WO2014073951A1 - Cushion and method for manufacturing thereof - Google Patents

Cushion and method for manufacturing thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014073951A1
WO2014073951A1 PCT/NL2013/000051 NL2013000051W WO2014073951A1 WO 2014073951 A1 WO2014073951 A1 WO 2014073951A1 NL 2013000051 W NL2013000051 W NL 2013000051W WO 2014073951 A1 WO2014073951 A1 WO 2014073951A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cushion
parts
elasticities
layer
dimensions
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NL2013/000051
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Robertus Arthur Johannes DOON
Original Assignee
R.A.J. Doon Beheer B.V.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by R.A.J. Doon Beheer B.V. filed Critical R.A.J. Doon Beheer B.V.
Publication of WO2014073951A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014073951A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
    • A61G7/00—Beds specially adapted for nursing; Devices for lifting patients or disabled persons
    • A61G7/05—Parts, details or accessories of beds
    • A61G7/057—Arrangements for preventing bed-sores or for supporting patients with burns, e.g. mattresses specially adapted therefor
    • A61G7/05715—Arrangements for preventing bed-sores or for supporting patients with burns, e.g. mattresses specially adapted therefor with modular blocks, or inserts, with layers of different material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
    • A61G5/00—Chairs or personal conveyances specially adapted for patients or disabled persons, e.g. wheelchairs
    • A61G5/10—Parts, details or accessories
    • A61G5/1043—Cushions specially adapted for wheelchairs
    • A61G5/1045—Cushions specially adapted for wheelchairs for the seat portion

