WO2014095921A2

WO2014095921A2 - Lighting device

Info

Publication number: WO2014095921A2
Application number: PCT/EP2013/076974
Authority: WO
Inventors: Peter Brick; Thorsten Kunz
Original assignee: Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh
Priority date: 2012-12-20
Filing date: 2013-12-17
Publication date: 2014-06-26
Also published as: DE102012112763A1; WO2014095921A3

Abstract

A lighting device (100) is specified, comprising - a housing (1) having a light exit surface (2), - a light-emitting semiconductor component (10), and - an optical waveguide (20) having a first end face (21), a second end face (22) situated opposite the first end face (21), and a lateral surface (23) connecting the first and second end faces (21, 22), wherein the first and/or the second end face (21, 22) are/is embodied at least in places as a light entrance surface (24), - the light-emitting semiconductor component (10) and the optical waveguide (20) are arranged within the housing (1), - the light-emitting semiconductor component (10) during operation emits light (5) which largely enters into the optical waveguide (20) through the light entrance surface (24) of the optical waveguide (20), - the light (5) in the optical waveguide (20) at least partly emerges through the lateral surface (23) of the optical waveguide (20), and - the light (5) that has emerged through the lateral surface (23) leaves the housing (1) through the light exit surface (2) of the housing (1).

Description

description

Lighting device A lighting device is indicated.

The document US 2008/0111471 describes a

Lighting device. An object to be solved is to provide a lighting device, for example, as a particularly efficient

Backlight unit of LCDs (Liquid Crystal Displays) can be used. In particular, an object to be solved is to provide a lighting device in which the number of light sources compared to conventional

Lighting devices is reduced.

According to at least one embodiment of the lighting device, this comprises a housing with a light exit surface. The housing includes, for example, a recess. The

Recess may be formed trough-shaped and / or trough-shaped. The housing may include a cover. The cover may be at least partially radiation-transmissive. This part of the cover can then be the

Form light exit surface. The cover can be the

Cover the recess completely. The housing may be formed in the manner of a light box, wherein the recess covering or closing surface as

Radiation exit surface may be formed. Furthermore, the housing may have further side surfaces, which may be transparent or opaque. The

Radiation exit surface and the other side surfaces can be a volume partially, but especially completely enclose. This closed volume, which

box-shaped, then forms, for example, the

Recess of the housing. In the recess of the housing further components, components and / or elements may be present. These are arranged in the recess and are mechanically stable supported by the housing. In particular, the components may be suitable for generating and / or for conducting light. The housing can therefore be self-supporting. The components are not integral

Components of the housing. The components can

especially in separate manufacturing processes.

In particular, a large part of the light produced in the housing can emerge from the light exit surface. Under

"Large part" is understood in the present context that at least 70%, preferably more than 80%, particularly preferably more than 90% of the light generated leaves the housing through the light exit surface, exits and / or is scattered.

According to at least one embodiment of the lighting device, this comprises a light-emitting semiconductor component.

The light-emitting semiconductor component may be a light-emitting semiconductor chip.

By way of example, the semiconductor chip is a luminescence diode chip. The luminescence diode chip may be a light-emitting diode chip or a light-emitting diode chip

Act laser diode chip. The light-emitting

Semiconductor device generates, for example, light in visible area. In particular, by the

light emitting semiconductor device generates white light.

According to at least one embodiment of the lighting device, this comprises a light guide having a first end face, a second one opposite the first end face

End face and one the first and second end face

connecting lateral surface. The light guide comprises a

radiation-transmissive, transparent and / or translucent material or is formed from one of these materials.

Suitable radiation-transmissive and photoconductive

Materials include glass, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) or polycarbonate (PC). In particular, the light guide may be a

Act full body, for example, from a single

Material is made. Furthermore, the light guide is preferably formed in one piece. The light guide is therefore preferably a coherent body and has, for example, no interruptions or seams. The light guide may have a single, homogeneous material phase.

The first and the second end face of the light guide can in particular have the same geometric shape.

For example, the first and the second end face may be circular. By the lateral surface, which connects the first and the second end face, results, for example, a cylindrical or

rod-shaped light guide.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, the first and the second end face of the light guide run parallel to one another. The lateral surface extends along a Main extension direction. The main direction of extension describes the direction of the greatest lateral extent of the light guide and runs parallel to a possibly existing symmetry axis or longitudinal axis of the light guide.

According to at least one embodiment, the first and / or the second end face is at least in places as

Light entrance surface formed. Is at the first and / or the second end face of the light guide a

Assigned light-emitting semiconductor device, so it acts in particular as a light entrance surface. If a light-emitting semiconductor component is arranged only on the first end face of the light guide, the latter comprises

Light guide only one light entrance surface. If, however, light-emitting semiconductor components are respectively arranged on the first and second end face of the light guide, then the light guide has two light entry surfaces. Of the

Optical fiber is particularly suitable for guiding a light beam, wherein the light guide, in particular after coupling through the light entry surface of the light guide, by means of total reflection or by means of normal reflection can be done.

According to at least one embodiment of the lighting device, the light-emitting semiconductor component and the

Optical fiber disposed within the housing. That is, the light-emitting semiconductor device and the light guide are located in the recess of the housing.

