WO2013103871A1 - Porous oxygen activated heater - Google Patents
Porous oxygen activated heater Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013103871A1 WO2013103871A1 PCT/US2013/020353 US2013020353W WO2013103871A1 WO 2013103871 A1 WO2013103871 A1 WO 2013103871A1 US 2013020353 W US2013020353 W US 2013020353W WO 2013103871 A1 WO2013103871 A1 WO 2013103871A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- heater
- approximately
- porosity
- flexible substrate
- oxygen
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24V—COLLECTION, PRODUCTION OR USE OF HEAT NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F24V30/00—Apparatus or devices using heat produced by exothermal chemical reactions other than combustion
Definitions
- the invention relates to a porous heater that uses oxygen (generally atmospheric oxygen) as a source of a chemical reactant for an exothermic reaction.
- oxygen generally atmospheric oxygen
- Portable flameless heaters are currently used in a variety of applications, such as heating comestible, medical, and consumer items.
- Some heaters utilize the reaction of magnesium and water to produce heat. While such a heater produces a sufficient amount of heat, hydrogen gas is product of the exothermic reaction. This can generate safety, transportation, storage, and disposal concerns. In addition, the exothermic reaction requires water, which can be tiresome to constantly carry around.
- the assignee of the present invention has provided oxygen-base heaters and various packages for same. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 7,722,782, issued on May 25, 2010; U.S. Appl. Ser. No. 12/376,927, filed on February 9, 2009; U.S. Appl. Ser. No. 12/874,338, filed on September 2, 2010; U.S. Appl. Ser. No. 61/583,418, filed on January 5, 2012; U.S. Appl. Ser. No. 61/714,526, filed on October 16, 2012; U.S. Appl. Ser. No. 61/716, 226, filed on October 19, 2012; U.S. Appl. Ser. No. 61/716,279, filed on October 19, 2012; and, U.S. Appl. Ser. No. 61/716,906, filed on October 22, 2012, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- the porosity of the composite heater is an important feature for providing an efficient and effective heater.
- the present invention is directed to providing a heater that has sufficient porosity so as to be efficient and effective without compromising performance, as well as other benefits.
- the present invention is directed towards an oxygen based heater with a wet porosity of approximately 15-35%.
- the heater may also include a dry porosity of approximately 60%.
- the present invention is directed towards a heater with the wet porosity of approximately 15-35% in a package.
- the dry porosity refers to the porosity of the heater sheet before the electrolyte is introduced, and the wet porosity refers to the porosity of the sheet after electrolyte has been added.
- the organization of the components within the heater sheet to achieve these porosity ranges is an important attribute to ensure that the heater includes the right micro -environment for the oxygen initiated reaction to occur and these porosity ranges are an indication of establishing the right microstructure.
- the present invention is also directed at providing a heater with a wet porosity sufficient to reach a desired temperature in an acceptable amount of time.
- Figure 1 is a graph showing the temperature after 5 minutes for various heaters according to the present invention.
- Figure 2 is a graph showing the time it takes various heaters according to the present invention to achieve a 100 °F temperature rise (starting from a 40 °F temperature).
- Figure 3 is a graph showing the time it takes heaters according to the present invention to reach their respective maximum temperatures.
- Figure 4 is a side cutaway view of an embodiment of a heater according to the present invention in a package.
- the heater also includes carbon treated with KMn0 4 as a promoter and a polytetrafluoroethylene as a binding agent that holds the chemical constituents together and allows for a flexible composite heater to be made.
- a preferred carbon is Ketjenblack KB300J produced by AkzoNobel Polymer Chemicals, and a preferred polytetrafluoroethylene is a powdered polytetrafluoroethylene such as Laurel Product's Marzon-10.
- the heater may also include additives to improve stability such as indium, bismuth, stannates, or silicates.
- the composite heaters were activated with various amounts of a 20%> (by weight) potassium chloride solution and assembled into pouches.
- the different amounts of the electrolyte solution are shown in Table 3.
- the use of the various amounts also resulted in different wet porosities, also shown in Table 3.
- the wet porosity is determined by calculating the free volume in the dry heater sheet, subtracting the volume of activator solution added to the sheet to determine the final free volume and then dividing by the sheet volume.
- the parameters of the test that were measured are as follows: the temperature rise in five minutes; the time to raise the water temperature by 100 °F from an initial temperature of 40 °F; the time to reach the maximum temperature; and, the maximum temperature achieved.
- the 140 °F desired temperature was chosen as a desired temperature because a temperature of 140 °F is a desired temperature for a comestible when heated from a cold temperature.