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cushion.
  • the invention also relates to a method for manufacturing such a cushion.
  • the main focus here is a cushion which prevents the occurrence of decubitus in a user, or at least minimizes the chance of it occurring, particularly in the case of a user sitting or lying for a long period in a more or less constant position.
  • the term 'cushion' is used in the context of the present invention in its broadest sense and comprises seat cushions, mattresses and any similar body-supporting elements such as back cushions.
  • Decubitus also referred to as bedsores or pressure sores
  • Decubitus is damage to the skin and/or subcutaneous connective tissue due to the degeneration of cells as a result of pressure, whereby blood circulation is wholly or partially obstructed locally, usually in combination with a poor ventilation, moisture regulation and heat regulation. Shear forces which occur also play a part here.
  • Decubitus generally occurs where the skin lies over a protruding part of a bone: at the coccyx, hips, knees, heels, occiput, shoulder blades, shoulders and elbows. When lying or sitting the skin is squeezed particularly at these positions between the bone and the cushion. If this continues for a longer period, the tissue can even die off (necrosis), after which the dead skin tissue and the underlying connective tissue disappear and an often deep wound results. Decubitus can result in life-threatening complications, particularly when a wound begins to fester and bacteria enter the bloodstream.
  • Decubitus occurs particularly in people who are bedridden and/or incontinent or who sit for long periods in a seat or wheelchair, particularly when the person involved is not able and/or forgets to change position regularly and is not assisted in doing so.
  • Diverse mattresses and seat cushions are known which, according to the producer or supplier, prevent bedsores or pressure sores or reduce the chance thereof or the occurrence thereof.
  • Such a cushion can be filled with air, with gel or with a foam material and is usually provided with a cleanable or washable protective sleeve. Attempts are made here to minimize the pressures occurring by distributing them as uniformly as possible and so preventing pressure points as far as possible.
  • the attempt is usually also made here to minimize the occurring shear forces, and in several cases an effort is also made to achieve an optimum ventilation, moisture regulation and heat regulation.
  • Using known cushions and materials known heretofore it has however not yet been possible to achieve a determined optimum pressure distribution possibly modified to the user involved.
  • the ventilation, moisture regulation and heat regulation are also still far from optimal here.
  • the present invention now provides a solution which does not have these drawbacks, or at least does so to greatly reduced extent.
  • the invention provides a cushion as according to claim 1 and a method for manufacture thereof as according to claim 10.
  • the term 'cushion' is used in the context of the present invention in its broadest sense and comprises seat cushions, mattresses and any similar body- supporting elements such as back cushions.
  • 'elasticity' is understood to mean the extent of deformation of a material when an external stress is applied.
  • the deformation need not here be, or need not only be, proportional to the applied external stress.
  • the deformation can also take place wholly or partially only after a period of time, for instance as a result of becoming warmer due to body heat such as in the case of a viscoelastic memory foam.
  • the material will generally, though not necessarily, and possibly only after a period of time, and except for a non- elastic deformation or creep, return to its original shape here once this external stress has been removed.
  • a determined desirable relation between the indentation value and the location can be achieved by varying the dimensions of the parts and the elasticities.
  • indentation value' is understood to mean the overall deformation/indentation of a piece of material when an external pressure is exerted.
  • One or more boundary planes between the parts can form non-right angles with the layer, which greatly increases the possibilities of arriving at an optimum relation between the indentation value and the location compared to a cushion with boundary planes perpendicular to the layer, wherein the indentation value at the boundary between two parts is always discontinuous.
  • a cushion according to the invention will mould itself optimally to the contours of the body of a user when the relation between indentation value and the location is such that the pressure distribution between body and cushion is optimal.
  • a determined optimal relation between indentation value and location can be derived by means of an algorithm suitable for the purpose from the forces exerted by a user on the cushion.
  • a set of values, associated with this relation, of dimensions of the parts, elasticities and angles can be determined experimentally and/or by calculation and/or in accordance with a suitable algorithm.
  • a plurality of or a theoretically infinite number of sets can also form part of a determined relation.
  • the foam material can for instance be a polyurethane foam or a latex foam.
  • the foam material is preferably a polyurethane foam on the basis of a polyol and methane diphenyl diisocyanate, referred to in short as MDI foam.
  • MDI foam particularly suitable for the given anti-decubitus application is marketed by Draka Interfoam B.V. under the name Pantera® in a series with different specific densities and elasticities / indentation values.
  • Such a foam material is washable, ventilates well and is perceived as very comfortable.
  • Fig. la is a top view of a mattress according to the invention.
  • Fig. lb is a side view thereof; and Fig. 2a is an exploded view of an exemplary embodiment of a seat cushion according to the invention.
  • Fig. 2b is a perspective view thereof.
  • the mattress (1) shown in figure 1 comprises a flat layer (2) of elastic material assembled from a number of parts (2a-f) with mutually differing elasticities. Such a mattress will generally also comprise a mattress cover (not shown).
  • a determined optimal relation between indentation value and location is derived from the forces exerted on the mattress (1) by a user.
  • the starting point here is that the mattress (1) moulds itself as well as possible to the contours of the body of the user and the pressure distribution between body and mattress (1) is optimal.
  • a set of associated values of the dimensions of the parts (2a-f) and elasticities is then calculated, although the determining of these values can in principle also take place in partially or wholly experimental manner.
  • the boundary planes (5) between the parts (2a-f) form right angles with the layer (2), i.e. right angles with a plane parallel to the upper side or underside of the mattress (1). Because of these right angles the indentation value at the boundary between two parts will always be discontinuous, although for a mattress this will generally be less problematic since the optimal relation between indentation value and location can nevertheless be approximated sufficiently closely because the weight of the body of a user is distributed over a relatively large surface area.
  • the seat cushion (3) according to the invention shown in figure 2 is a seat cushion for use in a wheelchair. Such a cushion will generally also comprise a cover (not shown).
  • the seat cushion (3) again comprises a flat layer (4) of elastic material assembled from a number of parts (4a-e) with mutually differing elasticities. Important are the non-right angles which the boundary planes (6) between the parts (4a-4e) form with the layer (2), i.e. non-right angles with a plane parallel to the upper side or underside of the seat cushion (3).
  • the boundary planes (6) between the parts (4a-e) do not therefore lie here perpendicularly of the upper side or underside of the seat cushion (3).
  • the elasticities and now also the angles By varying the dimensions of the parts (4a-e), the elasticities and now also the angles, any relation between the indentation value and the location can in principle be realized, and a determined optimum pressure distribution, possibly modified to the user involved, can thus be realized without any discontinuity in the indentation value at the boundary between two parts. It is particularly important for a seat cushion of a wheelchair to approximate the optimum relation between indentation value and location as closely as possible, since a large part of the weight of the body of a user rests on a relatively small surface area.
  • the elastic material is an MDI foam as marketed by Draka Interfoam B. V. under the name Pantera® in a series with different specific densities and elasticities / indentation values.
  • Such a foam material is washable, ventilates well and is perceived as very comfortable.
  • the parts (2a-f;4a-e) are glued to each other here, in the shown examples with a polyurethane adhesive suitable for the purpose.
  • the parts (2a- f;4a-e) can however consist in principle of other and even mutually differing elastic materials or foam materials.
  • the mattress and the seat cushion are found to prevent the occurrence of decubitus in a user, or at least to minimize the chance of it occurring.
  • the mattress and the seat cushion have very good properties in respect of ventilation, moisture regulation and heat regulation. This is also brought about by enclosing the foam material with a properly ventilating cover or sleeve. The whole is washable up to 40°C. All these factors make the mattress and the seat cushion very comfortable and practical to use.
  • Anti-decubitus cushions according to the invention are marketed under the name Culsana®.

