WO2013029219A1

WO2013029219A1 - Three-dimensional imaging method and device

Info

Publication number: WO2013029219A1
Application number: PCT/CN2011/078993
Authority: WO
Inventors: 黄珏华; 靳浩
Original assignee: Huang Juehua; Jin Hao
Priority date: 2011-08-26
Filing date: 2011-08-26
Publication date: 2013-03-07

Abstract

Disclosed is a three-dimensional imaging method and device. The present invention adopts multiple light transmission devices to transmit coherent light to an imaging position to form a coherent pixel, the imaging position comprising a continuous or separate plane, curved surface, a space range having a depth, so as to simulate the distribution of the phase and light intensity of light rays emitted by an actual object in the plane, curved surface or space. The light intensity and phase of the coherent light in each light transmission device are modulated respectively. A three-dimensional real image or virtual image is formed through direct emission, scattering, diffraction, mixing of coherent light or through diffraction and interference of coherent light after passing through a lens. The present invention adopts a light transmission device to form a coherent light wave surface to implement three-dimensional imaging, the distribution of the phase and light intensity of light rays emitted from a three-dimensional actual object in a certain plane, curved surface or space may be simulated with the light transmission device, interference occurs after diffraction, scattering or imaging to form a three-dimensional real image or virtual image, and meanwhile, when the lateral size of a light transmission device is smaller, the picture pixels are denser; when the number of light transmission devices is larger, the plane, curved surface or space screen is larger and the three-dimensional picture is larger and is not affected by the sizes of devices for regulating and controlling the light intensity and phase. Also, multiple beams of light having the same frequency or different frequencies may be introduced without interfering with each other.

Description

Method and device for three-dimensional imaging

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to the field of three-dimensional imaging technology, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for three-dimensional imaging. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Existing stereoscopic display technologies are classified in many categories, but the most basic principles are classified into several types: visual difference between left and right eyes, depth distribution of pixel space, or holographic imaging.

At present, the more commonly used three-dimensional imaging technology is a three-dimensional imaging technique that utilizes the visual difference between the left and right eyes. Since the positions of the left and right eyes of the person are different, the angles of the observed objects are slightly different, so the left and right eyes can respectively see different pictures, which is the parallax of the human eye, and the images seen by the left and right eyes are regenerated by the superposition of the brain, forming one with Images of stereoscopic effects such as front and rear, up and down, left and right, and far and near, produce stereoscopic three-dimensional vision with depth of field.

The three-dimensional imaging technology that utilizes the visual difference between the left and right eyes is further divided into two types: glasses type and naked eye type. The glasses type uses the left and right lenses of the glasses to filter out an image so that the left eye can only see the left eye image, while the right eye can only see the right eye image. The glasses-type three-dimensional imaging technology mainly has a color difference type (color separation method), a polarized type (light division method), and an active shutter type (time division method). The naked-eye three-dimensional imaging technology does not require glasses, and can be classified into three types: light barrier type, lenticular lens technology, and pointing light source.

The above-mentioned glasses-type three-dimensional imaging technology must wear glasses when viewing, which imposes a burden on the user and is not convenient to use. The disadvantages of the existing naked-eye three-dimensional display technology are: When people are watching the screen, they must be within a certain range to observe the stereoscopic image. If the distance from the screen is too far, or the viewing angle is too large, the three-dimensional effect is not obvious. This technology is therefore ideal for viewing by a single person on a small display. In addition, this technique is relatively poor in display performance. Since it is impossible to completely avoid an image that should enter only one eye (such as the left eye) into the other eye (such as the right eye), aberrations are formed and eye fatigue is caused. In addition, since the monocular image can only be generated or divided by half of the pixels, the resolution is poor or the flicker is large.

In the prior art, there is also a three-dimensional imaging technique that utilizes the spatial depth distribution of the pixel space, for example, the publication number is

CN1305014, the invention patent entitled "Electronic display device composed of display unit with address", proposes to use a pixel to be distributed in a certain three-dimensional space to form a stereoscopic effect. At present, products have been formed by stereoscopic imaging of pixels distributed over a series of cone surfaces. However, the depth of the formation of the technique is relatively shallow, and when the pixel density is large, the pixels are deeply blocked by the surface pixels.

Holographic imaging technology, which began to appear in the 1940s, can also achieve three-dimensional imaging. Three-dimensional imaging based on synthetic holography is a true three-dimensional display technology. The basic shooting method of synthetic hologram is to take a set of two-dimensional pictures with a normal camera at a continuously changing angle, and then encode these pictures and then project them on the screen in sequence. As the viewing angle changes, the images seen also have corresponding angles. Variety. A synthetic hologram can contain enough two-dimensional images and guarantee continuous changes in angles, so that high-quality three-dimensional scenes can be displayed. When a person observes a group of dynamically changing When the image is imaged, the reflection in the brain is a moving object. The synthetic hologram takes advantage of this and can display an animated scene. The advantages are: vivid colors, horizontal and vertical dynamic fields of view up to 100%, theoretically the hologram area can be arbitrarily large. The shortcoming of holographic three-dimensional imaging is that the production process is complicated, time-consuming, and it is very difficult to achieve dynamic display.

Holographic three-dimensional imaging technology is further divided into spatial light modulator based, acousto-optic modulator based, LCD based,

DMD's holographic true 3D display technology based on integrated electronics and based on new materials, where:

Digital holographic true three-dimensional display technology based on spatial light modulator: A spatial light modulator is a device that can load information onto a one- or two-dimensional optical data field in order to effectively utilize the inherent speed, parallelism and interconnection of light. ability. Such devices can change the amplitude or intensity, phase, polarization, and wavelength of light distribution in space, or convert incoherent light into coherent light. Spatial light modulators are generally classified into reflective and transmissive modes according to the way in which light is read out. Optical transmission (OA-SLM) and electrical addressing (EA-SLM) can be classified according to the manner of input control signals. ). The SLM is characterized by the ability to modulate the beam in space in real time, so the SLM becomes a key component of systems such as real-time optical information processing and real-time true holographic three-dimensional display.

Holographic true three-dimensional display based on acousto-optic modulator (AOM SLM): The acousto-optic modulator consists of four parts: an acousto-optic medium, an electro-acoustic transducer, an acoustic (or reflective) device and a driving power supply. The RF voltage generated by the driving power source is formed by ultrasonic conversion to form an ultrasonic wave corresponding to the input electrical signal to propagate in the medium, thereby forming an ultrasonic grating. The incident light is diffracted by the ultrasonic grating, and the intensity modulation of the diffracted light corresponds to the amplitude modulation of the input electrical signal, thereby obtaining modulated output light. One disadvantage of the AOM system is that it produces a large image proportionally, making a hologram based on the number of stripes. Another disadvantage is the need for an optical process. Time domain multiplexing relies on the development of scanning mirrors to obtain horizontal and vertical disparity information through scanning mirrors. By overcoming these shortcomings, AOM can produce larger holographic images. Since AOM is a one-dimensional device, horizontal and vertical disparity information must be acquired through a scanning mirror, and digital holographic fringes need to be converted into high-frequency analog signals, which is limited in practical applications.

Holographic true three-dimensional display technology based on LCD and DMD: The system is designed with an electrically addressed active matrix driving TFT-LCD as a spatial light modulator. The TFT-LCD changes the transmittance of each of the liquid crystal pixels by using an address electrical signal, thereby converting the electrical signal into a spatial light intensity distribution. The system uses a rear-projection transmissive TFT LCD screen, which is directly connected to the computer through the SVGA interface to receive its modulated signal. There is an automatic partition recording mechanism in front of the holographic dry plate, and the two reels are used to control the two reels to automatically scroll the opaque material. A slit is left in the material; the stepper motor and the exposure shutter are connected to the computer through an RS-232 interface and are controlled by a computer program. In addition, a measuring device for automatically measuring the optical power at regular intervals during the exposure process is designed, in order to monitor whether there is a light shift phenomenon during a long exposure period. The problems that need to be paid attention to in this system are as follows: (1) The aperture ratio of the LCD is about 0.3, which seriously affects the light transmittance of the LCD. Therefore, a laser with a higher power is required as a light source and the power of the object light wave is appropriately increased; (2) Polarization The propagation law of light in a voltage-added LCD is a mixed field effect. In addition to the rotation of the polarization direction, there are also birefringence effects and absorption and scattering of light. The result of these effects is a reduction in the signal-to-noise ratio of the hologram; (3) the mechanical stability of the automatic exposure, automatic partitioning and power measurement mechanisms is also important for the experimental process, and their actions affect the experiment. The stability of the station. Their pedestals should be separated from the test bench and a portion of the static time should be left after each step of the program's automatic control. Digital micromirror (DMD) is a new type of optoelectronic device that has recently emerged. The micromirror consists of a mirror pixel unit of 12 μm size fixed on two support columns, only at a specific angle (with optical axis). Incident light incident on these micromirrors at an angle of 10 degrees or 12 degrees can be imaged by the projection objective. The use of DMD as a spatial light modulator has many advantages over the use of TFT-LCD. DMD imaging has been greatly improved over traditional liquid crystal projection, especially the relatively high parameters required in holography, such as pixel size, gray scale and light. The utilization rate and the like are significantly improved, and it is simpler to design the system optical path using the reflective working mode of the DMD than the transmissive mode using the TFT-LCD. The design idea is not fundamentally different from TFT-LCD, except that DMD is used instead of TFT-LCD as the light modulator, and the corresponding light-routed rear-projection type is changed to reflective type.

