second layer, for which reason microorganisms which are present in the physical or chemical Adsorbent of the third layer can be caused by natural multiplication, not get out of the device according to the invention and thus can not contaminate the already purified water. At the same time it is ensured that the porous or powdery adsorption material of the third layer can not escape from the device, because any charged particles of the adsorbent, which are carried by the water stream can be bound in the downstream arranged second layer by electroadsorption. In this case, a flow reversal can take place, without it being possible for a (retrograde) contamination of the water flowing in the opposite direction (that is to say from the second, through the third and finally through the first layer) to occur. To ensure efficient electroadsorption of microorganisms contained in the water on the electroactive adsorber material of the first and the second layer, the electroactive adsorber material of the first and the second layer knows in aqueous environment and preferably in the pH range of 3 to 9, in particular from 5 to 8, an electropositive potential (ZETA potential).

The (physical or chemical) adsorbent of the third layer may, for example, be activated carbon, silica gel or a zeolite or else a combination of these materials. The adsorbent may expediently be in the form of a block or as a bed of adsorbent granules.

In a preferred embodiment, the device according to the invention is at least substantially cylindrical, wherein the cylindrical cartridge consists of the three each formed as a hollow cylinder and arranged coaxially to each other layers, wherein the first layer is arranged radially outward and the second layer radially inwardly and to be cleaned Water flows through the cartridge radially from outside to inside. The cartridge, consisting of the first, the second and the third layer, is expediently exchangeable arranged in the likewise cylindrically shaped housing. At the cylindrical housing while a connection piece is arranged, which contains the raw water inlet.

The housing has expediently a raw water inlet and expediently via an outlet for discharging the purified water and arranged in the interior of the housing and connected to the output collecting channel in which the purified water is collected and passed to the output. The collecting channel is expediently arranged radially inwardly and extends in the axial direction of the cartridge. The raw water, which preferably flows in through the raw water inlet at the end into the housing, is distributed uniformly in the annular channel, from there in the radial direction first through the radially outer first layer, then through the third layer and finally through the radially inner second layer into the collecting channel ,

Both the first layer and the second layer may expediently be formed from an electroactive adsorber material having a flat carrier material and be shaped as a wound body or as a pleat body. This represents a great effective Adsorberfläche the first and the second layer and a simple construction safely and ensures low flow resistance. The adsorbent disposed between the first layer and the second layer of the third layer may be formed, for example, as a sintered body.

These and other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent from the exemplary embodiment described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings show:

Figure 1: Schematic representation of a device according to the invention for the purification of water;

Figure 2: perspective exploded view of a preferred embodiment of a device according to the invention;

FIG. 3: an exploded perspective view of the device of FIG. 2 with a housing shown in half section;

FIG. 4 shows a sectional view of the device of FIG. 3 with a detailed view of a connecting piece arranged on the housing;

Figure 5: sectional view of another embodiment of a device according to the invention.

In Figure 1, an adsorber arrangement is shown schematically, which can be used in the device according to the invention for the purification of water. The adsorber arrangement comprises a first layer 1 and a second layer 2. These are each formed from an electroactive adsorber material having an electrokinetic potential (ZETA potential) in an aqueous environment. Due to the electrokinetic potential of the electroactive adsorber material of the first layer 1 and the second layer 2, microorganisms contained in the water, for example viruses and germs which are regularly electrically charged, can accumulate on the adsorber material due to electroadsorption. Microorganisms contained in the water are usually negatively charged. Therefore, suitable for the Forming the adsorbent material of the first layer 1 and the second layer 2 particularly expedient an electropositive adsorbent material which has a positive electrokinetic ZETA potential in an aqueous environment and in particular in the typical pH range of drinking water between 6.5 to 9.

Such electroactive adsorber materials may be formed, for example, by non-woven fabrics or textile composites containing metal oxides, in particular aluminum oxide and / or aluminum hydroxides and / or boehmite and / or zirconium oxide and / or zirconium hydroxide. The electroactive adsorber material may also contain a silicate, such as aluminum or calcium silicate. Electroactive adsorber materials containing silicates such as aluminum or calcium silicates are electronegatively charged and therefore can also remove positively charged particles from the water by electroadsorption on the adsorber material. Particularly useful is the formation of the adsorbent material of the first and the second layer formed by a mixture of micro- or nanoparticles or fibers of a metal oxide with a carrier material, for example a non-woven fabric as a carrier material and incorporated thereon or polymer, carbon or glass fibers. The electroactive adsorber material of the first and second layers may also comprise a ceramic carrier material provided with a coating containing a metal oxide and / or a metal hydroxide and / or boehmite or zirconium oxide or zirconium hydroxide.

