WO2015132422A1 - Construction plate, anti-seismic construction system, and construction method - Google Patents

Construction plate, anti-seismic construction system, and construction method Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015132422A1
WO2015132422A1 PCT/ES2014/070165 ES2014070165W WO2015132422A1 WO 2015132422 A1 WO2015132422 A1 WO 2015132422A1 ES 2014070165 W ES2014070165 W ES 2014070165W WO 2015132422 A1 WO2015132422 A1 WO 2015132422A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
plate
blocks
plates
holes
row
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2014/070165
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
José Antonio Pedro SÁNCHEZ CÓZAR
Original Assignee
Industrias Audiolis, S.L.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Industrias Audiolis, S.L. filed Critical Industrias Audiolis, S.L.
Priority to PCT/ES2014/070165 priority Critical patent/WO2015132422A1/en
Priority to UY0001035575A priority patent/UY35575A/en
Publication of WO2015132422A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015132422A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
    • E04B2/16—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0243—Separate connectors or inserts, e.g. pegs, pins or keys

Definitions

  • the present invention refers to a plate, a system and an anti-seismic construction method of the type that are used with substantially prismatic blocks provided with at least one vertical hole, preferably two, which defined in said blocks some upper mouths and lower mouths.
  • constructive joining plates are used to position themselves between the blocks corresponding to consecutive rows of the construction and provided with coupling means with the upper and lower mouths of the blocks and holes for mounting of fixing means of the connecting plates, thus giving rise to the anti-seismic construction system object of the invention.
  • the invention relates to said construction plates and a construction method.
  • This invention presents constructive particularities oriented to facilitate the coupling of the joining plates with the mouths of the blocks and the fixing of successive pairs of joining plates arranged between consecutive rows of blocks by means of fixing means or pins, providing the construction Seismic protection
  • Document ES-2390685-A1 describes a construction system comprising substantially prismatic blocks provided with vertical holes defining in said blocks upper and lower mouths, the system further comprising flat joining plates intended to be positioned between blocks corresponding to consecutive rows of the construction to be performed.
  • Said joining plates have on their upper and lower surfaces coupling extensions in the corresponding lower and upper mouths of the blocks. In the areas delimited by these extensions there are first holes for the assembly of vertical bars that fix the different joining plates and some second holes for the passage of pipes forming the joining plates together with the bars a constitutive structure of the means of clamping the blocks.
  • the extensions defined in the upper and lower surfaces of the joining plates are formed by annular walls perpendicular to the surface of said joining plate, when the self-centering of these blocks is introduced into the corresponding upper or lower mouths of the blocks.
  • this configuration of the upper and lower extensions of the plates poses problems in the coupling of the plates with the blocks since the annular configuration of said walls gives the extensions a rigidity that prevents them from adapting to the tolerances of manufacture of the blocks and in particular the introduction of said extensions when the dimensions of the upper or lower mouths are slightly smaller than those of the annular walls forming the extensions of the plate.
  • the plates described in the aforementioned document do not allow the assembly of the blocks in plan forming a "T" (two blocks in a row and one perpendicular to the previous ones) in a satisfactory way mainly in the first rows since the perpendicular block is not left "associated" to the two blocks in line by any element or plate.
  • the technical problem that arises is the development of a constructive system that solves the aforementioned problems both in terms of the coupling of the extensions of the joining plates with the mouths of the blocks and the fixing between them of the joining plates of different rows of blocks, by means of a plate, a system and a procedure that allows the construction of at least one wall with building blocks and without requiring any type of adhesion compound to be applied between said blocks.
  • a first object of the invention is a construction plate according to claim 1.
  • Said plate is for joining building blocks of the type comprising at least one upper mouth and at least one lower mouth, preferably two upper mouths and two lower mouths, and said plate having an upper surface and a lower surface with coupling means with the upper and lower mouth of the blocks, as well as holes through said connecting plates, said coupling means being sets of appendages, spikes or studs, which are independent of each other and are arranged on the upper and lower surfaces for enter the mouths of the building blocks.
  • Said sets of appendices arranged two sets on each of the surfaces of the plate, each preferably has four appendices that are arranged in correspondence with the vertices of an imaginary geometric shape coinciding with the shape of the perimeter of the mouths of the blocks of building.
  • the plate is preferably rectangular, although it could have other complementary geometries with the shape of the block.
  • the appendages are perpendicular to the surfaces of the plate and are arranged at the vertices of an imaginary rectangle when the block is rectangular.
  • Said plate has a symmetrical upper surface with respect to a longitudinal axis and with respect to a transverse axis as well as a lower surface also symmetrical with respect to the same longitudinal axis and the same transverse axis.
  • the foregoing does not mean that the appendages are located in the same position on both surfaces, but preferably that the appendages of one of the two surfaces of the plate determine a rectangular area smaller than the appendages of the opposite surface. This is because usually the blocks where the plates are installed have upper mouths with a smaller surface than the lower mouths, the walls of the vessel also presenting a decreasing section from the top to the bottom.
  • plates are the arrangement of specific holes arranged in the area between the sets of appendages, holes that communicate both surfaces of the plate with each other and preferably five, a central hole of larger diameter surrounded by four holes of less diameter.
  • the plates can have in their perimeter some dispositions arranged equidistant between each pair of appendages of the same game, so that each plate has six entrances.
  • a recess will be arranged on each side of shorter length, between the appendages located at the vertices of the plate, and two other recesses on each side of longer length, each recess located between the appendix located at the apex of the plate and the adjoining appendix.
  • the plate object of the invention can also have, on the perimeter of any of the specific holes, preferably in the four holes surrounding the central hole of greater diameter, and on each of the surfaces of the plate, two ramps, with a length of a quarter of circumference, which are diametrically opposite and concentric to the axis of the hole, beginning each ramp on the surface of the plate in a notch perpendicular to the hole and rising slightly up to a stop.
  • These ramps serve so that after the vertical introduction of fixing means through the holes of at least two plates separated by a row, and they are rotated, a union or fixation is achieved between said at least two plates that reinforce by both the union between blocks and improve the seismic characteristics of the construction that comprises these plates.
  • Each of the appendages of the plate has lateral tabs that are elastically deformable and suitable to act against the inside of the upper and lower mouths of the blocks and thus absorb the possible dimensional differences between the location of the appendages on the plate and upper mouths or in said lower mouths of the blocks.
  • Said side tabs of each appendix are arranged in a plane perpendicular to a diagonal of said imaginary rectangle, corresponding to said appendix.
  • one of the objectives of the present invention is achieved, as it is to present a suitable configuration to guarantee the fitted coupling of the plate in the respective upper and lower mouths of the blocks and absorb the possible dimensional differences of the mouths of the blocks, so that these do not prevent the coupling of the plates of union with the blocks.
  • a second object of the invention is an anti-seismic building system according to claim 1, of the type comprising substantially building blocks (1). binoculars with four walls (13) and provided with at least one vertical hole defining in said blocks at least one upper mouth (1 1) and one lower mouth (12); and also comprises connecting plates with an upper surface and a lower surface, positioned on the vertical holes of the blocks that form consecutive rows of a construction, said upper and lower surfaces comprising coupling means with the upper and lower mouths of the blocks, as well as specific holes.
  • the system of the present invention comprises fixing means that pass through the joining plates through the specific holes and which are suitable for establishing the joining of at least two plates arranged between successive block rows, so that each specific hole and the fixing means have complementary geometries that by means of a relative rotation movement of the fixing means allows the coupling thereof with the corresponding specific holes of at least two joining plates to set and arranged between successive block rows.
  • said fixing means are retention pins with two pointed ends that facilitate insertion into the specific holes of at least two plates separated by a row of blocks.
  • the complementary forms of coupling of the connecting plate and the pins are constituted respectively by a pair of diametrically opposed notches in the specific holes of the union plate, and by two pairs of diametrically opposed notches and defined in longitudinal ribs of the pins, in areas close to the ends of said pins.
  • This system can be used with the plates described above, in which case, the system will allow the union of blocks arranged not only in rows or rows but also with blocks of another row perpendicular to the previous ones.
  • the system comprises an additional component, in particular an association element between two plates arranged in the same plane and which is inserted by tongue and groove in the previously described recesses and arranged in the perimeter of two continuous construction plates and having a configuration Complementary with that of the entrees.
  • Another component of the system is the arrangement of at least one façade panel support element that is inserted into at least one of the recesses arranged in the perimeter of a plate and which has an appendix with the shape on one side. complementary to that of the entrance of the plate to which it is joined by tongue and groove, and on the opposite side an H-profile as a guide to accommodate at least one panel.
  • said support elements and also under said support elements in each channel of the H profile, a panel of a facade or of an interior, supported by different aligned support elements.
  • This element allows not only to create a thermal bridge between the exterior and the constructed wall, but also allows the decoration of the exterior and interior of the blocks by means of different panels.
  • the construction or joining plates have on each of their upper and lower surfaces coupling means with the lower and upper mouths of the blocks; said coupling means comprising sets of protruding appendages arranged in correspondence with the vertices of an imaginary rectangle of dimensions smaller than the corresponding upper and lower mouths of the blocks; and each of said appendices presenting lateral tabs arranged in a plane perpendicular to the corresponding diagonal of the imaginary rectangle mentioned above.
  • the lateral tabs have a chamfered upper vertex and have the ability to deform elastically to fit the corresponding mouth of one of the blocks absorbing the possible dimensional differences of said mouths.
  • another feature of this invention is the arrangement in the plates of connection of specific holes for the coupling of retention pins that establish the union by pairs of plates corresponding to consecutive rows of the construction.
  • the aforementioned specific holes and pins have complementary and suitable ways to establish, by means of a relative turning movement, the coupling of the opposite ends of a pin with the corresponding specific holes of the pairs of joining plates to be fixed. In the mounting position, said pins prevent the relative displacement of the connecting plates in the longitudinal or axial direction of the pin, guaranteeing their arrangement and maintenance at a fixed distance.