Digital holographic true three-dimensional display technology based on integrated electronic technology: 2005, Chiba University, Japan Tomoyoshi

Shimobaba proposed an electronic holographic display system based on reflective LCD. The main part of the system is a holographic integrated circuit and a reflective LCD. The integrated circuit can convert 400-point 3D object calculations into a 800 X 600 cell holographic screen in 0.15 seconds. The reflective LCD has a pixel pitch of 12 μ ηι and a resolution of 800 x 600. The circuit consists of four main components: Universal Serial Bus Control (USB), Holographic Computing Chip (SPC), LCD Controller, and Reflective LCD. The main function of USB is communication, which transfers the data information of the three-dimensional object to the SPC and stores the information in the static memory (SRAM). The SPC converts the received data into a computer-made hologram CGH, which in turn transmits a CGH to a frame buffer in the LCD controller, and the frame buffer uses Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (SDRAM). The LCD controller controls the reflective LCD to display the fringes in the CGH. When the light wave is reproduced through the LCD, the LCD will display the reconstructed three-dimensional image. The disadvantage of this system is that the diffraction angle of light from 500nm to 700nm on the LCD surface is only about 3 degrees, so the reconstructed three-dimensional image has a small visible area. The solution is to expand the display area of CGH. Appropriate multiplexer units can be added to the optical system.

Holographic technology based on new materials: In February 2008, the University of Arizona in the United States studied an erasable 3D holographic display technology that erases and updates images in minutes. This holographic display has both updatable and three-dimensional memory capabilities. With a display size of 4 x 4 inches, the device can view images without the need for special glasses, and a photopolymer can store three-dimensional images for hours. Photosensitive polymers currently available for holographic display utilize chemical reactions that are not recoverable. The key to the new device is the use of photoreactive polymer film materials based on photo-generated charge motion and trapping, which is reversible. A space charge field in which an interference pattern is reproduced is formed in the polymer by means of two coherent lasers and an externally applied electric field, and the space charge effect modifies the local refractive index such that the hologram is encoded in the form of a refractive index pattern. The ideal photorefractive polymer should have fast recording and low latency, but most of the existing polymers have the disadvantage that the recording disappears quickly. They developed a copolymerized synthetic material that minimizes the phase difference between functional components. The uniform distribution of the 532 nm laser redistributes the charge in the polymer, enabling the dissipation of the space charge field in a matter of minutes.

The above-mentioned "electronic holography" for realizing holographic three-dimensional imaging by modulation is an electronic form of a holographic image, which is A combination of holographic technology and electronic display technology. The basic principle is that the stored holographic interference image information is first presented on the electronic holographic display in the form of a holographic interference image, and finally the two-dimensional holographic image is formed by the reference light illuminating the display. In this process, the electronic holographic display functions like a holographic dry plate, and the reference light forms a two-dimensional holographic image in the space in front of or behind it after being modulated by the electronic holographic display. Unlike the holographic dry plate, the electronic holographic display can be rewritten in real time, and the reproduced two-dimensional holographic image can be changed in real time as the holographic interference image displayed by the electronic holographic display changes. Therefore, such holographic three-dimensional imaging technology can also be called an electronic "holographic dry" type. In order to achieve large format and image display, the structure of high-resolution electronic holographic displays (especially holographic TVs) requires a large device size (10~100mm) and a resolution of 1000~7000 strips/mm; and the required storage capacity is The terabit (10 ¹² bit) level, information processing and transmission speed is picosecond (frequency l~100GHz), which puts high demands on the hardware and data compression and transmission technology of computer and optical fiber communication.

The above several display systems are the main methods of holographic true three-dimensional display technology, and these technologies are not independent of each other, but are related to each other. Digital synthetic holography and technology are characterized by vivid colors, but the process is complex and dynamic display is difficult. The SLM-based holography technology has improved in dynamic display, but factors such as the size and resolution of the photoelectric reproducing device array, the reproduction of the image space, and the reproduction of image noise must be considered. Integrated electronic technology has great advantages in 3D computational holography of virtual objects. The main problem is that the visible area is small. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for realizing stereoscopic imaging based on forward or reverse mimicking the boundary condition of coherent light waves, formed in a plane, curved surface continuous or block distribution, or in a few Coherent but different phase or amplitude of light or direct light distributed in different planes, surfaces, or spaces, to simulate light waves emitted by actual objects or scenes, on the continuous plane, surface, or The distribution of phase and intensity in space, or on these separate planes, surfaces, or in stereoscopic space. These spots or direct light are diffracted and interfered to form a solid image by direct, scattering, diffracting, mixing, or passing through a lens. Or virtual image (three-dimensional image); when the phase and amplitude of each exiting light spot change, the solid or virtual image forming a stereoscopic shape also changes at the same time. When the phase and amplitude of each outgoing light spot continuously change, a continuously changing solid real image is formed or Virtual image.

In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention provides a method for three-dimensional imaging, including:

Generating coherent light;

The coherent light is transmitted to the imaging position by using a plurality of light guiding devices, and the light intensity and/or the phase of the coherent light are respectively modulated according to the image source data during the light conducting process, and the imaging pixels are continuous in the same plane and the curved surface Or a block distribution, or a continuous or block distribution in different planes, surfaces, spaces;

The coherent light is diffracted, interfered to form a real or virtual image of the stereo after being directly incident, scattered, diffracted, mixed or passed through the lens at the imaging position.

The apparatus for three-dimensional imaging provided by the present invention includes:

a coherent light generating device for generating coherent light; a multi-beam light guiding device for conducting the coherent light to an imaging position; the imaging pixels are continuously or block-distributed in the same plane, curved surface, or continuously or in blocks in different planes, curved surfaces, spaces;

a light emphasizing module, configured to modulate a light intensity of the coherent light according to image source data;

a phase modulation module, configured to modulate a phase of the coherent light according to image source data;

The three-dimensional imaging module is configured to diffract and interfere to form a solid real image or a virtual image after the coherent light is directly emitted, scattered, diffracted, mixed or passed through the lens at an imaging position.

The invention utilizes the light-conducting device to directly simulate the forward or reverse transmission boundary condition of the coherent light wave to realize stereoscopic imaging, and the light emitted from the solid object can be forward or reversely simulated by the light-conducting device in a plane or a curved surface continuously or in blocks, or The phase and intensity (sampling) distribution of a continuous or block-distributed position on several different planes, surfaces, or spaces. These spots are directly, scattered, diffracted, mixed, or passed through a lens, and are diffracted and interfered to form a solid Real image or virtual image (three-dimensional image). At the same time, the smaller the lateral size of the light-conducting device, the denser the imaging image pixels; the larger the number of light-conducting devices, the larger the plane, curved surface or spatial screen, the larger the stereoscopic image, or the same as the image size. The richer the spatial details; at the same time, since the device for adjusting, controlling the light intensity and phase is not in the imaging position, the image resolution is not affected by the size of the device for adjusting the light intensity and phase, and the intensity of each beam of light emitted from the imaging position is not affected. Other beam effects can be adjusted independently. The device for adjusting the light intensity and phase has no size requirement, and more control circuits can be integrated, and the light intensity and phase of all or multiple beams can be adjusted at the same time, thereby realizing high-speed display. And it is possible to introduce a plurality of beams of the same frequency to increase the picture or enhance the image details or to introduce light of different frequencies to form a color display without interfering with each other. In addition, the coherent light is transmitted to a plurality of separate planes, curved surfaces or spatial ranges by the light-conducting device to form dense coherent light exit points, and the stereoscopic image can be formed at multiple angles and in multiple directions to prevent image loss caused by the viewer's occlusion. The method can also implement holographic imaging.

DRAWINGS

1 is a principle of realizing stereoscopic imaging according to the present invention: at an imaging position, light scattering or diffraction of each light-conducting device interferes with each other, so that light intensity in different directions of the same point is different, and the observer sees different images in both eyes, and looks at different positions. The images arrived are also different.