Abstract

Cushion (1;3) comprising a layer (2;4) of elastic material, characterized in that the layer comprises a plurality of parts (2a-f; 4a-e)with mutually differing elasticities. Preferably at least one boundary plane (6) between two of the parts forms a non-right angle with the layer. Also method for manufacturing such a cushion. A determined desirable relation between the indentation value and the location can be achieved by varying the dimensions of the parts and the elasticities. A cushion according to the invention will mould itself optimally to the contours of the body of a user when the relation between indentation value and the location is such that the pressure distribution between body and cushion is optimal. A determined optimal relation between indentation value and location can be derived by means of an algorithm suitable for the purpose from the forces exerted by a user on the cushion. A set of values, associated with this relation, of dimensions of the parts, elasticities and angles can be determined experimentally and/or by calculation and/or in accordance with a suitable algorithm.

Description

Cushion and method for manufacturing thereof
Field of the invention
The invention relates to a cushion. The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing such a cushion. The main focus here is a cushion which prevents the occurrence of decubitus in a user, or at least minimizes the chance of it occurring, particularly in the case of a user sitting or lying for a long period in a more or less constant position. The term 'cushion' is used in the context of the present invention in its broadest sense and comprises seat cushions, mattresses and any similar body-supporting elements such as back cushions.
Background of the invention
Decubitus, also referred to as bedsores or pressure sores, is damage to the skin and/or subcutaneous connective tissue due to the degeneration of cells as a result of pressure, whereby blood circulation is wholly or partially obstructed locally, usually in combination with a poor ventilation, moisture regulation and heat regulation. Shear forces which occur also play a part here.
Decubitus generally occurs where the skin lies over a protruding part of a bone: at the coccyx, hips, knees, heels, occiput, shoulder blades, shoulders and elbows. When lying or sitting the skin is squeezed particularly at these positions between the bone and the cushion. If this continues for a longer period, the tissue can even die off (necrosis), after which the dead skin tissue and the underlying connective tissue disappear and an often deep wound results. Decubitus can result in life-threatening complications, particularly when a wound begins to fester and bacteria enter the bloodstream. Decubitus occurs particularly in people who are bedridden and/or incontinent or who sit for long periods in a seat or wheelchair, particularly when the person involved is not able and/or forgets to change position regularly and is not assisted in doing so. Diverse mattresses and seat cushions are known which, according to the producer or supplier, prevent bedsores or pressure sores or reduce the chance thereof or the occurrence thereof. Such a cushion can be filled with air, with gel or with a foam material and is usually provided with a cleanable or washable protective sleeve. Attempts are made here to minimize the pressures occurring by distributing them as uniformly as possible and so preventing pressure points as far as possible. The attempt is usually also made here to minimize the occurring shear forces, and in several cases an effort is also made to achieve an optimum ventilation, moisture regulation and heat regulation. Using known cushions and materials known heretofore it has however not yet been possible to achieve a determined optimum pressure distribution possibly modified to the user involved. The ventilation, moisture regulation and heat regulation are also still far from optimal here. The present invention now provides a solution which does not have these drawbacks, or at least does so to greatly reduced extent.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a cushion as according to claim 1 and a method for manufacture thereof as according to claim 10. As stated, the term 'cushion' is used in the context of the present invention in its broadest sense and comprises seat cushions, mattresses and any similar body- supporting elements such as back cushions. In the context of the invention 'elasticity' is understood to mean the extent of deformation of a material when an external stress is applied. The deformation need not here be, or need not only be, proportional to the applied external stress. The deformation can also take place wholly or partially only after a period of time, for instance as a result of becoming warmer due to body heat such as in the case of a viscoelastic memory foam. The material will generally, though not necessarily, and possibly only after a period of time, and except for a non- elastic deformation or creep, return to its original shape here once this external stress has been removed.
A determined desirable relation between the indentation value and the location can be achieved by varying the dimensions of the parts and the elasticities. In the context of the invention 'indentation value' is understood to mean the overall deformation/indentation of a piece of material when an external pressure is exerted. One or more boundary planes between the parts can form non-right angles with the layer, which greatly increases the possibilities of arriving at an optimum relation between the indentation value and the location compared to a cushion with boundary planes perpendicular to the layer, wherein the indentation value at the boundary between two parts is always discontinuous.