  • the complementary shapes defined at the ends of the pin and in the specific holes of the connecting plates can have different shapes as long as they allow said rotating coupling, it being provided that said shapes may be formed by conjugate notches that allow the pin to be mounted in the hole in a certain angular position and that embrace the bulk of the plate once the pin is turned towards an operative or fixing position of the connecting plates.
  • a third object of the invention is a constructive method according to claim.
  • FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of the different forming elements of the anti-seismic construction system of the invention.
  • FIGs 2a and 2b show both top and bottom perspective views of one of the joining plates, including Figure 2a an enlarged detail of one of the appendages (21) with corresponding side tabs (22).
  • FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of a pair of connecting plates fixed together by a pin.
  • FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of a wall portion made with the anti-seismic construction system of the invention, in which a portion of a block has been sectioned to allow observation of the pairs of joining plates arranged between consecutive rows of even blocks by pins.
  • FIG. 5 shows an elevation view of a wall portion made with the anti-seismic construction system of the invention, sectioned by a vertical plane, and in which the arrangement of the joining plates between consecutive rows of blocks can be observed, and fixing said joining plates in pairs by pins.
  • FIG. 6 shows a perspective view of an alternative construction plate to that shown in Figures 1 to 5.
  • FIG. 7 shows a perspective view of a wall portion with two rows of blocks with a block perpendicular to the previous ones, in "T", and in which a panel perpendicular to a wall portion is also observed, as well as the plates object of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 shows a detail of a plate object of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 shows a detail of the coupling or association between two plates arranged in rows of building blocks perpendicular to each other.
  • FIG. 10 shows a detail of the wall portion of Figure 6.
  • FIG. 11 shows a detail of a panel of a ventilated facade.
  • FIG. 12 shows a support that is part of the system of the invention.
  • the present invention mainly comprises blocks (1) and connecting plates (2) intended to be positioned between the rows of consecutive blocks by means of coupling means and fixing means or pins (3) for fixing in pairs the connecting plates (2) corresponding to two consecutive rows.
  • coupling means and fixing means or pins (3) for fixing in pairs the connecting plates (2) corresponding to two consecutive rows.
  • Figures 1 to 5 show a first embodiment of the invention and Figures 6 to 11 a second embodiment.
  • the blocks (1) have vertical holes that define in them upper mouths (11) and lower mouths (12) of quadrangular section, the upper mouths (1 1) having a smaller surface than the lower mouths (12). which determines that the walls (13) of the block have a decreasing section towards a lower area thereof, the joining plates (2) are flat and rectangular in shape, having both coupling means with their upper surface and their lower surface the upper and lower mouths of blocks (1) belonging to two superimposed rows of blocks (1).
  • These coupling means are constituted by sets of appendages (21) arranged in correspondence with the vertices of an imaginary rectangle; each of said appendages (21) having lateral tabs (22) arranged in a plane perpendicular to the corresponding diagonal of said imaginary rectangle, each set of appendages (21) delimits an area smaller than the corresponding upper mouth (1 1) or lower (12) intended to engage with them being the tabs (22), flexible those responsible for acting against the interior surfaces of the walls (13) of the blocks absorbing the possible dimensional differences existing in the upper mouths or in the lower mouths of the blocks (1).
  • said connecting plates (2) In order to establish the union in pairs of the connecting plates (2) arranged between successive block rows (1) said connecting plates (2) have specific holes (23) for the coupling of the retention pins (3).
  • These specific holes (23) and said pins (3) have complementary shapes (24, 31) suitable for establishing by means of a turning movement of the pin the coupling of the opposite ends of said pin (3) with the corresponding specific holes ( 23) of the pair of connecting rods to be fixed.
  • said complementary forms (24, 31) are constituted respectively by a pair of diametrically opposed notches in the specific holes (23) of the joining plate and by two pairs of diametrically opposed notches and defined in longitudinal ribs (32 ) of the pins (3), specifically in areas close to the ends of said pins.
  • the aforementioned complementary forms (24, 31) of the connecting plates (2) and of the pins (3) allow the lower end of a pin (3) to be introduced as the construction is lifted, and specifically of the longitudinal ribs (32) through the grooves of a connecting plate (2) already placed by then turning said pin so that the thickness of the plate is housed in the notches or complementary shapes (31) of said lower end of the pin .
  • the coupling of the pin with the connecting plates (2) is carried out by means of a bayonet type coupling by introducing and turning one end of the pin (3) with respect to a specific hole (23) of the plate to be fixed. .
  • pins (3) allow as already mentioned, and as can be seen in Figure 2, the successive (3) connecting plates (2) are fixed as they are placed and forming the pin set (3) and joining plates (2) a framework that prevents any relative movement of the blocks (1).
  • each ramp (26) begins at the surface of the plate in a notch (24) perpendicular to the hole and rises slightly to a stop (27).
  • the recesses (25) arranged in the plates (2) allow the union by means of association elements (4) of building blocks located at the same height, allowing the union of blocks in parallel and the union of blocks perpendicularly , as can be seen in Figures 7 and 9.
  • Said association element (4) has a complementary shape to that of the recesses (25) of the plate, which allows the association element (4) to be joined to the recess (25) of the plate by tongue and groove.
  • This association element (4) is of special application for the construction of "T" walls, that is, where it is necessary to build a wall perpendicular to another.
  • an association element (4) is attached between two plates of perpendicular walls that joins both plates together and therefore joins both walls perpendicular to each other.
  • the inlet (25) and the association element (4) have an arrow shape, but any other geometric shape that allows the coupling between them could be valid.
  • An additional element of the constructive system object of the present invention is a support element (5) of façade panel that is inserted into at least one of the recesses (25) arranged in the perimeter of a plate (2) and which has on one side an appendix (51) with the shape complementary to that of the recess (25) of the plate (2) to which it is joined by tongue and groove, and on the opposite side a guide (52) in the form of an H profile to accommodate at least one panel (6).
  • Figures 7 and 1 1 show this support element (5), which has an appendix (51) with a shape complementary to that of the recess (25) of the plate (2), specifically an appendix formed by two legs separated at its free end and which are introduced into said recess (25).
  • the H profile (52) is provided, which protrudes externally from the block (1) and the plate (2) and which allows the fastening of a panel (6) by the lower part and at the top of the profile (52).
  • An alternative configuration of the support element (5) includes the replacement of the guide (52) formed by said H-profile with a guide (53) with adjustment or graduation means (54) of the width of said guide (53) .
  • said support element (5) comprises flexible adjustment means (54) that allow securing a panel (6) that is arranged on said supports (5) independently of the width of the panel.
  • said regulating means (53) comprise at least two flexible arches (54) of the same material as the support (5) and which can be deformed to accommodate panels of different widths in the guide (53). ).
  • These adjustment means (54) of the width of the guide (53) are arranged both in the upper and lower part of the support (5), as is the case with the H-shaped guide (52).
  • a construction method with a wall or walls, of the type formed mainly by building blocks (1) substantially prismatic with four walls (13) and provided with less a vertical hole defining in said blocks at least one upper mouth (11) and one lower mouth (12); and joining plates (2), with an upper surface and a lower surface, said upper and lower surfaces comprising coupling means with the upper and lower mouths of the blocks, as well as specific holes, and having the following steps:
  • a first row of building blocks is placed on a surface
  • a first row of joining plates is placed on the first row of blocks, so that each plate is placed between two consecutive blocks, and introducing the coupling means of the lower surface of the plate into the upper mouths of the blocks consecutive
  • a second row of building blocks is placed on the first row of plates, so that each block is placed between two consecutive plates, and introducing the coupling means of the upper surfaces of the plate into the lower mouths of the blocks ,
  • An elongated fixing means with two ends is inserted vertically into at least one of the specific holes of a second row plate, so that the lower end of the fixing means crosses a specific complementary hole of a plate of the first row and the upper end of the fixing means is kept outside the specific hole of the plate of the second row, e)
  • the fixing means is rotated with respect to its axis inside the holes from the second row of plates, so that complementary shapes arranged in the specific holes and at the ends of the fixing means cause the pin to be coupled with the holes and thus fixing a first row plate with a second row plate.

Abstract

The invention relates to a system including: a series of substantially prismatic blocks (1) that have upper openings (11) and lower openings (12), and attachment plates (2) provided with means for coupling with the upper openings (11) and lower openings (12) of the blocks (1), and with special openings (23) for coupling bars (3) used to attach the attachment plates (2) arranged between consecutive rows of blocks (1). The coupling means have a set of appendixes (21) provided with elastically deformable lateral tabs (22)which engage with the inner surfaces of the block walls (13). The special openings (23) and the bars (3) have complementary shapes (24, 31) so as to couple the bars (3) with the attachment plates (2) by means of a relative rotation movement.

Description

PLACA CONSTRUCTIVA, SISTEMA CONSTRUCTIVO ANTISÍSMICO Y METODO DE  CONSTRUCTION PLATE, ANTISISM CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM AND METHOD OF
CONSTRUCCION  BUILDING
DESCRIPCIÓN DESCRIPTION
Objeto de la invención. Object of the invention.
La presente invención, placa constructiva, sistema constructivo antisísmico y método de construcción, se refiere a una placa, un sistema y un método constructivo antisísmico del tipo que se emplean con unos bloques sensiblemente prismáticos provistos de al menos un orificio vertical, preferiblemente dos, que definen en dichos bloques unas bocas superiores y unas bocas inferiores. Para la unión de dichos bloques, se emplean unas placas constructivas de unión destinadas a posicionarse entre los bloques correspondientes a hileras consecutivas de la construcción y provistas de unos medios de acoplamiento con las bocas superiores e inferiores de los bloques y de unos orificios para el montaje de unos medios de fijación de las placas de unión, dando así lugar al sistema constructivo antisísmico objeto de la invención. Asimismo, la invención se refiere a dichas placas constructivas y a un método de construcción.  The present invention, construction plate, anti-seismic construction system and construction method, refers to a plate, a system and an anti-seismic construction method of the type that are used with substantially prismatic blocks provided with at least one vertical hole, preferably two, which defined in said blocks some upper mouths and lower mouths. For the joining of said blocks, constructive joining plates are used to position themselves between the blocks corresponding to consecutive rows of the construction and provided with coupling means with the upper and lower mouths of the blocks and holes for mounting of fixing means of the connecting plates, thus giving rise to the anti-seismic construction system object of the invention. Also, the invention relates to said construction plates and a construction method.