For example, the light-emitting

Semiconductor component and the light guide at least

Fixed in places within the housing.

In particular, the light-emitting

Semiconductor component and / or the light guide completely in the recess of the housing, so that, for example, no parts of the light guide and / or the light-emitting semiconductor device from or over the recess of the

Protrude housing.

The arrangement of the light-emitting semiconductor component with respect to the light guide is predetermined by the light entry surfaces of the light guide. That is, the runs

Light entry surface of the light guide parallel to a

Surface of the housing, so the light-emitting

Semiconductor component between this surface of the housing and the light entry surface of the light guide to be arranged. The radiation exit surface of the light-emitting

Semiconductor device may be arranged, for example, parallel to the light entry surface of the light guide.

In accordance with at least one embodiment of the lighting device, the light-emitting semiconductor component emits light during operation, which for the most part enters the light guide through the light entry surface of the light guide. By "majority" is meant in the present context that at least 80%, preferably more than 90%, more preferably more than 95% of the light generated during operation by the

Light entry surface enters the light guide.

In accordance with at least one embodiment of the lighting device, the light in the optical waveguide emerges at least partially through the lateral surface of the optical waveguide. That means that the

Optical fiber at least in places has light-conducting, light-scattering and light-directing properties. In other words, the lateral surface of the optical waveguide acts at least in places as a radiation exit surface of the optical waveguide. The light guide can scatter the light For example, include additional light-scattering and / or light-directing elements.

By a specific design of the light guide with reflective, diffuse scattering and light-directing

A particular homogeneous illumination of the light exit surface is achieved areas. In other words, by using a minimum number of light sources - such as LEDs - a maximum illumination of the

Light exit surface can be controlled and achieved by the use of the light guide described herein.

In accordance with at least one embodiment of the lighting device, the light which has passed through the lateral surface leaves the housing through the light exit surface of the housing. The

Housing is illuminated by the light which exits through the lateral surface, and illuminates the

Light exit surface of the housing in the manner of a

Backlight unit of a display device such as an LCD (liquid crystal displays).

According to at least one embodiment of the lighting device, this comprises a housing having a light exit surface, a light-emitting semiconductor component and a light guide having a first end face, a second end face opposite the first end face, and a lateral face connecting the first and second end faces, wherein the first and / or the second End face is formed as a light entry surface. The semiconductor light-emitting device and the light guide are disposed inside the housing.

During operation, the light-emitting semiconductor component emits light which for the most part enters the light guide through the light entry surface of the light guide. The light in the Optical fiber exits at least partially through the lateral surface of the light guide and that through the lateral surface

leaked light leaves the case through the

Light exit surface of the housing.

For the backlighting of display devices such as LCDs, for example, a plurality of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are required. To a spatially good homogeneity with respect to the luminance of the illuminated

Obtain light exit surface are a plurality of

LEDs are formed homogeneously distributed over edges or surfaces within the unit to be illuminated. A reduction in the number of LEDs leads to strong inhomogeneities in terms of luminance. For example, the light exit surface has no or only poorly illuminated areas.

Among other things, the lighting device described here makes use of the idea by using a few LEDs and light guides that pass through the light entry surface of the light source

Diffuse light entering the light guide within the housing maximum diffuse and / or to direct. Based on the diffuse scattering and / or steering of the light by means of the

modified light guide, the light exit surface of the housing is evenly illuminated. To the homogeneous

Illumination of the light exit surface of the housing too

can thus reach a minimum number of

recourse to light-emitting semiconductor components and optical fibers. According to at least one embodiment of the lighting device, the lateral surface of the light guide comprises at least

In places, a scattering element and the scattering element diffuses diffuse and / or directs the light incident on it before the Exit into the housing. By "scattering element" is meant in the present context, for example, structural

Elements, surface structuring and / or

Coatings that are specifically arranged on or in the light guide. For example, prisms may be formed at least in places on the lateral surface.

The scattering element may also be in the form of pores and / or

Be formed scattered particles. Preferably, the

Scattering particles then a different refractive index than the material of the light guide. The scattering particles can for

Example alumina, silica or titania

exhibit. The scattering particles or pores have a maximum or average extension of at least 100 nm, for example ^ 200 nm or> 300 nm. Alternatively, the maximum or mean dimension of the scattering particles -S 5 ym or <2 ym or -S 1 ym.

The scattering elements are distributed in particular on the lateral surface of the light guide in such a way that the light incident on the scattering elements is at least partially diffused and / or deflected. The scattering elements can in particular reduce the total reflection of the light at an interface between the light guide and the surrounding medium by refraction or scattering, the light being diffused, coupled out and / or directed by means of the scattering elements. The scattering elements are on the lateral surface of the

Distributed light guide, that the light-conducting functions of the light guide and the diffusely scattering and / or directing functions of the scattering elements can be combined. For example, structural configurations of the optical waveguide can be combined with the diffusing elements of the optical waveguide. For example, areas are of the light guide in the region of the light entry surface

equipped with reflective elements equipped so that the light is first guided and / or conducted, whereas the scattering elements may be formed in a direction opposite to the light entry surface in a greater number.