2 is a principle of realizing stereo imaging according to the present invention: Light at any point in the front space of the imaging position is the result of interference of light emitted from all points of the imaging position, so that the light intensity in different directions of the same point is different, and the observer sees different images in both eyes. The images seen in different locations are also different.

Figure 3 is an embodiment of a coherent light beam expanding device.

4 to 7 are schematic diagrams showing the principle of several embodiments for modulating the intensity of coherent light, respectively.

Figure 8 is an embodiment of modulating the intensity of coherent light in a light-conducting device: Fiber-optic anamorphic light fixture. Figure 9 shows the calculation of the coherent light 3 through a transparent parallel medium 11 , changing the angle between the plane perpendicular and the coherent light, and the coherent light beam shift and optical path change.

Figure 10 is a view of coherent light 3 perpendicular to one face of a pair of wedges 12 having the same wedge angle, through a wedge-shaped cylindrical optical medium, parallel gap, emerging from the corresponding surface of the other wedge-shaped optical medium, by changing the wedge-shaped optical medium A schematic diagram of an embodiment of changing the position and optical path of the exiting light when there is a parallel gap between 12.

Figure 11 is a view of the coherent light 3 perpendicular to one face of the wedge pair 12 having the same wedge angle, through a wedge-shaped cylindrical optical medium, parallel gap, emerging from the corresponding surface of the other wedge-shaped optical medium, by changing the wedge-shaped optical medium 12 The calculation of the coherent beamlet shift and the optical path change is explained by the parallel gap.

Figure 12 shows that the coherent light 3 is incident perpendicular to one face of the wedge pair 12 having the same wedge angle, through a symmetrical wedge-shaped cylindrical optical medium, a parallel gap, emerging from the opposite surface of the other wedge-shaped optical medium, incident light at different positions, The optical path is equal.

Figures 13 and 14 are schematic views of an embodiment of modulating the phase of the coherent light, respectively.

Figure 15 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of a device for coherent light 3 passing through a transparent parallel medium 11 to modify the phase of the coherent light and to translate the coherent light by varying the angle between the plane of the medium and the coherent light.

Figure 16 is an embodiment of a scheme for varying the pitch of wedge media.

Figure 17 is an embodiment of a wedge-shaped pair of varying coherent optical pathlength and translational beamlet coherent optical devices.

Fig. 18 is a view showing an embodiment of a method and apparatus for forming a coherent optical wave surface stereoscopic imaging using a light-conducting device, and an embodiment having a plurality of coherent light sources. Figure 18a is a schematic diagram showing an overall structural embodiment of a method and apparatus for forming a plurality of separate coherent optical surface stereoscopic imaging using a light-conducting device.

Figure 19 is a schematic view showing an overall structural embodiment in which the length of the light-conducting device is zero. Figures 19a and 19b are examples of a plurality of frequency coherent light sources when the length of the light-conducting device is zero.

Figure 20 shows that the coherent light 3 is split into two beams. After the first beam is expanded, the light intensity and phase are modulated by the light-conducting device. The second beam is beam-expanded, directly deflected, and then partially coherent light meets and interferes to form a stereoscopic image. An embodiment.

Figure 21 is an embodiment of the non-modulated coherent light and modulated coherent optical intersection scheme of the embodiment of Figure 20.

In the picture:

1 is a coherent light source, 2 is a controllable baffle, 3 is coherent light, 3La is a laser beam, 3b is coherent light with modulated light intensity and phase, 3c is uniform coherent light, 4 is a coherent optical beam expanding device, 5 is Light intensity adjustment device, 6 is phase adjustment device, 7 is light transmission device, 7a is optical fiber, 7b is sensitive fiber, 8 is scattering and diffractive device, 9, 9-1, 9-2 is lens, 9f is focus, 10 For electric and magnetostrictive devices (micro-displacers), 10a is a piezoelectric ceramic tube, 10b is a piezoelectric ceramic micro-displacer, 11 is a parallel optical medium, 12, 12a, 12b are wedge-shaped columnar optics with the same wedge angle The pair of media, the light is incident perpendicular to one side of the wedge shape, 12f is a fixed wedge shape, 12m is a micro-motion wedge shape, 13 is a device capable of adjusting light transmittance, such as LCD, 14 is a controllable telescopic baffle, and 15 is a spectroscopic device. 16 is a light redirecting device, 17 is a flat optical glass single mirror, 18a is an upper toothed plate, and 18b is a lower toothed plate. 19 is an entrance hole or port, 20 is an exit hole or port, 21 is a fixed casing, 22 is a fixing device, 23 is a fixed bracket, 24 is a fixed hinge, 25 is a five-dimensional adjustable bracket, and 26 is a sliding rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments to enable those skilled in the art to The invention is better understood and can be practiced without departing from the scope of the invention.

The present invention uses a light-conducting device to conduct coherent light generated by a coherent light generating device to an imaging position to form a coherent pixel, wherein the coherent light refers to light having a fixed phase relationship in optical paths of several tens of wavelengths or more (hereinafter referred to as phase The optical path of the fixed relationship is the coherence distance, the larger the coherence distance is, the better the effect is, but the higher the cost); the light-conducting device is one type that can be bent or folded to allow light to pass through the surface and/or inside multiple times. The refraction, reflection, or total emission is non-destructive or lossless, and the light is transmitted from one point to another without interference (for example, from the light source to the imaging position to form a pixel), and at the imaging position, the size of the exit point coherent beam a flexible device capable of independently adjusting the intensity and phase of the light in each of the light-conducting devices for conducting the coherent light to the imaging pixel position; Very little loss means going through a straight or curved path, for example

0.01~1 m, the light intensity loss is small, for example, only 5~95% light intensity is lost; the mutual non-interference refers to the coherent light in different light-conducting devices (regardless of how close they are in space) Do not interfere with each other; the imaging position refers to a dense coherent light exit point formed in one or some continuous or separate planes, curved surfaces or spatial extents, and the intensity and phase of each point can be independently adjusted; The coherent light exit point means that the size of each exit point and the distance between the exit points are small; the imaging position includes a plane, a curved surface, and a spatial range having a depth, and the plane, the surface or the space simulates the light emitted by the object in the plane. The phase and intensity distribution of the surface or space; the intensity and phase of the coherent light in each fiber are separately modulated according to the image source data; the coherent light is directly, scattered, diffracted, mixed or passed through the lens, and the diffraction and interference form a solid Real or virtual image (three-dimensional image).

As shown in Fig. 1, when the coherent light is emitted from the light-conducting device, the light beam is slightly diverged due to the diffraction, but if the light guiding device has a relatively large diameter, the divergence angle is small. If the aperture of the light-conducting device is very thin, or by the diffraction and scattering means in the following embodiments, diffraction, scattering, and interference occur between the outgoing light of each conductive material, thereby forming each point at the imaging position, each point of each point. When the directional light intensity is different, the images seen by the observer's eyes are different, and the images seen by the rotation angle and the moving position are also different, which is a typical stereoscopic image. It can also be considered that the image of each point of the spatial position seen by the viewer is the result of interference or superposition of all the outgoing light at the imaging position at this point (the optical interference of the optical path difference within the coherence distance, superimposed outside the coherence distance) , (as shown in Figure 2), makes the observer feel that the light is emitted from a range with a relatively large depth of field away from the imaging position, that is, a stereo real image or a virtual image.

When a lens is used, after passing through the lens, the outgoing light in different directions at the exit of different light-conducting devices will meet at different points in the space, and the interference will form a light-dark distribution of the space, that is, a solid real image or a virtual image. One embodiment is where the imaging position is at the focal plane of the lens (the focal plane is typically not planar due to the presence of non-paraxial aberrations, chromatic aberration, etc.).

One type of embodiment of a coherent light generating device, i.e., a coherent light source, is a laser, such as a semiconductor laser, a dye laser, or a fiber laser; another type of embodiment is a monochromatic light source of sufficiently good monochromaticity.

When the coherent light source is a point source or other light source having a smaller cross-sectional area, the beam expanding device enables the coherent light to enter the corresponding light guiding device at the same time. One embodiment of the beam expanding device is a lens group (as shown in the figure). 3), such as Galileo beam expander, Kepler beam expander, etc.

The light-conducting device may be an optical fiber or a plastic optical fiber. Among them, the optical fiber is inorganic glass, and the light loss is better. Small; plastic optical fiber is an organic plastic type, and the light loss is large. The principle of transmitting light is the same.