- desired temperature means a temperature that is chosen and which represents a temperature sufficient to achieve the purposes of the heater (i.e., heat a comestible, boil water, melt ice, etc.).
- Figures 1-3 illustrate the effect of wet porosity on the performance of heater pouches.
- Fig. 1 shows the temperature rise in five minutes for various composite heaters. As shown and demonstrated by Fig. 1, the lower the porosity, the slower the temperature rise (in the initial five minutes). This indicates a lack of oxygen access to reaction sites within the composite heater. By increasing the wet porosity, it is believed there is more access to the reaction sites within the heater structure leading to a faster rate of reaction and higher temperature at five minutes.
- Fig. 2 The effect of wet porosity on the time that it takes for a heater pouch to achieve a 100 °F temperature rise in an eight ounce water bag test is shown in Fig. 2. As shown, in the range of 15-35% wet porosity there is only a small impact on the time to 100 °F rise.
- heater 6 may be disposed inside of package 5.
- package 5 may be a pouch comprising first sheet 9 and second sheet 12.
- Second sheet 12 includes a plurality of openings 14 forming oxygen access portion 11.
- flap 8 Disposed over at least oxygen access portion 11 may be flap 8 (or other similar structure capable of selectively opening and preferably re-closing).
- Flap 8 may include adhesive 10 to secure flap 8 over oxygen access portion 11 when the production of heat is not desired or no longer desired.
- package 5 may include side 7 without any openings 14; however, the depicted package is merely a representative package which selectively prevents oxygen access to heater 6 to control an exothermic reaction between heater 6 and atmospheric oxygen.
- Heater 6 is made according to the present invention, and as disclosed above, is a porous flexible substrate which includes a reducing agent, a binder, and a promoter. Heater 6 is also activated with an electrolyte solution. Furthermore, heater 6 has a wet porosity of between approximately 15-35%.
- Such a heater will provide a sufficient amount of heat and reach the desired temperature within an acceptable amount of time, based in part, upon the porosity of the heater itself.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BR112014016626A BR112014016626A8 (en) | 2012-01-05 | 2013-01-04 | porous oxygen activated heater |
CN201380004936.5A CN104203873A (en) | 2012-01-05 | 2013-01-04 | Porous oxygen activated heater |
MX2014008307A MX2014008307A (en) | 2012-01-05 | 2013-01-04 | Porous oxygen activated heater. |
EP13733815.8A EP2800732A4 (en) | 2012-01-05 | 2013-01-04 | Porous oxygen activated heater |
AU2013207453A AU2013207453A1 (en) | 2012-01-05 | 2013-01-04 | Porous oxygen activated heater |
JP2014551368A JP2015507166A (en) | 2012-01-05 | 2013-01-04 | Porous oxygen heater |
CA2860621A CA2860621A1 (en) | 2012-01-05 | 2013-01-04 | Porous oxygen activated heater |
ZA2014/04905A ZA201404905B (en) | 2012-01-05 | 2014-07-02 | Porous oxygen activated heater |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201261583418P | 2012-01-05 | 2012-01-05 | |
US201261583410P | 2012-01-05 | 2012-01-05 | |
US61/583,410 | 2012-01-05 | ||
US61/583,418 | 2012-01-05 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2013103871A1 true WO2013103871A1 (en) | 2013-07-11 |
Family
ID=48743050
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2013/020353 WO2013103871A1 (en) | 2012-01-05 | 2013-01-04 | Porous oxygen activated heater |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20130174835A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2800732A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2015507166A (en) |
CN (1) | CN104203873A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2013207453A1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR112014016626A8 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2860621A1 (en) |
MX (1) | MX2014008307A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2013103871A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA201404905B (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9024360B1 (en) | 2014-02-17 | 2015-05-05 | Sonoco Development, Inc. | Container having self-contained heater material |
US9278796B2 (en) | 2014-02-17 | 2016-03-08 | Sonoco Development, Inc. | Container having self-contained heater material |
US9872795B2 (en) | 2014-03-12 | 2018-01-23 | Rechargeable Battery Corporation | Thermoformable medical member with heater and method of manufacturing same |
