WO2015001322A1

WO2015001322A1 - Defence system for water based vehicles and platforms

Info

Publication number: WO2015001322A1
Application number: PCT/GB2014/051979
Authority: WO
Inventors: Christopher ARAM
Original assignee: Asset Risk Management & Analysis Limited
Priority date: 2013-07-03
Filing date: 2014-06-30
Publication date: 2015-01-08
Also published as: GB201311930D0

Abstract

A vessel (1) including a defence system (3), said defence system (3) including a fence system (5) having a plurality of fence sections, and deployment means (7) arranged to move the fence system (5) from a storage position to a deployed position, wherein in the deployed position each fence section is positioned entirely above the level of the water, or positioned such that the lower end thereof extends into the water by a minimal amount, and, in the deployed condition, the plurality of fence sections form a fence that extends around the full perimeter of the vessel (1) to prevent an attacker from gaining access to the vessel by boat.

Description

Defence System For Water Based Vehicles and Platforms

The present invention relates to a defence system for water based vehicles, such as ships, boats and hovercraft, and water based platforms, such as oil and gas rigs.

Piracy is a significant threat to the commercial and private shipping industry that costs billions of dollars every year through increased fuel costs, loss of earnings, ransoms, increased insurance premiums, damage to vessels and theft or spoilage of cargo. Pirates often use small, fast, open topped boats known as 'skiffs' to approach their target vessels and then board with weapons to try and take control, before re-routing the vessel and demanding a ransom for its safe return along with the crew. It is therefore desirable to provide a comprehensive defence system that can drastically reduce the likelihood of a ship being hijacked and vastly reduce the associated costs of piracy.

Approximately 50% of the commercial vessels that transit the high risk areas around the Indian Ocean have elected to use Armed Security Teams to protect their vessels from the threats posed by piracy. Armed Security Teams are generally effective and should be used to supplement any defensive systems that are employed by the vessel. The teams however are extremely expensive and are only as good as the team members. With recent economic hardships faced by the commercial shipping industry resulting in the use of cheaper and less capable security teams.

Terrorism is an emerging threat to the commercial and private shipping industry and an established threat to the navies of the democratic world; with the bombing of the USS Cole in the Port of Aden on 12 Oct 2000 whilst refuelling, which killed 17 members of crew and injured a further 39, also costing in excess of US $200M to repair. With the rapidly increasing number of vessels at sea (due to double over the next 10 years), it is anticipated that the threat to shipping from terrorism will also increase. The vulnerability of ships is further amplified by the vast distances they travel and their isolation and dislocation from protection or rescue afforded by coastguards or other naval vessels.

One of the largest costs to the shipping industry whilst conducting normal operations is that of fuel. In recent years, shipping companies have instructed their fleets to re-route to decrease the chances of being attacked, for example, by hugging the coastline of India when moving north or south through the Indian Ocean. This trend of re-routing has placed the vessels in much greater proximity to commercial and private fishing fleets, which can lead to damage of fishing equipment such as nets. It also leads to an increase in fuel costs as longer routes are taken. Shipping companies have also attempted to address piracy by increasing the speed of their ships when in high risk areas. However, shipping companies have found that this significantly adds to shipping costs due to the increase in fuel used, and therefore this is not a favoured solution.

Although there are several systems currently available that claim to provide a defensive barrier to commercial, private and naval ships, they are largely reliant on being anchored to the sea floor in order to gain their impact resistance. The few devices that are intended for use whilst a vessel is underway are neither fuel efficient, particularly impact resistant, rapidly deployable nor provide protection to the whole vessel. It is therefore desirable to develop a system that can be deployed and /or retracted very rapidly that provides a fuel efficient and practical solution to this problem.

There are a growing number of environmental and political groups that take issue with shipping and oil companies for their negative impact on the environment and what they believe are irresponsible actions and attitudes. These groups have, on occasion tried to disrupt the operations of these companies by boarding vessels, attaching objects to the vessels, and placing banners or spraying messages around the hull. The currently available methods that shipping companies use to defend against pirates (namely Armed Guards) are disproportionate and inappropriate to counter the threat posed by these environmental or political groups. It is therefore desirable to develop a system that would prevent activists from being able to board a vessel or gain access to the hull in a manner that does not cause harm to them (which would have a very negative impact on the company once publicized by the media).

Robbery is also a significant problem for the commercial shipping industry. With trade routes often taking ships in close proximity of impoverished and economically destitute areas, there is inevitably a significant occurrence of robbery from ships. The cargos of some ships can value hundreds of millions of dollars, with items frequently left around the

S-P553504PC_140630 deck often being worth thousands of dollars, like ropes and other shipping equipment. A typical robbery will consist of a small vessel approaching a ship at anchor (often under the guise of wanting to trade, or at night time). If the vessel is unnoticed or unchallenged the robbers climb the anchor chain or use ropes to board the vessel. Once on board, the robbers look for anything of value and lower it down to their waiting accomplice. They are rarely armed with anything more than a knife and will typically jump overboard if discovered. It is therefore desirable to develop a system that would prevent robbers from being able to board a vessel or steal from it without being noticed.

In order to protect vessels from torpedoes, it is known to provide a torpedo net along one side of the ship in order to prevent the torpedo from hitting the ship. The torpedo net is located below the surface of the water, and is therefore ineffective against approaching boats.

Accordingly the present invention seeks to provide a ship defence system that mitigates at least one of the above-mentioned problems, or at least to provide an alternative system. According to one aspect of the invention there is provided a defence system for a vessel, said defence system including a fence system and deployment means arranged to move the fence system from a storage position to a deployed position, wherein in the deployed position at least a part of the fence system is positioned above the level of the water substantially around the perimeter of the vessel to prevent attackers such as pirates, terrorists and thieves, from gaining access to the vessel by boat.

According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a vessel including a defence system, said defence system including a fence system having a plurality of fence sections, and deployment means arranged to move each fence section from a storage position to a deployed position, wherein, in the deployed position, each fence section is positioned entirely above the level of the water, or is positioned such that the lower end thereof extends into the water by a minimal amount, and the plurality of fence sections form a fence that extends around the full perimeter of the vessel.

Since each fence section is above the mean level of the water, or only protrudes a minimal amount into the water, the invention can be used while the vessel is moving since the

S-P553504PC_140630 hydrodynamic drag is relatively small. The invention can of course be used at anchor or in port. The invention differs from known torpedo nets that are located entirely below the level of the water around a ship, and therefore are not suitable for stopping small boats from approaching the vessel. Furthermore, known torpedo nets are arranged to protect only a part of the vessel, thus leaving at least one side, typically the bow and/or stern exposed. Thus the invention provides a physical barrier around the entire perimeter of the vessel, which prevents pirates from coming alongside the vessel by boat and therefore makes it much more difficult for the pirates to board the vessel, while minimising hydrodynamic drag. Typically, each fence section has a height of at least 1.5m, preferably at least 2m and more preferably still around 3m, according to the size of the vessel. Typically, each fence section is deployed such that the lower edge of the fence section is at or above the level of the water. For situations where the fence section protrudes into the water, typically at least 90%, and preferably at least 95%, of the height of the fence section is located above the mean water level.

The term vessel is to be understood to refer to any water going vehicle, such as a ship, boat, or hovercraft, and/or a water based platform, such as a mining rig (e.g. oil rig, gas rig), or salvage platform.