Esta invención presenta unas particularidades constructivas orientadas a facilitar el acoplamiento de las placas de unión con las bocas de los bloques y la fijación de sucesivas parejas de placas de unión dispuestas entre hileras consecutivas de bloques mediante unos medios de fijación o pasadores, proporcionando a la construcción una protección antisísmica.  This invention presents constructive particularities oriented to facilitate the coupling of the joining plates with the mouths of the blocks and the fixing of successive pairs of joining plates arranged between consecutive rows of blocks by means of fixing means or pins, providing the construction Seismic protection
Estado de la técnica. State of the art
En el documento ES-2390685-A1 se describe un sistema constructivo que comprende unos bloques sensiblemente prismáticos provistos de unos orificios verticales que definen en dichos bloques unas bocas superiores e inferiores comprendiendo adicionalmente el sistema unas placas de unión planas destinadas a posicionarse entre bloques correspondientes a hileras consecutivas de la construcción a realizar. Dichas placas de unión presentan en sus superficies superiores e inferiores unas prolongaciones acoplables en las correspondientes bocas inferiores y superiores de los bloques. En las zonas delimitadas por dichas prolongaciones se encuentran unos primeros orificios para el montaje de unas barras verticales que fijan las diferentes placas de unión y unos segundos orificios para el paso de conducciones conformando las placas de unión conjuntamente con las barras una estructura constitutiva de los medios de sujeción de los bloques. En el mencionado documento las prolongaciones definidas en las superficies superiores e inferiores de las placas de unión están conformadas por unas paredes anulares perpendiculares a la superficie de dicha placa de unión realizando al introducirse en las bocas correspondientes superiores o inferiores de los bloques el autocentrado de éstos. Sin embargo, en la práctica esta configuración de las prolongaciones superiores e inferiores de las placas plantea problemas en el acoplamiento de las placas con los bloques ya que la configuración anular de dichas paredes le confiere a las prolongaciones una rigidez que les impide adaptarse a las tolerancias de fabricación de los bloques y en particular realizar la introducción de dichas prolongaciones cuando las dimensiones de las bocas superiores o inferiores son ligeramente inferiores a los de las paredes anulares conformantes de las prolongaciones de la placa. Document ES-2390685-A1 describes a construction system comprising substantially prismatic blocks provided with vertical holes defining in said blocks upper and lower mouths, the system further comprising flat joining plates intended to be positioned between blocks corresponding to consecutive rows of the construction to be performed. Said joining plates have on their upper and lower surfaces coupling extensions in the corresponding lower and upper mouths of the blocks. In the areas delimited by these extensions there are first holes for the assembly of vertical bars that fix the different joining plates and some second holes for the passage of pipes forming the joining plates together with the bars a constitutive structure of the means of clamping the blocks. In said document the extensions defined in the upper and lower surfaces of the joining plates are formed by annular walls perpendicular to the surface of said joining plate, when the self-centering of these blocks is introduced into the corresponding upper or lower mouths of the blocks. . However, in practice this configuration of the upper and lower extensions of the plates poses problems in the coupling of the plates with the blocks since the annular configuration of said walls gives the extensions a rigidity that prevents them from adapting to the tolerances of manufacture of the blocks and in particular the introduction of said extensions when the dimensions of the upper or lower mouths are slightly smaller than those of the annular walls forming the extensions of the plate.
Asimismo, las placas descritas en el citado documento no permiten el montaje de los bloques en planta formando una "T" (dos bloques en fila y uno perpendicular a los anteriores) de manera satisfactoria principalmente en las primeras hileras puesto que el bloque perpendicular no queda "asociado" a los dos bloques en línea por ningún elemento o placa.  Likewise, the plates described in the aforementioned document do not allow the assembly of the blocks in plan forming a "T" (two blocks in a row and one perpendicular to the previous ones) in a satisfactory way mainly in the first rows since the perpendicular block is not left "associated" to the two blocks in line by any element or plate.
Otro de los inconvenientes detectados en el sistema constructivo descrito en el mencionado documento ES-2390685-A1 es que la introducción de las barras de forma ajustada en los primeros orificios de las placas de unión correspondientes a diferentes hileras de bloques resulta especialmente compleja ya que debe realizarse una vez montadas varias hileras de bloques y de placas de unión intermedias siendo preciso que los primeros orificios de las placas de unión de las diferentes hileras se deban encontrar perfectamente alineadas verticalmente, lo que es extremadamente complejo ya que la propia tolerancia de montaje necesaria para introducir las prolongaciones superiores e inferiores de las placas de unión en las bocas superiores e inferiores de los bloques puede provocar una ligera desalineación de los primeros orificios de las placas de unión correspondientes a diferentes hileras de la construcción.  Another of the drawbacks detected in the construction system described in the aforementioned document ES-2390685-A1 is that the introduction of the bars in a tight manner in the first holes of the connecting plates corresponding to different rows of blocks is especially complex since it must be be made once several rows of blocks and intermediate joining plates are assembled, it being necessary that the first holes of the joining plates of the different rows must be perfectly aligned vertically, which is extremely complex since the assembly tolerance itself necessary for introducing the upper and lower extensions of the joining plates into the upper and lower mouths of the blocks can cause a slight misalignment of the first holes of the joining plates corresponding to different rows of the construction.
Por tanto, el problema técnico que se plantea es el desarrollo de un sistema constructivo que resuelva los problemas mencionados anteriormente tanto en lo que se refiere al acoplamiento de las prolongaciones de las placas de unión con las bocas de los bloques como a la fijación entre sí de las placas de unión de diferentes hileras de bloques, mediante una placa, un sistema y un procedimiento que permita la construcción de al menos una pared con bloques de construcción y sin requerir ningún tipo de compuesto de adhesión a aplicar entre dichos bloques. Descripción de la invención. Therefore, the technical problem that arises is the development of a constructive system that solves the aforementioned problems both in terms of the coupling of the extensions of the joining plates with the mouths of the blocks and the fixing between them of the joining plates of different rows of blocks, by means of a plate, a system and a procedure that allows the construction of at least one wall with building blocks and without requiring any type of adhesion compound to be applied between said blocks. Description of the invention
Para solventar los problemas mencionados se ha ideado el sistema constructivo antisísmico, la placa constructiva y el procedimiento de construcción, objeto de esta invención que comprenden unas características orientadas a solventar la problemática expuesta anteriormente.  In order to solve the aforementioned problems, the anti-seismic construction system, the construction plate and the construction procedure have been devised, object of this invention that comprise characteristics oriented to solve the problem set forth above.
Concretamente, un primer objeto de la invención es una placa constructiva según la reivindicación 1 . Dicha placa es para la unión de bloques de construcción del tipo que comprenden al menos una boca superior y al menos una boca inferior, preferiblemente dos bocas superiores y dos bocas inferiores, y presentando dicha placa una superficie superior y una superficie inferior con medios de acoplamiento con la boca superior e inferior de los bloques, así como orificios que atraviesan dichas placas de unión, siendo dichos medios de acoplamiento unos juegos de apéndices, espigas o tetones, que son independientes entre sí y se encuentran dispuestos sobre las superficies superior e inferior para introducirse en las bocas de los bloques de construcción. Dichos juegos de apéndices, dispuestos dos juegos en cada una de las superficies de la placa, presenta cada uno preferiblemente cuatro apéndices que se disponen en correspondencia con los vértices de una forma geométrica imaginaria coincidente con la forma del perímetro de las bocas de los bloques de construcción. La placa es preferiblemente rectangular, aunque podría presentar otras geometrías complementarias con la forma del bloque. Asimismo, los apéndices son perpendiculares a las superficies de la placa y se disponen en los vértices de un rectángulo imaginario cuando el bloque es rectangular.  Specifically, a first object of the invention is a construction plate according to claim 1. Said plate is for joining building blocks of the type comprising at least one upper mouth and at least one lower mouth, preferably two upper mouths and two lower mouths, and said plate having an upper surface and a lower surface with coupling means with the upper and lower mouth of the blocks, as well as holes through said connecting plates, said coupling means being sets of appendages, spikes or studs, which are independent of each other and are arranged on the upper and lower surfaces for enter the mouths of the building blocks. Said sets of appendices, arranged two sets on each of the surfaces of the plate, each preferably has four appendices that are arranged in correspondence with the vertices of an imaginary geometric shape coinciding with the shape of the perimeter of the mouths of the blocks of building. The plate is preferably rectangular, although it could have other complementary geometries with the shape of the block. Likewise, the appendages are perpendicular to the surfaces of the plate and are arranged at the vertices of an imaginary rectangle when the block is rectangular.
Dicha placa presenta una superficie superior simétrica respecto a un eje longitudinal y respecto a un eje transversal así como una superficie inferior también simétrica respecto al mismo eje longitudinal y mismo eje transversal. Sin embargo, lo anterior no significa que los apéndices se sitúen en la misma posición en ambas superficies, sino que preferiblemente los apéndices de una de las dos superficies de la placa determinen un área rectangular menor que los apéndices de la superficie contraria. Esto es así debido a que habitualmente los bloques donde se instalan las placas presentan unas bocas superiores con una superficie menor que las bocas inferiores, presentando además las paredes del boque una sección decreciente desde la parte superior hacia la parte inferior.  Said plate has a symmetrical upper surface with respect to a longitudinal axis and with respect to a transverse axis as well as a lower surface also symmetrical with respect to the same longitudinal axis and the same transverse axis. However, the foregoing does not mean that the appendages are located in the same position on both surfaces, but preferably that the appendages of one of the two surfaces of the plate determine a rectangular area smaller than the appendages of the opposite surface. This is because usually the blocks where the plates are installed have upper mouths with a smaller surface than the lower mouths, the walls of the vessel also presenting a decreasing section from the top to the bottom.