A cartridge for the device according to the invention is formed from the first layer 1, the second layer 2 and a third layer 3, wherein the first and the second layer of an electroactive adsorber material with an electrokinetic potential (zeta potential) exist in an aqueous environment, and the third layer 3 contains at least one adsorbent on whose (inner) surface particles or dissolved substances present in the water can accumulate by physical and / or chemical adsorption (physisorption or chemisorption). Preferably, the adsorbent of the third layer 3 is (micro) porous materials, such as activated carbon or zeolites. The third layer 3 may also contain other adsorption materials which bind microorganisms by physisorption and / or chemisorption, such as silica gel or carbon powder. The adsorber arrangement shown schematically in Figure 1 consisting of the first layer 1, the second layer 2 and the third layer 3 is traversed by the water to be purified in a flow direction S, the water first, the first layer 1, then the third layer 3 and then the second layer 2 flows through. As it flows through the first layer 1 microorganisms contained in the water are attached due to their electrical charge by electroadsorption on the electroactive adsorber of the first layer 1 and thereby removed from the water. The thus already largely freed from microorganisms water then flows through the third layer 3. There are in water particles or dissolved substances, such as organic or inorganic based impurities, trace substances or micropollutants, by physical and / or chemical adsorption on the adsorbent of the third Layer 3 attached and thereby removed from the water.

Thereafter, the water flows through the second layer 2. There, on the one hand, microorganisms still contained in the water are deposited by electroadsorption on the electroactive adsorber material of the second layer 2 and thus removed from the water. On the other hand, charged particles of the adsorbent of the third layer 3, which have been entrained in the flow of water through the third layer 3 from the water stream, bound in the second layer 2 by electroadsorption on the electroactive adsorber and thereby removed from the water.

The second layer 2 ensures that microorganisms, such as viruses and germs, which have formed by natural multiplication in the adsorbent of the third layer 3, can not get out of the device. This avoids that the water to be purified in the third layer 3 is contaminated by microorganisms formed there again when the water flows through the third layer 3.

Particularly suitably, the third layer 3 is formed as adsorber block of a porous adsorbent, for example, an activated carbon or a zeolite block or a porous sintered material. Suitably, the adsorber block of the third layer 3 is a sintered body. Alternatively, the third layer 3 may also contain a bed of a powdered or granular adsorbent, for example in the form of activated carbon powder or zeolite granules. The adsorbent of the third layer 3 is encapsulated by the first and the second layer 1, 2. This can eg. The powdery or granular adsorbent the middle, third layer 3 between the first layer 1 and the second layer 2 are held. The layers 1, 2, 3 can also be arranged in an intermediate housing with a liquid-permeable outer wall. The first layer 1 and the second layer 2 are particularly preferably formed in the form of a winding or a pleated body. Such winding or pleat bodies can be produced by winding or pleat-shaped folding of a flat adsorber material. Particularly suitable for this purpose are electroactive textile composites or flat support materials which (as described above) are coated with an electroactive metal (hydro) oxide or a metal (hydro) oxide, for example in the form of microparticles or nanoparticles or metal (hydro) oxide. Contain fibers.

In FIGS. 2 to 4 a preferred embodiment of a device according to the invention with the adsorber arrangement shown in FIG. 1 with the layers 1 to 3 is shown. The adsorber assembly consisting of the layers 1 to 3 is formed as a cylindrical cartridge 10, which contains the respective formed as a hollow cylinder layers 1-3. The hollow cylinder of the first layer 1 in this case has an inner diameter which is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the hollow cylinder of the third layer 3 and the inner diameter of the hollow cylinder of the third layer 3 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the hollow cylinder of the second layer 2. Die Hohlzylinder der first, third and second layers are concentric with each other as shown in FIG. The cartridge 10 is arranged in a cylindrical housing 4 with a cylinder jacket 4a and a closed bottom 4b. Suitably, the cartridge 10 is removable from the housing 4 in order to replace the adsorber with the layers 1 to 3 can. For closing and opening the housing 4, a removable cover 4c is provided (FIGS. 3 and 4).

In the illustrated embodiment of Figures 2 to 4, the first layer 1 and the second layer 2 are each formed as a hollow cylindrical pleated body of a flat, electroactive adsorber material, which is pleated folded pleated. The flat adsorber material of the first and the second layer 2 is in each case folded in a pleated manner along folds which run along the axis of the hollow cylinder of the layers 1 and 2. The outer edges of the flat adsorber material are joined together to form a hollow cylinder along an axial connecting line, for example, by adhering the outer edges of the flat adsorber material. The first and the second layer 1, 2 may be formed in this embodiment of a device according to the invention also by hollow cylindrical wound winding body of a flat electroactive adsorber. Between the hollow cylinders of the first layer 1 and the second layer 2, the third layer 3 is arranged. This is formed as a hollow cylindrical block of an adsorbent, preferably activated carbon.