Advantageous features of preferred embodiments are disclosed in the dependent claims and the statements of invention below.

Advantageously the storage position is located on the vessel. Since the fence system is located on the vessel when in the storage position, there is no hydrodynamic drag, thereby improving the efficiency of the vessel. Advantageously the deployment means is arranged to move the fence system from the deployed position to the storage position. The vessel includes at least one of a hull, support leg and a deck. The storage position for the fence system is at least one of: alongside the hull at a height above water level, alongside the support leg at a height above water level, and on the deck.

Advantageously the deployment means is arranged to deploy the fence system such that the minimum distance between the fence system and the hull of the vessel is at least 2m,

S-P553504PC_140630 preferably at least 4m, and more preferably still at least 6m. Typically the fence system is deployed a minimum distance D from the hull of the ship, wherein D is in the range 5 to 20 m.

The deployment means includes a plurality of deployment units for deploying the fence system. The deployment units are distributed around the vessel, typically on a deck. However, the deployment units can be located in other places, for example on the side of the hull of a ship and/or support leg(s) for a platform. In preferred embodiments the deployment units are distributed at regular intervals around at least a part of the perimeter of the deck. However it will be appreciated that for some parts of the vessel, such as the bow, stern and/or corner, that additional deployment units may be required.

Advantageously at least one deployment unit, and preferably a plurality of deployment units, can be located towards a bow of the vessel. Typically, a vessel includes at least three deployment units located towards the bow of the vessel. This is to account for the shape of the bow. Advantageously at least one deployment unit, and preferably a plurality of deployment units, can be located towards the corner of a vessel, such as the stern of a ship, or a platform.

Advantageously at least one of the deployment units includes an articulated arm, which is arranged to move the fence system from the storage position to the fully deployed position. Advantageously a plurality of deployment units can each include an articulated arm. In some embodiments, each of the deployment units includes an articulated arm. For example, the vessel can include n articulated arms, wherein n is typically in the range 2 to 20, and preferably in the range 3 to 15. The number selected is determined by the size of the vessel.

The or each articulated arm includes a base and a first arm member pivotally attached to the base about a first axis. The or each articulated arm can include a second arm member pivotally attached to the first arm member about a second axis. This increases the range of movements that are achievable. The or each articulated arm can include a third arm member pivotally attached to the second arm member about a third axis. This further increases the range of movements that are achievable, and provides significant flexibility for deploying the fence system. In preferred embodiments, the first, second and third pivot

S-P553504PC_140630 axes are arranged substantially parallel to one another. In some embodiments the base is rotatable about a fourth axis. The fourth axis is substantially perpendicular to the first axis.

Advantageously a drive system is included for operably moving at least one of the articulated arms. Advantageously the drive system can be arranged to move a plurality of articulated arms, and in preferred embodiments, is arranged to move all of the articulated arms in a coordinated manner. The or each articulated arm can include at least one linear drive, and preferably a plurality of linear drives, for operably moving the articulated arm. For example, each articulated arm can include a first linear drive for pivoting the first arm member with respect to the base. Each articulated arm can include a second linear drive for pivoting the second arm member with respect to the first arm member. Each articulated arm can include a third linear drive for pivoting the third arm member with respect to the second arm member. Each linear drive can include a hydraulic cylinder. This arrangement of articulated arm provides the deployment means with flexibility in terms of the storage positions that are selectable and the deployment positions. For example, the fence system can be stored in a first storage position where it hangs downwards from the articulated arms, alongside the hull. Alternatively, according to the user's preference, the fence system can be stowed in a second position, wherein the fence system is located between the first and second arm members. Also, this arrangement of arms is cable of setting the fence system in a substantially vertical orientation around the perimeter of the vessel, at different distances from the vessel, according to user selection. Thus a wider or narrower exclusion zone can be provided according to the level and/or type of threat faced.

At least a part of the fence system is mounted on the articulated arms. Advantageously the fence system can be attached to the third arm members.

Advantageously the fence system can include at least one float unit that is deployable from the storage position into the water in order to at least partially support the weight of the fence. Advantageously the fence system typically includes a plurality of float units. The float units are distributed about the vessel to provide support to the fence where required. In preferred embodiments, for at least some of the deployment units, each deployment unit has its own float unit associated therewith.

S-P553504PC_140630 Advantageously at least one of the deployment units includes means for moving the float unit from the storage position to the water. The deployment unit includes means for moving the float unit from the water to the storage position. In preferred embodiments, the deployment unit includes a winch system that is arranged to move the float unit from the storage position to the water. The winch system can include a fixed or a movable boom. The invention can make use of existing winches located on the vessel and/or can include winches that are dedicated to the defence system. Typically the winch system includes a flexible member, such as a rope, cable or tether that connects the winch to the float unit.

Advantageously the or each float unit can include at least one buoyant body. Advantageously the or each buoyant body can be substantially cylindrical. Advantageously the or each buoyant body can include a conical leading end, to improve the aerodynamics and hydrodynamics of the body. Advantageously the or each buoyant body can include an outer shell. The outer shell can include materials such as Kevlar, ceramics, and plastics. Preferably a tough outer shell is provided to protect the body form damage. The or each body can include a double walled insulated plastics core, which is surrounded by the outer shell. Advantageously the or each buoyant body can include a foam core. Advantageously the or each buoyant body can include a storage cavity and a removable cover for accessing the cavity, for example for storing electrical, electronic and control devices. Advantageously the or each float unit can include at least one, and preferably a plurality, of hydrofoil wing(s). This is to reduce hydrodynamic drag when the float unit is in the water. Typically the float unit includes two hydrofoil wings, one on each side of the buoyant body, or four hydrofoil wings, two on each side of the buoyant body.

Advantageously the or each float unit can include a mast. The fencing system is attached to the mast. The mast is arranged substantially perpendicularly to a longitudinal axis of the buoyant body.

Advantageously the float unit can include at least one roller for engaging a side wall of the vessel, typically the hull of a ship or a support leg of a platform, when the float unit is moved from the storage position to the deployed position, and vice versa. The roller

S-P553504PC_140630 prevents damage from being caused to the side wall of the vessel and/or float unit when the float unit is deployed or retracted.

Advantageously the float unit can include means for communicating with the vessel. For example, the float unit can include wireless means for sending signals to the vessel and / or receiving signals from the vessel. The communication means can include a wired connection.

Advantageously the float unit can include a rudder. The orientation of the rudder can be adjustable. Alternatively the orientation of the rudder can be fixed at an angle that forces the float unit away from the side of the vessel, for example as the vessel moves through the water. Advantageously the float unit can include a control system for controlling the orientation of the rudder. Advantageously the rudder can be controlled from the vessel, for example by sending control signals via the communication means. This enables the orientation of the rudder to be set at an angle that forces the float unit away from the side of the vessel to a preferred deployment position. The orientation can be set, for example to minimise drag, or to an orientation that increases the stiffness of the fence system, that is, resists impacts on the fence.

Advantageously the or each float unit can include its own power source and/or power generator means. For example, the or each float unit can include a cell and/or at least one electricity generator such as a water driven dynamo, wave motion driven dynamo, wind driven dynamo, wind turbine, water turbine, heat conversion module, solar panel or other device.