Otras características de las placas son la disposición de orificios específicos dispuestos en el área situada entre los juegos de apéndices, orificios que comunican ambas superficies de la placa entre si y que preferiblemente son cinco, un orificio central de mayor diámetro rodeado de cuatro orificios de menos diámetro. Other features of the plates are the arrangement of specific holes arranged in the area between the sets of appendages, holes that communicate both surfaces of the plate with each other and preferably five, a central hole of larger diameter surrounded by four holes of less diameter.
Asimismo, las placas pueden presentar en su perímetro unos entrantes dispuestos equidistantes entre cada pareja de apéndices de un mismo juego, de manera que cada placa presenta seis entrantes. En el caso de una placa rectangular, se dispondrá un entrante en cada lado de menor longitud, entre los apéndices situados en los vértices de la placa, y otros dos entrantes en cada uno de los lados de mayor longitud, cada entrante situado entre el apéndice situado en el vértice de la placa y el apéndice contiguo.  Likewise, the plates can have in their perimeter some dispositions arranged equidistant between each pair of appendages of the same game, so that each plate has six entrances. In the case of a rectangular plate, a recess will be arranged on each side of shorter length, between the appendages located at the vertices of the plate, and two other recesses on each side of longer length, each recess located between the appendix located at the apex of the plate and the adjoining appendix.
La placa objeto de la invención puede presentar también, en el perímetro de alguno de los orificios específicos, preferiblemente en los cuatro orificios que rodean al orificio central de mayor diámetro, y en cada una de las superficies de la placa, dos rampas, con una longitud de un cuarto de circunferencia, que son opuestas diametralmente y concéntricas al eje del orificio, comenzando cada rampa en la superficie de la placa en con una muesca perpendicular al orificio y elevándose ligeramente hasta un tope. Estas rampas sirven para que tras la introducción vertical de unos medios de fijación a través de los orificios de al menos dos placas separadas por una hilera, y se giren los mismos, se consiga una unión o fijación entre dichas al menos dos placas que refuerzan por tanto la unión entre bloques y mejoran las características antisísmicas de la construcción que comprenda estas placas.  The plate object of the invention can also have, on the perimeter of any of the specific holes, preferably in the four holes surrounding the central hole of greater diameter, and on each of the surfaces of the plate, two ramps, with a length of a quarter of circumference, which are diametrically opposite and concentric to the axis of the hole, beginning each ramp on the surface of the plate in a notch perpendicular to the hole and rising slightly up to a stop. These ramps serve so that after the vertical introduction of fixing means through the holes of at least two plates separated by a row, and they are rotated, a union or fixation is achieved between said at least two plates that reinforce by both the union between blocks and improve the seismic characteristics of the construction that comprises these plates.
Cada uno de los apéndices de la placa presenta unas lengüetas laterales que son deformables elásticamente y adecuadas para actuar contra el interior de las bocas superiores e inferiores de los bloques y absorber así las posibles diferencias dimensionales existentes entre la situación de los apéndices en la placa y bocas superiores o en dichas bocas inferiores de los bloques. Dichas lengüetas laterales de cada apéndice están dispuestas en un plano perpendicular a una diagonal del mencionado rectángulo imaginario, correspondiente con dicho apéndice.  Each of the appendages of the plate has lateral tabs that are elastically deformable and suitable to act against the inside of the upper and lower mouths of the blocks and thus absorb the possible dimensional differences between the location of the appendages on the plate and upper mouths or in said lower mouths of the blocks. Said side tabs of each appendix are arranged in a plane perpendicular to a diagonal of said imaginary rectangle, corresponding to said appendix.
Mediante las placas de la presente invención, y en particular con los apéndices descritos, se consigue uno de los objetivos de la presente invención, como es presentar una configuración adecuada para garantizar el acoplamiento ajustado de la placa en las respectivas bocas superiores e inferiores de los bloques y absorber las posibles diferencias dimensionales de las bocas de los bloques, de modo que estas no impidan el acoplamiento de las placas de unión con los bloques.  By means of the plates of the present invention, and in particular with the appendices described, one of the objectives of the present invention is achieved, as it is to present a suitable configuration to guarantee the fitted coupling of the plate in the respective upper and lower mouths of the blocks and absorb the possible dimensional differences of the mouths of the blocks, so that these do not prevent the coupling of the plates of union with the blocks.
Un segundo objeto de la invención es un sistema constructivo antisísmico según la reivindicación 1 1 , del tipo que comprende bloques de construcción (1) sensiblemente prismáticos con cuatro paredes (13) y provistos de al menos un orificio vertical que definen en dichos bloques al menos una boca superior (1 1) y una boca inferior (12); y comprende también unas placas de unión con una superficie superior y una superficie inferior, posicionadas sobre los orificios verticales de los bloques que conforman hileras consecutivas de una construcción, comprendiendo dichas superficies superior e inferior unos medios de acoplamiento con las bocas superiores e inferiores de los bloques, así como unos orificios específicos. Adicionalmente al sistema anterior, ya conocido en el estado de la técnica, el sistema de la presente invención comprende unos medios de fijación que atraviesan las placas de unión a través de los orificios específicos y que son adecuados para establecer la unión de al menos dos placas dispuestas entre sucesivas hileras de bloque, de manera que cada orificio específico y los medios de fijación presentan geometrías complementarias que mediante un movimiento relativo de giro del medio de fijación permite el acoplamiento del mismo con los correspondientes orificios específicos de al menos dos placas de unión a fijar y dispuestas entre sucesivas hileras de bloque. A second object of the invention is an anti-seismic building system according to claim 1, of the type comprising substantially building blocks (1). binoculars with four walls (13) and provided with at least one vertical hole defining in said blocks at least one upper mouth (1 1) and one lower mouth (12); and also comprises connecting plates with an upper surface and a lower surface, positioned on the vertical holes of the blocks that form consecutive rows of a construction, said upper and lower surfaces comprising coupling means with the upper and lower mouths of the blocks, as well as specific holes. In addition to the previous system, already known in the state of the art, the system of the present invention comprises fixing means that pass through the joining plates through the specific holes and which are suitable for establishing the joining of at least two plates arranged between successive block rows, so that each specific hole and the fixing means have complementary geometries that by means of a relative rotation movement of the fixing means allows the coupling thereof with the corresponding specific holes of at least two joining plates to set and arranged between successive block rows.
Preferiblemente dichos medios de fijación son unos pasadores de retención con dos extremos puntiagudos que facilitan la inserción en los orificios específicos de al menos dos placas separadas por una hilera de bloques.  Preferably said fixing means are retention pins with two pointed ends that facilitate insertion into the specific holes of at least two plates separated by a row of blocks.
Las formas complementarias de acoplamiento de la placa de unión y de los pasadores están constituidas respectivamente por una pareja de muescas opuestas diametralmente en los orificios específicos de la placa de unión, y por dos parejas de muescas opuestas diametralmente y definidas en unos nervios longitudinales de los pasadores, en zonas próximas a los extremos de dichos pasadores.  The complementary forms of coupling of the connecting plate and the pins are constituted respectively by a pair of diametrically opposed notches in the specific holes of the union plate, and by two pairs of diametrically opposed notches and defined in longitudinal ribs of the pins, in areas close to the ends of said pins.
Este sistema puede ser empleado con las placas descritas anteriormente, en cuyo caso, el sistema permitirá la unión de bloques dispuestos no solamente en hileras o filas sino también con bloques de otra hilera perpendiculares a los anteriores. Para esto, el sistema comprende un componente adicional, en concreto un elemento de asociación entre dos placas dispuestas en un mismo plano y que se introduce por machihembrado en los entrantes anteriormente descritos y dispuestos en el perímetro de dos placas constructivas continuas y que presentan una configuración complementaria con la de los entrantes.  This system can be used with the plates described above, in which case, the system will allow the union of blocks arranged not only in rows or rows but also with blocks of another row perpendicular to the previous ones. For this, the system comprises an additional component, in particular an association element between two plates arranged in the same plane and which is inserted by tongue and groove in the previously described recesses and arranged in the perimeter of two continuous construction plates and having a configuration Complementary with that of the entrees.
Otro componente del sistema es la disposición de al menos un elemento de soporte de panel de fachadas que se introduce en al menos uno de los entrantes dispuestos en el perímetro de una placa y que presenta en un lado un apéndice con la forma complementaria a la del entrante de la placa al que se une por machihembrado, y en el lado opuesto un perfil en H a modo de guía para alojar al menos un panel. De esta manera, y si se disponen varios elementos de soporte en los entrantes de las placas, se podrá disponer sobre dichos elementos de soporte y también bajo dichos elementos de soporte, en cada canal del perfil en H, un panel de una fachada o de un interior, apoyado sobre diferentes elementos de soporte alineados. Este elemento permite no solamente crear un puente térmico entre el exterior y el muro construido, sino que también permite la decoración del exterior y del interior de los bloques mediante diferentes paneles. Another component of the system is the arrangement of at least one façade panel support element that is inserted into at least one of the recesses arranged in the perimeter of a plate and which has an appendix with the shape on one side. complementary to that of the entrance of the plate to which it is joined by tongue and groove, and on the opposite side an H-profile as a guide to accommodate at least one panel. In this way, and if several support elements are arranged in the recesses of the plates, said support elements and also under said support elements, in each channel of the H profile, a panel of a facade or of an interior, supported by different aligned support elements. This element allows not only to create a thermal bridge between the exterior and the constructed wall, but also allows the decoration of the exterior and interior of the blocks by means of different panels.