The adsorber assembly with the layers 1 to 3 in the form of concentric nested hollow cylinder surrounds in the device according to the invention in the center of the arrangement axially extending collecting channel 7. The diameter of the substantially tubular and extending in the axial direction of the cartridge 10 collection channel 7 corresponds to the inner diameter of the hollow cylinder the radially inner second layer. 2

As shown in Figure 2, a disc-shaped cap 11 is provided on the front-side upper side of the cartridge 10 with the three layers 1 to 3. This cap 11 comprises a circumferential collar 11 Ib on the outer circumference of the cap 11, which surrounds the outer circumference of the radially outer first layer 1 in the upper region. As a result, the three layers 1, 2, 3 are held together to form the cartridge 10. The inner surface of the cap 11 is liquid-tightly connected to the (upper) end faces of the layers 1, 2, 3, for example by gluing. In the center of the disc-shaped cap 11, a hollow cylindrical outlet port I Ia is formed, which is connected to an outlet opening in the cap 11. The outlet 1 la is connected via this outlet opening with the collecting channel 7. On the underside of the cartridge 10, a disc-shaped bottom 12 is arranged with a circumferential collar 12a on the outer circumference. The inner surface of the bottom 12 is also liquid-tightly connected to the (lower) end faces of the layers 1, 2, 3, for example by gluing.

From Figures 3 and 4 it can be seen how the cartridge 10 is arranged consisting of the layers 1, 2 and 3, the bottom 12 and attached to the front-side top cap 11 in the housing 4. The cartridge 10 is placed with its bottom 12 on the housing bottom 4b, wherein expediently on the inside of the housing bottom 4b, an annular spacer 4b "is provided, on which rests the underside of the bottom 12 of the adsorber. Between the outer periphery of the radially outer first layer 1 and the inner circumference of the cylinder jacket 4 a of the housing 4, an annular channel 8 is formed. At the top of the housing 4, the housing cover 4c is placed on the cylinder jacket 4a. The housing cover 4c is formed substantially disc-shaped with a circumferential on the outer circumference and the outer circumference of the cylinder jacket 4a encompassing flange. In the center of the disc-shaped lid 4c, an opening 13 is provided. The housing cover 4c has a connecting piece 9 integrally formed in the center. This connecting piece 9, which is shown in detail in the insert of FIG. 4, is substantially hollow-cylindrical and has an outlet 6 and a raw water inlet 5 arranged concentrically therewith. The raw water inlet 5 is formed by a coaxial with the exit 6 arranged annular channel and has connection openings 5 ', which can be connected to a raw water line. In the axially extending output 6 of the connecting piece 9 of the outlet nozzle I Ia of the lid 11 engages, as shown in Figure 4 can be seen. Between the underside of the housing cover 4c and the top of the cap 11, a gap 8 'is provided, which is in communication with the annular channel 8.

For the purification of raw water with the apparatus shown in Figures 3 and 4, a raw water pipe is connected to the raw water inlet 5. The raw water to be purified flows through the raw water inlet 5 first into the intermediate space 8 'and is distributed from there into the annular channel 8. From this, the raw water flows in the radial direction from outside to inside through the cartridge 10, wherein first the radially outer first layer 1, then the third layer 3 and finally the radially inner second layer 2 is flowed through. The water that has flowed through the layers 1, 3 and 2, collects in the central collecting channel 7 and can leave the device through the output 6 from there.

In the described embodiment of a device according to the invention, the flow direction of the water to be purified can also be reversed, so that the raw water is introduced through the central channel 7 and first the radially inner second layer 2, then the third layer 3 and finally the radially outer first Layer 1 flows through. For a corresponding flow reversal, it can also come in the described embodiment of the device by a (generated by a pump or unintentional) negative pressure on the side of the radially outer first layer 1. FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment of a device according to the invention, which is used in a position rotated by 180 ° in comparison to the device of FIG. In this case, a venting of the central collecting channel 7 by an inner riser 17, which surrounds the collecting channel 7 and for this purpose is arranged in the center of the device and radially inwardly and radially spaced from the inner layer 2. The riser 17 is connected at its lower end shown in Figure 5 to the output 6 and has at its opposite end an opening which is spaced from the inner surface of the bottom 12 of the cartridge 10, so that between the mouth of the riser 17th and the bottom 12, a gap 16 results. The flow direction of the inflowing into the raw water inlet 5 water is shown in Figure 5 with arrows. As can be seen, the water flows from the raw water inlet 5 via the gap 8 'in the annular channel 8 and from there in the radial direction (in this order) through the layers 1, 3 and 2. Between the inner circumference of the radially inner layer 2 and the outer periphery of the riser 17, a distance is provided which forms an inner annular channel 15, in which collects the purified water. Once the inner annular channel 15 is completely filled with purified water and the water level in the inner annular channel 15 exceeds the mouth of the riser 17, purified water passes into the riser 17 and there due to gravity down to the output 6. The riser 17 is doing while filling the device a vent safe.