Advantageously the system can include a plurality of float units, wherein at least one pair of float units is electrically connected together. This enables the float units to share power and / or control signals. Advantageously the system can include means for jettisoning the or each float unit. For example, the vessel can include a cutting device for cutting any wire, cable, or tether that connects the or each float unit to the vessel. Typically a cutting device is associated with each of the deployment units that has an associated float unit. The jettisoning means is provided so that in an emergency situation the float units, and those parts of the fencing

S-P553504PC_140630 system associated therewith can be detached from the vessel. For example, if in a hostage situation it is desirable for a friendly naval ship to come alongside the vessel. A control system can be provided that enables the jettisoning means to be controlled from the vessel. In some embodiments, the jettisoning system can be controlled remotely from a different vessel, for example from the friendly naval ship.

Advantageously the fence system can include a plurality of fence sections. Advantageously at least one of the fence sections can be attached to a pair of articulated arms. Advantageously at least one of the fence sections can be attached to a pair of float units. Advantageously at least one of the fence sections can be attached to one of the articulated arms and to one of the float units. Typically each fence section is attached to its associated articulated arms and/or float units such that at least a substantial portion of the fence section is mounted between the arms and/or float units.

Each fence section can include at least one flexible fencing member, and preferably a plurality of flexible fencing members. The or each flexible fencing member can comprise, for example a wire or cable. The or each flexible fencing member extends from one of the associated articulated arms or float units, to the other of the associated articulated arms or float units. The or each flexible fencing member provides a barrier between said articulated arm(s) and/or float unit(s). Typically each flexible member is arranged substantially perpendicularly to the articulated arm and/or float unit. Typically each flexible member is arranged substantially parallel with a longitudinal axis of the vessel, that is, substantially horizontally. When connecting a fence section to one of the float units, the fence section is connected to the mast and /or buoyant body. The fence section can include a plurality of flexible fencing members arranged substantially in parallel. Preferably the fence section includes 5 to 20 flexible fencing members arranged in parallel. The fence section can include at least one flexible fence member that is arranged in a zig-zag or raster pattern between the associated articulated arm(s) and/or float unit(s).

Advantageously at least one of the fence sections, and preferably a plurality of fence sections, can include a mesh like structure. This is to provide improved impact resistance and to restrict the passage of projectiles towards the ship, such as Rocket Propelled Grenades (RPGs).

S-P553504PC_140630 Advantageously the length of at least one fence section is adjustable. In preferred embodiments, a plurality of the fence sections each have adjustable lengths. This is particularly useful for non-rectilinear portions of the vessel, for example at the bow and / or stern of a ship, or at a corner of a platform, wherein the distance between a pair of articulated arms (a pair of float units, or an articulated arm and a float unit) in the deployed position is different from the distance in the storage position. A similar problem occurs, at a starboard and / or port side of the ship that is more curvilinear than rectilinear.

Advantageously the fence system can be arranged such that at least one of the fence sections automatically adjusts its length when moving from the storage position to the fully deployed position.

Advantageously at least one of the fence sections can include a retractor system, said retractor system including at least one of retractor unit, and preferably a plurality of retractor units, wherein the or each reactor unit is arranged to dispense and retract at least one flexible fencing member. Typically the flexible fencing member is in the form of a wire, tape or cable, and is typically made from a material such as steel, carbon fibres, or similar materials. Each retractor unit is mounted on its associated articulated arm or associated float unit. Advantageously each retractor unit can include resilient means, such as a spring, for biasing the or each flexible fencing member in the retraction direction.

Advantageously the retractor system includes a locking system for locking the position of the or each flexible fence member. This helps to brace the fence section against impact when the fence system is in the fully deployed position. Advantageously the locking system can be controllable to select the locked and unlocked conditions.

Advantageously each retractor unit can include a locking mechanism for locking the position of its flexible member, for example in the manner of a seatbelt retractor system. Advantageously the fence section can be connected to its associated float unit via at least one pulley, and preferably a plurality of pulleys. Advantageously the fence section can be connected to its associated articulated arm via at least one pulley, and preferably a plurality of pulleys. The pulleys are particularly useful when the fence section is attached to at least one float unit. The pulleys prevent the or each flexible member from work hardening and

S-P553504PC_140630 failing, for example due to fatigue, because of the constant movement of the float unit on the water.

Advantageously at least one of the pulleys is mounted on the mast. Typically a plurality of pulleys are mounted on each mast of a pair of float units associated with the fence section. The pulleys are mounted spaced apart on each mast. A flexible fencing member, such as a steel cable, can form a barrier between the masts by looping back and forth between the masts and running over each of the pulleys. The cable is fixed to a lower fixing formation on the buoyant body to an upper fixing formation on the mast.

Typically, the length of at least one fence section is substantially fixed. Preferably the defence system includes a plurality of fence sections having substantially fixed lengths. These can be employed along sections of the vessel that are arranged substantially rectilinearly.

Advantageously, the defence system includes a control system for controlling operation of the deployment means. The control system is arranged to synchronise operation of the deployment units to deploy and/or retract the fence system. Thus the control system is arranged to control operation of the articulated arms and / or the winch systems for deploying the float units. For example, the control system controls operation of the drive systems for the articulated arms and winch systems. Advantageously the control system can be arranged to operate each of the deployment units substantially simultaneously. Thus all parts of the fence system can be deployed substantially simultaneously. This ensures quick deployment and significantly reduces the possibility of sections of fence from becoming damaged, for example by stretching or snagging the cables.

Advantageously the control system can include a portable control device that is movable around the vessel, and a user is able to control operation of the deployment means from the portable control device. This enables a user to control operation of the defence system from different locations around the vessel, for example from the bridge of a ship during normal operations, or from a safe room during an attack. Advantageously the portable control device can include a wireless communications system, such as a Wi-Fi system, for communicating with a communications network on the vessel. Additionally, or alternatively, the portable control device can be arranged to dock with an interfacing port.

S-P553504PC_140630 Interfacing ports can be located at several different locations around the ship. The deployment means is connected to the vessel's communications network.

Advantageously the defence system can include an anti-climb device mounted on at least some of the deployment units. This is to prevent pirates from gaining access to the vessel by climbing over the deployment units. For example, the anti-climb mechanism can include at least one member that is arranged to rotate relative to the deployment unit. The anti-climb member can include an arrangement of sharp projections, such as an arrangement of barbs and/or blades, which are preferably mounted on the rotatable member. The anti-climb device can be painted black, so that it absorbs more solar energy, thereby making it hot to touch in warmer climates.

Advantageously the defence system can include means for electrifying at least part of the fence system. This would provide any pirates climbing on the fence an electric shock.