Por lo tanto, y a la vista de lo anteriormente descrito, las placas constructivas o de unión presentan en cada una de sus superficies superior e inferior unos medios de acoplamiento con las bocas inferiores y superiores de los bloques; comprendiendo dichos medios de acoplamiento unos juegos de apéndices sobresalientes dispuestos en correspondencia con los vértices de un rectángulo imaginario de dimensiones inferiores a las correspondientes bocas superiores e inferiores de los bloques; y presentando cada uno de dichos apéndices unas lengüetas laterales dispuestas en un plano perpendicular a la diagonal correspondiente del rectángulo imaginario mencionado anteriormente.  Therefore, and in view of the above described, the construction or joining plates have on each of their upper and lower surfaces coupling means with the lower and upper mouths of the blocks; said coupling means comprising sets of protruding appendages arranged in correspondence with the vertices of an imaginary rectangle of dimensions smaller than the corresponding upper and lower mouths of the blocks; and each of said appendices presenting lateral tabs arranged in a plane perpendicular to the corresponding diagonal of the imaginary rectangle mentioned above.
Las lengüetas laterales presentan un vértice superior achaflanado y tienen la capacidad de deformarse elásticamente para ajustarse a la boca correspondiente de uno de los bloques absorbiendo las posibles diferencias dimensionales de dichas bocas.  The lateral tabs have a chamfered upper vertex and have the ability to deform elastically to fit the corresponding mouth of one of the blocks absorbing the possible dimensional differences of said mouths.
Como se ha mencionado, otra de las características de esta invención es la disposición en las placas de unión de unos orificios específicos para el acoplamiento de unos pasadores de retención que establecen la unión por parejas de placas de unión correspondientes a hileras consecutivas de la construcción. Los mencionados orificios específicos y pasadores presentan unas formas complementarias y adecuadas para establecer mediante un movimiento de giro relativo el acoplamiento de los extremos opuestos de un pasador con los correspondientes orificios específicos de las parejas de placas de unión a fijar. En la posición de montaje dichos pasadores impiden el desplazamiento relativo de las placas de unión en la dirección longitudinal o axial del pasador, garantizando su disposición y mantenimiento a una distancia fija.  As mentioned, another feature of this invention is the arrangement in the plates of connection of specific holes for the coupling of retention pins that establish the union by pairs of plates corresponding to consecutive rows of the construction. The aforementioned specific holes and pins have complementary and suitable ways to establish, by means of a relative turning movement, the coupling of the opposite ends of a pin with the corresponding specific holes of the pairs of joining plates to be fixed. In the mounting position, said pins prevent the relative displacement of the connecting plates in the longitudinal or axial direction of the pin, guaranteeing their arrangement and maintenance at a fixed distance.
Las formas complementarias definidas en los extremos del pasador y en los orificios específicos de las placas de unión pueden presentar formas diversas siempre y cuando permitan el mencionado acoplamiento giratorio, habiéndose previsto que dichas formas puedan estar conformadas por unas muescas conjugadas que permiten el montaje del pasador en el orificio en una posición angular determinada y que abrazan el grueso de la placa una vez girado el pasador hacia una posición operativa o de fijación de las placas de unión. The complementary shapes defined at the ends of the pin and in the specific holes of the connecting plates can have different shapes as long as they allow said rotating coupling, it being provided that said shapes may be formed by conjugate notches that allow the pin to be mounted in the hole in a certain angular position and that embrace the bulk of the plate once the pin is turned towards an operative or fixing position of the connecting plates.
La utilización de los mencionados pasadores y orificios específicos para la fijación de las placas de unión por parejas permite que dichos pasadores se vayan montando de una forma cómoda a medida que se colocan las sucesivas hileras de bloques evitando el problema que supone el montaje de una barra a través de las placas de unión de diferentes hileras una vez realizada la construcción.  The use of the aforementioned specific pins and holes for fixing the joining plates in pairs allows said pins to be mounted in a comfortable way as the successive rows of blocks are placed avoiding the problem of mounting a bar through the joining plates of different rows once the construction is done.
Un tercer objeto de la invención es un método constructivo según la reivindicación A third object of the invention is a constructive method according to claim.
17. 17.
Descripción de las figuras. Description of the figures.
Para complementar la descripción que se está realizando y con objeto de facilitar la comprensión de las características de la invención, se acompaña a la presente memoria descriptiva un juego de dibujos en los que, con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo, se ha representado lo siguiente: To complement the description that is being made and in order to facilitate the understanding of the characteristics of the invention, a set of drawings is attached to the present specification in which, for illustrative and non-limiting purposes, the following has been represented:
- La figura 1 muestra una vista en perspectiva de un ejemplo de realización de los diferentes elementos conformantes del sistema constructivo antisísmico de la invención. - Las figuras 2a y 2b muestran sendas vistas en perspectiva superior y en perspectiva inferior de una de las placas de unión, incluyendo la figura 2a un detalle ampliado de uno de los apéndices (21) con las correspondientes lengüetas laterales (22). - Figure 1 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of the different forming elements of the anti-seismic construction system of the invention. - Figures 2a and 2b show both top and bottom perspective views of one of the joining plates, including Figure 2a an enlarged detail of one of the appendages (21) with corresponding side tabs (22).
- La figura 3 muestra una vista en perspectiva de una pareja de placas de unión fijadas entre sí por un pasador.  - Figure 3 shows a perspective view of a pair of connecting plates fixed together by a pin.
- La figura 4 muestra una vista en perspectiva de una porción de pared realizada con el sistema constructivo antisísmico de la invención, en la que se ha seccionado una porción de un bloque para permitir la observación de las parejas de placas de unión dispuestas entre hileras consecutivas de bloques parejas mediante pasadores. - Figure 4 shows a perspective view of a wall portion made with the anti-seismic construction system of the invention, in which a portion of a block has been sectioned to allow observation of the pairs of joining plates arranged between consecutive rows of even blocks by pins.
- La figura 5 muestra una vista en alzado de una porción de pared realizada con el sistema constructivo antisísmico de la invención, seccionada por un plano vertical, y en la que se pueden observar la disposición de las placas de unión entre hileras consecutivas de bloques, y la fijación de dichas placas de unión por parejas mediante pasadores.  - Figure 5 shows an elevation view of a wall portion made with the anti-seismic construction system of the invention, sectioned by a vertical plane, and in which the arrangement of the joining plates between consecutive rows of blocks can be observed, and fixing said joining plates in pairs by pins.
- La figura 6 muestra una vista en perspectiva de una placa constructiva alternativa a la mostrada en las figuras 1 a 5. - La figura 7 muestra una vista en perspectiva de una porción de pared con dos hileras de bloques con un bloque perpendicular a las anteriores, en "T", y en la que se observan además un panel perpendicular a una porción de pared, así como las placas objeto de la presente solicitud. - Figure 6 shows a perspective view of an alternative construction plate to that shown in Figures 1 to 5. - Figure 7 shows a perspective view of a wall portion with two rows of blocks with a block perpendicular to the previous ones, in "T", and in which a panel perpendicular to a wall portion is also observed, as well as the plates object of the present application.
- La figura 8 muestra un detalle de una placa objeto de la presente invención. - Figure 8 shows a detail of a plate object of the present invention.
- La figura 9 muestra un detalle del acoplamiento o asociación entre dos placas dispuestas en hileras de bloques de construcción perpendiculares entre sí.  - Figure 9 shows a detail of the coupling or association between two plates arranged in rows of building blocks perpendicular to each other.
- La figura 10 muestra un detalle de la porción de pared de la figura 6.  - Figure 10 shows a detail of the wall portion of Figure 6.
- La figura 11 muestra un detalle de un panel de una fachada ventilada.  - Figure 11 shows a detail of a panel of a ventilated facade.
- La figura 12 muestra un soporte que forma parte del sistema de la invención. - Figure 12 shows a support that is part of the system of the invention.
Realizaciones preferidas de la invención. Preferred embodiments of the invention.
A continuación, y con referencia a las figuras citadas anteriormente, se describirán los diferentes objetos de la presente invención, es decir, la placa, el sistema constructivo antisísmico y el procedimiento de construcción. Como se puede observar en las figuras adjuntas la presente invención comprende principalmente unos bloques (1) y unas placas de unión (2) destinadas a posicionarse entre las hileras de bloques consecutivos mediante unos medios de acoplamiento y unos medios de fijación o pasadores (3) para la fijación por parejas de las placas de unión (2) correspondientes a dos hileras consecutivas. En una construcción no mostrada, sería posible unir entre sí, mediante un pasador de mayor longitud, más de dos placas de hileras consecutivas. Next, and with reference to the figures cited above, the different objects of the present invention will be described, that is, the plate, the anti-seismic building system and the construction process. As can be seen in the attached figures, the present invention mainly comprises blocks (1) and connecting plates (2) intended to be positioned between the rows of consecutive blocks by means of coupling means and fixing means or pins (3) for fixing in pairs the connecting plates (2) corresponding to two consecutive rows. In a construction not shown, it would be possible to join together, by means of a longer length pin, more than two consecutive row plates.
Las figuras 1 a 5 muestran un primer ejemplo de realización de la invención y las figuras 6 a 11 un segundo ejemplo de realización.  Figures 1 to 5 show a first embodiment of the invention and Figures 6 to 11 a second embodiment.
Los bloques (1) presentan unos orificios verticales que definen en los mismos unas bocas superiores (11) y unas bocas inferiores (12) de sección cuadrangular, presentando las bocas superiores (1 1) una superficie menor que las bocas inferiores (12) lo que determina que las paredes (13) del bloque tengan una sección decreciente hacia una zona inferior del mismo, las placas de unión (2) son planas y de configuración rectangular presentando tanto en su superficie superior como en su superficie inferior unas medios de acoplamiento con las bocas superiores y las bocas inferiores de bloques (1) pertenecientes a dos hileras superpuestas de bloques (1).  The blocks (1) have vertical holes that define in them upper mouths (11) and lower mouths (12) of quadrangular section, the upper mouths (1 1) having a smaller surface than the lower mouths (12). which determines that the walls (13) of the block have a decreasing section towards a lower area thereof, the joining plates (2) are flat and rectangular in shape, having both coupling means with their upper surface and their lower surface the upper and lower mouths of blocks (1) belonging to two superimposed rows of blocks (1).