In accordance with at least one embodiment of the lighting device, the light guide has an elliptical cross-sectional shape at least in places. In particular, the light guide is designed as an elliptical cross-sectional shape. The elliptical cross-sectional shape can according to the Fermatschen principle

be derived. The Fermat principle in particular describes an ellipse with radius of curvature and conical constant. The elliptical cross-sectional shape can be defined by a radius of curvature R = -d * n (n-1) / n and a conical radius

Constant k = -l / n ^ or by a long semiaxis

b = d * (n / (n + 1) and a short half-axis

a = d * ((n-1) / (n + 1)). Here, d is defined as the scaling parameter and n as the refractive index of the material. The elliptical cross-sectional shape of the light guide further has two focal points. With this

special cross-sectional shape of the light guide acts in a direction perpendicular to the main extension direction as

perfect collimator.

In accordance with at least one embodiment of the lighting device, the scattering element is at least in places in one

Focus of the elliptical cross-sectional shape arranged. This means that the scattering element is formed in the region of the at least one focal point of the elliptical cross-sectional shape. For example, the scattering center is around the focal point by a value that is ± 10% of the scale parameter arranged. That is, at least a part of the scattering element is then in this area. In particular, the scattering element can be arranged within a circular area around the focal point with a circle radius of at most 100 μm, for example 50 50 μm or ≦ 1 μm. Alternatively, the

Circular radius at most 10% or at most 1% or at most 0.1% of the dimension or length of the short half-axis a or the long half-axis b amount. Outside this circular area around the focal point, the light guide is preferably free of the scattering element, that is, that no part of the

Spreading elements outside this circular area is located. The

Circular surface defines, for example, the cross-sectional shape of an imaginary tube which extends along the entire light guide and within the light guide

extends, wherein a longitudinal axis of the tube, for example, parallel to the main extension direction of the optical fiber. The scattering element can be within the entire

Hose be arranged, for example, be homogeneously distributed. Alternatively, the spreader is only partially applied in the hose, for example, the spreader is only in places along the longitudinal axis of the hose

appropriate. Furthermore, it is conceivable that in each case a scattering center is arranged in the region of the two focal points of the elliptical cross-sectional shape. The incident on the scattering centers light is coupled out in opposite directions through the lateral surface of the light guide, diffused scattered and / or steered. In other words, in the embodiment described here, the scattering elements are located within the light guide.

According to at least one embodiment of the lighting device, the light occurs for the most part, for example at least 80% or 90% or 95%, transversely to the main axis of extension of Fiber optic in the housing. Under

"Main extension axis" is understood in the present

Connect an axis that is in the direction of the largest

Extension of the light guide is aligned. The light which impinges on the scattering element in the region of the focal point, in particular perpendicular or transversely to the

Main extension axis of the light guide scattered. In other words, the light enters the side of the

Main extension direction of the optical fiber. The laterally emerging light illuminates the light exit surface of the

Housing homogeneous.

In accordance with at least one embodiment of the lighting device, at least two light guides extend transversely within the light source

Housing and are at least in places on top of each other

arranged. With "transverse" one understands in the present

Connection that a longitudinal axis of the light guide with the surfaces of the housing does not form a right angle.

For example, the optical fibers extend diagonally within the housing and are arranged parallel to the light exit surface. The light-emitting semiconductor components are correspondingly arranged on the light entry surfaces of the light guide. The second light guide also runs

diagonally inside the case, being the two

Do not overlap the light guide. In other words, the housing or the recess in particular rectangular

be formed, wherein at least one optical fiber can extend from a corner of the housing or the recess to a diagonally opposite corner.

In accordance with at least one embodiment of the lighting device, four light guides are arranged within the housing. If the housing is rectangular, for example, forms the housing has four corner areas. In each of these corner regions, a light-emitting semiconductor component with a light guide is then arranged, wherein the four light guides for

Aligned center of the light exit surface and

spaced apart from each other.

According to at least embodiment of the lighting device, the housing comprises an at least partially reflective

Bottom surface, which is arranged opposite to the light exit surface of the housing, and the bottom surface with the light exit surface is at least partially connected at least partially over at least locally reflective side surfaces of the housing. The

Light exit surface can be on the reflective

Side surfaces rest or with the reflective

Make flush the side surfaces of the housing.

In other words, the housing described here is designed in the manner of a reflective light box, which has a light exit surface. The light exit surface and the bottom surface each describe an area of the largest lateral extent of the housing, wherein the

Light entrance surface and the bottom surface at least

run in places parallel to the main axis of extension of the light guide. The side surfaces are to the

Bottom surface and / or light entry surface of the housing arranged transversely.

The bottom surface and the side surfaces may in particular be coated or sprayed with a reflective material. Further, the reflective bottom surface and the reflective side surface may include a reflective layer. The reflective floor surface and the reflective side surfaces can each other

different in terms of their reflective

Properties be formed. That means that the

Floor surface in addition to reflective properties may also have diffuse scattering properties.

In accordance with at least one embodiment of the lighting device, a first light-emitting semiconductor component and a second light-emitting semiconductor component are arranged at a distance from the side surfaces of the housing.