Advantageously the defence system can include an alarm system. The alarm system can be arranged to detect impacts on the fence system and / or if the fence has been severed. Advantageously the defence system can include at least one of the following counter measure devices: a spray unit arranged to spray an incapacitating and/or aggravating agent such as a chilli pepper, pepper, acids, alkalines, chemical agents, nerve agents, hallucinogenic agents, sleep inducing agents, staining agents, metallic filings, ball bearings, fragments of metal, glass and/or other solid sharp objects, flammable substances, explosives, water, high pressure water or high pressure gas; a visually impairing device such as a smoke system, structures to reflect the sun's energy towards the attackers, laser technology, pressurised emission of micronized powder, and a system which enables sea water to be rapidly condensed thereby providing a supply of dense fog; and a unit for ejecting a floating rope to jam the boat's propeller. Advantageously at least one of the defensive counter measures can be deployed from a deployment unit, for example from one of the articulated arms. Additionally, or alternatively, at least one of the defensive counter measures can be deployed from the fence system, for example from at least one of the float units. Preferably at least some, and preferably all of the articulated arms, include at least one of the counter measures. Preferably at least some, and preferably all of the float units, include at least one of the counter measures. A significant advantage of the invention

S-P553504PC_140630 is that at least one, and preferably a plurality, of the counter measure(s) is mounted in close proximity to the attackers, for example on the articulated arms, fence, and/or float unit. This provides a significant advantage in terms of the effectiveness of the countermeasures against the attackers, since they will be in close proximity to the attackers, and benefit from the direction that attackers must approach the vessel from and the relative directions of water and wind.

Advantageously the defence system can include at least one of the following ancillary systems: a lighting system, which can distribute light outwards away from the protected ship to other marine structures and/or inwards towards the protected ship or structures; camera system; speaker system; a visual display system; and a sonar transceiver. Advantageously at least one of the ancillary systems can be mounted on one of the deployment units, for example from one of the articulated arms. Additionally, or alternatively, at least one of the ancillary systems can be mounted on the fence system, for example on at least one of the float units. Preferably at least some, and preferably all of the articulated arms, include at least one of the ancillary systems. Preferably at least some, and preferably all of the float units, include at least one of the ancillary systems.

According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a defence system for a vessel including a fence system having at least one fence section, and deployment means including first and second articulated arms, wherein each of the first and second articulated arms includes a base, a first arm section pivotally attached to the base, a second arm section pivotally attached to the first arm section, and a third arm section pivotally attached to the second arm section, wherein the fence section is attached to the third arm section of each of the first and second articulated arms, and the deployment means is arranged to move the fence section from a storage position to a deployed position. Articulated arms of this type provide deployment position flexibility and storage position flexibility.

According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a defence system for a vessel including a fence system having at least one fence section, and deployment means for moving the or each fence section from a storage position to a deployed position, wherein the defence system includes a control system for controlling operation of the deployment means, wherein the control system includes a portable control device that is movable around the vessel, and a user is able to control operation of the deployment means

S-P553504PC_140630 via the portable control device. This is particularly advantageous where there is a threat from pirates boarding the vessel. It enables the defence system to be controlled from any position within the vessel. Advantageously the portable control device includes a wireless communications system, such as a Wi-Fi system, for communicating with a communications network on the vessel. Advantageously the control system can be arranged to control operation of any aspect of the defence system, including any countermeasures and ancillary systems.

According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a defence system for a vessel including a fence system having at least one fence section, and deployment means moving the or each fence section from a storage position to a deployed position, and the fence section includes at least one retractor unit that is arranged to dispense and/or retract at least one flexible fencing member thereby automatically adjusting the length of the fence section as it moves from the storage position to the deployed position and/or the deployed position to the storage position. The length of the fence section is in the direction of the perimeter of the vessel. That is, extension takes place in a direction that is substantially horizontal. This is particularly useful for non-linear portions of a vessel, for example the bow and/or stern of a ship, and corners of a platform. Advantageously the system includes a locking system for locking the position of the or each flexible fence member, for example to fix the length of the fence section when in the deployed position. Advantageously each retractor unit includes a locking mechanism for locking the position of its respective flexible member(s). Advantageously the or each fence section includes a plurality of retractor units, each of which is arranged to dispense and/or retract at least one flexible fencing member thereby adjusting the length of the fencing section. For example, the flexible fencing member can be in the form of a steel wire or cable. The or each fence section can include a pair of support posts, several retractor units are mounted on one of the support posts (just on one of the posts in the pair, or some mounted on a first post in the pair and others mounted on a second post in the pair), and the flexible members extend from the retractor units to the other post to form a barrier. When moving from the storage position to the deployed position, and / or the deployed position to the storage position, the separation between the support posts is adjusted, and hence the length of the flexible members is adjusted. Typically the separation increases during deployment, and decreases when moving to the storage position. The support posts are arranged substantially

S-P553504PC_140630 vertically in use. Advantageously the or each retractor unit can include biasing means for biasing the or each flexible member in the retraction direction.

According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a defence system for a vessel including a fence system having at least one fence section, and deployment means moving the or each fence section from a storage position to a deployed position, wherein the fencing system includes at least one float unit that is deployable from the storage position to the water in order to at least partially support the weight of the fence section. Advantageously the fence section includes a wire-like barrier. Advantageously the deployment system includes at least first and second deployment units, and the fencing system includes a first float unit associated with the first deployment unit and a second float unit associated with the second deployment unit. The fence section is attached to the first and second float units. Advantageously the arrangement is such that in the deployed position, each fence section is positioned entirely above the level of the water, or is positioned such that the lower end thereof extends into the water by a minimal amount. The first float unit includes a first mast and the second float unit includes a second mast, and the fence section is attached to the first and second masts, preferably by pulleys. Advantageously the or each float unit includes at least one, and preferably a plurality, of hydrofoil wing(s). The or each float unit includes means for communicating with the vessel. Advantageously the or each float unit includes a rudder. The orientation of the rudder is adjustable. A control system is provided for controlling the orientation of the rudder so that the float unit can be steered, for example towards or away from the vessel to control the distance between the fence and the vessel. The unit may be steered in order to increase and/or reduce hydrocyanic drag, as required in the circumstances. Advantageously the or each float unit includes its own power source and/or power generator means. Advantageously at least one pair of float units are electrically connected together. Advantageously the fence system includes a plurality of fence sections which form a fence that extends around the full perimeter of the vessel to prevent attackers such as pirates, terrorists and thieves, from gaining access to the vessel by boat, wherein the fence is supported by the float units.

S-P553504PC_140630 According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a vessel, such as a ship or water based platform, including a defence system according to any configuration described herein.

Embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

Figure 1 shows a ship including a defence system according to a first embodiment of the invention, said defence system including an impact resistant fence, which is shown in a first storage position;

Figure 2 is a side view of an articulated arm used in the defence system to deploy an impact resistant fence around the perimeter of the ship, said arm being in a condition wherein the fence is held in the first storage position;

Figure 3 is an isometric view of two arms of the type shown in Figure 2 and a section of impact resistant fencing held in the first storage position;

Figure 4 is a side view of the arm of Figure 2 with the fence held in a fully deployed position;

Figure 5 is an isometric view of two arms of the type shown in Figure 2 with a section of fence held in the fully deployed position;

Figure 6 is a front view of the arm of Figure 2 with the fence held in the fully deployed position; Figure 7 is an isometric view of the ship of Figure 1 with the fence in the fully deployed position;

Figure 8 is an isometric view of one corner of a stern portion of the ship, with the fence in the fully deployed position;

Figure 9 is a side view of the arm of Figure 2 in a condition wherein the fence is held in a second storage position;

Figure 10 is an isometric view of two arms of the type shown in Figure 2 showing

S-P553504PC_140630 the fence held in the second storage position;

Figure 11 is a side view of the arm of Figure 2 in a partial state of deployment to illustrate movement of the fence and arm from the second storage position to the fully deployed position. Figure 12 is an isometric view of two arms of the type shown in Figure 2 in a partial state of deployment to illustrate movement of a section of fence and the arms from the second storage position to the fully deployed position;

Figure 13 is a diagrammatic view of a rig including the defence system of the first embodiment of the invention, wherein the fence is in the first storage position; Figure 14 is a diagrammatic view of the rig of Figure 13, wherein the fence is in the fully deployed position;

Figure 15 is a ship including a defence system according to a second embodiment of the invention, said defence system including an impact resistant fence, which is shown in the fully deployed position; Figure 16 is an isometric view of a floating platform included in the defence system;

Figure 17 is an isometric view of the floating platform of Figure 16 deployed in water and showing the manner in which the fence is attached to the platform;

Figure 18 is a side view of the floating platform shown in Figure 17;

Figure 19 is a rear view of the floating platform shown in Figure 17; and Figure 20 is an isometric view of the floating platform shown in Figure 17 in a storage position.