Estos medios de acoplamiento están constituidos por unos juegos de apéndices (21) dispuestos en correspondencia con los vértices de un rectángulo imaginario; presentando cada uno de dichos apéndices (21) unas lengüetas laterales (22) dispuestas en un plano perpendicular a la diagonal correspondiente del mencionado rectángulo imaginario, cada juego de apéndices (21) delimita un área menor que la correspondiente boca superior (1 1) o inferior (12) destinada a acoplarse con los mismos siendo las lengüetas (22), flexibles las encargadas de actuar contra las superficies interiores de las paredes (13) de los bloques absorbiendo las posibles diferencias dimensionales existentes en las bocas superiores o en las bocas inferiores de los bloques (1). These coupling means are constituted by sets of appendages (21) arranged in correspondence with the vertices of an imaginary rectangle; each of said appendages (21) having lateral tabs (22) arranged in a plane perpendicular to the corresponding diagonal of said imaginary rectangle, each set of appendages (21) delimits an area smaller than the corresponding upper mouth (1 1) or lower (12) intended to engage with them being the tabs (22), flexible those responsible for acting against the interior surfaces of the walls (13) of the blocks absorbing the possible dimensional differences existing in the upper mouths or in the lower mouths of the blocks (1).
Para establecer la unión por parejas de las placas de unión (2) dispuestas entre sucesivas hileras de bloque (1) dichas placas de unión (2) disponen de unos orificios específicos (23) para el acoplamiento de los pasadores de retención (3).  In order to establish the union in pairs of the connecting plates (2) arranged between successive block rows (1) said connecting plates (2) have specific holes (23) for the coupling of the retention pins (3).
Estos orificios específicos (23) y dichos pasadores (3) disponen de unas formas complementarias (24, 31) adecuadas para establecer mediante un movimiento de giro del pasador el acoplamiento de los extremos opuestos de dicho pasador (3) con los correspondientes orificios específicos (23) de la pareja de palcas de unión a fijar.  These specific holes (23) and said pins (3) have complementary shapes (24, 31) suitable for establishing by means of a turning movement of the pin the coupling of the opposite ends of said pin (3) with the corresponding specific holes ( 23) of the pair of connecting rods to be fixed.
En el ejemplo mostrado dichas formas complementarias (24, 31) están constituidas respectivamente por una pareja de muescas opuestas diametralmente en los orificios específicos (23) de la placa de unión y por dos parejas de muescas opuestas diametralmente y definidas en unos nervios longitudinales (32) de los pasadores (3), concretamente en unas zonas próximas a los extremos de dichos pasadores.  In the example shown, said complementary forms (24, 31) are constituted respectively by a pair of diametrically opposed notches in the specific holes (23) of the joining plate and by two pairs of diametrically opposed notches and defined in longitudinal ribs (32 ) of the pins (3), specifically in areas close to the ends of said pins.
Las mencionadas formas complementarias (24, 31) de las placas de unión (2) y de los pasadores (3) permiten que a medida que se va levantando la construcción se pueda introducir el extremo inferior de un pasador (3), y concretamente de los nervios longitudinales (32) a través de las ranuras de una placa de unión (2) ya colocada girando a continuación dicho pasador para que el grueso de la placa quede alojado en las muescas o formas complementarias (31) de dicho extremo inferior del pasador.  The aforementioned complementary forms (24, 31) of the connecting plates (2) and of the pins (3) allow the lower end of a pin (3) to be introduced as the construction is lifted, and specifically of the longitudinal ribs (32) through the grooves of a connecting plate (2) already placed by then turning said pin so that the thickness of the plate is housed in the notches or complementary shapes (31) of said lower end of the pin .
Por tanto, en este ejemplo de realización el acoplamiento del pasador con las placas de unión (2) se realiza mediante un acoplamiento tipo bayoneta introduciendo y girando un extremo del pasador (3) respecto a un orificio especifico (23) de la placa a fijar.  Therefore, in this exemplary embodiment, the coupling of the pin with the connecting plates (2) is carried out by means of a bayonet type coupling by introducing and turning one end of the pin (3) with respect to a specific hole (23) of the plate to be fixed. .
Estos pasadores (3) permiten como ya se ha mencionado, y tal como se puede observar en la figura 2 ir fijando las sucesivas (3) placas de unión (2) a medida que se colocan y formando el conjunto de pasadores (3) y placas de unión (2) un entramado que impiden cualquier movimiento relativo de los bloques (1).  These pins (3) allow as already mentioned, and as can be seen in Figure 2, the successive (3) connecting plates (2) are fixed as they are placed and forming the pin set (3) and joining plates (2) a framework that prevents any relative movement of the blocks (1).
A continuación se describirá un segundo ejemplo preferente de realización, con una placa constructiva alternativa a la anteriormente descrita y que da lugar a un sistema constructivo perfeccionado debido a las variaciones estructurales de la placa. Las figuras 6 a 11 muestran este segundo ejemplo de realización de la invención. Next, a second preferred embodiment will be described, with an alternative construction plate to the one described above and giving rise to a system perfected construction due to structural variations of the plate. Figures 6 to 11 show this second embodiment of the invention.
Respecto a la placa del primer ejemplo de realización, esta presenta, tal y como se puede observar en la figura 6 y como diferencias principales:  With respect to the plate of the first embodiment, it presents, as can be seen in Figure 6 and as main differences:
- La disposición de entrantes (25) en el perímetro de la placa (2) y que son equidistantes entre cada pareja de apéndices (21) de un mismo juego, de manera que cada placa (2) presenta seis entrantes (25), y  - The arrangement of recesses (25) on the perimeter of the plate (2) and which are equidistant between each pair of appendages (21) of the same set, so that each plate (2) has six recesses (25), and
La disposición en los perímetros de los orificios en la placa (2) y en cada una de las superficies de la misma, de dos rampas (26) que son opuestas diametralmente y concéntricas al eje del orificio (23), de manera que cada rampa (26) comienza en la superficie de la placa en una muesca (24) perpendicular al orifico y se eleva ligeramente hasta un tope (27).  The arrangement in the perimeters of the holes in the plate (2) and in each of the surfaces thereof, of two ramps (26) that are diametrically opposed and concentric to the axis of the hole (23), so that each ramp (26) begins at the surface of the plate in a notch (24) perpendicular to the hole and rises slightly to a stop (27).
Mediante esta placa alternativa (2), el sistema comprendido por los bloques, las placas y los pasadores, permite una fijación entre placas más sencilla y rápida puesto que cuando se gira el pasador en el interior de los orificio de las placas a fijar tras haber introducido las muescas (31) del pasador (3) en las muescas (24) de los orificios (23), dichas muescas recorren una trayectoria ascendente de la rampa (26) hasta alcanzar el tope (27) de dicha rampa (26). Una vez en esa situación, el pasador (3) no puede seguir girando, lo que unido a la trayectoria ascendente de la rampa (26) permite lograr que las dos placas unidas por dicho pasador (3) abracen y aprieten al bloque constructivo situado entre ambas placas. En la figura 8, se observa un detalle de dicha rampa (26) con un pasador (3) introducido en el orificio de la placa (2). By means of this alternative plate (2), the system comprised of the blocks, the plates and the pins, allows a simpler and faster fixing between plates since when the pin is turned inside the holes of the plates to be fixed after having introduced the notches (31) of the pin (3) in the notches (24) of the holes (23), said notches travel an upward path of the ramp (26) until reaching the stop (27) of said ramp (26). Once in that situation, the pin (3) cannot continue turning, which together with the upward path of the ramp (26) allows the two plates joined by said pin (3) to embrace and tighten the building block between both plates. In figure 8, a detail of said ramp (26) is observed with a pin (3) inserted in the hole of the plate (2).
Por otro lado, los entrantes (25) dispuestos en las placas (2) permite la unión mediante unos elementos de asociación (4) de bloques de construcción situados a la misma altura, posibilitando la unión de bloques en paralelo y la unión de bloques perpendicularmente, tal y como se observa en las figuras 7 y 9. Dicho elemento de asociación (4) tiene una forma complementaria a la de los entrantes (25) de la placa, lo que permite la unión del elemento de asociación (4) al entrante (25) de la placa por machihembrado.  On the other hand, the recesses (25) arranged in the plates (2) allow the union by means of association elements (4) of building blocks located at the same height, allowing the union of blocks in parallel and the union of blocks perpendicularly , as can be seen in Figures 7 and 9. Said association element (4) has a complementary shape to that of the recesses (25) of the plate, which allows the association element (4) to be joined to the recess (25) of the plate by tongue and groove.
Este elemento de asociación (4) es de especial aplicación para la construcción de paredes en "T", es decir, donde es necesario construir una pared perpendicular a otra. Para ello, y tal y como se observa en las figuras 7 y 9, se dispone entre dos placas de paredes perpendiculares un elemento de asociación (4) que une ambas placas entre sí y por tanto une ambas paredes perpendiculares entre sí. En este ejemplo el entrante (25) y el elemento de asociación (4) tienen forma de flecha, pero cualquier otra forma geométrica que permite el acoplamiento entre ellas podría ser válida. This association element (4) is of special application for the construction of "T" walls, that is, where it is necessary to build a wall perpendicular to another. For this, and as seen in Figures 7 and 9, an association element (4) is attached between two plates of perpendicular walls that joins both plates together and therefore joins both walls perpendicular to each other. In this example the inlet (25) and the association element (4) have an arrow shape, but any other geometric shape that allows the coupling between them could be valid.
