WO2015150679A1 - Voltage converter for an on-board electrical machine in a vehicle - Google Patents

Voltage converter for an on-board electrical machine in a vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015150679A1
WO2015150679A1 PCT/FR2015/050815 FR2015050815W WO2015150679A1 WO 2015150679 A1 WO2015150679 A1 WO 2015150679A1 FR 2015050815 W FR2015050815 W FR 2015050815W WO 2015150679 A1 WO2015150679 A1 WO 2015150679A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
control unit
voltage
switches
converter
control
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2015/050815
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Yoann LEGENDRE
Stéphane Leclercq
Original Assignee
Valeo Systemes De Controle Moteur
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Valeo Systemes De Controle Moteur filed Critical Valeo Systemes De Controle Moteur
Priority to JP2016559982A priority Critical patent/JP6666261B2/en
Priority to EP15720211.0A priority patent/EP3127226A1/en
Publication of WO2015150679A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015150679A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a voltage converter for an electrical machine embedded in a vehicle.
  • the invention relates to a DC / AC voltage converter for supplying an electric motor of an air conditioning compressor on board a vehicle.
  • the invention also relates to a compressor for refrigerant fluid embedded in a vehicle.
  • An air conditioning compressor is known embedded in a vehicle, especially for cooling a passenger compartment.
  • the document FR2814783A1 describes an example of such a compressor comprising a mechanism for compressing a refrigerant fluid driven by a dedicated electric motor, and powered by a voltage converter.
  • the compression mechanism, the electric motor and the voltage converter are in a single housing, possibly being arranged in particular housings of the housing.
  • the voltage converter includes switches connected to a high voltage battery for powering the electric motor.
  • the voltage converter is isolated from the rest of the vehicle, including a low voltage circuit of the vehicle.
  • US6137705 discloses a voltage converter which is isolated from the low voltage circuit of the vehicle by an insulating element between the control unit of the converter and the low voltage circuit of the vehicle. This is a security isolation).
  • the converter also includes an isolation between the control unit of the switches and the control unit of the converter. In this case it is a functional insulation.
  • the isolation between the control unit of the switches and the control unit of the converter is achieved by the gate oxide of a field effect transistor.
  • the gate oxide has a parasitic capacitance which causes currents that can be dangerous due to rapid changes in voltage.
  • the gate oxide is also fragile, which leads to a risk of loss of insulation.
  • the isolation voltage is limited.
  • the invention relates to a voltage converter for an electrical machine embedded in a vehicle, comprising:
  • control unit for supplying a control signal to said switches so as to convert the input voltage to the output voltage
  • At least one control unit of said switches for adapting said control signals delivered by the control unit in order to control said switches;
  • an isolating transformer having at least one primary winding and at least one at least one secondary winding, arranged between said control unit and functional elements of said control unit so as to allow signal transmission between the control unit and the control unit through a magnetic circuit.
  • a galvanic isolation separates the control unit from the control unit of the switches.
  • the transformer is more reliable in its electrical isolation function than the gate oxide of a field effect transistor disclosed in the prior art.
  • the galvanic isolation has a parasitic capacitance between the windings which is very low. The impedance is then stronger and does not favor the passage of the current. This current could be harmful in terms of electromagnetic compatibility, or for the components themselves. The potential disturbances within the control unit are therefore reduced, this one has a better robustness.
  • the control unit in the converter according to the invention has less latch-up effect.
  • the transformer Thanks to the transformer, a transmission of a signal, in particular a voltage signal, between the control unit and the control unit can be ensured even if the control and control units have very different mass levels. .
  • the isolation transformer allows a better immunity of the control signals. Controls and signal variations can be faster, which improves switching losses.
  • the voltage converter may be a converter converting an alternating voltage into a DC voltage or vice versa, or a converter converting a DC voltage to a DC voltage.
  • the converter can be used to power the electrical machine and / or to recover a voltage delivered by the electric machine.
  • the switches are arranged in one or more arms, an arm comprising at least two switches in series separated by a midpoint.
  • the transformer comprises a primary winding connected to the control unit and a secondary winding for each transistor of the arm.
  • a single transformer can be used for all the switches of an arm, which reduces the size of the voltage converter.
  • the circuit of the primary winding and the circuit of the secondary winding are connected to the same voltage mass. This has the advantage of simplifying the circuit of the converter.
  • said mass is common to the mass to which one end of the arms is connected.
  • this makes it possible to use a single power supply for all the drive units of the converter.
  • the invention also relates to a refrigerant circuit compressor comprising a fluid compression mechanism coupled to an electric motor, said compressor further comprising a housing housing said mechanism compression, said motor, and a converter according to the invention for supplying said electric motor.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a circuit comprising a voltage converter according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a switch control unit that can be used in the converter of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an example of an isolation transformer that can be used in the control unit of FIG. 2.
  • the circuit of FIG. 1 comprises a DC / AC or inverter voltage converter 10 which converts a DC input voltage delivered by a voltage source 12 into an AC output voltage to power an electric motor M.
  • the motor M is coupled to a refrigerant compression mechanism (not shown).
  • the compression mechanism, the motor M and the voltage converter 10 form a compressor for an electrically controlled refrigerant circuit.
  • a compressor is for example a cabin air conditioning compressor on board a vehicle.