An embodiment of the above coherent light entering the light-emitting device is: the light-conducting device uses a plurality of fibers of the same length and the same length, and the laser beam expanding device has the same optical path, polarization direction and propagation direction, and the light intensity is uniform; All the fibers are arranged in the direction of laser propagation immediately after the beam expander and are slightly inclined. The laser enters the fiber in the same paraxial direction; the laser is emitted from the fiber after multiple times of full emission in the fiber, and the fibers are arranged neatly and in the same direction. , all outgoing light has the same optical path, polarization direction and direction of propagation and light intensity.

After the beam expanding device (if the beam expanding device is required), the coherent light intensity is modulated before entering the light guiding device; the coherent light intensity can also be modulated between the two segments of the light conducting device; Or, after the coherent light leaves the light-conducting device, the coherent light intensity is modulated before reaching the imaging position.

As shown in Fig. 4, one embodiment of modulating the intensity of the coherent light is to change the coherent light intensity by changing the transmittance of the medium by passing the coherent light through a medium that can change the transmittance, such as liquid crystal. Another embodiment of modulating the intensity of the coherent light is to cause the coherent light to pass through a controllable occlusion device to change the intensity of the coherent light by varying the occlusion range. As shown in FIG. 5, a plurality of light-conducting devices can be used to form one pixel, and the light-conducting device blocked by the baffle has no coherent light to enter, and the number of light-conducting light-conducting devices is changed by the controllable baffle 14 to modulate Coherent light intensity.

The above three embodiments may modulate the coherent light intensity before the coherent light enters the light conducting device after the beam expanding device (if the beam expanding device is required); or the coherent light intensity may be modulated between the two segments of the light conducting device; After the coherent light leaves the light-conducting device, the coherent light intensity is modulated before reaching the imaging position.

Yet another implementation of modulating the intensity of the coherent light between the two sections of light-conducting means is to pass the coherent light through the two-stage light-conducting means, wherein a section of the light-conducting means is translatable, and by translating the light-conducting means, changing from a section of light-conducting The beam width of the device enters another segment of the light-conducting device, changing the intensity of the coherent light. Figure 6 shows an embodiment: a section of the light-conducting device is mounted on a five-dimensional adjustment bracket, and another section of the light-conducting device is mounted on a two-dimensionally adjustable piezoelectric ceramic ring to change the voltage across the piezoelectric ceramic. The position of the conducting device can be adjusted up, down, left and right, thereby changing the amount of light entering the conductive material from the previous section of the light-conducting device, that is, changing the light intensity.

Another embodiment for modulating the intensity of the coherent light between the two sections of light-conducting means is shown in Figures 7 and 13, in which the coherent light passes through the two-stage light-conducting means 7, and the two-stage light-conducting means 7 has a transparent Parallel medium 11, the direction of the coherent light is unchanged, changing the angle between the vertical plane of the medium and the coherent light, the position of the beam of light passing through the parallel medium will move (as shown in Figure 13), by changing the plane perpendicular and the coherent light clip The angle changes the coherent beam width of the first section of the light-conducting device from the previous section of the light-conducting device, thereby modulating the coherent light intensity.

Figure 9 shows the positional shift of the beamlet light from the parallel medium and the change of the optical path of the coherent light when the coherent beam of light passes through a transparent parallel medium 11 to change the angle between the plane perpendicular and the coherent light.

As shown in Figure 9, the coherent optical path length of the parallel medium with a refractive index of n is increased by not passing through the parallel medium (n. is the refractive index of the air).

( n ₀ Li+n ₀ L ₂ +nL ) - ( n ₀ Li+noL ₂ +noL' ) = nL- n ₀ L,

Where L^PL ₂ is the distance traveled before and after the coherent light enters the parallel medium, and the coherent light shifts x. L=d/cos( δ )

L'=Lcos( β - δ )

=d cos( β - δ )/ cos( δ )

x=Lsin( β - δ )

=d sin( β - δ ) / cos( δ )

δ =arcsin(nOsin β In)

Such as n ₀ = l , η = 1 · 55 ,

When β = 10. , δ =6.4324° L=1.006335d, L'=1.004385d, x=0.06262034d;

When β = 11 ° , δ = 7.0712 ° , L = 1.007664d , L ' = 1.005296d , x = 0.076904188d;

Therefore, when the angle β of the parallel medium increases from 10° to 11°, the optical path difference increases.

Δ ( nL- n ₀ L' ) =0.00114895d

Coherent beam shift

For example, if d=lmm, the optical path difference is increased by 1148.95 nm. Considering that the visible light wavelength is between 400 and 700 nm, the optical path difference can be changed by at least one wavelength by changing the angle between the vertical plane of the medium plane and the coherent light. The modulation requirement, at this time, the coherent beam is shifted by 6.42154 μ η, so that the beam width of the light-conducting device can be increased or decreased by offset, thereby modulating the light intensity.

Another embodiment for modulating the intensity of the coherent light between the two sections of light-conducting means is shown in Figure 10. A pair of wedge-shaped cylindrical optical media 12 having the same wedge angle form a parallel gap (in this case, the two pairs of wedge-shaped wedge faces are parallel ), the coherent light 3 is incident perpendicular to one surface of the wedge shape, and emerges from the corresponding surface of the other wedge-shaped cylindrical optical medium. When the gap of the wedge-shaped cylindrical optical medium 12 is changed (maintained in parallel), the position of the thin beam light moves, and the wedge shape is changed by changing. The gap of the cylindrical optical medium 12 changes the coherent beam width from the previous section of the light-conducting device into the latter section of the light-conducting device, thereby modulating the coherent light intensity.

Fig. 11 shows the positional shift of the beamlet light from the other parallel wedge shape and the change of the optical path length of the coherent light when the coherent beamlets are vertically incident on the parallel wedge 12a, changing the pitch of the parallel wedges.

First, Figure 12 demonstrates that any two beams of normally incident parallel light have equal optical paths in parallel wedges.

Secondly, it can be analyzed from Fig. 11 that when the wedge shape 12a is not moved and the wedge shape 12b is moved, the optical path variation is calculated as follows: (where d is the wedge pitch, n _Q and n respectively are the refractive indices of the air and the wedge medium)

The wedge 12b moves in the X direction by Δ Χ, and the parallel wedge pitch d changes to

A d= A X*cos δ

The optical path in the wedge 12a is constant, and the air path length in the gap is increased.

Δ L _ab =n ₀ * Δ d/cos β =η ₀ * Δ X*cos δ /cos β

Reduced optical path length in wedge 12b

Δ Li2b=n* Δ X*cos δ * cos ( β - α ) / cos β δ = π/2-α

The total optical path is changed to

△ L=[n ₀ *cos δ /cos β - η* cos δ * cos ( β - α ) / cos β ]*ΔΧ

And n*sin α =n ₀ *sin β, α = π /2- δ, so sin β =η* sin α /η ₀ , cos β =sqrt ( 1- sin ² β ) Therefore cos δ = n ₀ * Sin β In,

△ L = ( n ₀ ² /n ) tg β [1- (n/n ₀ ) *cos ( β- α ) ]*ΔΧ

△ L = ( n ₀ ² /n ) tg β [1- (n/n ₀ ) * ( cos a *cos β +sin a *sin β ) ) ]* ΔΧ

The beam moves in the -X direction

AY=AX*cos6* sin ( β - a ) / cos β

= ( n ₀ /n ) * tg β * sin ( β - a ) * ΔΧ

= ( n ₀ /n ) * tg β * ( sin β * cos a - cos β * sin a ) *△ X

For nano-yellow, the refractive index of the crystal is 1.55, the diamond is 2.42, the glass is 1.5-1.9 according to the composition, taking n=1.55, n ₀ = l, the wedge refractive index n, the wedge angle a, the relative optical path change AL/ AX, relative beam offset

△ Υ / Δ Χ relationship is as follows

One embodiment of modulating the intensity of coherent light within a light-conducting device is a fiber-optic deformed light fixture. It consists of a deformer and a sensitive fiber driven by an electrically and magnetically driven micro-displacer (one embodiment of the micro-displacement is a piezoelectric ceramic micro-displacer, another embodiment is a rare earth giant magnetostrictive material). As shown in Fig. 8, the deformer is usually composed of a pair of toothed plates of mechanical period A, and the sensitive optical fibers pass through the middle of the toothed shape to produce periodic bending under the action of the toothed plates. When the toothed plate is driven to different positions by the micro-displacer, the degree of microbend of the optical fiber changes accordingly, and the loss of the coherent light changes, resulting in a change in the output optical power, thereby realizing the function of the microbend accentuator.

The phase of the coherent light can be modulated before the coherent light enters the light-conducting device, or the phase of the coherent light can be modulated between the two-stage light-conducting device, and can also enter the imaging position in the light-conducting device or after the coherent light leaves the light-conducting device. , Modulate the phase of the coherent light.