Un elemento adicional del sistema constructivo objeto de la presente invención, es un elemento de soporte (5) de panel de fachadas que se introduce en al menos uno de los entrantes (25) dispuestos en el perímetro de una placa (2) y que presenta en un lado un apéndice (51) con la forma complementaria a la del entrante (25) de la placa (2) al que se une por machihembrado, y en el lado opuesto una guía (52) con forma de perfil en H para alojar al menos un panel (6). En las figuras 7 y 1 1 se observa este elemento de soporte (5), que presenta un apéndice (51) con una forma complementaria a la del entrante (25) de la placa (2), en concreto un apéndice formado por dos patas separadas en su extremo libre y que se introducen en dicho entrante (25). En el lado opuesto al del apéndice (51) se dispone el perfil en H (52) que sobresale exteriormente del bloque (1) y de la placa (2) y que permite la sujeción de un panel (6) por la parte inferior y por la parte superior del perfil (52).  An additional element of the constructive system object of the present invention is a support element (5) of façade panel that is inserted into at least one of the recesses (25) arranged in the perimeter of a plate (2) and which has on one side an appendix (51) with the shape complementary to that of the recess (25) of the plate (2) to which it is joined by tongue and groove, and on the opposite side a guide (52) in the form of an H profile to accommodate at least one panel (6). Figures 7 and 1 1 show this support element (5), which has an appendix (51) with a shape complementary to that of the recess (25) of the plate (2), specifically an appendix formed by two legs separated at its free end and which are introduced into said recess (25). On the opposite side of the appendix (51), the H profile (52) is provided, which protrudes externally from the block (1) and the plate (2) and which allows the fastening of a panel (6) by the lower part and at the top of the profile (52).
Una configuración alternativa del elemento soporte (5), comprende la sustitución de la guía (52) formada por el citado perfil en H por una guía (53) con medios de regulación o graduación (54) de la anchura de dicha guía (53). Para ello, dicho elemento soporte (5) comprende unos medios de regulación flexibles (54) que permiten sujetar con garantías un panel (6) que se disponga sobre dichos soportes (5) independientemente de la anchura del panel. En el ejemplo mostrado en la figura 12, dichos medios de regulación (53) comprenden al menos dos arcos flexibles (54) del mismo material que el soporte (5) y que se pueden deformar para alojar paneles de diferentes anchuras en la guía (53). Estos medios de regulación (54) de la anchura de la guía (53) se disponen tanto en la parte superior como inferior del soporte (5), al igual que sucede con la guía con perfil en H (52).  An alternative configuration of the support element (5), includes the replacement of the guide (52) formed by said H-profile with a guide (53) with adjustment or graduation means (54) of the width of said guide (53) . For this, said support element (5) comprises flexible adjustment means (54) that allow securing a panel (6) that is arranged on said supports (5) independently of the width of the panel. In the example shown in Figure 12, said regulating means (53) comprise at least two flexible arches (54) of the same material as the support (5) and which can be deformed to accommodate panels of different widths in the guide (53). ). These adjustment means (54) of the width of the guide (53) are arranged both in the upper and lower part of the support (5), as is the case with the H-shaped guide (52).
Conforme a lo anterior, y de acuerdo a las figuras, las mismas también muestran un método de construcción, con una pared o paredes, del tipo formada principalmente por bloques de construcción (1) sensiblemente prismáticos con cuatro paredes (13) y provistos de al menos un orificio vertical que definen en dichos bloques al menos una boca superior (11) y una boca inferior (12); y placas de unión (2), con una superficie superior y una superficie inferior, comprendiendo dichas superficies superior e inferior unos medios de acoplamiento con las bocas superiores e inferiores de los bloques, así como unos orificios específicos, y que presenta las siguientes etapas:  According to the above, and according to the figures, they also show a construction method, with a wall or walls, of the type formed mainly by building blocks (1) substantially prismatic with four walls (13) and provided with less a vertical hole defining in said blocks at least one upper mouth (11) and one lower mouth (12); and joining plates (2), with an upper surface and a lower surface, said upper and lower surfaces comprising coupling means with the upper and lower mouths of the blocks, as well as specific holes, and having the following steps:
a) Se coloca una primera hilera de bloques de construcción sobre una superficie, b) Se coloca una primera fila de placas de unión sobre la primera hilera de bloques, de manera que cada placa se sitúe entre dos bloques consecutivos, e introduciendo los medios de acoplamiento de la superficie inferior de la placa en las bocas superiores de los bloques consecutivos, a) A first row of building blocks is placed on a surface, b) A first row of joining plates is placed on the first row of blocks, so that each plate is placed between two consecutive blocks, and introducing the coupling means of the lower surface of the plate into the upper mouths of the blocks consecutive
c) Se coloca una segunda hilera de bloques de construcción sobre la primera fila de placas, de manera que cada bloque se sitúe entre dos placas consecutivas, e introduciendo los medios de acoplamiento de la superficies superior de la placa en las bocas inferiores de los bloques,  c) A second row of building blocks is placed on the first row of plates, so that each block is placed between two consecutive plates, and introducing the coupling means of the upper surfaces of the plate into the lower mouths of the blocks ,
d) Se introduce verticalmente en al menos uno de los orificios específicos de una placa de la segunda fila un medio de fijación alargado con dos extremos, de manera que el extremo inferior del medio de fijación atraviesa un orificio específico complementario de una placa de la primera fila y el extremo superior del medio de fijación se mantiene fuera del orificio específico de la placa de la segunda fila, e) Se gira el medio de fijación respecto a su eje en el interior de los orificios desde la segunda fila de placas, de manera que unas formas complementarias dispuestas en los orificios específicos y en los extremos de los medios de fijación provocan que se acople el pasador con los orificios y fijando por tanto una placa de la primera fila con una placa de la segunda fila. Una vez descrita suficientemente la naturaleza de la invención, así como un ejemplo de realización preferente, se hace constar a los efectos oportunos que los materiales, forma, tamaño y disposición de los elementos descritos podrán ser modificados, siempre y cuando ello no suponga una alteración de las características esenciales de la invención que se reivindican a continuación.  d) An elongated fixing means with two ends is inserted vertically into at least one of the specific holes of a second row plate, so that the lower end of the fixing means crosses a specific complementary hole of a plate of the first row and the upper end of the fixing means is kept outside the specific hole of the plate of the second row, e) The fixing means is rotated with respect to its axis inside the holes from the second row of plates, so that complementary shapes arranged in the specific holes and at the ends of the fixing means cause the pin to be coupled with the holes and thus fixing a first row plate with a second row plate. Once the nature of the invention has been sufficiently described, as well as a preferred embodiment, it is stated for the appropriate purposes that the materials, shape, size and arrangement of the described elements may be modified, provided that this does not imply an alteration. of the essential features of the invention that are claimed below.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1. Placa constructiva, de unión de bloques de construcción (1) del tipo que comprenden al menos una boca superior (1 1) y al menos una boca inferior (12), presentando dicha placa (2) una superficie superior y una superficie inferior que comprenden medios de acoplamiento con la boca superior (1 1) e inferior (12) de los bloques (1), así como orificios que atraviesan dichas placas de unión (2), caracterizada porque los medios de acoplamiento comprenden juegos de apéndices (espigas o tetones) (21) independientes dispuestos sobre las superficies superior e inferior para introducirse en las bocas de los bloques de construcción. 1. Construction plate, for joining building blocks (1) of the type comprising at least one upper mouth (1 1) and at least one lower mouth (12), said plate (2) having an upper surface and a lower surface comprising coupling means with the upper (1 1) and lower (12) mouth of the blocks (1), as well as holes through said connecting plates (2), characterized in that the coupling means comprise sets of appendages (pins) or lugs) (21) independent arranged on the upper and lower surfaces to be introduced into the mouths of the building blocks.
2. Placa, según reivindicación 1 , caracterizada porque cada juego de apéndices comprende cuatro apéndices independientes.  2. Plate according to claim 1, characterized in that each set of appendices comprises four independent appendages.
3. Placa, según reivindicación 2, caracterizada porque comprende dos juegos de apéndices en cada superficie, de manera que los apéndices de cada juego se disponen en correspondencia con los vértices de una forma geométrica imaginaria coincidente con la forma del perímetro de las bocas de los bloques de construcción.  3. Plate according to claim 2, characterized in that it comprises two sets of appendages on each surface, so that the appendages of each set are arranged in correspondence with the vertices of an imaginary geometric shape coinciding with the shape of the perimeter of the mouths of the building blocks.
4. Placa, según reivindicación 3, caracterizado porque la placa es rectangular y los apéndices son perpendiculares a las superficies de la placa y se disponen en los vértices de un rectángulo imaginario.  4. Plate according to claim 3, characterized in that the plate is rectangular and the appendages are perpendicular to the surfaces of the plate and are arranged at the vertices of an imaginary rectangle.
5. Placa, según reivindicación 1 , caracterizada porque la superficie superior es simétrica respecto a un eje longitudinal y transversal, y porque la superficie inferior es simétrica respecto al mismo eje longitudinal y transversal. 5. Plate according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper surface is symmetrical with respect to a longitudinal and transverse axis, and because the lower surface is symmetrical with respect to the same longitudinal and transverse axis.
6. Placa, según reivindicación 1 , caracterizada porque los orificios se disponen en un área situada entre un juego de apéndices. 6. Plate according to claim 1, characterized in that the holes are arranged in an area between a set of appendages.
7. Placa, según reivindicación 1 , caracterizada porque en su perímetro se disponen entrantes dispuestos equidistantes entre cada pareja de apéndices de un mismo juego, de manera que cada placa presenta seis entrantes. 7. Plate according to claim 1, characterized in that in its perimeter dispositions are arranged equidistant between each pair of appendages of the same set, so that each plate has six recesses.
8. Placa, según reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque al menos uno de los orificios presenta en su perímetro y en cada una de las superficies de la placa, dos rampas que son opuestas diametralmente y concéntricas al eje del orificio, de manera que cada rampa comienza en la superficie de la placa en una muesca perpendicular al orifico y se eleva ligeramente hasta un tope.  8. Plate, according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the holes has two ramps that are diametrically opposed and concentric to the axis of the hole, in each perimeter of the plate, so that each ramp begins on the surface of the plate in a notch perpendicular to the hole and rises slightly to a stop.