  • the voltage converter 10 includes switches A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C2 arranged to convert the DC input voltage to the AC output voltage.
  • the switches are arranged in arms A, B, C.
  • Each arm comprises two switches in series separated by a midpoint.
  • the voltage converter 10 comprises three arms A, B, C to supply the motor M which is three-phase.
  • Each arm has one end connected to the positive terminal of the voltage source 12 and the other end connected to the ground GND HT of the voltage source 12.
  • the switches A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C2, C3 may be field effect transistors, for example MOS or IGBT. These switches include a freewheeling diode in parallel with the transistor. This diode may in particular be intrinsic to the transistor.
  • the converter 10 comprises a control unit UC which delivers a signal to the switches A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C2, C3 to control them in closing and opening so as to convert the DC input voltage into an alternative output voltage. to control a rotation of the electric motor M.
  • the converter 10 comprises a control unit UP for adapting the control signal, in particular its voltage, delivered by the control unit UC.
  • the control unit UC adapts the control signal for a control of the switch.
  • a controller 15 controls the converter 10 by communicating with the control unit UC.
  • the voltage source 12 is a high voltage source having for example a voltage of between 250V and 450V.
  • Other electrical components of the vehicle may be powered by a low voltage source 13 having, for example, a voltage between 9V and 16V, and a corresponding mass GND BT.
  • the low voltage source 13 supplies the controller 15.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary PU driving unit.
  • the control unit UP comprises an isolation transformer 14 which is arranged between the control unit UC and functional elements 16 of the control unit UP. These functional elements 16 adapt the control signal delivered by the control unit UC in order to control the respective switch, and are known in themselves.
  • the control unit UP receives as input a signal delivered by the control unit UC.
  • the control unit UP may comprise a signal processing unit 9 which adapts the signal delivered by the control unit UC for transmission via the isolation transformer 14.
  • the processing unit 9 converts the signal into a frequency modulated signal.
  • Amp amplifiers may be present at the output of the processing unit 9 to amplify the signal delivered to the isolation transformer 14.
  • the control unit UP may further comprise a processing unit 11 at the output of the isolation transformer 14 to adapt the signal from the transformer 14 to the functional elements 16.
  • the processing unit 11 demodulates the signal from the transformer 14.
  • the isolation transformer 14 a galvanic isolation is obtained between the UP control and the control unit UC while allowing a signal transmission between the control unit UC and the control unit UP.
  • the isolation transformer 14 makes it possible to drive the switches more quickly without risk of deterioration of the insulation, and to minimize the currents. of common mode responsible for this degradation.
  • a gate oxide can break and cause an insulation fault, the transformer 14, being better insulated by construction, will be more robust. The transformer 14 thus provides a more robust insulation.
  • the transformer 14 can support a mass shift between the control unit UC and the control unit UP.
  • the transformer 14 can provide a transmission of a signal, in particular a voltage signal, between the control unit UC and the control unit UP, even if the control units UC and control unit UP have different mass levels. This can particularly happen for the control unit UP of the switch A1, B1, C1 which is situated on the top side of an arm A, B, C, that is to say a switch A1, B1, C1 which is connected to the positive terminal of the voltage source 12 by one of its terminals.
  • control unit UP may comprise other components.
  • control unit UP may comprise another circuit comprising a processing unit 9, an isolation transformer 14 and a processing unit 11 similar to those illustrated in FIG. 2, and arranged in parallel but conversely, it is that is to say, the processing unit 9 being on the side of the functional elements 16 and the processing unit 11 being on the input side of the control unit UP.
  • This second circuit has operation similar to that illustrated in Figure 2 and allows an isolated signal transmission between the control unit UP and the control unit UC.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of the isolation transformer 14.
  • the isolation transformer 14 comprises a primary winding 141 and a secondary winding 142 wound on respective branches of a magnetic circuit 140 for channeling the flow.
  • the primary winding 141 creates a magnetic flux that flows through the circuit 140 to induce a voltage in the secondary winding 142.
  • the secondary winding 142 thus delivers a signal from the control unit UC to control functional elements dedicated to a transistor of an arm A, B, C.
  • the isolation transformer 14 comprises a second secondary winding. This second secondary winding delivers the control signal to functional elements dedicated to the other transistor of the arm
  • a single isolation transformer 14 can be used for the two transistors of the arm, which reduces the bulk of the voltage converter 10
  • the electrical circuit 143 connected to the primary winding 141 and the electrical circuit 144 connected to the secondary winding 142 may be connected to the same voltage mass. This can in particular be the case for the switch A2, B2, C2 of an arm A,
  • the mass of the electrical circuits 143, 144 connected to the primary windings 141 and secondary 142 is common to the mass GND HT at which one end of the arms A, B, C is connected.
  • the converter is simplified.
  • the converter is simplified in that it is not necessary to provide electrical isolation between the UC control units and their power supply.
  • an insulation barrier 20 can be provided between the high voltage and low voltage circuits so as to avoid endangering a user because of the propagation of a high voltage on the low voltage circuit.
  • An isolated communication element 19, such as an optocoupler, for example, may be arranged between the controller 15 and the control unit UC of the converter 10 to provide communication through the isolation barrier 20.