One embodiment of modulating the phase of the coherent light is as shown in Fig. 13. The coherent light 3 passes through a transparent parallel medium 11 and the direction of the coherent light is unchanged. The optical path of the coherent light in the medium is adjusted by changing the angle between the vertical plane of the medium and the coherent light. The phase of the coherent light. Another embodiment of modulating the phase of the coherent light is as shown in FIG. 10, the coherent light 3 is incident perpendicular to one face of the wedge, and exits from the opposite surface of the other wedge-shaped optical medium through the symmetrical wedge-shaped cylindrical optical medium 12, by changing the wedge-shaped cylindrical optical medium 12 In the gap, the optical path of the outgoing light in the medium is changed, thereby adjusting the phase of the coherent light.

The above two embodiments may modulate the phase of the coherent light before the coherent light enters the light-conducting device after the beam expanding device (if the beam expanding device is required); the phase of the coherent light may also be modulated between the two segments of the light-conducting device; After the light leaves the light-conducting device, the phase of the coherent light is modulated before reaching the imaging position.

One embodiment of modulating the phase of the coherent light in the light-conducting device is as shown in FIG. 14. The coherent light passes through the optical fiber, and a part of the optical fiber is surrounded by two smooth objects, and the smooth object is sandwiched between electric and magnetic fields to change the spacing of the smooth objects. Substance 10, by changing the spacing of the smoothed object, changing the length of the fiber, that is, changing the optical path of the coherent light, thereby modulating the phase of the coherent light.

A more specific embodiment is a stable fiber phase modulator with a large optical range scanning range. A cylinder is split into two halves, and a micro-displacer is used in the middle (one embodiment of the micro-displacement device is a piezoelectric ceramic micro-displacement device, and another embodiment is a rare earth giant magnetostrictive material), and the optical fiber is wound around the cylinder. A fiber tensile structure is formed. A driving voltage or a magnetic field is applied to the micro-positioner to cause a telescopic motion, and the wound optical fiber is stretched or contracted, causing a periodic change in the optical path of the transmitted light wave to realize optical phase modulation.

The more the number of windings of the fiber on the fiber phase modulator, the larger the range of optical path scanning, and the number of winding turns is limited by the maximum thrust of the micro-displacer and the Young's modulus of the fiber. Therefore, according to the optical path adjustment range, Choose the right piezoelectric ceramic and the number of winding turns. The optical path difference must be at least Ι μ ηι, and the optical path is equal to the product of the geometric path and the refractive index, so that the minimum displacement of the micro-displacer can be obtained.

2Μ · η

Where OPD is the optical path difference; M is the number of winding turns; n is the core refractive index of the fiber.

Using a transparent parallel medium 11 to modulate the coherent light in the medium by changing the angle between the plane of the medium and the coherent light An embodiment of an application device that adjusts the phase of the coherent light, or by changing the beam shift distance, and changes the beam size into the photoconductive material, thereby changing the intensity of the coherent light, as shown in Figure 15, the parallel medium is fixed by a fixed hinge or an elastic bearing. On the base, a micro-displacer (one embodiment of the micro-displacement device is a piezoelectric ceramic micro-displacement device, and another embodiment is a rare earth giant magnetostrictive material) is also fixed on the base, and the parallel medium has a sliding rod at the other end. Putting (or pressing) on the micro-displacer, changing the voltage, the micro-displacer micro-expanding, thereby changing the angle between the medium plane and the coherent light.

The coherent light 3 is perpendicular to a pair of wedge-shaped optical surfaces having the same wedge angle and corresponding to the parallel plane, and is emitted from the corresponding surface of the other wedge-shaped optical medium through the symmetric wedge-shaped cylindrical optical medium 12, and the gap of the wedge-shaped optical medium 12 is changed. When the position of the beamlet light is moved, the coherent beam width of the first section of the light-conducting device is changed by changing the gap of the wedge-shaped columnar optical medium 12, thereby modulating the coherent light intensity, or changing through the pair. The pitch of the wedges, the optical path of the coherent light, and the manner in which the phase of the coherent light is modulated are various. Figure 16 shows eight embodiments of the pitch changing scheme.

Figure 17 shows an embodiment of a device that uses a wedge pair to change the optical path to modulate the phase or translate the beamlet to change the intensity of light entering the photoconductive material: a wedge is fixed to the base according to different options for changing the wedge spacing. A wedge is fixed on the micro-displacer (one embodiment of the micro-displacer is a piezoelectric ceramic micro-displacer, another embodiment is a rare earth giant magnetostrictive material), the micro-displacer is fixed on the base; or two wedges are formed Each is fixed on a micro-displacer (one embodiment of the micro-displacement device is a piezoelectric ceramic micro-displacement device, and another embodiment is a rare earth giant magnetostrictive material), and the micro-displacer is fixed on the base to drive the micro-displacer, It is possible to change the wedge pitch to achieve the purpose of modulating the phase or intensity.

In the present invention, only the coherent light intensity may be modulated as needed, or only the phase of the coherent light may be modulated, or the intensity and phase of the coherent light may be simultaneously modulated.

The phase difference due to the length error of the light-conducting device and the phase difference caused by changing the light intensity, as well as the phase difference caused by other factors, can be compensated by adjusting the phase of the coherent light. On the contrary, due to the difference in light intensity loss caused by the length error of the light-conducting device and the difference in light intensity loss caused by changing the phase and the difference in light intensity caused by other factors, it can be compensated by adjusting the intensity of the coherent light.

Specifically, when the occurrence is not in accordance with the image source data requirements, but the phase error occurs due to some factors, the phase difference needs to be compensated. For example, the length error of the light-conducting device will bring about phase inconsistency. When the light intensity is changed, the phase will also change, and the temperature unevenness and the degree of bending of the light-conducting device will also bring about the phase difference. When a phase difference occurs, the phase difference can be compensated by adjusting the phase of the coherent light as described above.

For the same reason, when the occurrence is not in accordance with the image source data requirements, but the light intensity error occurs due to some factors, the light intensity difference needs to be compensated. For example, the length error of the light-conducting device will bring the light intensity inconsistency, and the light intensity will also change when the phase is changed. The temperature unevenness and the bending degree of the light-conducting device will also bring the light intensity difference. When the light intensity difference occurs, the light intensity difference can be compensated by adjusting the intensity of the coherent light as described above.

A scattering device can be mounted in front of each light-conducting device at the imaging location. One embodiment of a scattering device is a ground glass bead.

It is also possible to mount a diffraction hole in front of each light-conducting device at the imaging position. One embodiment of the diffractive aperture is a circular aperture sized to be comparable to the wavelength of the coherent light, and another embodiment is a slit perpendicular to the line connecting the viewer's eyes. It is also possible to mount an optical lens in front of the imaging position. One embodiment is where the imaging location is on the focal plane of the optical lens.

The scattering device, the diffraction hole, and the lens may be used alone or in combination of two or two. It can also be used without, and the direct coherent light directly interferes with the space to form a stereoscopic image.

In order to avoid image chaos caused by light intensity and phase adjustment, a controllable baffle can be installed at the front, rear or middle of the light-conducting device. The controllable baffle is closed when the coherent light adjusts the light intensity and phase. turn on. In addition, it is also possible to use a coherent light source with controllable illumination, which does not emit light when the light intensity and phase are adjusted, and emits light after adjustment. One embodiment is to speed up the door in front of the light source.

Multiple coherent light sources can be used to solve the problem of large image range or insufficient coherent light intensity (as shown in Figure 18). The coherent light of each source modulates the light intensity and phase through a set of light conducting devices. The imaging locations formed by each source can be grouped together or interlaced.

The imaging positions formed by the different coherent light sources may together form the same image, or may each form a different image.

One embodiment of determining the imaging position is to determine whether the imaging positions formed by each of the light sources are gathered together or interlaced according to the state at the time of imaging.

Coherent light sources of multiple colors can be used to solve the problem of color display. The coherent light of each color source modulates the light intensity and phase through a set of light-conducting devices. The imaging locations formed by each set of color sources may be grouped together or interlaced. A multi-color coherent light source is used, each of which uses multiple coherent light sources, and the coherent light of each light source modulates the light intensity and phase through a set of light-conducting devices. The imaging locations formed by each of the light sources may be grouped together or interlaced.

Fig. 18 is a view showing an embodiment of a method and apparatus for forming a solid image or a virtual image (three-dimensional image) by diffraction, interference, formation of a solid image or a virtual image (three-dimensional image) by directing, scattering, diffracting, mixing or passing through a lens by using a light-conducting device. The laser light 3 is emitted from the plurality of coherent light sources 1 through the control of the controllable baffle 2, expanded by the beam expanding device 4, modulated by the light emphasizing device 5 and the phase modulating device 6, respectively, and enters the light guiding device 7 to reach the imaging. Position 8 and finally form a stereo image through the lens.