A cushion according to the invention will mould itself optimally to the contours of the body of a user when the relation between indentation value and the location is such that the pressure distribution between body and cushion is optimal. A determined optimal relation between indentation value and location can be derived by means of an algorithm suitable for the purpose from the forces exerted by a user on the cushion. A set of values, associated with this relation, of dimensions of the parts, elasticities and angles can be determined experimentally and/or by calculation and/or in accordance with a suitable algorithm. A plurality of or a theoretically infinite number of sets can also form part of a determined relation.
The foam material can for instance be a polyurethane foam or a latex foam. The foam material is preferably a polyurethane foam on the basis of a polyol and methane diphenyl diisocyanate, referred to in short as MDI foam. An MDI foam particularly suitable for the given anti-decubitus application is marketed by Draka Interfoam B.V. under the name Pantera® in a series with different specific densities and elasticities / indentation values. Such a foam material is washable, ventilates well and is perceived as very comfortable.
Brief description of the drawings
The invention is elucidated hereinbelow on the basis of non-limitative exemplary embodiments.
Shown more or less schematically in the drawings:
Fig. la is a top view of a mattress according to the invention, and
Fig. lb is a side view thereof; and Fig. 2a is an exploded view of an exemplary embodiment of a seat cushion according to the invention, and
Fig. 2b is a perspective view thereof.
Exemplary embodiments
The mattress (1) shown in figure 1 comprises a flat layer (2) of elastic material assembled from a number of parts (2a-f) with mutually differing elasticities. Such a mattress will generally also comprise a mattress cover (not shown). By means of an algorithm suitable for the purpose a determined optimal relation between indentation value and location is derived from the forces exerted on the mattress (1) by a user. The starting point here is that the mattress (1) moulds itself as well as possible to the contours of the body of the user and the pressure distribution between body and mattress (1) is optimal. A set of associated values of the dimensions of the parts (2a-f) and elasticities is then calculated, although the determining of these values can in principle also take place in partially or wholly experimental manner. In the given example the boundary planes (5) between the parts (2a-f) form right angles with the layer (2), i.e. right angles with a plane parallel to the upper side or underside of the mattress (1). Because of these right angles the indentation value at the boundary between two parts will always be discontinuous, although for a mattress this will generally be less problematic since the optimal relation between indentation value and location can nevertheless be approximated sufficiently closely because the weight of the body of a user is distributed over a relatively large surface area.
The seat cushion (3) according to the invention shown in figure 2 is a seat cushion for use in a wheelchair. Such a cushion will generally also comprise a cover (not shown). The seat cushion (3) again comprises a flat layer (4) of elastic material assembled from a number of parts (4a-e) with mutually differing elasticities. Important are the non-right angles which the boundary planes (6) between the parts (4a-4e) form with the layer (2), i.e. non-right angles with a plane parallel to the upper side or underside of the seat cushion (3). The boundary planes (6) between the parts (4a-e) do not therefore lie here perpendicularly of the upper side or underside of the seat cushion (3). By varying the dimensions of the parts (4a-e), the elasticities and now also the angles, any relation between the indentation value and the location can in principle be realized, and a determined optimum pressure distribution, possibly modified to the user involved, can thus be realized without any discontinuity in the indentation value at the boundary between two parts. It is particularly important for a seat cushion of a wheelchair to approximate the optimum relation between indentation value and location as closely as possible, since a large part of the weight of the body of a user rests on a relatively small surface area. In the given examples (1;3) the elastic material is an MDI foam as marketed by Draka Interfoam B. V. under the name Pantera® in a series with different specific densities and elasticities / indentation values. Such a foam material is washable, ventilates well and is perceived as very comfortable. The parts (2a-f;4a-e) are glued to each other here, in the shown examples with a polyurethane adhesive suitable for the purpose. The parts (2a- f;4a-e) can however consist in principle of other and even mutually differing elastic materials or foam materials.
The mattress and the seat cushion are found to prevent the occurrence of decubitus in a user, or at least to minimize the chance of it occurring. In addition to a very good to optimal pressure distribution, the mattress and the seat cushion have very good properties in respect of ventilation, moisture regulation and heat regulation. This is also brought about by enclosing the foam material with a properly ventilating cover or sleeve. The whole is washable up to 40°C. All these factors make the mattress and the seat cushion very comfortable and practical to use. Anti-decubitus cushions according to the invention are marketed under the name Culsana®.
It will be apparent that the invention is not limited to the shown and described exemplary embodiments, but that diverse variants evident to a skilled person are possible within the scope of the invention.