  • An isolated power supply 17, such as a flyback converter, can be used to supply components located on the high voltage side by a voltage coming from the low voltage source 13.
  • the voltage converter 10 is particularly adapted to be integrated in a compressor for refrigerant circuit embedded in a vehicle.
  • the converter could have a number of three arms different from three.

Abstract

The invention relates to a voltage converter for an on-board electrical machine in a vehicle, including: switches arranged such as to convert an input voltage into an output voltage; a control unit intended for outputting a control signal to said switches such as to convert the input voltage into the output voltage; at least one operating unit (UP) for operating said switches such as to adapt said control signals output by the control unit in order to control said switches; an isolating transformer (14), having at least one primary winding and at least one secondary winding, arranged between said control unit and functional elements (16) of said operating unit (UP) such as to enable signal transmission between the control unit and the operating unit (UP) via a magnetic circuit, in which the circuit of the primary winding and the circuit of the secondary winding are connected to the same voltage mass.

Description

CONVERTISSEUR DE TENSION POUR UNE MACHINE ELECTRIQUE EMBARQUEE DANS UN VEHICULE  VOLTAGE CONVERTER FOR AN ELECTRIC MACHINE BOOTED IN A VEHICLE
La présente invention concerne un convertisseur de tension pour une machine électrique embarquée dans un véhicule. En particulier, l'invention concerne un convertisseur de tension continue/alternatif pour alimenter un moteur électrique d'un compresseur de climatisation embarqué dans un véhicule. L'invention concerne aussi un compresseur pour fluide réfrigérant embarqué dans un véhicule. The present invention relates to a voltage converter for an electrical machine embedded in a vehicle. In particular, the invention relates to a DC / AC voltage converter for supplying an electric motor of an air conditioning compressor on board a vehicle. The invention also relates to a compressor for refrigerant fluid embedded in a vehicle.
On connaît un compresseur de climatisation embarqué dans un véhicule, notamment pour refroidir un habitacle. Le document FR2814783A1 décrit un exemple d'un tel compresseur comprenant un mécanisme de compression d'un fluide réfrigérant entraîné par un moteur électrique dédié, et alimenté par un convertisseur de tension. Le mécanisme de compression, le moteur électrique et le convertisseur de tension sont dans un seul boîtier, en étant éventuellement agencés dans des logements particuliers du boîtier.  An air conditioning compressor is known embedded in a vehicle, especially for cooling a passenger compartment. The document FR2814783A1 describes an example of such a compressor comprising a mechanism for compressing a refrigerant fluid driven by a dedicated electric motor, and powered by a voltage converter. The compression mechanism, the electric motor and the voltage converter are in a single housing, possibly being arranged in particular housings of the housing.
Typiquement, le convertisseur de tension comprend des interrupteurs connectés à une batterie haute tension pour alimenter le moteur électrique. Pour des besoins de sécurisation, en particulier pour éviter une électrocution d'un utilisateur, le convertisseur de tension est isolé du reste du véhicule, notamment d'un circuit basse tension du véhicule. Le document US6137705 décrit un convertisseur de tension qui est isolé du circuit basse tension du véhicule par un élément isolant entre l'unité de commande du convertisseur et le circuit basse tension du véhicule. Il s'agit d'une isolation de sécurité).  Typically, the voltage converter includes switches connected to a high voltage battery for powering the electric motor. For security purposes, in particular to avoid electrocution of a user, the voltage converter is isolated from the rest of the vehicle, including a low voltage circuit of the vehicle. US6137705 discloses a voltage converter which is isolated from the low voltage circuit of the vehicle by an insulating element between the control unit of the converter and the low voltage circuit of the vehicle. This is a security isolation).
Le convertisseur comprend également une isolation entre l'unité de pilotage des interrupteurs et l'unité de commande du convertisseur. Il s'agit dans ce cas d'une isolation fonctionnelle. L'isolation entre l'unité de pilotage des interrupteurs et l'unité de commande du convertisseur est réalisée par l'oxyde de grille d'un transistor à effet de champ. Cependant, l'oxyde de grille présente une capacité parasite ce qui entraine des courants pouvant être dangereux liés aux variations rapides de la tension. L'oxyde de grille est également fragile, ce qui entraine un risque de perte de l'isolation. En outre, la tension d'isolement est limitée.  The converter also includes an isolation between the control unit of the switches and the control unit of the converter. In this case it is a functional insulation. The isolation between the control unit of the switches and the control unit of the converter is achieved by the gate oxide of a field effect transistor. However, the gate oxide has a parasitic capacitance which causes currents that can be dangerous due to rapid changes in voltage. The gate oxide is also fragile, which leads to a risk of loss of insulation. In addition, the isolation voltage is limited.
Il se pose donc le problème d'amélioration de l'isolation entre l'unité de pilotage des interrupteurs et l'unité de commande du convertisseur.  There is therefore the problem of improvement of the insulation between the control unit of the switches and the control unit of the converter.
