WO2012121438A1

WO2012121438A1 - Method for recovering useful minerals from clastic resources such as sea sand and river sand

Info

Publication number: WO2012121438A1
Application number: PCT/KR2011/001667
Authority: WO
Inventors: 신희영; 채수천; 배인국; 김정윤
Original assignee: 한국지질자원연구원
Priority date: 2011-03-10
Filing date: 2011-03-10
Publication date: 2012-09-13
Also published as: KR101241789B1; KR20120103156A

Abstract

Disclosed is a method for recovering useful minerals from liberated clastic resources, such as sea sand and river sand. The method for recovering useful resources within the clastic resources according to the present invention comprises: a specific gravity sorting step for separating the clastic resources into at least two mineral groups of heavy minerals and light minerals, using the relative weight difference of the minerals included in the clastic resources; a magnetic force sorting step for separating the heavy minerals into a plurality of mineral groups using the selective attachment to a plurality of magnets, according to the difference of magnetism for the minerals within the heavy minerals, while continuously migrating the heavy minerals separated from the specific gravity sorting step to a channel having a plurality of magnets, each with different sizes of magnetic force; and an electrostatic sorting step for sorting target minerals again from at least one of the mineral groups from the plurality of mineral groups, by using the difference in electric property of the minerals included in each of the mineral groups separated in the magnetic force sorting step.

Description

How to recover useful minerals from destructive resources such as maritime and instructors

The present invention relates to a technique for recovering useful minerals, and more particularly, to a process for separating and recovering various useful minerals contained in a debrisable resource such as an instructor or a sea lion from sand. .

Useful minerals such as ilmenite, rutile, zircon, silimanite, and monazite are used as essential raw materials in various industries. That is, in the case of titanium iron, it is used as a welding rod, a special magnetic material, or a sunscreen pigment, and a stir cone is used in ceramics, high-quality bearings, and ball mills. Monazite, in particular, contains a large amount of rare earth elements called industrial vitamins such as lanthanum, cerium and samarium.

However, in Korea, almost all of the minerals are relied on imports, and in recent years, the price of raw minerals has soared in the world, and the price has increased significantly. For example, rutile and silimite are priced at $ 200 a tonne and Zercon at $ 900 a tonne. Moreover, with the recent proliferation of resource weaponization by resource-holding countries, resource-holding countries are seeking to prevent the leakage of their resources by expanding export suppression policies, such as increasing export taxes and regulating foreign investment in resource development.

On the other hand, in Korea, since rare minerals, which are widely used in high value-added industries, do not exist on land, almost all of the core materials and parts are imported from abroad. May be affected. As a result, it is requested to develop a collection technology for rare minerals in Korea, and as part of this, interest in debris resources such as maritime or instructors is increasing.

It is investigated that sand in coastal or riverside of Korea contains useful minerals such as titanium iron and monazite. For example, 1.5% of the sea sand is known to consist of the above useful minerals. Meanwhile, according to the 2007 Ministry of Construction data, 23 million tons of seawater is reported to be developed and used as construction materials, and 23 million tons contain about 500,000 tons of useful minerals, and the economic value of these useful minerals is as of 2008. It's almost a trillion.

Accordingly, there is a demand for a technique for preventing the disposal of debris-like resources such as maritime and instructors into aggregates, and recovering useful minerals such as oil minerals from them. First of all, unlike the ore mined from the mine, the debrisable resource such as sand is already divided into minerals, and unlike the ore in which one target mineral is mainly distributed, sand contains various kinds of useful minerals. In view of this, technical development is required.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for recovering useful minerals in a debrisable resource which can effectively and economically separate useful minerals contained in debrisable resources such as maritime or instructors. .

The useful mineral recovery method in the debris resources according to the present invention for achieving the above object is to recover the useful minerals from the maritime or instructor, by using the relative weight difference of the minerals contained in the debris resources The specific gravity separation step of separating the at least two mineral groups as heavy minerals and hard minerals, while moving the heavy minerals separated in the specific gravity selection step in a path in which a plurality of magnets having different magnetic forces are arranged, It is included in each mineral group separated in the magnetic separation step and the magnetic separation step of separating the heavy minerals into a plurality of mineral groups by using a selective attachment to the plurality of magnets according to the magnetic properties of the minerals in the heavy minerals At least one mineral group of the plurality of mineral groups by using a difference in electrical properties of the minerals And an electrostatic screening step of reselecting the target mineral from the.