Claims

Claims
I . Cushion (1;3) comprising a layer (2;4) of elastic material, characterized in that the layer comprises a plurality of parts (2a-f;4a-e) with mutually differing elasticities.
2. Cushion as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the dimensions of the parts and the elasticities have values such that the indentation value of the layer depends on the location in accordance with a determined desired function.
3. Cushion (3) as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that at least one boundary plane (6) between two of the parts forms a non-right angle with the layer.
4. Cushion as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the dimensions of the parts, the elasticities and the angles have values such that the indentation value of the layer depends on the location in accordance with a determined desired function.
5. Cushion as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, characterized in that the elastic material is a foam material.
6. Cushion as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the elastic material is a latex foam.
7. Cushion as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the elastic material is a polyurethane foam.
8. Cushion as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that the elastic material is a polyurethane foam on the basis of a polyol and methane diphenyl diisocyanate.
9. Cushion as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, characterized in that the parts are glued to each other by means of an adhesive suitable for the purpose.
10. Method for manufacturing a cushion (1;3), the cushion comprising a layer (2;4) of elastic material, which layer comprises a plurality of parts (2a-f;4a-e) with mutually differing elasticities, characterized in that the values of the dimensions of the parts and the elasticities are selected such that the indentation value of the layer depends on the location in accordance with a determined desired function.
I I. Method as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that the desired function is derived from the forces exerted on the cushion by a user.
12. Method as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that a set of values, associated with the desired function, of the dimensions of the parts and the elasticities is determined.
13. Method as claimed in claim 10, wherein at least one boundary plane (6) between two of the parts forms a non-right angle with the layer, characterized in that the values of the dimensions of the parts, the elasticities and the angles are selected such that the indentation value of the layer depends on the location in accordance with a determined desired function.
14. Method as claimed in claim 13, characterized in that the desired function is derived from the forces exerted on the cushion by a user.
15. Method as claimed in claim 14, characterized in that a set of values, associated with the desired function, of the dimensions of the parts, the elasticities and the angles is determined.
PCT/NL2013/000051 2012-11-06 2013-11-05 Cushion and method for manufacturing thereof WO2014073951A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL1039883 2012-11-06
NL1039883A NL1039883C2 (en) 2012-11-06 2012-11-06 PILLOW AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING IT

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2014073951A1 true WO2014073951A1 (en) 2014-05-15

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/NL2013/000051 WO2014073951A1 (en) 2012-11-06 2013-11-05 Cushion and method for manufacturing thereof

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NL (1) NL1039883C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2014073951A1 (en)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5442823A (en) * 1993-01-06 1995-08-22 Invacare Corporation Wheelchair cushion utilizing foams of different stiffnesses
US20050022406A1 (en) * 2003-07-28 2005-02-03 Bieganek Joseph S. Apparatus and method for evaluating clearance from a contoured seat cushion
US20050025953A1 (en) * 2003-07-28 2005-02-03 Hetzel Thomas R. Individually-contoured seat cushion and shape capturing and fabricating method for seat cushion
US20100187791A1 (en) * 2009-01-23 2010-07-29 Izinger Maayan Seat cushion

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5442823A (en) * 1993-01-06 1995-08-22 Invacare Corporation Wheelchair cushion utilizing foams of different stiffnesses
US20050022406A1 (en) * 2003-07-28 2005-02-03 Bieganek Joseph S. Apparatus and method for evaluating clearance from a contoured seat cushion
US20050025953A1 (en) * 2003-07-28 2005-02-03 Hetzel Thomas R. Individually-contoured seat cushion and shape capturing and fabricating method for seat cushion
US20100187791A1 (en) * 2009-01-23 2010-07-29 Izinger Maayan Seat cushion

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