Figures 1 to 12 show a ship 1 that includes a defence system 3 according to a first embodiment of the invention. The defence system includes an impact resistant fence 5 and a deployment system 7 for moving the fence 5 from a storage position to a fully deployed position, and from the fully deployed position to the storage position. Figure 1 shows the fence 5 in the storage position and Figure 7 shows the fence in the fully deployed position.

S-P553504PC_140630 It will be apparent from these figures that the fence 5 is arranged to fully surround the perimeter of the ship, at least in the fully deployed condition.

The deployment system 7 includes a plurality of articulated arms 9, which are arranged to move the fence 5 from the storage position to the deployed position, and vice versa. Each arm 9 includes a base 11, which is fixed to the deck 13 of the ship 1; a first arm member 15 pivotally attached to the base 11; a second arm member 17 is pivotally attached to the first arm member 15; and a third arm member 19 is pivotally attached to the second arm member 17.

The first arm member 15 is pivotally attached to the base 11 via a first pivot pin 21, which is located towards a first end 23 of the first arm member. A first hydraulic cylinder 25 is pivotally attached to the base 11 via a second pivot pin 27 and to an underside 29 of the first arm member via a third pivot pin 31 and a first flange 33. The first arm member 15 includes a bend 35 of approximately 30 degrees. A first end 37 of the second arm member is pivotally attached to a second end 39 of the first arm member by a fourth pivot pin 41. The second arm member 17 includes an extended portion 43, which extends beyond the fourth pivot pin 41. A second hydraulic cylinder 45 is pivotally attached to an upper side 47 of the first arm member 15 via a flange 49 and fifth pivot pin 51. The second hydraulic cylinder 45 is pivotally connected to the extended portion 43 of the second arm member 17 by a pivot pin 52. The second arm member 17 has a bend located at approximately one fifth of the length of the second arm member, thereby defining first and second parts that are angled around 45 degrees to one another.

An anti-climb device 53 is mounted on the second arm portion 17 to prevent attackers from boarding the ship by climbing along the articulated arms 9. The anti-climb device 53 includes a rotatable member 55, that is rotatable relative to the second arm member 17, having a series of barbs/blades 57 protruding therefrom. Preferably, at least a portion of the arm 9 is painted matt black, so that it heats up during the day, further making it unpleasant for the attackers to climb aboard the ship.

A first end 59 of the third arm member is pivotally attached to a second end 61 of the second arm member via a sixth pivot pin 63. The third arm member 19 includes an

S-P553504PC_140630 ex tended portion 65, which extends beyond the sixth pivot pin 63. A third hydraulic cylinder 67 is pivotally attached to an upper side 69 of the second arm member via a flange 71 and seventh pivot pin 73 to the extended portion 65.

The first, fourth and sixth pivot pins are arranged substantially parallel to one another. Optionally, the base can be arranged to pivot about an axis that is substantially perpendicular to the first, fourth and sixth pivot pins.

The first hydraulic cylinder 25 acts as a linear drive to articulate the first arm member 15 with respect to the base 11. The second hydraulic cylinder 45 acts as a linear drive to articulate the second arm member 17 with respect to the first arm member 15. The third hydraulic cylinder 67 acts as a linear drive to articulate the third arm member 19 with respect to the second arm member 17. Each of the linear drives, 25,45,67 are controlled via a hydraulic control system, which typically includes an electronic interface to enable it to connect to a ships communications network.

Several of the articulated arms 9 are distributed around the perimeter of the ship. Typically, each arm 9 is mounted on the deck 13 of the ship. However, it will be appreciated by the skilled person that the articulated arms 9 may be mounted on the side of the hull (or support pillars for a water based platform). For the ship 1 shown in Figure 1, fourteen arms 9_a-_n are mounted around the perimeter of the deck. The first arm 9_a is mounted at the bow of the ship. Arms 9_g_i are mounted at the stern of the ship. Arms 9_b-_g are located down a left hand (port) side of the ship and arms 9_j__n are located on a right hand (starboard) side of the ship.

Sections of fence 5 are connected between adjacent arms 9. The sections of fence 5 are connected to the third arm members 19 (see Figures 3 and 5). There is a section of fence 5 mounted to the following pairs of arm members, such that the section of fence 5 forms a barrier between the pairs of arms: 9_a and 9_b ; 9_C and 9_d ; 9_d and 9_e ; 9_e and 9_f ; 9_f and 9_g ; 9_g and 9_h; 9_h and 9i ; 9i and 9_j ; 9_j and ; and 9i ; 9i and 9 _m ; 9_m and 9_n ; and 9_n and 9_a.

Each section of fence 5 comprises several parallel wires or cables 75 (10 shown in Figure 6), hereinafter referred to as cables 75. The horizontal cables 75 are attached at their ends to their respective arms 9_a__n. The sections of fence 5 between arms 9_j and ; and 9i ; 9_\

S-P553504PC_140630 and 9 m ; 9c and 9d ; 9d and 9_e ; and 9_e and 9f additionally each include a mesh cable fence 77 (see Figures 3, 5, 6 and 7). The interconnecting wires or cables 77, hereinafter referred to as cables 77, provide a mesh or net-like arrangement, to provide protection against projectiles such as RPGs and generally strengthens the fence 5. The sections of fence between arms 9_n and 9_a ; 9_a and 9b; 9f and 9_g ; 9_g and % ; % and 9i; and 9i and 9j each comprise substantially horizontal cables 75 only, without any interconnecting cables 77. This is because a significant challenge for the invention when providing a perimeter substantially surrounding the entire ship at or above water level, is that in respect of the bow and stern areas, when the arms 9 are in the fully deployed position, the length of the fencing 5 required is greater than when in the fully retracted position, due to the geometries of the bow and stern. The invention addresses this in two ways: 1) having horizontal cables 75, which are sized for the fully deployed position and when in the storage position are allowed to slacken, typically hanging at the side of the hull or on the deck; and 2) providing a retractor system having a number of retractor devices 76, which dispense the horizontal cables 75 from a spool (not shown) when moved to the deployment position and retract the cables 75 onto the spool when moved to the storage position. Each retractor device 76 includes a biasing system, such as spring (not shown), which is arranged to bias the spool to wind the cable 75 onto the spool. Each retractor device includes a locking mechanism (not shown) for locking the position of the cable 75, thereby preventing further retraction/dispensing of the cable 75. The locking mechanism is typically activated when the fence 5 is fully deployed in order to ensure that its associated cable 75 is kept taut when in the fully deployed position. Typically, one retractor device 76 is provided for each cable 75. Each retractor device 76 is mounted on one of the articulated arms 9, preferably to the third arm portion 19, and the cable 75 is attached to the other arm 9. Typically, the retractor devices 76 are spaced along the third arm portion. Thus retractor devices 76 are mounted on at least some of the following articulated arms: 9_a, 9b, 9f, 9_g, 9h, 9i, 9j, 9_n. It will be appreciated that the retractor devices 76 can be used on any of the articulated arms 9_a-_n according to the ship / platform design.