Afin de résoudre ce problème, l'invention concerne un convertisseur de tension pour une machine électrique embarquée dans un véhicule, comprenant :  In order to solve this problem, the invention relates to a voltage converter for an electrical machine embedded in a vehicle, comprising:
- des interrupteurs agencés de façon à convertir une tension d'entrée en une tension de sortie ;  switches arranged to convert an input voltage to an output voltage;
- une unité de commande destinée à délivrer un signal de commande auxdits interrupteurs de façon à convertir la tension d'entrée en la tension de sortie ;  a control unit for supplying a control signal to said switches so as to convert the input voltage to the output voltage;
- au moins une unité de pilotage desdits interrupteurs pour adapter lesdits signaux de commande délivrés par l'unité de commande afin de commander les dits interrupteurs ;  at least one control unit of said switches for adapting said control signals delivered by the control unit in order to control said switches;
- un transformateur d'isolement, ayant au moins un enroulement primaire et au moins un enroulement secondaire, agencé entre ladite unité de commande et des éléments fonctionnels de ladite unité de pilotage de façon à permettre une transmission de signal entre l'unité de commande et l'unité de pilotage à travers un circuit magnétique. an isolating transformer having at least one primary winding and at least one at least one secondary winding, arranged between said control unit and functional elements of said control unit so as to allow signal transmission between the control unit and the control unit through a magnetic circuit.
Grâce au transformateur, une isolation galvanique sépare l'unité de commande de l'unité de pilotage des interrupteurs. Le transformateur est plus fiable dans sa fonction d'isolation électrique que l'oxyde de grille d'un transistor à effet de champ divulguée dans l'art antérieur. L'isolation galvanique présente une capacité parasite entre les enroulements qui est très faible. L'impédance est alors plus forte et ne favorise pas le passage du courant. Ce courant pourrait être nocif en termes de compatibilité électromagnétique, ou pour les composants eux mêmes. Les potentielles perturbations au sein de l'unité de pilotage sont donc réduites, celle-ci a une meilleure robustesse. En particulier, l'unité de pilotage dans le convertisseur selon l'invention présente moins d'effet de latch-up.  Thanks to the transformer, a galvanic isolation separates the control unit from the control unit of the switches. The transformer is more reliable in its electrical isolation function than the gate oxide of a field effect transistor disclosed in the prior art. The galvanic isolation has a parasitic capacitance between the windings which is very low. The impedance is then stronger and does not favor the passage of the current. This current could be harmful in terms of electromagnetic compatibility, or for the components themselves. The potential disturbances within the control unit are therefore reduced, this one has a better robustness. In particular, the control unit in the converter according to the invention has less latch-up effect.
Grâce au transformateur, une transmission d'un signal, en particulier un signal de tension, entre l'unité de commande et l'unité de pilotage, peut être assuré même si les unités de commande et de pilotage ont des niveaux de masse très différents.  Thanks to the transformer, a transmission of a signal, in particular a voltage signal, between the control unit and the control unit can be ensured even if the control and control units have very different mass levels. .
Le transformateur d'isolement permet une meilleure immunité des signaux de commande. Les commandes et les variations des signaux peuvent être plus rapides, ce qui améliore les pertes en commutation.  The isolation transformer allows a better immunity of the control signals. Controls and signal variations can be faster, which improves switching losses.
Le convertisseur de tension peut être un convertisseur convertissant une tension alternative en une tension continue ou inversement, ou un convertisseur convertissant une tension continue en tension continue. En particulier, le convertisseur peut permettre d'alimenter la machine électrique et/ou de récupérer une tension délivrée par la machine électrique.  The voltage converter may be a converter converting an alternating voltage into a DC voltage or vice versa, or a converter converting a DC voltage to a DC voltage. In particular, the converter can be used to power the electrical machine and / or to recover a voltage delivered by the electric machine.
Selon un mode de réalisation, les interrupteurs sont agencés en un ou plusieurs bras, un bras comprenant au moins deux interrupteurs en série séparés par un point milieux.  According to one embodiment, the switches are arranged in one or more arms, an arm comprising at least two switches in series separated by a midpoint.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le transformateur comprend un enroulement primaire relié à l'unité de commande et un enroulement secondaire pour chaque transistor du bras. Ainsi, un seul transformateur peut être utilisé pour tous les interrupteurs d'un bras, ce qui diminue l'encombrement du convertisseur de tension.  According to one embodiment, the transformer comprises a primary winding connected to the control unit and a secondary winding for each transistor of the arm. Thus, a single transformer can be used for all the switches of an arm, which reduces the size of the voltage converter.
Selon un mode de réalisation, le circuit de l'enroulement primaire et le circuit de l'enroulement secondaire sont reliés à une même masse de tension. Ceci a pour avantage de simplifier le circuit du convertisseur.  According to one embodiment, the circuit of the primary winding and the circuit of the secondary winding are connected to the same voltage mass. This has the advantage of simplifying the circuit of the converter.
Selon un mode de réalisation, ladite masse est commune à la masse à laquelle une extrémité des bras est connectée. Outre la simplification du circuit du convertisseur, ceci permet d'utiliser une seule alimentation pour toutes les unités de pilotage du convertisseur.  According to one embodiment, said mass is common to the mass to which one end of the arms is connected. In addition to simplifying the converter circuit, this makes it possible to use a single power supply for all the drive units of the converter.