9. Placa, según reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque cada uno de los apéndices (21) presenta unas lengüetas laterales (22) deformables elásticamente y adecuadas para actuar contra el interior de las bocas superiores e inferiores de los bloques y absorber las posibles diferencias dimensionales existentes en dichas bocas superiores o en las bocas inferiores de los bloques (1). 9. Plate according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the appendages (21) has elastically deformable lateral tabs (22) and suitable for act against the inside of the upper and lower mouths of the blocks and absorb the possible dimensional differences existing in said upper mouths or in the lower mouths of the blocks (1).
10. Placa, según reivindicaciones 4 y 9, caracterizada porque las lengüetas laterales (22) de cada apéndice (21) están dispuestas en un plano perpendicular a una diagonal del mencionado rectángulo imaginario, correspondiente con dicho apéndice.  10. Plate according to claims 4 and 9, characterized in that the lateral tabs (22) of each appendix (21) are arranged in a plane perpendicular to a diagonal of said imaginary rectangle, corresponding to said appendix.
11. Sistema constructivo antisísmico, que comprende:  11. Building anti-seismic system, comprising:
- bloques de construcción (1) sensiblemente prismáticos con cuatro paredes (13) y provistos de al menos un orificio vertical que definen en dichos bloques al menos una boca superior (1 1) y una boca inferior (12);  - construction blocks (1) substantially prismatic with four walls (13) and provided with at least one vertical hole defining in said blocks at least one upper mouth (1 1) and one lower mouth (12);
- placas de unión (2), con una superficie superior y una superficie inferior, posicionadas sobre los orificios verticales de los bloques que conforman hileras consecutivas de una construcción, comprendiendo dichas superficies superior e inferior unos medios de acoplamiento con las bocas superiores e inferiores de los bloques, así como unos orificios específicos,  - joining plates (2), with an upper surface and a lower surface, positioned on the vertical holes of the blocks that form consecutive rows of a construction, said upper and lower surfaces comprising coupling means with the upper and lower mouths of the blocks, as well as specific holes,
caracterizado porque adicionalmente comprende:  characterized in that it additionally comprises:
- unos medios de fijación (3) que atraviesan las placas de unión (2) a través de los orificios específicos (23) y que son adecuados para establecer la unión de al menos dos placas (2) dispuestas entre sucesivas hileras de bloque (1);  - fixing means (3) that pass through the connecting plates (2) through the specific holes (23) and which are suitable for establishing the union of at least two plates (2) arranged between successive block rows (1) );
- comprendiendo cada orificio específico (23) y los medios de fijación (3) geometrías complementarias (24, 31) que mediante un movimiento relativo de giro del medio de fijación (3) permite el acoplamiento del mismo (3) con los correspondientes orificios específicos (23) de al menos dos placas de unión (2) a fijar y dispuestas entre sucesivas hileras de bloque (1).  - comprising each specific hole (23) and the fixing means (3) complementary geometries (24, 31) which by means of a relative rotation movement of the fixing means (3) allows the coupling thereof (3) with the corresponding specific holes (23) of at least two connecting plates (2) to be fixed and arranged between successive rows of block (1).
12. Sistema, según reivindicación 11 , caracterizado porque dichos medios de fijación son unos pasadores de retención (3) con dos extremos puntiagudos para facilitar la inserción en los orificios específicos de al dos menos placas separadas por una hilera de bloques. 12. System according to claim 11, characterized in that said fixing means are retention pins (3) with two pointed ends to facilitate insertion into the specific holes of at least two plates separated by a row of blocks.
13. Sistema, según la reivindicación 11 , caracterizado porque las formas complementarias (24, 31) de acoplamiento de la placa de unión (2) y de los pasadores (3) están constituidas respectivamente por una pareja de muescas opuestas diametralmente en los orificios específicos (23) de la placa de unión (2), y por dos parejas de muescas opuestas diametralmente y definidas en unos nervios longitudinales (32) de los pasadores (3), en zonas próximas a los extremos de dichos pasadores (3). System according to claim 11, characterized in that the complementary forms (24, 31) of coupling of the connecting plate (2) and of the pins (3) are constituted respectively by a pair of diametrically opposed notches in the specific holes (23) of the connecting plate (2), and by two pairs of diametrically opposed notches and defined in longitudinal ribs (32) of the pins (3), in areas close to the ends of said pins (3).
14. Sistema, según la reivindicación 1 1 , caracterizado porque comprende las placas de las reivindicaciones 1 a 10. 14. System according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises the plates of claims 1 to 10.
15. Sistema, según la reivindicación 14, caracterizado porque comprende al menos un elemento de asociación entre dos placas dispuestas en un mismo plano y que se introduce por machihembrado en los entrantes dispuestos en el perímetro de dos placas continuas al presentar una configuración complementaria con la de los entrantes.  15. System, according to claim 14, characterized in that it comprises at least one association element between two plates arranged in the same plane and which is inserted by tongue and groove into the recesses arranged in the perimeter of two continuous plates when presenting a complementary configuration with the of the entrees.
16. Sistema, según la reivindicación 14, caracterizado porque comprende al menos un elemento de soporte de panel de fachadas que se introduce en al menos uno de los entrantes dispuestos en el perímetro de una placa y que presenta en un lado un apéndice con la forma complementaria a la del entrante de la placa al que se une por machihembrado, y en el lado opuesto una guía para alojar al menos un panel.  16. System according to claim 14, characterized in that it comprises at least one façade panel support element that is inserted into at least one of the recesses arranged in the perimeter of a plate and which has an appendix with the shape on one side. complementary to that of the plate inlet to which it is joined by tongue and groove, and on the opposite side a guide to accommodate at least one panel.
17. Método de construcción, del tipo formada principalmente por bloques de construcción (1) sensiblemente prismáticos con cuatro paredes (13) y provistos de al menos un orificio vertical que definen en dichos bloques al menos una boca superior (11) y una boca inferior (12); y placas de unión (2), con una superficie superior y una superficie inferior, comprendiendo dichas superficies superior e inferior unos medios de acoplamiento con las bocas superiores e inferiores de los bloques, así como unos orificios específicos, caracterizado porque comprende las siguientes etapas:  17. Construction method, of the type formed mainly by building blocks (1) that are substantially prismatic with four walls (13) and provided with at least one vertical hole defining in said blocks at least one upper mouth (11) and one lower mouth (12); and joining plates (2), with an upper surface and a lower surface, said upper and lower surfaces comprising coupling means with the upper and lower mouths of the blocks, as well as specific holes, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
a) Colocación de una primera hilera de bloques de construcción sobre una superficie,  a) Placing a first row of building blocks on a surface,
b) Colocación de una primera fila de placas de unión sobre la primera hilera de bloques, de manera que cada placa se sitúe entre dos bloques consecutivos, e introduciendo los medios de acoplamiento de la superficie inferior de la placa en las bocas superiores de los bloques consecutivos,  b) Placing a first row of joining plates on the first row of blocks, so that each plate is placed between two consecutive blocks, and introducing the coupling means of the lower surface of the plate into the upper mouths of the blocks consecutive
c) Colocación una segunda hilera de bloques de construcción sobre la primera fila de placas, de manera que cada bloque se sitúe entre dos placas consecutivas, e introduciendo los medios de acoplamiento de la superficies superior de la placa en las bocas inferiores de los bloques,  c) Placing a second row of building blocks on the first row of plates, so that each block is placed between two consecutive plates, and introducing the coupling means of the upper surface of the plate into the lower mouths of the blocks,
d) Introducción verticalmente en al menos uno de los orificios específicos de una placa de la segunda fila un medio de fijación alargado con dos extremos, de manera que el extremo inferior del medio de fijación atraviesa un orificio específico complementario de una placa de la primera fila y el extremo superior del medio de fijación se mantiene fuera del orificio específico de la placa de la segunda fila, d) Inserting an elongated fixing means with two ends vertically into at least one of the specific holes of a second row plate, so that the lower end of the fixing means passes through a specific complementary hole of a first row plate and the upper end of the fixing means is kept out of the specific hole of the plate of the second row,
Giro del medio de fijación respecto a su eje en el interior de los orificios desde la segunda fila de placas, de manera que unas formas complementarias dispuestas en los orificios específicos y en los extremos de los medios de fijación provocan que se acople el pasador con los orificios y fijando por tanto una placa de la primera fila con una placa de la segunda fila. Rotation of the fixing means with respect to its axis inside the holes from the second row of plates, so that complementary shapes arranged in the specific holes and at the ends of the fixing means cause the pin to be coupled with the holes and therefore fixing a first row plate with a second row plate.
PCT/ES2014/070165 2014-03-06 2014-03-06 Construction plate, anti-seismic construction system, and construction method WO2015132422A1 (en)

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ITUB20169857A1 (en) * 2016-01-07 2017-07-07 Levi Dancona Pier Lorenzo PREFABRICATED HOUSE MADE WITH ANTI-SEISMIC DRY MOUNTED WITH LEGO CUBES AND DAMPING PLATES
WO2018178407A1 (en) * 2017-03-28 2018-10-04 Blockfast Ecuador, S.A. Anti-seismic construction system
US20210293018A1 (en) * 2018-07-20 2021-09-23 Dk Gevels B.V. Wall assembly

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EP0170840A1 (en) * 1984-07-31 1986-02-12 Metten Produktions- und Handels GmbH Dry wall construction system
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ITUB20169857A1 (en) * 2016-01-07 2017-07-07 Levi Dancona Pier Lorenzo PREFABRICATED HOUSE MADE WITH ANTI-SEISMIC DRY MOUNTED WITH LEGO CUBES AND DAMPING PLATES
WO2018178407A1 (en) * 2017-03-28 2018-10-04 Blockfast Ecuador, S.A. Anti-seismic construction system
US20210293018A1 (en) * 2018-07-20 2021-09-23 Dk Gevels B.V. Wall assembly

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