For example, the first and the second

light-emitting semiconductor device to the side surfaces of the housing at an equal distance. During operation, the first and second light-emitting semiconductor components emit light into the associated light entry surface of the light source

Fiber optic.

According to at least one embodiment of the lighting device, the light emitted in operation of the first

a light-emitting semiconductor device for

radiated light of the second light-emitting

Semiconductor device opposite direction. That is, the radiated light of the first and second semiconductor light emitting devices is not

can overlap. Between the side surface, which faces the first light-emitting semiconductor component, and the first light-emitting semiconductor component, an optical waveguide can be arranged. Between the second

light-emitting semiconductor device and the correspondingly facing further side surface of the housing, a further optical fiber may be arranged. In this

Embodiment extend the main axes of extension of the light guides, which the first and second light-emitting Semiconductor device are assigned, parallel to each other and / or are congruent.

According to at least one embodiment of the lighting device are a third and fourth light-emitting

Semiconductor device transversely to the first and second

arranged light-emitting semiconductor devices and the radiated in operation light of the third light-emitting semiconductor device has a radiated light of the fourth light-emitting semiconductor device

opposite direction. In other words, the third and fourth semiconductor light-emitting devices emit light in a direction perpendicular to the radiation direction of the operation-radiated light of the first and second

light emitting semiconductor devices from. The radiated light of the third light-emitting semiconductor device radiates in the direction of the side surface of the side facing it

Housing. Between the third light-emitting

Semiconductor component and its side facing the surface of the housing may be arranged a light guide. The same applies to the fourth light-emitting semiconductor component. In other words, is described by the here described

Embodiment described by the arrangement of the light guide a right-angled cross, which comprises four light guides.

In accordance with at least one embodiment of the lighting device, two light-emitting semiconductor components are arranged on two opposite end faces of the light guide. This means that the first and the second end face are formed as light entry surfaces of the light guide.

For example, the two light-emitting radiate

Semiconductor devices at the same time in the two on opposite light entry surfaces. By the arrangement described here of the two light-emitting

Semiconductor devices can be achieved in addition to the homogeneous luminance a higher brightness. By way of example, the two light-emitting semiconductor components are arranged on two opposite side surfaces of the light guide, wherein the light guide is at least locally adjacent between the two light-emitting semiconductor components. According to at least one embodiment of the lighting device, during operation of the lighting device, the

Light exit surface of the housing to a luminance and a fluctuation of the luminance relative to the average value of the luminance over the entire light exit surface of the

Housing is less than 15% of the mean. In other words, the light exit surface is so homogeneous

illuminated that fluctuations in terms of

Luminance can not be detected by the human eye. The relatively small variation in luminance can be particularly due to a homogeneous

Illumination of the housing by the diffusely scattering

and / or directing optical fibers are returned.

In accordance with at least one embodiment of the lighting device, the light guide is rotatably arranged along its longitudinal axis within the housing. For homogeneous illumination of the light exit surface of the housing can in particular a

Turn the light guide around its longitudinal axis. By turning the homogeneous illumination of the

Light emission surface of the housing sustainably controlled, controlled and / or readjusted. According to at least one embodiment of the lighting device, a reflector is at least in places between the

arranged light-emitting semiconductor device and the light guide and the reflector conducts this in operation

radiated light of the light-emitting

Semiconductor device at least partially in the light guide. The incident light on the reflector is passed directly into the adjacent light guide. This means that no gap is formed between the reflector and the light guide. For example, through the reflector the

be arranged with respect to its radiation exit surface perpendicular or transverse to the light entry surface of the light guide light emitting semiconductor device. Furthermore, a reflection loss at the light entry surface of the light guide can be reduced by the reflector.

In accordance with at least one embodiment of the lighting device, the light-emitting semiconductor component is arranged between two optical waveguides and the optical waveguides are connected to one another by means of the reflector. It means that

For example, the light-emitting semiconductor device is arranged to the side surfaces of the housing by means of the two optical fibers spaced and the light-emitting semiconductor device is in the reflector, wherein the reflector connects the two optical fibers together.

In accordance with at least one embodiment of the lighting device, the optical waveguide tapers in a direction which is remote from the light entry surface. In other words, the extension of the light guide transversely to his

Main axis of extension in the direction of him facing

Side surfaces of the housing from. In the following, the lighting device described here will be explained in more detail by means of exemplary embodiments and the associated figures. FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of FIG

Lighting device from two perspectives and a schematic representation of an elliptical cross-sectional shape of a light guide described here,

FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a third one

Perspective of the lighting device,

Figure 3 shows a schematic representation as in Figure 2 supplemented by a schematically illustrated

Ray path of a light,

FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of a lighting device described here in comparison with a lighting device with a single device

plate-shaped optical fiber,

FIG. 5 shows schematic geometrical others

Cross-sectional shapes of the light guide described here,

Figures 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 show schematic representations of different embodiments of the

Lighting device

FIG. 11 shows a schematic representation of a

Sreuelementes on the lateral surface of the

Light guide, - IS

FIG. 12 shows a schematic representation of one around his

Longitudinal axis rotatable light guide with a

Scattering element,

FIG. 13 shows a schematic representation of an arrangement of a plurality of scattering elements on the lateral surface of a light guide,

FIG. 14 shows an exemplary embodiment of a light guide with an elliptical cross-sectional shape,

FIG. 15 shows a lighting device described here

Surface modifications on the lateral surface of the light guide,

FIG. 16 shows a further schematic illustration of a lighting device described here and FIG

FIG. 17 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a lighting device described here.