Figure 18a is an embodiment of a method and apparatus for forming a plurality of separate imaging positions using a light-conducting device, directing, scattering, diffracting, mixing or passing through a lens, diffracting, interfering to form a solid real or virtual image (three-dimensional image) schematic diagram. The laser light 3 is emitted from the single or multiple coherent light sources 1 through the control of the controllable baffle 2, passes through the beam splitting device 15 and the steering device 16, and is respectively expanded by the beam expanding device 4, and then passed through the respective light emphasizing devices 5 and The phase modulation means 6 modulate, enters the respective light-conducting means 7, reaches the respective imaging position 8, and finally forms a stereoscopic image through the respective lenses.

The splitter device 15 may be a semi-lens, and the light redirecting device 16 may be a mirror.

Another embodiment of forming a plurality of separate imaging locations using light-conducting means, directing, scattering, diffracting, mixing, or passing through a lens, diffracting, interfering to form a solid real image or a virtual image (three-dimensional image) is as follows: from single or multiple coherence The light source 1 emits laser light 3 by the control of the controllable baffle 2, is expanded by the beam expanding device 4, and is respectively modulated by the light emphasizing device 5 and/or the phase modulating device 6, or by the grouped light emphasizing device 5 and / or phase modulation The modulation is set to 6, and then through the grouped light-conducting means 7, to the respective (separated) imaging positions 8, and finally a stereoscopic image is formed by the respective lenses.

It is also possible to simultaneously form a plurality of separate imaging positions by using the beam splitting device 15 and the steering device 16, and the grouped light-conducting devices 7, and directly, scatter, diffract, mix or pass through the lens, and diffract and interfere to form a solid real image or a virtual image (three-dimensional image) ).

Fig. 19 is a view showing another embodiment of a method and apparatus for forming a coherent optical wave surface stereoscopic imaging using a light-conducting device. The laser light 3 is emitted from the coherent light source 1 through the control of the controllable baffle 2, expanded by the beam expanding device 4, modulated by the light emphasizing device 5 and the phase modulating device 6, and then reaches the imaging position 8, and finally formed into a stereoscopic shape through the lens. image. Wherein, the length of the light-conducting device is zero, that is, does not pass through the light-conducting device.

In the above embodiment, when a plurality of colors of coherent light are used, one embodiment is to add a filter in front of or behind the device for adjusting the phase and intensity, or to use a dispersing device to make different colors of light pass differently. The phase and intensity adjustment device is shown in Figure 19a. One embodiment of the dispersing device is a triangular prism.

In the embodiment in which the length of the above-mentioned light-conducting device is zero, when a plurality of colors of coherent light are used, another embodiment is as shown in Fig. 19b: respectively, using a uniformly controlled shutter 2a/2b/ before the light source la/lb/lc or the like. 2c, etc., at the beginning, all the light source shutters 2 are closed, firstly adjust the phase and intensity of the light according to the phase and intensity required by the coherent light 3a emitted by the light source la, and at the same time, after the phase and light intensity adjustment are completed, the shutter 2a is opened. After the predetermined time is kept, the shutter 2a is closed; then all phases and intensity adjustment devices are adjusted according to the phase and intensity required by the coherent light 3b emitted by the light source lb, and at the same time, after the phase and light intensity adjustment are completed, the shutter 2b is opened, and the reservation is kept. After the time, the shutter 2b is closed; this cycle is repeated.

In the present invention, an embodiment for forming a stereoscopic image is to split the coherent light emitted from the same coherent light source into two beams, and then the beam is expanded by the above steps and adjusted by the light-conducting device (length is zero or non-zero). The light intensity and phase are emitted at the imaging position, and the other beam is turned and expanded to form a wide beam, coherent light with uniform light intensity and phase, and coherent light interference adjusted separately from the intensity and phase of the image exiting the image. After forming a stereo image.

As shown in FIG. 20, the coherent light 3 passes through the splitting device 15 and is divided into two. A part of the light ray 3-1 passes through the redirecting device 16, and after the beam expanding device 4, it is directly emitted, and the other portion 3-2 passes through the beam expanding device 4. After passing through the phase adjusting device 5, the light intensity adjusting device 6, and the light transmitting device, respectively, they are emitted and interfere with 3-1.

In the above embodiment, it is also possible to use a light-conducting device having the same length and without the light intensity and the phase adjusting device, and to form a coherent light having a wide beam and a light intensity and a uniform phase.

One embodiment in which the light intensity and phase modulated coherent light from the same source interfere with unmodulated uniform coherent light is one embodiment of the beam crossing, and another embodiment is that the beams are parallel. Figure 21 shows an embodiment of a beam parallel scheme in which the exiting light is reflected by a flat optical glass, and the coherent light of uniform intensity and phase is incident from the other side of the flat optical glass along the direction of reflection of the outgoing light at the imaging position. Then, interference occurs to form a stereo image.

In the above embodiments, when the intensity and phase of light in each of the light-conducting devices are continuously changed, a stereoscopic image of continuous motion is formed.

One implementation of the specific workflow of each of the above schemes is as follows (if only the intensity adjuster 5 or only the phase adjuster 6, only the light intensity adjuster 5 or the phase adjuster 6 is adjusted in the following process): When working for the first time, first Separate Corresponding phases of the respective coherent light sources are formed according to different arrangement modes of the imaging positions, and corresponding standard patterns are formed; secondly, the light intensity adjusters 5 corresponding to the respective coherent light sources are respectively adjusted to make corresponding patterns formed by the light emitted by the conducting device More standard; the above process may need to be repeated a number of times until the difference between the pattern and the standard pattern is less than a certain criterion. It can be considered that the phases of the outgoing light are the same and the light intensity is the same; note that the light intensity adjuster 5 and / Or the state of the phase adjuster 6 is compensated for as an error in the intensity and/or phase of the operation. When the image is displayed later, after the coherent light source 1 is stable or at the same time, all the light intensity adjusters 5 and/or the phase adjusters 6 are adjusted according to the image source data and the above-mentioned error compensation of the light intensity and/or phase to make the image forming position. The output light intensity and/or phase is consistent with the image source data, and the controllable baffle 2 is opened. The coherent light 3 is directly irradiated, scattered, diffracted, mixed or passed through the lens at the imaging position, and is diffracted and interfered to form a solid real image or a virtual image (3D image).

When continuously changing the intensity and phase of the light in each of the light-conducting devices to form a stereoscopic image of continuous motion, one implementation of the specific workflow is as follows (if only the light intensity adjuster 5 or only the phase adjuster 6 is used in the following process) Only the light intensity adjuster 5 or the phase adjuster 6) is adjusted: the light intensity and/or phase data of the image source are recorded in chronological order into groups, each group recording the light of each light intensity adjuster 5 or phase adjuster 6 at the same time. Strong and / or phase data, when displaying images, select a set of light intensity and / or phase data in chronological order, adjust the light intensity adjuster 5 or phase adjuster 6, after the adjustment is completed, open the controllable baffle 2, coherent light 3 After directing, scattering, diffracting, mixing or passing through the lens at the imaging position, diffracting, interfering to form a solid real image or virtual image (three-dimensional image) for a period of time, closing the controllable baffle 2; selecting the next set of light intensity and / or phase Data, adjust the intensity adjuster 5 or the phase adjuster 6. After the adjustment is completed, the controllable baffle 2 is opened, and the coherent light 3 is directly irradiated, scattered, diffracted, mixed or passed at the imaging position. After the mirror, the diffraction or interference forms a solid real image or a virtual image (three-dimensional image) for a period of time, and the controllable baffle 2 is closed; thus sequentially displaying, using the visual persistence phenomenon, forming a solid moving solid image or virtual image (three-dimensional image) ).

One embodiment of a control circuit that continuously changes the intensity and phase of light in each of the light-conducting devices to form a continuously moving stereo image is as follows:

光源Use light source shutter in conjunction with phase and / or light intensity controller: Each light intensity adjuster 5 and / or phase adjuster 6 has a drive module for driving the corresponding light intensity adjuster 5 and / or phase adjuster 6 Adjust in place and hold. All light intensity adjusters 5 and/or phase adjusters 6 have a control module that includes: a data receiving module, a memory module, a data processing and control module, a synchronization device, or a time controller. Alternatively, the intensity adjuster 5 and/or the phase adjuster 6 are grouped, each group has a control module, and all control modules have a total control module. The control module periodically or continuously receives the light intensity and/or phase data of all or the in-group light intensity adjuster 5 and/or the phase adjuster 6 at the next moment or several times, and stores; the synchronization device or the time controller issues an instruction, the light source The shutter is closed, and the data processing and control module adjusts the light intensity adjuster 5 and/or the phase adjuster 6 under the control of the light intensity and/or phase data at the next moment or moments stored, and the last light intensity adjuster 5 After the adjustment of the phase adjuster 6 and/or the phase adjuster 6, an adjustment completion message is issued. When grouping, the control module sends the respective completion information to the total control module, and the total control module sends the completion information after receiving the completion information of all the sub-control modules. After receiving the adjustment completion message from the control module or the general control module, the light source shutter opens until the next synchronization device or time controller issues an instruction.