L'invention concerne également un compresseur pour circuit de fluide réfrigérant comprenant un mécanisme de compression du fluide accouplé à un moteur électrique, ledit compresseur comprenant en outre un boîtier logeant ledit mécanisme de compression, ledit moteur, et un convertisseur selon l'invention destiné à alimenter ledit moteur électrique. The invention also relates to a refrigerant circuit compressor comprising a fluid compression mechanism coupled to an electric motor, said compressor further comprising a housing housing said mechanism compression, said motor, and a converter according to the invention for supplying said electric motor.
L'invention sera mieux comprise en faisant référence aux dessins, dans lesquels : - la figure 1 illustre un circuit comprenant un convertisseur de tension selon l'invention ; The invention will be better understood with reference to the drawings, in which: FIG. 1 illustrates a circuit comprising a voltage converter according to the invention;
- la figure 2 illustre un exemple d'unité de pilotage d'interrupteur utilisable dans le convertisseur de la figure 1 ;  FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a switch control unit that can be used in the converter of FIG. 1;
- la figure 3 illustre un exemple de transformateur d'isolement utilisable dans l'unité de pilotage de la figure 2.  FIG. 3 illustrates an example of an isolation transformer that can be used in the control unit of FIG. 2.
Le circuit de la figure 1 comprend un convertisseur de tension DC/AC ou onduleur 10 qui convertit une tension d'entrée continue délivrée par une source de tension 12 en une tension de sortie alternative pour alimenter un moteur électrique M.  The circuit of FIG. 1 comprises a DC / AC or inverter voltage converter 10 which converts a DC input voltage delivered by a voltage source 12 into an AC output voltage to power an electric motor M.
En particulier, le moteur M est accouplé à un mécanisme de compression de fluide réfrigérant (non représenté). Le mécanisme de compression, le moteur M et le convertisseur de tension 10 forment un compresseur pour circuit de fluide réfrigérant commandé électriquement. Un tel compresseur est par exemple un compresseur de climatisation d'habitacle embarqué dans un véhicule.  In particular, the motor M is coupled to a refrigerant compression mechanism (not shown). The compression mechanism, the motor M and the voltage converter 10 form a compressor for an electrically controlled refrigerant circuit. Such a compressor is for example a cabin air conditioning compressor on board a vehicle.
Le convertisseur de tension 10 comprend des interrupteurs Al, A2, Bl, B2, Cl, C2 agencés de façon à convertir la tension d'entrée continue en la tension de sortie alternative. En particulier, les interrupteurs sont agencés en bras A, B, C. Chaque bras comprend deux interrupteurs en série séparés par un point milieux. Dans l'exemple considéré le convertisseur de tension 10 comprend trois bras A, B, C pour alimenter le moteur M qui est triphasé. Chaque bras a une extrémité connectée à la borne positive de la source de tension 12 et l'autre extrémité connectée à la masse GND HT de la source de tension 12.  The voltage converter 10 includes switches A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C2 arranged to convert the DC input voltage to the AC output voltage. In particular, the switches are arranged in arms A, B, C. Each arm comprises two switches in series separated by a midpoint. In the example considered the voltage converter 10 comprises three arms A, B, C to supply the motor M which is three-phase. Each arm has one end connected to the positive terminal of the voltage source 12 and the other end connected to the ground GND HT of the voltage source 12.
Les interrupteurs Al, A2, Bl, B2, Cl , C2, C3 peuvent être des transistors à effet de champ, par exemple MOS ou IGBT. Ces interrupteurs comprennent une diode de roue libre en parallèle du transistor. Cette diode peut être en particulier intrinsèque au transistor.  The switches A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C2, C3 may be field effect transistors, for example MOS or IGBT. These switches include a freewheeling diode in parallel with the transistor. This diode may in particular be intrinsic to the transistor.
Le convertisseur 10 comprend une unité de commande UC qui délivre un signal aux interrupteurs Al, A2, Bl, B2, Cl, C2, C3 pour les commander en fermeture et ouverture de façon à convertir la tension d'entrée continue en tension de sortie alternative pour contrôler une rotation du moteur électrique M.  The converter 10 comprises a control unit UC which delivers a signal to the switches A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C2, C3 to control them in closing and opening so as to convert the DC input voltage into an alternative output voltage. to control a rotation of the electric motor M.
Le convertisseur 10 comprend une unité de pilotage UP pour adapter le signal de commande, en particulier sa tension, délivré par l'unité de commande UC. L'unité de pilotage UC adapte le signal de commande pour un pilotage de l'interrupteur.  The converter 10 comprises a control unit UP for adapting the control signal, in particular its voltage, delivered by the control unit UC. The control unit UC adapts the control signal for a control of the switch.
Typiquement, dans un véhicule, un contrôleur 15 contrôle le convertisseur 10 en communiquant avec l'unité de commande UC.  Typically, in a vehicle, a controller 15 controls the converter 10 by communicating with the control unit UC.
La source de tension 12 est une source haute tension ayant par exemple une tension comprise entre 250V et 450V.. D'autres composants électriques du véhicule peuvent être alimentés par une source basse tension 13 ayant par exemple une tension comprise entre 9V et 16V, et une masse correspondante GND BT. Par exemple, la source basse tension 13 alimente le contrôleur 15. The voltage source 12 is a high voltage source having for example a voltage of between 250V and 450V. Other electrical components of the vehicle may be powered by a low voltage source 13 having, for example, a voltage between 9V and 16V, and a corresponding mass GND BT. For example, the low voltage source 13 supplies the controller 15.