In the present invention, there is an advantage that it is possible to economically and efficiently separate and recover useful minerals, such as rare minerals, from the segregated resources separated into groups such as maritime or instructors.

In the present invention, by using specific gravity screening, magnetic screening and electrostatic screening, it is possible to recover useful minerals in a single mineral unit, which has the advantage that the purity of the recovered minerals is improved.

1 is a schematic flowchart of a method for recovering useful minerals in a debrisable resource according to an embodiment of the present invention.

2 is a schematic perspective view of a spiral specific gravity sorting apparatus used in an embodiment of the present invention.

3 is an enlarged perspective view of the guide member of the specific gravity screening apparatus shown in FIG. 2.

4 is a side view showing a schematic configuration of a magnetic separator used in an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a plan view of the magnetic separator shown in FIG. 4.

FIG. 6 is a front view of the magnetic separator shown in FIG. 4.

7 is a table showing useful mineral content and magnetic sensitivity in heavy minerals.

8 is a table showing the strength of the magnet for selecting the target minerals.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the specific gravity screening step, arranged in the vertical direction, the spiral channel is formed, the specific gravity screening is installed in the bottom exit of the channel two partition members in the width direction of the channel A device is installed, and the mixed liquid in which water is mixed with the debrisable resource flows from the top to the bottom along the spiral channel so that the minerals contained in the debrisable resource are distributed along the width direction of the channel by the relative weight difference. The minerals in the debrisable resource are dispersed by the partition member into heavy minerals, intermediate minerals and light minerals, and the heavy minerals are collected and the intermediate minerals alone or by mixing the intermediate minerals and the light minerals. By re-injecting into the specific gravity screening device, some of the heavy minerals remaining in the intermediate mineral and the hard mineral are separated.

In addition, in one embodiment of the present invention, the specific gravity screening device is arranged in plural numbers, and the minerals classified as intermediate or hard minerals in the specific gravity screening by the specific gravity screening device are continuously arranged in another specific gravity screening device. It is preferable to carry out the sorting process continuously by sorting the input heavy minerals remaining.

In addition, in an embodiment of the present invention, in the magnetic force selection step, a plurality of magnets are arranged, the first magnet having a relatively strong magnetic force of the magnets, the second magnet having a relatively small magnetic force, the first A third magnet having a magnetic force between the magnet and the magnetic force of the second magnet is sequentially disposed, the heavy minerals separated in the specific gravity selection step passes through the path in which the first magnet to the third magnet are sequentially arranged The minerals attached to the first magnets are separated, and the minerals not attached to the second magnets are separated and collected, and the minerals not attached to the second magnets are disposed on the third magnets. The minerals attached to the area and collected are separated and collected, and finally, the minerals attached to the third magnet and the non-attached minerals are collected separately.

An electromagnet may be disposed between the first magnet and the second magnet.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the magnetic force of the first magnet is 10,000 ~ 11,500G (Gauss), the magnetic force of the second magnet is 2,500 ~ 4,000G, the magnetic force of the third magnet is 5,000 ~ 7,000G and , The magnetic force of the electromagnet can be set in the range of 1000 ~ 4000G.

In the magnetic force selection of the heavy minerals obtained in the specific gravity screening step, the target minerals collected without being attached to the first magnets include a zircon, and the target minerals attached to the electromagnets include magnetite. The target minerals attached to the two magnets and collected include ilmenite, and the target minerals collected without being attached by the third magnets include monazite.

On the other hand, in one embodiment of the present invention, it is preferable to remove the residual magnetic of the minerals separated from the first magnet in order to be transferred to the region where the second magnet is disposed after being attached to the first magnet by a demagnetizer Do.

In addition, in an embodiment of the present invention, a magnetic separator is used, wherein the magnetic separator includes a conveying belt circulated in one direction and a cylindrical magnet in contact with the inner circumferential surface of one end of the conveying belt, in the upper portion of the conveying belt. Some of the minerals transported in one direction are separated from the conveying belt without being attached by the magnetic force of the magnet at the end of the conveying belt, and some of the minerals are attached by the magnetic force of the magnet at the end of the conveying belt. It comprises a separation unit which is transported to the lower portion of the conveying belt and separated from the conveying belt, a plurality of separation units are arranged in the magnetic separator, the transfer of the separation unit disposed on the leading end of the mineral path Minerals in any one of the minerals separated and separated into two parts by magnetic force in the belt Receiving a separate supply unit disposed at a rear end of the traveling path based mineral are preferably separated by a magnetic force again.