Optionally, each articulated arm 9 _a__n can include at least one of the following counter attack measures: a spray unit arranged to spray an incapacitating and/or aggravating agent such as a chilli pepper, pepper, acids, alkalines, chemical agents, nerve agents,

S-P553504PC_140630 hallucinogenic agents, sleep inducing agents, staining agents, metallic filings, ball bearings, fragments of metal, glass and/or other solid sharp objects, flammable substances, explosives, water, high pressure water or high pressure gas; a visually impairing device such as a smoke system, structures to reflect the sun's energy towards the attackers such as mirrors or parabolic reflectors, laser technology, pressurised emission of micronized powder, and a system which enables sea water to be rapidly condensed thereby providing a supply of dense fog; and a unit for ejecting a floating rope/line to jam the boat's propeller. A benefit of the invention is that because the counter measures are deployed from the articulated arms (or float unit - see second embodiment), they are positioned well in order to easily engage the attackers.

Each arm can include at least one of the following ancillary systems: a lighting system, which can distribute light outwards away from the protected ship to other marine structures and/or inwards towards the protected ship or structures; camera system; speaker system; a visual display system; and a sonar transceiver. The defence system can include an alarm for detecting when the fence has been impacted by a boat, for example by including one or more velocity switches, and/or when the fence has been severed. Means for passing an electric current through the fence can be provided, and means for detecting the electric current. When no current is detected, this is an indication that the fence has been severed. This provides the crew with a warning that an attack is imminent and to take appropriate action. The countermeasures can also be (by selection) automatically initiated upon recognising a threat is present. For example, the system can include means for detecting a change in the electrical signal passing through the cables, such as changes in voltage and/or current. Detection of changes to the signal can be used to trigger a counter measure, for example, in the event that the cable was touched and not severed.

Optionally, the system can include a non-permeable membrane attached to the fence in order to limit the spread of contaminants, which are leaking from the protected vessel.

In order to protect the vessel against mines, the fence can be deployed a little lower that is required to protect against pirates, for example such that the bottom of the fence is at or a little below the water level.

S-P553504PC_140630 Each of the defensive counter measures and ancillary systems are operable by suitable control systems.

The or each control system for deploying/retracting the fencing system 5, the counter measures and / or ancillary equipment are all operable from the ships control centre. Typically the control systems are also operable from a safe room. Additionally, or alternatively, a portable interface device can be provided which can be plugged into a plurality of different interfacing devices located around the ship. This enables the fencing system, counter measures and ancillary systems to be controlled from a variety of positions around the ship. Optionally, the portable device includes a wireless communications system for interfacing with the ships computer / communications network thereby enabling the fence system, counter measures and ancillary systems to be controllable from any location on the ship.

When the articulated arms 9_{a n}, and hence the fence 5, are in the stored position, the fence 5 is retracted to an upper part of the hull, as shown in Figure 1. When the control system is operated to deploy the fence 5, the fence 5 forms a barrier around the entire ship. A significant proportion of the height of the fence is located above the level of the water. The fence is provided as a barrier to prevent small boats from approaching the ship. Thus there is an exclusion zone around the ship's hull. It is envisaged that should pirates attempt to board the ship, the crew would activate one or more of the counter measures 79 in order to deter the pirates from attacking the fence 5, and or use one of the ancillary systems as appropriate.

A particular strength of the current invention is that the perimeter fence extends around the bow and stern of the ship thus providing a perimeter around substantially the entire ship.

In order to deploy the fence, the control system operates the hydraulic cylinders 25,45,67 to move articulated arms 9_a__n in a substantially synchronised manner. Typically each of the arms 9_a-_n is moved substantially simultaneously. The articulated arms 9_a-_n move the fence 5 from the position shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3 to the position shown in Figures 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8. In this condition, it will be apparent that the fence is effectively supported from above so that the bottom of the fence is held slightly above or at approximately the level of

S-P553504PC_140630 the water. The majority of the fence is located above the water line, which helps to reduce drag when the ship is moving.

Figures 9 and 10 show an alternative storage position wherein the fence 5 is folded between the first and second arm members 15,17. Figures 11 and 12 illustrate how the fence 5 is deployed from that storage position towards full deployment

Figures 13 and 14 illustrate the defence system mounted on a water based platform 80, such as an oil rig, or gas rig. A rig 80 would typically include at least four articulated arms 9, one at each corner and possibly several more depending on the size of the rig 80. It can be seen from Figures 13 and 14 that the preferred way of defending rigs 80 is to provide horizontal wires in a similar way to the bow/stern of the ship (i.e. without interconnecting cables 77) and including a retraction system to enable the effective length of the fence cables 75 sections to be increased as the fencing system is deployed, and decreased when the fence is retracted.

Figures 15 to 20 show a second embodiment of the invention. The second embodiment is mounted on a ship 101 and includes a defence system 103, a fence 105 that extends around the perimeter of the ship. The defence system 103 includes a deployment system 107 for moving the fence 105 from a storage position to a fully deployed position, and vice versa. The deployment system includes three articulated arms 109_a,109_b,109_n mounted towards the bow of the ship, which are similar to the articulated arms 9 in the first embodiment of the invention. The deployment system 107 further includes several (11 shown in Figure 15) winch systems 110_{c m}, which include a winch device and boom arrangement, and which are deployed around the deck 13 in similar locations to the articulated arms 9_c-_m in the first embodiment. The winches can be of any suitable type, for example hydraulic, pneumatic, or electric. Associated with each winch system 110_c__m is a float unit 112_c__m that is arranged to at least partly support the weight of the fence 5 (see Figures 16 to 19). Each float unit 112 _c__m includes a mast 114, a body 116, four hydrofoil wings 118, a rudder 120 and two rollers 122.

The body 116 is substantially cylindrical in shape and includes a conical leading end 124. The main body 116 is buoyant and has a relatively strong structure to withstand the forces applied thereto by the waves. The conical forward end 126 provides a high level of

S-P553504PC_140630 aerodynamic efficiency while out of the water and a high level of hydrodynamic efficiency while in the water. A preferred structure for the main body 116 is to provide a sealed outer shell, of a sufficient size to displace a proportionate amount of water to support all of the systems mounted on the body. Optionally, the outer shell may be filled with a non-porous and highly buoyant foam, or similar material, that enables the fence support structure to remain floating in the event that the main body outer shell in punctured, for example by ballistics or ramming by a boat. The outer shell may be made for example from aluminium, plastics, ABS, resin, fibreglass, carbon fibre or other suitable materials. The body 116 includes a removable panel 126, which provides access to a cavity within the body where various electrical and electronic systems can be located, as required. The removable panel 126 is attached to the body 116 in a sealable manner.