Claims

claims

1. A device for purifying water, comprising

a housing (4) with a raw water inlet (5) and one in the housing (4) used

Cartridge (10), which contains:

a first layer (1) of an electroactive adsorber material having an electrokinetic potential (zeta potential) in an aqueous environment, to which microorganisms contained in the water, in particular viruses and germs, are adsorbed by electroadsorption,

a second layer (2) of an electroactive adsorber material having an electrokinetic potential (zeta potential) in an aqueous environment, to which microorganisms contained in the water, in particular viruses and germs, accumulate by electroadsorption,

and a third layer (3) arranged between the first layer (1) and the second layer (2) and containing an adsorbent on the surface of which particles or solutes present in the water are adsorbed by physical and / or chemical adsorption,

- wherein the layers (1, 2, 3) each formed as a hollow cylinder and concentric with each other with the first layer (1) are arranged radially outboard and wherein between the inside of the housing (4) and the radially outer first layer (1) a ring channel (8) communicating with the raw water inlet (5) for distributing the raw water in the cartridge (10) is arranged.

2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the electroactive material of the first and the second layer (1, 2) in an aqueous environment in the pH range of 3 to 9 an electrokinetic potential (zeta potential), in particular a positive electrokinetic potential , having.

3. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is the adsorber of the first and the second layer (1, 2) is an electropositive textile composite or a nonwoven fabric and / or that the adsorber material is a metal oxide, in particular Aluminum oxide and / or aluminum hydroxide and / or boehmite and / or zirconium oxide and / or Zirconium hydroxide, and / or a silicate, in particular aluminum or calcium silicate.

4. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adsorbent material of the first and the second layer (1, 2) a mixture of micro- or nanoparticles or fibers of a metal oxide with a carrier material, in particular polymer, carbon or Glass fibers or a mixture thereof, or consists of such a mixture.

5. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adsorbent material of the first and the second layer (1, 2) comprises a ceramic carrier material or a non-woven fabric, which is provided with a coating containing a metal oxide and / or a metal hydroxide ,

6. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is the adsorbent of the third layer (3) is a porous material, in particular activated carbon, silica, in particular silica gel and / or a zeolite.

7. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the third layer (3) is formed of a sintered body.

8. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the housing (4) and the cartridge inserted therein (10) are substantially cylindrical, wherein in the cartridge (10), the first layer (1) radially outward and the second Position (2) lying radially inward and the third layer (3) is disposed therebetween, whereby the middle third layer (3) of the other two layers (1, 2) is encapsulated.

9. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cartridge (10) is arranged exchangeably in the housing (4).

10. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the housing (4) has at least one raw water inlet (5) and an outlet (6) for discharging the purified water and that in the interior of the housing (4) a collecting duct (7) connected to the outlet is arranged, in which the purified water is collected.

11. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that the collecting channel (7) is arranged radially inwardly and extends in the axial direction of the cartridge (10).

12. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the raw water flows through the raw water inlet (5) in the housing (4) and the front side into the cartridge (10) and therein the layers (1, 2, 3) radially from the outside flows through inside.

13. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the housing (4) has a cylinder jacket (4a), a closed bottom (4b) and a cylinder jacket (4a) patch lid (4c), wherein on the lid (4c) a connection piece (9) is arranged, which contains the raw water inlet (5) and the outlet (6).

14. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first layer (1) and / or the second layer (2) are formed from an adsorbent material with a flat carrier material and formed as a wound body or as a pleated body.

15. Device according to one of claims 10 to 14, characterized in that the collecting channel (7) by a riser pipe (17) is limited, which is arranged radially inside and at a radial distance from the inner layer (2).

16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the riser (17) at one end to the output (6) is connected and at the other end at a distance from the inner surface of the bottom (12) of the cartridge (10) arranged mouth.

17. The apparatus of claim 15 or 16, wherein between the inner circumference of the radially inner layer (2) and the outer circumference of the riser (17), an inner annular channel (15) is formed, in which collects the purified water.