Considering that the actual object is unlikely to be teleported, the image is continuously changing, that is, the phase and the light intensity are continuously changed. Therefore, the light intensity and phase data corresponding to the light intensity adjuster 5 and the phase adjuster 6 are continuous or quasi-time. Continuously, the light intensity and phase data are continuous or quasi-continuous in time, referring to the light intensity adjuster 5 and the phase adjuster 6 from a moment The intensity and phase of the light are adjusted to the intensity and phase of the next moment, and the time taken is less than a certain judgment value (such as an eye-resolvable time interval). Therefore, when continuously changing the intensity and phase of light in each of the light-conducting devices to form a stereoscopic image of continuous motion, another embodiment of a specific workflow is as follows (if only the light intensity adjuster 5 or only the phase adjuster 6 is under In the process, only the light intensity adjuster 5 or the phase adjuster 6 is adjusted: according to the light intensity and/or phase data of the image source, all the light intensity adjusters 5 and/or the phase adjusters 6 are simultaneously adjusted synchronously or quasi-synchronously, The controllable baffle 2 is not used. Simultaneously adjusting all of the intensity adjusters 5 and/or the phase adjusters 6 simultaneously means starting to adjust all of the light intensity adjusters 5 and/or the phase adjusters 6 simultaneously, at the same time ending, or although not simultaneously, but ending The time difference is less than a certain judgment value; the simultaneous adjustment of all the light intensity adjusters 5 and/or the phase adjuster 6 in synchronism means that although not all the light intensity adjusters 5 and/or the phase adjusters 6 are simultaneously adjusted, The first intensity adjuster 5 and/or the phase adjuster 6 begins to adjust, and the time difference until the last intensity adjuster 5 and/or phase adjuster 6 ends the adjustment is less than a certain decision value.

One embodiment of simultaneously adjusting all of the light intensity adjusters 5 and/or phase adjusters 6 simultaneously is that each light intensity adjuster 5 and/or phase adjuster 6 has a control module comprising: a data receiving module, a memory module , data processing and control module, light intensity adjuster 5 and/or drive module of phase adjuster 6, synchronization device. The control module receives the light intensity and/or phase data periodically or continuously and stores it; the data processing and control modules of all the light intensity adjusters 5 and/or phase adjusters 6 are triggered by the synchronization device (can be the module internal/external clock) Triggering, or external signal triggering, synchronously controlling the intensity adjuster 5 and/or phase according to the light intensity and/or phase data of the present intensity adjuster 5 and/or the phase adjuster 6 stored at the next time stored by the storage module The drive module of the regulator 6 begins to adjust the light intensity and/or phase, maintains the light intensity and phase state after the connection is completed, the control module stands by, waiting to receive the stored data and the next adjustment.

One embodiment of simultaneously adjusting all of the intensity adjusters 5 and/or phase adjusters 6 in a quasi-synchronous manner is that all of the intensity adjusters 5 and/or phase adjusters 6 are divided into groups, each set from the first intensity adjustment The controller 5 and/or the phase adjuster 6 start to adjust, and the time difference until the last intensity adjuster 5 and/or the phase adjuster 6 ends the adjustment is less than a certain judgment value. Each set of intensity adjusters 5 and/or phase adjusters 6 has a control module comprising: a data receiving module, a memory module, a data processing and control module, a synchronizing device, each intensity adjuster 5 and/or phase adjustment The device 6 has a drive module. The control module receives the light intensity and/or phase data periodically or continuously and stores it; all groups of data processing and control modules are triggered by the synchronization device (can be triggered by the module internal/external clock, or an external signal), according to the storage module Store the light intensity and/or phase data of the group at the next moment, and sequentially control the driving module of the light intensity adjuster 5 and/or the phase adjuster 6 to adjust the light intensity and/or phase, and maintain the light intensity after the adjustment is completed. Phase state, when all the light intensity adjusters 5 and/or phase adjusters 6 in the group are connected, the group control module stands by, waiting to receive the stored data and the next adjustment.

It should be noted that the difference between the experience of using the light source shutter and the non-shutter shutter synchronization or quasi-synchronization technology is: When the object is moving fast, if the light intensity and phase adjustment are not fast enough, the former shutter closing time will be longer, There is a sense of flickering and jumping, and the scene is dark; the latter will have some foggy or broken feeling in some scenes. When the lens is switched, the former will feel dark and then the scene will change; the latter will appear fog or the scene will be fragmented, and the scene will change when it is restored.

Claims

Claim

A method of three-dimensional imaging, comprising:

The coherent light generating device generates coherent light;

Conducting the coherent light to an imaging position by using a plurality of light-conducting devices, and separately modulating the intensity and/or phase of the coherent light according to image source data during light conduction; imaging pixels in the same plane, curved surface Continuous or block distribution, or continuous or block distribution in different planes, surfaces, spaces;

2. The three-dimensional imaging method according to claim 1, wherein the light-conducting device is an optical fiber or a plastic optical fiber.

The three-dimensional imaging method according to claim 1, wherein the coherent light is a laser.

The three-dimensional imaging method according to claim 1, wherein the intensity and/or phase of the coherent light is modulated before the coherent light enters the light-conducting device.

The three-dimensional imaging method according to claim 1, wherein the intensity and/or phase of the coherent light is modulated between the two sections of the light-conducting means.

The three-dimensional imaging method according to claim 1, wherein the intensity and/or phase of the coherent light is modulated after the coherent light leaves the light-conducting device.

The three-dimensional imaging method according to claim 1, wherein the light intensity and/or phase of the coherent light is modulated in the light-conducting device.

The three-dimensional imaging method according to claim 1, wherein the method of modulating the intensity of the coherent light is: passing coherent light through a medium that can change light transmittance, and changing coherent light by changing a transmittance of the medium. Light intensity.

9. The three-dimensional imaging method according to claim 1, wherein the method of modulating the intensity of the coherent light is: passing coherent light through a controllable blocking device, and changing a coherent light intensity by changing an occlusion range of the occlusion device. .

10. The three-dimensional imaging method according to claim 1, wherein the method of modulating the intensity of the coherent light is: passing the coherent light sequentially through the two-stage optical conduction device, wherein the one-segment optical transmission device is translatable, The light-conducting device translates to change the coherent beam width of the first-stage light-conducting device from the previous segment of the light-conducting device, thereby changing the coherent light intensity.

11. The three-dimensional imaging method according to claim 1, wherein the method of modulating the intensity of the coherent light is: passing the coherent light sequentially through the two-stage optical conduction device, and setting a piece between the two-stage optical conduction devices. A transparent parallel medium, by changing the angle between the plane of the medium and the coherent light, shifts the beam, and changes the coherent beam width of the first section of the light-conducting device from the previous section of the light-conducting device, thereby modulating the coherent light intensity.

12. The three-dimensional imaging method according to claim 1, wherein the method of modulating the intensity of the coherent light is: passing coherent light through a pair of transparent wedge-shaped media, the wedge-shaped faces of the wedge-shaped medium being parallel to each other, and the two wedge faces Parallel gaps are formed, light is incident perpendicularly from the end face of a wedge-shaped medium, enters another wedge-shaped medium through the parallel slit, and exits perpendicularly from the end face of the latter wedge-shaped medium, and the beam is translated by changing the spacing of the slits, changing from the previous one The segment light-conducting device enters the coherent beam width of the latter segment of the light-conducting device to modulate the coherent light intensity.

13. The three-dimensional imaging method according to claim 1, wherein the method of modulating the intensity of the coherent light is: transmitting a coherent light of the same pixel by using a plurality of light-conducting devices, and changing the conductance of the coherent light by changing The number of light-conducting devices, modulating the coherent light intensity.

14. The three-dimensional imaging method according to claim 1, wherein the method of modulating the intensity of the coherent light is: passing coherent light through an optical fiber, and a part of the optical fiber is sandwiched by a pair of optical fiber deformers, one of which or The two deformers are equipped with micro-displacers that can change the spacing of smooth objects by electric and/or magnetic fields. The fibers are deformed by changing the spacing of the deformers, thereby changing the loss of coherent light in the fiber, and modulating the coherent light intensity. .