The hydrofoil wings 118 are arranged to the body 116, with two located towards the front and two located towards the rear. Each hydrofoil wing 118 is arranged substantially orthogonally to a longitudinal axis of the body 116. The hydrofoil wings 118 are arranged to lift the body 116 out of the water in proportion to the force of water flowing against them. This reduces the surface area of the float unit 112 that interacts with the water thereby reducing the amount of drag on the float unit. Each float unit 112 may include fluid repelling finishes and hydrophobic materials to enhance their performance. Essentially the aim is to reduce drag thereby improving the efficiency of the overall defence system. Bearing in mind that any increase in drag on the vessel increases the amount of fuel required to complete the journey, which can significantly increase the shipping costs.

The rudder 120 provides a lateral outward force on the float unit 112 in order to move the float unit 112 outwards away from the hull of the protected ship. It will be apparent to the skilled person that as the ship moves forward with the float units 112 deployed, the natural tendency of the water would be to move the float units 112 inwards towards the hull. The inclusion of a rudder 120 in each float unit provides an outward lateral force which overcomes this natural tendency. The rudder 120 can be fixed at a particular angle to provide this force, however it is preferred to provide an adjustable rudder that is adjustable by a control system in order to vary the amount of outward lateral force. This enables the rudder 120 to be oriented at an appropriate angle for the conditions, for example to match

S-P553504PC_140630 the speed of the ship. The rudder 120 can be set to brace the float unit 112, for example when there is a likelihood that a boat will ram the fence 105. The rudder 120 can be controlled remotely from the bridge, for example via a control system that is arranged to control servos, or some other mechanism, for orienting the rudder 120. Another advantage of having a controllable rudder 120 is that the angle of the rudder can be set to provide the minimum force required to achieve the desired deployment position, for the sailing conditions, thereby reducing the amount of drag on the float units 112. The control system can include means for detecting an impact on the fence, such as a velocity switch, which can send a signal to the control centre, which can then adapt the orientation of the rudder 120 to effectively stiffen the fence 105.

Optionally, the body 116 can include a weighted keel in order to improve the stability of the body 116.

The float unit 112 includes a means of communicating with the electronics/electrical systems located on the ship 101, for example with the control systems. This can be achieved for example using a wireless system, which includes an aerial 128. Alternatively, electrical signals can be communicated to the ship 101 via a wire 130. Power can be supplied to the float unit 112 from the ship 101 via the wire 130. Additionally, or alternatively, each float unit 112 can include means for generating electricity locally, such as water driven dynamos, wave motion driven dynamos, wind driven dynamos, wind turbines, water turbines, heat conversion modules and/or solar panels.

Optionally, the float units 112 can be electrically connected together, for example via sections of fence 105, or dedicated wires, in order to provide electricity to a float unit 112 when its own power supply has failed.

The way in which the fence 101 is attached to the float unit 112 is shown in Figures 17 and 18. A cable 132, which is typically steel cable, is connected to a first fixing formation 134, at a rear end 136 of the body 116 on a first float unit 112. The cable 132 is threaded through the first fixing formation 134 (or has a looped fixing). The first fixing formation 134 enables the cable 132 to pivot relative thereto. The cable 132 routes to an adjacent (second) float unit 112 where it is wrapped around a first pulley 138 mounted at the leading conical end 124 of the second float unit 112. The cable 132 routes from the first

S-P553504PC_140630 pulley 138 back to the first float unit 112 to a second pulley 140 mounted on the mast 114 of the first float unit 112. The cable 132 extends from the second pulley 140 back to the second float unit 112 where it wraps around a third pulley 142 mounted on the mast 114. The cable then routes back to the first float unit 112 where it wraps around a fourth pulley 144 attached to the mast 114 and then routes back to the first float unit 112 where it attaches to the mast 114 at a second fixing formation 146. The second fixing formation 146 enables the cable 132 to pivot relative thereto. Thus the cable 132 zig-zags or rasters between the first float unit 112 and the adjacent second float unit 112.

A wire mesh 148 is applied to the cable 132 to provide a more substantial barrier between the first and second float units 112. The wire mesh 148 is arranged to obstruct the path of low speed projectiles, such as rocket propelled grenades, towards the hull. The density of the interlinked chain mail mesh can be selected appropriately. The mesh may be made from a metal, such as steel, carbon fibre, graphene, plastics, reinforced rubbers and silicone. Thus the way in which the fence 105 is mounted to the float units 112 is arranged to enable a degree of flexibility between the fence 105 and the float units 112 to prevent the continual movement of the float units 112 on the surface of the water from breaking the fixings between the cables and the float unit 112, for example due to work hardening and fatigue. Each float unit 112 is connected to its associated winch system 110 via a cable or wire 150 (hereinafter referred to as a cable). The cable 150 includes a shock absorber 152. A fifth pulley 154 is attached to the end of the cable 150. A connecting cable 156 is attached to a third fixing formation 158 located at the conical leading end 124 of the body and to a sixth pulley 160 mounted on the mast 114. The electrical connection wire 130 (when used) is preferably connected to the ship along the cable 150. In order to deploy and retract the floating platforms, the winch systems 110 are operated to deploy/retract cable 150.

The rollers 122 are provided such that as the float unit 112 is removed from the water by its associated winch system 110, the rollers 122 engage the side of the hull and roll across the hull as the float units are winched upwards. This prevents damage to the hull and the float unit 112. The rollers 122 also provide additional buoyancy.

S-P553504PC_140630 Similar to the first embodiment, each float unit 112 can optionally include at least one of the counter-measures included in the first embodiment.

Optionally, each of the float units 112 can include at least one of the ancillary systems that are included in the first embodiment.

Optionally, the second embodiment can include the alarm system that is included in the first embodiment.

Figure 20 shows a float unit 112, in the stowed position. The float unit 112 is located adjacent the hull, close to the deck 113. Optionally, the system can include means for fixing the float units 112 to the ship, for example straps, hooks or a locking mechanism.

The fully deployed position is shown in Figure 15. The sections of fence 105 between the float unit 112_c and the arm 10¾ is similar to the arrangement between arms 10¾ and 109_a as described above. Similarly, the arrangement of the fence 105 between the float unit 112_m and arm 109_n is similar to the fence arrangement between arms 109_a and 109_n. That is, the masts 114 on float unit 112_c and 112_m include retractable wire mechanisms 76 for connecting cables 75 from the float units 112_c,112_m to the respective arms 109_a,109_n. The fence sections 105 between the floating platforms 112_c and 112_d; 112_d and 112_e; 112_e and 112_f; 112_f and 112_g; 112_g and 112_h; 112_h and 11¾; 112i and 11¾; 11¾ and 112_k; 112_k and 112i; and 112i and 112_m are mounted to their respective floating platforms 112 in similar manner to the first and second floating platforms 112 above.

It will be apparent to the skilled person that modifications can be made to the above embodiment that falls within the scope of the invention, for example the fence sections can be connected to the articulated arms by pulleys.

The fence sections can be attached to float units by retractor mechanisms.

Other means for attaching the fence sections to the float units can be used, that allow sufficient flexibility to reduce the possibility of wires/cables failing, for example due to work hardening and /or fatigue caused by the constant movement of the float units.

The countermeasures can be located on any appropriate part of the vessel, however particular advantage is achieved by positioning at least one of the counter measures on at

S-P553504PC_140630 least one of the articulated arms, float units and fence sections, since each counter measure so located is in close proximity to the attackers as they approach the vessel. Preferably a plurality, and more preferably each, of the countermeasures is located on at least one of the articulated arms, float units and fence sections.