La figure 2 illustre un exemple d'unité de pilotage UP. L'unité de pilotage UP comprend un transformateur d'isolement 14 qui est agencé entre l'unité de commande UC et des éléments fonctionnels 16 de l'unité de pilotage UP. Ces éléments fonctionnels 16 adaptent le signal de commande délivré par l'unité de commande UC afin de piloter l'interrupteur respectif, et sont connus en soit.  Figure 2 illustrates an exemplary PU driving unit. The control unit UP comprises an isolation transformer 14 which is arranged between the control unit UC and functional elements 16 of the control unit UP. These functional elements 16 adapt the control signal delivered by the control unit UC in order to control the respective switch, and are known in themselves.
L'unité de pilotage UP reçoit en entrée un signal délivré par l'unité de commande UC. L'unité de pilotage UP peut comprendre une unité de traitement de signal 9 qui adapte le signal délivré par l'unité de commande UC pour une transmission par l'intermédiaire du transformateur d'isolement 14. Par exemple, l'unité de traitement 9 transforme le signal en un signal modulé en fréquence. Des amplificateurs Amp peuvent être présents en sortie de l'unité de traitement 9 pour amplifier le signal délivré au transformateur d'isolement 14. L'unité de pilotage UP peut en outre comprendre une unité de traitement 11 en sortie du transformateur d'isolement 14 pour adapter le signal provenant du transformateur 14 pour les éléments fonctionnels 16. Par exemple, l'unité de traitement 11 effectue une démodulation du signal provenant du transformateur 14. Grâce au transformateur d'isolement 14 une isolation galvanique est obtenue entre l'unité de pilotage UP et l'unité de commande UC tout en permettant une transmission de signal entre l'unité de commande UC et l'unité de pilotage UP. Par rapport à l'art antérieur dans lequel une isolation est obtenue par une grille de transistor à effet de champ, le transformateur d'isolement 14 permet de piloter les interrupteurs plus rapidement sans risque de détérioration de l'isolement, et de minimiser les courants de mode commun responsables de cette dégradation. Un oxyde de grille peut se rompre et provoquer un défaut d'isolement, le transformateur 14, étant mieux isolé par construction, sera plus robuste. Le transformateur 14 fournit donc une isolation plus robuste.  The control unit UP receives as input a signal delivered by the control unit UC. The control unit UP may comprise a signal processing unit 9 which adapts the signal delivered by the control unit UC for transmission via the isolation transformer 14. For example, the processing unit 9 converts the signal into a frequency modulated signal. Amp amplifiers may be present at the output of the processing unit 9 to amplify the signal delivered to the isolation transformer 14. The control unit UP may further comprise a processing unit 11 at the output of the isolation transformer 14 to adapt the signal from the transformer 14 to the functional elements 16. For example, the processing unit 11 demodulates the signal from the transformer 14. Thanks to the isolation transformer 14, a galvanic isolation is obtained between the UP control and the control unit UC while allowing a signal transmission between the control unit UC and the control unit UP. Compared to the prior art in which an insulation is obtained by a field effect transistor gate, the isolation transformer 14 makes it possible to drive the switches more quickly without risk of deterioration of the insulation, and to minimize the currents. of common mode responsible for this degradation. A gate oxide can break and cause an insulation fault, the transformer 14, being better insulated by construction, will be more robust. The transformer 14 thus provides a more robust insulation.
Le transformateur 14 peut supporter un décalage de masse entre l'unité de commande UC et l'unité de pilotage UP. Autrement dit, le transformateur 14 peut assurer une transmission d'un signal, en particulier un signal de tension, entre l'unité de commande UC et l'unité de pilotage UP, même si les unités de commande UC et de pilotage UP ont des niveaux de masse différents. Ceci peut particulièrement arriver pour l'unité de pilotage UP de l'interrupteur Al, Bl, Cl qui est situé côté haut d'un bras A, B, C, c'est-à-dire un interrupteur Al, Bl, Cl qui est connecté à la borne positive de la source de tension 12 par une de ses bornes.  The transformer 14 can support a mass shift between the control unit UC and the control unit UP. In other words, the transformer 14 can provide a transmission of a signal, in particular a voltage signal, between the control unit UC and the control unit UP, even if the control units UC and control unit UP have different mass levels. This can particularly happen for the control unit UP of the switch A1, B1, C1 which is situated on the top side of an arm A, B, C, that is to say a switch A1, B1, C1 which is connected to the positive terminal of the voltage source 12 by one of its terminals.
En figure 2, seuls les éléments nécessaires à la compréhension de l'invention sont représentés. L'unité de pilotage UP peut comprendre d'autres composants. Notamment, l'unité de pilotage UP peut comprendre un autre circuit comprenant une unité de traitement 9, un transformateur d'isolement 14 et une unité de traitement 11 similaires à ceux illustrés en figure 2, et agencés en parallèle mais inversement, c'est- à-dire l'unité de traitement 9 étant du côté des éléments fonctionnels 16 et l'unité de traitement 11 étant du côté de l'entrée de l'unité de pilotage UP. Ce deuxième circuit a un fonctionnement similaire à celui illustré en figure 2 et permet une transmission de signal isolée entre l'unité de pilotage UP et l'unité de commande UC. In Figure 2, only the elements necessary for the understanding of the invention are shown. The control unit UP may comprise other components. In particular, the control unit UP may comprise another circuit comprising a processing unit 9, an isolation transformer 14 and a processing unit 11 similar to those illustrated in FIG. 2, and arranged in parallel but conversely, it is that is to say, the processing unit 9 being on the side of the functional elements 16 and the processing unit 11 being on the input side of the control unit UP. This second circuit has operation similar to that illustrated in Figure 2 and allows an isolated signal transmission between the control unit UP and the control unit UC.