The same, similar or equivalent elements are provided in the figures with the same reference numerals. The figures and the proportions of the elements shown in the figures with each other are not as

to scale. Rather, individual elements for better presentation and / or for better

Comprehensibility must be exaggerated.

FIG. 1 shows a lighting device 100 described here. The lighting device 100 is shown from the XY perspective as well as the XZ perspective. Z

describes the coordinate that runs parallel to the Main extension axis R of a light guide 20 extends. The main extension axis R describes the direction of the greatest lateral extent of the light guide 20. The lighting device 100 described in FIG. 1 comprises three light guides 20 and three light-emitting

Semiconductor Devices 10. The housing 1 comprises a

reflective floor surface 3 leading to a

Light exit surface 2 of the housing 1 is arranged opposite. The reflective bottom surface 3 is connected to the light exit surface 2 via reflective side surfaces 4 of the housing 1. The light-emitting

Semiconductor components 10 are each assigned to the end faces 21 of the light guides 20, wherein the light-emitting semiconductor components 10 are arranged on the side surface 4 of the housing 1. The three light guides 20 are to all

Spaces 2, 3, 4 spaced within the housing 1

arranged and evenly distributed. The three light-emitting semiconductor components 10 are arranged at a distance from the light guides 20 and adjoin together one of the side surfaces 4 of the housing 1, wherein each of the light-emitting semiconductor components 10 is assigned to exactly one of the three light guides 20. That is, the light-emitting semiconductor devices 10 are not in direct contact with the optical fibers 20. In the figure 1 is a coupling of the light 5 generated in operation in the end face 21 and

Light entrance surface 24 through each one of the three

light emitting devices 10 shown. In other words, no light is radiated through the light-emitting semiconductor components 10 and / or coupled in through the opposite end face 22. That is, in the figure 1 the first end face 21 is formed as a light entry surface 24 of the light guide 20. The each other

opposite end faces 21, 22 are over a

Jacket surface 23 of the light guide 20 connected to each other. That in operation by the light-emitting

Semiconductor devices 10 generated light is largely radiated into the light guide 20.

The three light guides 20 shown in Figure 1 have, as shown in the XY perspective, an elliptical

Cross-sectional shape 30, wherein at least one scattering element 6 in the region of the focal point 31 of the elliptical

Cross-sectional shape 30 is formed. The light 5, which strikes the focal point 6, is for the most part diffused by the lateral surface 23 of the light guide 20 diffused and / or directed. For further explanation regarding the

elliptical cross-sectional shape 30 of the light guide 20 is referenced to FIG. The illustrated in the figure 1

Lighting device is suitable based on particular of the three light guide 20, the housing, which is designed in the manner of a reflective light box to fully illuminate. As a result, the light exit surface 2 has a luminance, wherein a fluctuation of the luminance relative to the mean value of the luminance over the entire light exit surface 2 of the housing 1 is less than 15% of the mean value.

The lighting device described in FIG. 1 illuminates the housing 1 homogeneously, in particular by using the scattering elements 6 and the elliptical cross-sectional shape 30 of the light guides 20. The light 5 diffusely scattered and / or directed by the light guides 20 makes direct and / or indirect contact

directly on the light exit surface 2 of the housing. 1 In other words, if the light 5 of the optical waveguide 20 does not strike the light exit surface 2 of the housing 1 directly, then the diffusely scattered and / or guided light 5 at the

reflective trained bottom surface 3 and / or

reflective formed side surface 4 of the housing 1 in the direction of the light exit surface 2 reflected.

The light exit surface 2 of the described in Figure 1

Lighting device 100 is thus homogeneously illuminated. In other words, the light exit surface 2 of the housing 1 in operation on a luminance, the fluctuation relative to the average value of the luminance over the entire

Light exit surface 2 of the housing 1 is less than 15% of the average value. In particular, the light exit surface 2 has no dark spots 40. The luminance differences occurring in particular are not detectable by the human eye.

FIG. 2 essentially shows the lighting device 100 described in FIG. 1, with the difference that the lighting device 100 is additionally shown in a YZ perspective. As in the YZ perspective of

Luminous device 100 shown, are the

light emitting semiconductor devices 10 at the

Side surface 4 of the housing arranged, wherein the

light-emitting semiconductor device 10 of the end face 21 or light inlet surface 24 of the light guide 20 is assigned. The light guide 20 is arranged at a distance from the side surfaces 4 of the light exit surface 2 and the bottom surface 3 of the housing 1. The light exit surface 2 and the bottom surface 3 each describe a surface of the largest lateral extent of the housing 1, wherein the

Light exit surface 2 and the bottom surface 3 at least extend in places parallel to the main extension axis R of the light guide 20. The side surfaces 4 are perpendicular to the bottom surface 3 and / or light inlet surface 4 of the housing and / or arranged transversely.