S-P553504PC_140630

Claims

1. A vessel including a defence system, said defence system including a fence system having a plurality of fence sections, and deployment means arranged to move the fence system from a storage position to a deployed position, wherein in the deployed position each fence section is positioned entirely above the level of the water, or positioned such that the lower end thereof extends into the water by a minimal amount, and, in the deployed condition, the plurality of fence sections form a fence that extends around the full perimeter of the vessel to prevent an attacker from gaining access to the vessel by boat.

2. A vessel according to claim 1, wherein the storage position is located on the vessel.

3. A vessel according to claim 2, wherein the vessel includes at least one of a hull, support leg and a deck, and the storage position for the fence system is at least one of: alongside the hull at a height above water level, alongside the support leg at a height above water level, and on the deck.

4. A vessel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each fence section is deployed such that at least at least 90%, and preferably at least 95%, of the height of the fence section is located above the mean water level.

5. A vessel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the deployment means includes a plurality of deployment units for deploying the fence system.

6. A vessel according to claim 5, including at least one deployment unit, and preferably a plurality of deployment units, located towards at least one of a bow, stern, and corner of the vessel.

7. A vessel according to claim 5 or 6, wherein at least one of the deployment units includes an articulated arm, which is arranged to move its respective fence section from the storage position to the fully deployed position.

8. A vessel according to claim 7, wherein the or each articulated arm includes a base and a first arm member pivotally attached to the base.

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9. A vessel according to claim 8, wherein the or each articulated arm includes a second arm member pivotally attached to the first arm member.

10. A vessel according to claim 9, wherein the or each articulated arm includes a third arm member pivotally attached to the second arm member.

11. A vessel according to any one of claims 7 to 10, including a drive system for operably moving at least one of the articulated arms.

12. A vessel according to claim 11, wherein the or each articulated arm includes at least one linear drive, and preferably a plurality of linear drives, for operably moving the articulated arm.

13. A vessel according to any one of claims 7 to 12, wherein at least part of the respective fence section is mounted on the articulated arm.

14. A vessel according to claim 13 when dependent on claim 10, wherein the fence section is attached to the third arm member.

15. A vessel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the fence system includes at least one float unit that is deployable from the storage position into the water in order to at least partially support the weight of the fence.

16. A vessel according to claim 15, when dependent on claim 5, wherein at least one of the deployment units includes means for moving the float unit from the storage position to the water.

17. A vessel according to claim 16, wherein the deployment unit includes a winch system that is arranged to move the float unit from the storage position to the water.

18. A vessel according to any one of claims 15 to 17, wherein the or each float unit includes at least one buoyant body.

19. A vessel according to any one of claims 15 to 18, wherein the or each float unit includes at least one, and preferably a plurality, of hydrofoil wing(s).

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20. A vessel according to any one of claims 15 to 19, wherein the or each float unit includes a mast.

21. A vessel according to any one of claims 15 to 20, including at least one roller for engaging a side wall of the vessel when the float unit is moved from the storage position to the deployed position.

22. A vessel according to any one of claims 15 to 21, wherein the float unit includes means for communicating with the vessel.

23. A vessel according to any one of claims 15 to 22, wherein the float unit includes a rudder.

24. A vessel according to claim 23, wherein the orientation of the rudder is adjustable.

25. A vessel according to claim 24, including a control system for controlling the orientation of the rudder.

26. A vessel according to any one of claims 15 to 25, wherein the or each float unit includes its own power source and/or power generator means.

27. A vessel according to any one of claims 15 to 26, including a plurality of float units, wherein at least one pair of float units are electrically connected together.

28. A vessel according to any one of claims 15 to 27, including means for jettisoning the or each float unit.

29. A vessel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each fence section includes at least one flexible fencing member.

30. A vessel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the fence sections includes a mesh like structure.

31. A vessel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the length of at least one fence section is adjustable.

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32. A vessel according to claim 31, wherein the fence system is arranged such that at least one of the fence sections automatically adjusts its length when moving from the storage position to the fully deployed position.

33. A vessel according to claim 31 or 32, wherein at least one of the fence sections includes a retractor system, said retractor system including at least one retractor unit, wherein the or each retractor unit is arranged to dispense and/or retract at least one flexible fencing member.

34. A vessel according to claim 33, wherein the or each retractor unit includes resilient means, such as a spring, for biasing the or each flexible fencing member in the retraction direction.

35. A vessel according to claim 34, wherein the retractor system includes a locking system for locking the position of the or each flexible fence member.

36. A vessel according to claim 35, wherein each retractor unit includes a locking mechanism for locking the position of its flexible member(s).

37. A vessel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the fence section is connected to its associated float unit and/or the articulated arm via at least one pulley, and preferably a plurality of pulleys.

38. A vessel according to claim 37 when dependent on claim 20, wherein at least one of the pulleys is mounted on the mast.

39. A vessel according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the length of at least one fence section is substantially fixed.

40. A vessel according to any one of the preceding claims, including a control system for controlling operation of the deployment means.

41. A vessel according to claim 40 when dependent on claim 5, wherein the control system is arranged to synchronise operation of the deployment units to deploy and/or retract the fence system.

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42. A vessel according to claim 41, wherein the control system is arranged to operate each of the deployment units substantially simultaneously.

43. A vessel according to any one of claims 40 to 42, wherein the control system includes a portable control device that is movable around the vessel, and a user is able to control operation of the deployment means from the portable control device.

44. A vessel according to claim 43, wherein the portable control device includes a wireless communications system, such as a Wi-Fi system, for communicating with a communications network on the vessel.

45. A vessel according to any one of the preceding claims, including an anti-climb device mounted on at least one of the deployment units.

46. A vessel according to any one of the preceding claims, including means for electrifying at least part of the fence system.

47. A vessel according to any one of the preceding claims, including an alarm system.

48. A vessel according to any one of the preceding claims, including at least one of the following counter measure devices: a spray unit arranged to spray an incapacitating and/or aggravating agent such as a chilli pepper, pepper, acids, alkalines, chemical agents, nerve agents, hallucinogenic agents, sleep inducing agents, staining agents, metallic filings, ball bearings, fragments of metal, glass and/or other solid sharp objects, flammable substances, explosives, water, high pressure water or high pressure gas; a visually impairing device such as a smoke system, structures to reflect the sun's energy towards the attackers, laser technology, pressurised emission of micronized powder, and a system which enables sea water to be rapidly condensed thereby providing a supply of dense fog; and a unit for ejecting a floating rope to jam a boat's propeller.

49. A vessel according to any one of the preceding claims, including at least one of the following ancillary systems: a lighting system, which can distribute light outwards away from the protected ship or structures to other marine structures and/or inwards

S-P553504PC_140630 towards the protected ship or structures; camera system; speaker system; a visual display system; and a sonar transceiver.

50. A vessel according to claim 1, wherein the deployment means includes first and second articulated arms, wherein each of the first and second articulated arms includes a base, a first arm section pivotally attached to the base, a second arm section pivotally attached to the first arm section, and a third arm section pivotally attached to the second arm section, wherein the fence section is attached to the third arm section of each of the first and second articulated arms, and the deployment means is arranged to move the fence section from a storage position to a deployed position.

S-P553504PC_140630