La figure 3 illustre un mode de réalisation du transformateur d'isolement 14. Le transformateur d'isolement 14 comprend un enroulement primaire 141 et un enroulement secondaire 142 enroulés sur des branches respectives d'un circuit magnétique 140 de canalisation de flux. L'enroulement primaire 141 crée un flux magnétique qui parcourt le circuit 140 pour induire une tension dans l'enroulement secondaire 142.  FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of the isolation transformer 14. The isolation transformer 14 comprises a primary winding 141 and a secondary winding 142 wound on respective branches of a magnetic circuit 140 for channeling the flow. The primary winding 141 creates a magnetic flux that flows through the circuit 140 to induce a voltage in the secondary winding 142.
L'enroulement secondaire 142 délivre donc un signal issu de l'unité de commande UC vers des éléments fonctionnels de pilotage dédiés à un transistor d'un bras A, B, C. Dans un mode de réalisation, le transformateur d'isolement 14 comprend un deuxième enroulement secondaire. Ce deuxième enroulement secondaire délivre le signal de commande vers des éléments fonctionnels dédiés à l'autre transistor du bras The secondary winding 142 thus delivers a signal from the control unit UC to control functional elements dedicated to a transistor of an arm A, B, C. In one embodiment, the isolation transformer 14 comprises a second secondary winding. This second secondary winding delivers the control signal to functional elements dedicated to the other transistor of the arm
A, B, C. Ainsi, un seul transformateur d'isolement 14 peut être utilisé pour les deux transistors du bras, ce qui diminue l'encombrement du convertisseur de tension 10A, B, C. Thus, a single isolation transformer 14 can be used for the two transistors of the arm, which reduces the bulk of the voltage converter 10
Le circuit électrique 143 lié à l'enroulement primaire 141 et le circuit électrique 144 lié à l'enroulement secondaire 142 peuvent être reliés à une même masse de tension. Ceci peut en particulier être le cas pour l'interrupteur A2, B2, C2 d'un bras A,The electrical circuit 143 connected to the primary winding 141 and the electrical circuit 144 connected to the secondary winding 142 may be connected to the same voltage mass. This can in particular be the case for the switch A2, B2, C2 of an arm A,
B, C qui est situé côté bas, c'est-à-dire un interrupteur A2, B2, C2 qui est connecté à la masse de la source de tension 12 par une de ses bornes. B, C which is located low side, that is to say a switch A2, B2, C2 which is connected to the ground of the voltage source 12 by one of its terminals.
En particulier, la masse des circuits électriques 143, 144 liés aux enroulements primaires 141 et secondaire 142 est commune à la masse GND HT à laquelle une extrémité des bras A, B, C est connectée. Ainsi une seule alimentation peut être utilisée pour toutes les unités de pilotage UC du convertisseur de tension 10, le convertisseur en est simplifié. En particulier, le convertisseur est simplifié en ce qu'il n'est pas nécessaire de prévoir une isolation électrique entre les unités de pilotage UC et leur alimentation électrique.  In particular, the mass of the electrical circuits 143, 144 connected to the primary windings 141 and secondary 142 is common to the mass GND HT at which one end of the arms A, B, C is connected. Thus a single power supply can be used for all the control units UC of the voltage converter 10, the converter is simplified. In particular, the converter is simplified in that it is not necessary to provide electrical isolation between the UC control units and their power supply.
Pour effectuer une isolation de sécurité entre la haute tension et la basse tension, une barrière d'isolation 20 peut être prévue entre les circuits haute tension et basse tension de façon à éviter une mise en danger d'un utilisateur du fait de la propagation d'une haute tension sur le circuit basse tension. Un élément 19 de communication isolée, tel qu'un optocoupleur par exemple, peut être agencé entre le contrôleur 15 et l'unité de commande UC du convertisseur 10 pour assurer une communication à travers la barrière d'isolation 20. Une alimentation isolée 17, telle qu'un convertisseur flyback, peut être utilisée pour alimenter des composants situés côté haute tension par une tension issue de la source basse tension 13.  To effect a safety isolation between the high voltage and the low voltage, an insulation barrier 20 can be provided between the high voltage and low voltage circuits so as to avoid endangering a user because of the propagation of a high voltage on the low voltage circuit. An isolated communication element 19, such as an optocoupler, for example, may be arranged between the controller 15 and the control unit UC of the converter 10 to provide communication through the isolation barrier 20. An isolated power supply 17, such as a flyback converter, can be used to supply components located on the high voltage side by a voltage coming from the low voltage source 13.
Le convertisseur de tension 10 est particulièrement adapté pour être intégré dans un compresseur pour circuit de fluide réfrigérant embarqué dans un véhicule.  The voltage converter 10 is particularly adapted to be integrated in a compressor for refrigerant circuit embedded in a vehicle.