In FIG. 3, one is as described in FIG

Lighting device 100 is shown. With the difference that a beam path of a light 5 is shown within the lighting device 100 in an XY and a YZ perspective. From the YZ perspective, it can be seen that the light is first guided in the light guide 20. When impinging on a scattering element 6, the light 5 is influenced in such a way with respect to the original beam path that the light 5 is diffused scattered by the outer surface 23 of the light guide 20, coupled and / or directed, the light 5 on the reflective bottom surface 3 of the

Housing 1 and is reflected in the direction of the light exit surface 2 of the housing 1 and through the

Light exit surface 2 leaves the housing 1.

In Figure 4 is a as described in Figure 1

Luminous device 100 shown, with the difference that in addition an arrangement of a plate-shaped light guide 20 with in this plate-shaped light guide 20 einkoppelnden three light-emitting

Semiconductor devices 10 is shown. FIG. 4 shows that when the plate-shaped light guide 20 is used, an inhomogeneous light guide takes place inside the plate-shaped light guide 20. This can lead in particular to dark spots 40, which are inhomogeneous

Lighting the light exit surface 2 lead. Thus, a homogeneous illumination of the housing 1 or a lighting of the light exit surface 2 is not possible. In FIG. 5, one is substantially the same

Lighting device 100 as shown in Figure 1, with the difference that the light guides 20 different

have geometric cross-sectional shapes. In particular, the light guides 20 may be round, square or cross-shaped. In the YZ perspective, a lighting device 100 as described in Figure 1 is shown, wherein the

Light exit surface 2 a diffuser 50 is arranged downstream. The diffuser 50 completely covers the light exit surface 2 of the housing 1 and is toward the light exit surface 2

spaced apart. That is, the diffuser 50 is not in direct contact with the light exit surface 2. The diffuser 50 is an optional one

Component of the light device 100. The diffuser 50 can in particular diffuse the light emerging from the light exit surface 2 again diffusely, so that an additional

Scattering of the light in a direction away from the light exit surface 2 direction can take place. FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of FIG

Lighting device 100 shown from the XZ perspective, wherein four optical fibers 20 extend transversely within the housing 1 and at least in places are arranged one above the other. The light guides 20 described in FIG. 6 each have an end face 22 facing away from the light entry face 24 in the direction of a center point of the bottom face 3

or light exit surface 2 of the housing 1 and extend parallel to the bottom surface 3 and

Light exit surface 2. The four light guides 20 are arranged such that they do not overlap. That is, the four optical fibers 20 at least

overlay in places and not in direct contact

to stand by each other. The light-emitting Semiconductor components 10 are each arranged in the corner regions of the housing 1 and are parallel to the first

End face 21 or light entry surface of the

Optical fiber 20 is arranged.

FIG. 7 shows a schematic representation of a lighting device 100 described here. FIG. 7 shows six light-emitting semiconductor components 10, two light-emitting ones in each case

Semiconductor devices 10 radiate the generated in operation light 5 in the opposite direction. In other words, the respective radiation exit surfaces 11 of the two

light-emitting semiconductor devices 10 facing away from each other. In FIG. 7, it is shown that a first light-emitting semiconductor component 10 and a second light-emitting semiconductor component 10 belong to the

Side surfaces 4 of the housing 1 are arranged at a distance and the radiated during operation light 5 of the first

light emitting device 10 has a direction opposite to the radiated light 5 of the second light emitting semiconductor device 10 direction. The six

Light-emitting semiconductor devices 10 each have the same distance to the side surfaces 4 of the housing 1.

Furthermore, a further XY perspective of the lighting device 100 is shown in FIG. 7, wherein the light guide 20 tapers in a direction which is remote from the light entry surface 24. X describes the one

Coordinate which runs parallel to the main extension axis R of the light guide 20. In other words, that takes

Extension of the optical fiber 20 transversely to the

Main extension axis R in the direction of facing it Side surface 4 of the housing 1 from. Further, as shown in FIG. 5, an optional diffuser 50 may be shown in FIG

Be light emitting surface 2 of the housing 1 downstream. In Figure 8 is another embodiment of

Lighting device 100 is shown. In FIG. 8, the XZ perspective of the light-emitting device 100 shows a third and fourth light-emitting semiconductor component 10, each perpendicular to the main extension axis R of the two

Optical fiber 20 with the respective first and second

light emitting semiconductor devices 10 are arranged from the figure 7. The light 5 emitted during operation of the third light-emitting semiconductor component 10 has a direction opposite to the radiated light 5 of the fourth light-emitting semiconductor component 10. In other words, the arranged in the figure 8

Light guide 20 in the manner of a right-angled cross

arranged within the housing 1, wherein X and Z respectively describe that coordinate which is parallel to

Main extension axis R of the light guide 20 run.