US9642736B2 (en) | 2014-03-12 | 2017-05-09 | Rechargeable Battery Corporation | Thermoformable splint structure with integrally associated oxygen activated heater and method of manufacturing same |
US10046325B2 (en) | 2015-03-27 | 2018-08-14 | Rechargeable Battery Corporation | Self-heating device for warming of biological samples |
US20160286994A1 (en) * | 2015-04-01 | 2016-10-06 | Preston Keith Felty | Disposable sleeve for a container |
US9782946B2 (en) * | 2015-07-21 | 2017-10-10 | Sonoco Development, Inc. | Laminate structure with access openings |
US11865036B2 (en) | 2019-09-27 | 2024-01-09 | L'oreal | Integrated heater on facial skincare mask |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2533958A (en) * | 1946-04-23 | 1950-12-12 | Raymond E Reed | Chemical heating pad, particularly useful in permanent waving of human hair |
US3301250A (en) * | 1965-03-26 | 1967-01-31 | Sun Pak Products Inc | Flameless heater, heating assembly and heating kit |
US4205957A (en) | 1978-11-20 | 1980-06-03 | Akinobu Fujiwara | Heating element |
US4522190A (en) * | 1983-11-03 | 1985-06-11 | University Of Cincinnati | Flexible electrochemical heater |
US5918590A (en) | 1995-06-29 | 1999-07-06 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Heat cells |
US5984995A (en) | 1996-03-29 | 1999-11-16 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Heat cells |
US20090293859A1 (en) * | 2005-07-12 | 2009-12-03 | Brendan Coffey | Portable heating apparatus and metal fuel composite for use with same |
US20100163011A1 (en) * | 2006-08-10 | 2010-07-01 | Rechargeable Battery Corporation | Oxygen Activated Heater and Method of Manufacturing Same |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4356044A (en) * | 1981-03-23 | 1982-10-26 | Ireco Chemicals | Emulsion explosives containing high concentrations of calcium nitrate |
US4428784A (en) * | 1983-03-07 | 1984-01-31 | Ireco Chemicals | Blasting compositions containing sodium nitrate |
US8256412B2 (en) * | 2003-07-31 | 2012-09-04 | Kao Corporation | Warming tool in a sheet form |
SA109300294B1 (en) * | 2008-05-15 | 2014-08-21 | Wyeth Llc | Portable moist heat system |
JP5318952B2 (en) * | 2008-07-15 | 2013-10-16 | エフ.ホフマン−ラ ロシュ アーゲー | Novel phenyl-imidazopyridines and pyridazines |
-
2013
- 2013-01-04 JP JP2014551368A patent/JP2015507166A/en active Pending
- 2013-01-04 US US13/734,594 patent/US20130174835A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-01-04 CN CN201380004936.5A patent/CN104203873A/en active Pending
- 2013-01-04 AU AU2013207453A patent/AU2013207453A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-01-04 EP EP13733815.8A patent/EP2800732A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2013-01-04 WO PCT/US2013/020353 patent/WO2013103871A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-01-04 BR BR112014016626A patent/BR112014016626A8/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2013-01-04 CA CA2860621A patent/CA2860621A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-01-04 MX MX2014008307A patent/MX2014008307A/en unknown
-
2014
- 2014-07-02 ZA ZA2014/04905A patent/ZA201404905B/en unknown
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2533958A (en) * | 1946-04-23 | 1950-12-12 | Raymond E Reed | Chemical heating pad, particularly useful in permanent waving of human hair |
US3301250A (en) * | 1965-03-26 | 1967-01-31 | Sun Pak Products Inc | Flameless heater, heating assembly and heating kit |
US4205957A (en) | 1978-11-20 | 1980-06-03 | Akinobu Fujiwara | Heating element |
US4522190A (en) * | 1983-11-03 | 1985-06-11 | University Of Cincinnati | Flexible electrochemical heater |
US5918590A (en) | 1995-06-29 | 1999-07-06 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Heat cells |
US5984995A (en) | 1996-03-29 | 1999-11-16 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Heat cells |
US20090293859A1 (en) * | 2005-07-12 | 2009-12-03 | Brendan Coffey | Portable heating apparatus and metal fuel composite for use with same |
US20100163011A1 (en) * | 2006-08-10 | 2010-07-01 | Rechargeable Battery Corporation | Oxygen Activated Heater and Method of Manufacturing Same |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP2800732A4 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ZA201404905B (en) | 2017-08-30 |
CA2860621A1 (en) | 2013-07-11 |
BR112014016626A8 (en) | 2017-07-04 |
JP2015507166A (en) | 2015-03-05 |
AU2013207453A1 (en) | 2014-07-24 |
US20130174835A1 (en) | 2013-07-11 |
EP2800732A4 (en) | 2015-09-02 |
BR112014016626A2 (en) | 2017-06-13 |
MX2014008307A (en) | 2014-12-08 |
EP2800732A1 (en) | 2014-11-12 |
CN104203873A (en) | 2014-12-10 |
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