L'invention n'est pas limitée aux exemples décrits. En particulier, le convertisseur pourrait comporter un nombre de trois bras différent de trois.  The invention is not limited to the examples described. In particular, the converter could have a number of three arms different from three.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Convertisseur de tension (10) pour une machine électrique (M) embarquée dans un véhicule, comprenant : A voltage converter (10) for an electrical machine (M) embedded in a vehicle, comprising:
- des interrupteurs (Al, A2, Bl, B2, Cl, C2, C3) agencés de façon à convertir une tension d'entrée en une tension de sortie ;  switches (A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C2, C3) arranged to convert an input voltage to an output voltage;
- une unité de commande (UC) destinée à délivrer un signal de commande auxdits interrupteurs (Al, A2, Bl, B2, Cl, C2, C3) de façon à convertir la tension d'entrée en la tension de sortie ;  - a control unit (UC) for supplying a control signal to said switches (A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, C2, C3) so as to convert the input voltage to the output voltage;
- au moins une unité de pilotage (UP) desdits interrupteurs pour adapter lesdits signaux de commande délivrés par l'unité de commande afin de commander les dits interrupteurs ;  at least one control unit (UP) of said switches for adapting said control signals delivered by the control unit in order to control said switches;
- un transformateur d'isolement (14), ayant au moins un enroulement primaire (141) et au moins un enroulement secondaire (142), agencé entre ladite unité de commande (UC) et des éléments fonctionnels (16) de ladite unité de pilotage (UP) de façon à permettre une transmission de signal entre l'unité de commande (UC) et l'unité de pilotage (UP) à travers un circuit magnétique  an isolation transformer (14), having at least one primary winding (141) and at least one secondary winding (142), arranged between said control unit (UC) and functional elements (16) of said control unit (UP) to allow signal transmission between the control unit (UC) and the control unit (UP) through a magnetic circuit
dans lequel le circuit (143) de l'enroulement primaire (141) et le circuit (144) de l'enroulement secondaire (142) sont reliés à une même masse de tension (GND HT).  wherein the circuit (143) of the primary winding (141) and the circuit (144) of the secondary winding (142) are connected to the same voltage ground (GND HT).
2. Convertisseur selon la revendication 1, dans lequel les interrupteurs sont agencés en un ou plusieurs bras (A, B, C), un bras comprenant au moins deux interrupteurs en série séparés par un point milieux. 2. Converter according to claim 1, wherein the switches are arranged in one or more arms (A, B, C), an arm comprising at least two switches in series separated by a midpoint.
3. Convertisseur selon la revendication 2, dans lequel le transformateur (14) comprend un enroulement primaire (141) relié à l'unité de commande (UC) et un enroulement secondaire (142) pour chaque transistor du bras. The converter according to claim 2, wherein the transformer (14) comprises a primary winding (141) connected to the control unit (UC) and a secondary winding (142) for each transistor of the arm.
4. Convertisseur selon la revendication 2 ou 3, dans lequel ladite masse (GND HT) est commune à la masse à laquelle une extrémité des bras (A, B, C) est connectée. 4. Converter according to claim 2 or 3, wherein said mass (GND HT) is common to the mass at which one end of the arms (A, B, C) is connected.
5. Compresseur pour circuit de fluide réfrigérant comprenant un mécanisme de compression du fluide accouplé à un moteur électrique (M), ledit compresseur comprenant en outre un boîtier logeant ledit mécanisme de compression, ledit moteur (M), et un convertisseur (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes destiné à alimenter ledit moteur électrique (M). 5. Refrigerant circuit compressor comprising a fluid compression mechanism coupled to an electric motor (M), said compressor further comprising a housing housing said compression mechanism, said motor (M), and a converter (10) according to any one of the preceding claims for supplying said electric motor (M).
PCT/FR2015/050815 2014-03-31 2015-03-30 Voltage converter for an on-board electrical machine in a vehicle WO2015150679A1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

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JP2016559982A JP6666261B2 (en) 2014-03-31 2015-03-30 Voltage converter for electric machines mounted in vehicles
EP15720211.0A EP3127226A1 (en) 2014-03-31 2015-03-30 Voltage converter for an on-board electrical machine in a vehicle

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR1452806A FR3019406B1 (en) 2014-03-31 2014-03-31 VOLTAGE CONVERTER FOR AN ELECTRIC MACHINE BOOTED IN A VEHICLE
FR1452806 2014-03-31

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US3983321A (en) * 1974-07-30 1976-09-28 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Switching circuit utilizing a base storage characteristics of a transistor for use in a facsimile transceiver and the like
US4554512A (en) * 1984-08-27 1985-11-19 Aerotech, Inc. Switching amplifier with MOSFET driver circuit
US5596466A (en) * 1995-01-13 1997-01-21 Ixys Corporation Intelligent, isolated half-bridge power module
US6137705A (en) 1999-05-28 2000-10-24 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Drive control and protection circuit for a car power inverter
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EP3127226A1 (en) 2017-02-08
JP2017510238A (en) 2017-04-06
FR3019406B1 (en) 2017-09-01
JP6666261B2 (en) 2020-03-13
FR3019406A1 (en) 2015-10-02

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