In FIG. 9, one is as described in FIG

Lighting device 100 shown, with the difference that the light-emitting semiconductor device 10 in a

Reflector 7 is located and / or arranged, wherein the

Radiation exit surface 11 of the light-emitting

Semiconductor device 10 is arranged perpendicular to the first end face 21 and light inlet surface 24 of the light guide 20. That is, the light-emitting

Semiconductor device 10 is disposed between two optical fibers 20 and the two optical fibers 20 by means of

Reflectors 7 are connected to each other. The reflector 7 forwards the light 5 of the light-emitting semiconductor component 10 emitted during operation into the two light guides 20. The reflector 7 may be formed at least partially of the same material as the light guide 20. For example, the reflector 7 comprises glass, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) or polycarbonate (PC). As a result, reflection losses at an interface between reflector 7 and light guide 20 can be reduced. FIG. 10 shows a further exemplary embodiment of the light device 100, with one each

Reflector 7 is arranged on the first end face 21 and the second end face 22 of the light guide 20. Furthermore, the reflectors on the end faces 21, 22

or light entry surfaces 24 adjacent. In the reflectors 7, the light-emitting

Semiconductor device 10 is arranged. The

Radiation exit surfaces 11 of the light-emitting

Semiconductor components 10 are, as in FIG. 9, arranged perpendicular to the first and second end faces 21, 22 of the optical waveguide 20. In other words, in FIG. 10, reflectors arranged on the end faces 21, 22 in each case emit radiation on both sides through the light-emitting

Semiconductor devices takes place, wherein the reflectors 7 forwards the generated during operation light 5 in the optical fiber 20.

FIG. 11 shows, with reference to an XY perspective, a further exemplary embodiment of the optical waveguide 20, wherein a scattering element 6 is arranged on the lateral surface 23 of the optical waveguide 20. The scattering element 6 is in direct contact with the lateral surface 23 of the light guide. That is in the

Light guide 20 located light 5 is at least partially transversely when hitting the diffuser 6 in one direction to the main extension axis R of the light guide 20 diffused scattered and / or directed.

In FIG. 12, a light guide 20 as shown in FIG. 11 is shown, wherein the light guide 20 shown in FIG. 12 is rotatable about its longitudinal axis. By turning the

Optical fiber 20, the emission direction of the light 5 can be controlled and / or steered. In other words, by turning the light guide 20, the illumination of the light exit surface of the housing 1 can be optimized.

In FIG. 13, an XZ perspective is one here

described lighting device 100 shown. In FIG. 13, the scattering elements 6 are arranged on the lateral surface 12 by way of example.

FIG. 14 shows an embodiment of the elliptical cross-sectional shape 30 of the light guide 20 in the XY perspective. The scattering element 6 in FIG. 14 is arranged in the region of the at least one focal point 31 of the elliptical cross-sectional shape 30, so that the light 5 is at the

Larger transverse to the main axis of extension R of the light guide 20 exits into the housing 1. The elliptical

Cross-sectional shape 30 may in particular describe a collimator derived from Fermat's principle. The derived from the Fermat principle

elliptical cross-sectional shape can then by means of a

Radius of curvature and conic constant an ellipse

describe.

In FIG. 15, an XZ perspective is here

described lighting device 100 shown. The in the

Housing 1 arranged three light guides 20 have a Lateral surface 23, which is structured. The scattering elements 6 are, for example, as prisms 51

formed and are arranged on the inside of the lateral surface 23 of the light guide 20. That is, the lateral surface 23 may have structures that a light incident thereon light from the light guide, ie in the housing

or the light exit surface diffuses diffusely and / or deflects. The structures can be inhomogeneous on the

Jacket surface 23 be distributed. The lateral surface can

Have structures, the structures to the diffuse

Scattering and / or steering of the light can be formed. The structures can be distributed inhomogeneously on the lateral surface. The structures may, for example, be prism-shaped and / or be formed as printed patterns. The lateral surface may be smooth at least in places. That is, the lateral surface has no structures. In other words, the lateral surface of the light guide is designed such that the guided in the light guide light is not by total reflection and / or

normal reflection within the light guide remains, but in particular by the lateral surface of the light guide scattered diffused and / or emerges steered. This means that the light in the light guide, for example, at least partially does not reach the opposite end face and already leaves the light guide through the lateral surface.

FIG. 16 shows a YZ perspective of the light device 100, wherein between the light-emitting

Semiconductor component 10 and the optical waveguide 20, an optical element 52 for pre-collimation of the exiting in operation light 5 of the light-emitting semiconductor device 10 is formed. The optical element 52 adjoins the radiation exit surface 11 of the light-emitting Semiconductor device 10 and to the first end face 21 and light inlet surface 24 of the light guide 20 at. The optical element may be formed as a concentrator. For this purpose, the concentrator is, for example, a CPC, CEC or CHC-type optical concentrator, which here and hereinafter means a concentrator whose reflective sidewalls are at least partially and / or at least largely in the form of a compound parabolic concentrator (CPC ), a composite elliptic concentrator (CEC) and / or a compound elliptical concentrator (CEC)

composite hyperbolic concentrator (CHC). By the upstream of the optical element, the coupling of the light

be improved because in particular reflections at the

Light entrance surface 24 of the light guide 20 can be reduced.