15. The three-dimensional imaging method according to claim 1, wherein the method of modulating the phase of the coherent light is: passing coherent light through a transparent parallel medium, and modulating the coherent light by changing an angle between the plane of the medium and the coherent light. Phase.

16. The three-dimensional imaging method according to claim 1, wherein the method of modulating the phase of the coherent light is: passing coherent light through a pair of transparent wedge-shaped media, the wedge-shaped faces of the wedge-shaped medium being parallel to each other, and the two wedge-shaped faces A parallel slit is formed, the light is perpendicularly incident from the end face of a wedge-shaped medium, enters another wedge-shaped medium through the parallel slit, and exits perpendicularly from the end face of the latter wedge-shaped medium, and changes the spacing of the light to change the path of the light in the medium, and modulates Coherent light phase.

17. The three-dimensional imaging method according to claim 1, wherein the method of modulating the phase of the coherent light is: passing coherent light through an optical fiber, a part of the optical fiber is surrounded by two smooth objects, and a smooth object is sandwiched between A micro-displacer that changes the spacing of smooth objects by electric and/or magnetic fields, and stretches the optical fiber by changing the spacing of the smoothed objects, thereby changing the optical path of the coherent light in the optical fiber and modulating the phase of the coherent light.

18. The three-dimensional imaging method according to claim 1, further comprising: compensating for a phase difference required by the non-image source data by adjusting a phase of the coherent light.

19. The three-dimensional imaging method according to claim 1, further comprising: compensating for a light intensity difference required for non-image source data by adjusting a coherent light intensity.

20. The three-dimensional imaging method according to claim 1, wherein a scattering means or a diffraction hole is installed in front of each of the light guiding means at the imaging position.

21. The three-dimensional imaging method according to claim 1, wherein the optical lens is mounted before each of the light guiding means at the imaging position and/or before the entire imaging position.

22. The three-dimensional imaging method according to claim 1, wherein a controllable baffle is mounted in front of, behind or in the middle of the light-conducting device, and the controllable baffle is closed when the coherent light is intensity-modulated and phase-modulated; The controllable baffle opens after the modulation is completed.

The three-dimensional imaging method according to claim 1, wherein the coherent optical light source with controllable illumination is used to modulate the light intensity and phase without emitting light, and after the modulation is completed, the light is emitted.

24. The three-dimensional imaging method according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of light sources generating the coherent light are provided, and coherent light of each light source modulates light intensity and phase through a group of light conducting devices, different coherent light sources. The formed imaging positions may collectively form the same image, or may each form a different image.

25. The three-dimensional imaging method according to claim 1, wherein the coherent light has a plurality of colors, and the coherent light of each color modulates light intensity and phase through a group of light-conducting devices.

26. The three-dimensional imaging method according to claim 1, wherein the coherent light has a plurality of colors, and a plurality of light sources each generate coherent light of each color, and the coherent light of each light source passes through a group of light transmission. The device modulates the light intensity and phase.

27. The three-dimensional imaging method according to claim 1, wherein after the coherent light emitted from the same coherent light source is split into two beams, the first beam is expanded, and the light intensity and phase are separately modulated by the light-conducting device. The imaging position is emitted; after the second beam is turned and expanded, a wide beam of coherent light with uniform light intensity and phase is formed, or a plurality of beams of the same light-conducting device are formed to form a wide beam with coherent light of uniform intensity and phase, and imaging The first beam of coherent light emitted at the position interferes to form a stereoscopic image.

28. The method of claim 1 wherein the light conducting device has a length of zero.

29. The method according to claim 28, characterized in that, when a multi-color coherent light source is used, different color coherent light is passed through different light intensity and phase adjustment means by using a dispersion or filtering means.

30. The method according to claim 28, wherein when the multi-coherent light source is used, the incident light is controlled such that only the same light source or coherent light of the same color passes through the light intensity and phase adjusting means at the same time.

The three-dimensional imaging method according to claim 1, wherein the intensity and phase of the light in each of the light-conducting devices are continuously changed to form a stereoscopic image of continuous motion.

32. A device for three-dimensional imaging, comprising:

a coherent light generating module for generating coherent light;

a plurality of light-conducting devices are formed for conducting the coherent light to an imaging position; the imaging pixels are continuously or block-distributed in the same plane, curved surface, or continuously or in blocks in different planes, curved surfaces, spaces;

33. The device for three-dimensional imaging according to claim 32, wherein the light emphasizing module is a medium that can change light transmittance, and the coherent light passes through the medium that can change light transmittance, by changing the medium. The light transmittance changes the intensity of the coherent light.

The apparatus for three-dimensional imaging according to claim 32, wherein the light emphasizing module is a controllable blocking device, and the coherent light passes through the controllable blocking device, and the occlusion range of the occlusion device is changed. Coherent light intensity.

35. The apparatus for three-dimensional imaging according to claim 32, wherein the light emphasizing module is a two-stage optical transmission device, wherein a section of the light-conducting device is translatable, and the previous section is changed by translating the light-conducting device The light-conducting device enters the coherent beam width of the latter-stage light-conducting device, thereby changing the coherent light intensity.

36. The apparatus for three-dimensional imaging according to claim 32, wherein the light emphasizing module is a transparent parallel medium disposed between the two sections of light-conducting devices, by changing an angle between the plane of the medium and the coherent light. Make light The beam shifts to change the coherent beam width from the previous section of the light-conducting device into the latter section of the light-conducting device, thereby modulating the coherent light intensity.

37. The apparatus for three-dimensional imaging according to claim 32, wherein the light emphasizing module is a pair of transparent wedge-shaped media, the wedge-shaped surfaces of the wedge-shaped medium are parallel to each other, and the parallel gaps between the two wedge-shaped surfaces are formed. Vertically incident from the end face of a wedge-shaped medium, through a parallel slit into another wedge-shaped medium, and perpendicularly exiting from the end face of the latter wedge-shaped medium, by changing the spacing of the slits, shifting the beam, changing the light transmission from the previous section of the light-conducting device The coherent beam of the device is wide, thereby modulating the coherent light intensity.

38. The apparatus for three-dimensional imaging according to claim 32, wherein the light emphasizing module is a multi-beam light-conducting device that conducts coherent light of the same pixel, and changes conductive transmissive The number of light-conducting devices that modulate the coherent light intensity.

39. The device for three-dimensional imaging according to claim 32, wherein the light emphasizing module is: passing coherent light through an optical fiber, a part of the optical fiber is sandwiched by a pair of optical fiber deformers, one or two The deformer is equipped with a micro-displacer that can change the spacing of smooth objects by electric and/or magnetic fields, and deforms the optical fiber by changing the spacing of the deformers, thereby changing the loss of coherent light in the optical fiber and modulating the intensity of the coherent light.

40. The apparatus for three-dimensional imaging according to claim 32, wherein the phase modulation module is a transparent parallel medium, and the coherent light passes through the transparent parallel medium, and the angle between the medium plane and the coherent light is changed. Coherent light phase.

The device for three-dimensional imaging according to claim 32, wherein the phase modulation module is a pair of transparent wedge-shaped media, the wedge-shaped faces of the wedge-shaped medium are parallel to each other, and the parallel gaps between the two wedge-shaped faces are formed. The end face of a wedge-shaped medium is incident perpendicularly, passes through the parallel slit into another wedge-shaped medium, and exits perpendicularly from the end face of the latter wedge. By changing the spacing of the slits, the path of the light in the medium is changed, and the phase of the coherent light is modulated.

42. The apparatus for three-dimensional imaging according to claim 32, wherein the phase modulation module is an optical fiber that surrounds two smooth objects, and the smooth objects are sandwiched between electric and/or magnetic fields. A micro-displacer that smoothes the spacing of objects, stretching the fiber by changing the spacing of the smoothed objects, thereby changing the coherent optical path within the fiber, and modulating the phase of the coherent light.

43. A device for three-dimensional imaging according to claim 32, wherein the imaging position is preceded by a scattering device or a diffractive aperture in front of each of the light guiding devices.

44. Apparatus for three-dimensional imaging according to claim 32, wherein an optical lens is mounted in front of each of the light-conducting devices at the imaging position.

45. The apparatus for three-dimensional imaging according to claim 32, wherein a controllable baffle is mounted on the front, rear or middle of the light-conducting device, and the controllable baffle is closed when the coherent light is intensity-modulated and phase-modulated. After the modulation is completed, the controllable baffle is opened; or the coherent light source with controllable illumination is used to modulate the light intensity and phase without illuminating, and after the modulation is completed, the light is emitted.