FIG. 17 shows an XY representation of the lighting device 100, with individual diffusers 50 facing away from the light exit surface 2 of the housing 1

are arranged, which is assigned in each case one of the three light guide 20. In the embodiment of FIG. 17, the light 5 scattered and / or decoupled from the light guide is in turn scattered at the diffusers 50. This may suggest an additional optional scattering of the light 5

Outlet from the light exit surface 2 of the housing 1 lead. The diffusers 50 of FIG. 17 may be arranged in the housing 1 as optional components.

The invention is not limited by the description based on the embodiments of these. Rather, the invention includes every new feature as well as any combination of Features, which includes in particular any combination of features in the claims, even if this feature or this combination itself is not explicitly in the

Claims or embodiments is given.

This patent application claims the priority of German Patent Application 10 2012 112 763.8, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.

Claims

claims

1. Lighting device (100) comprising

a housing (1) with a light exit surface (2),

a light emitting semiconductor device (10), and

- A light guide (20) having a first end face (21), one of the first end face (21)

opposite second end face (22) and one of the first and second end faces (21, 22) connecting

Lateral surface (23), where

- The first and / or the second end face (21, 22) at least in places as a light entry surface (24) is formed,

the light-emitting semiconductor component (10) and the light conductor (20) are arranged inside the housing (1),

the light-emitting semiconductor component (10) in operation radiates light (5) which for the most part enters the light guide (20) through the light entry surface (24) of the light guide (20),

- The light (5) in the light guide (10) at least partially through the lateral surface (23) of the light guide (20) emerges, and

- The light exited by the lateral surface (23) light (5) leaves the housing (1) through the light exit surface (2) of the housing (1).

2. Lighting device (100) according to claim 1,

wherein the lateral surface (23) of the optical waveguide (20) at least in places comprises a scattering element (6) and the scattering element (6) diffuses the incident light (5) before it exits into the housing (1)

and / or distracts. Lighting device (100) according to one of the previous

Claims,

wherein the light guide (20) at least in places has an elliptical cross-sectional shape (30), wherein a first half axis of the ellipse has a length b = d * (n / (n + 1)) and a second half axis a length a = d * ((n -1) / (n + 1)) ^1/2 , where d is a scaling parameter and n is a refractive index of the optical fiber (20).

Lighting device (100) according to claim 3,

wherein the scattering element (6) is arranged exclusively within a circular area around at least one focal point (31) of the elliptical cross-sectional shape (30), the circular area having a radius that is at most 10% of the dimension of the second semiaxis a and no part of the scattering element ( 6) is outside this circular area, and wherein the light (5) to at least 90 ~ 6 transversely to the main extension axis (R) of the light guide (20) in the housing (1) emerges.

Lighting device (100) according to one of the preceding claims,

wherein at least two of the light guides (20) within the housing (1) extend transversely and at least in places are arranged one above the other.

Lighting device (100) according to one of the preceding claims,

in which the housing (1) comprises an at least partially reflective bottom surface (3), which corresponds to the

Light exit surface (2) of the housing (1)

is arranged opposite, and

the bottom surface (3) with the light exit surface (2) at least partially over at least in places

reflective side surfaces (4) of the housing (1) is connected at least in places.

Lighting device (100) according to claim 5,

wherein a first light-emitting semiconductor device (10) and a second light-emitting

Semiconductor component (10) to the side surfaces (4) of the housing (1) are arranged spaced and in the

Operation radiated light (5) of the first

light-emitting semiconductor device (10) has a direction opposite to the radiated light (5) of the second light-emitting semiconductor device (10).

Lighting device (100) according to claim 7,

wherein a third and fourth light-emitting

Semiconductor device (10) are arranged transversely to the first and second light-emitting semiconductor devices (10) and the radiated in operation light (5) of the third light-emitting semiconductor device (10) to the emitted light (5) of the fourth

light emitting semiconductor device (10)

opposite direction.

Lighting device (100) according to one of the preceding claims,

wherein two light-emitting semiconductor components (10) on two opposite end faces (21, 22) of the light guide (20) are arranged.

10. Lighting device (100) according to one of the preceding

Claims, wherein during operation of the lighting device (100) the

Light exit surface (2) of the housing (1) a

Has luminance and a fluctuation of the

Luminance relative to the mean value of the luminance over the entire light exit surface (2) of the housing (1) is less than 15% of the mean value.

Lighting device (100) according to one of the preceding claims,

wherein the optical fiber (20) is rotatably disposed along its longitudinal axis within the housing (1).

Lighting device (100) according to one of the preceding claims,

wherein a reflector (7) is arranged at least in places between the light-emitting semiconductor component (10) and the light guide (20), and the reflector (7) at least partially projects the light (5) of the light-emitting semiconductor component (10) emitted during operation into the light guide (20 ).

Lighting device (100) according to claim 12,

wherein the light-emitting semiconductor component (10) is arranged between two optical waveguides (20) and the two optical waveguides (20) are arranged by means of the reflector (7).

connected to each other.

Lighting device (100) according to one of the preceding claims,

wherein the light guide (20) in a direction which is remote from its light entry surface (24), rejüngt.