And according to an embodiment of the present invention, by supplying anion to the minerals attached to the lower portion of the transfer belt of each separation unit by the electrostatic force so that the minerals are separated from the transfer belt, the transfer of each separation unit It is preferable to blow the wind toward the mineral attached to the lower portion of the belt so that the mineral is separated from the transport belt.

Meanwhile, according to an embodiment of the present invention, in the electrostatic screening step, in order to subdivide the mineral group separated in the magnetic screening step, the difference in the electrical conductivity of the minerals included in the mineral group or the mineral groups After the minerals in friction are charged with different polarities, the charged minerals can be separated while passing through the negative electrode and the positive electrode.

In an embodiment of the present invention, in the electrostatic screening step, in order to subdivide the mineral group separated in the magnetic screening step, a charge is applied to the minerals in the mineral groups, and the minerals pass between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. While separating the mineral group by using the difference in the amount of charge charged to the minerals.

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings, it will be described in more detail with respect to the useful mineral recovery method in the debrisable resources according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In the present invention, the debrisable resource to be treated refers to mainly composed of broken pieces of rock or minerals, and unlike ores, the particles are already separated into pieces without needing to be crushed. Although the object of treatment in the present invention includes all of these destructive resources, the present embodiment will be described with respect to sand distributed in the sea or river, that is, maritime or instructor.

Referring to FIG. 1, the useful mineral recovery method M100 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a specific gravity screening step M20, a magnetic screening step M30, and an electrostatic screening step M40.

First, the sea or instructor (hereinafter referred to as 'yarn' or 'saem'), which is to be separated, is collected from the sea or river bottom. The yarn thus obtained is sorted according to the size of the particles through screening, as shown in FIG. 1. Specifically, only particles having a diameter of about 2 mm or less are separated by screening using a sieve net. Particles larger than 2 mm are preferably impurities such as rocks or are not separated by a single substance.

After the screening, the specific gravity selection step (M20) is performed. In the present embodiment, the specific gravity screening step M20 is divided into a primary specific gravity screening M21 and a second specific gravity screening M22.

Specific gravity screening uses the relative weight difference between the minerals contained in the yarn, which means that the yarn contains light minerals such as sand and heavy minerals such as ilmenite, monazite, rutile and zircon. Depending on the origin and characteristics of the content ratio is different, in general, based on 100kg yarn contains about 95 ~ 96kg of light sand components, heavy minerals of about 4 ~ 5kg content. Minerals targeted in the present invention are heavy minerals such as monazite, and these heavy minerals mainly form useful minerals.

Separation method using a difference in the weight of the various components in the yarn is various, in the present embodiment is carried out specific gravity screening using the spiral specific gravity screening apparatus 100 shown in Figs. Figure 2 is a schematic perspective view of a spiral specific gravity screening apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, Figure 3 is an enlarged perspective view of the guide member of the spiral specific gravity screening apparatus shown in FIG.

The spiral specific gravity selection apparatus 100 used in the present embodiment is to use that the yarn is separated by specific gravity in the process of the yarn descending through the spiral channel.

2 and 3, the spiral specific gravity screening device 100 includes a spiral body 10 and a partition member 20.

The spiral body 10 serves as a channel through which a mixed liquid in which yarn and water are mixed flows. The spiral body 10 is formed along the vertical direction as a whole and is provided with an inlet portion 11 through which the mixed liquid flows. The outlet part 12 which flows out is provided. The waterway portion 13 is provided between the inlet portion 11 and the outlet portion 12. In order to support the spiral body 10, the support rod 70 is fitted to the central portion of the spiral body 10.

In addition, the channel 13 of the spiral body 10 is formed in a spiral shape so that the mixed solution can be separated by specific gravity in the process of flowing into the inlet 11 of the spiral body 10 and exiting the outlet 12. do. That is, the mixed liquid introduced into the inlet 11 flows toward the outlet 12 while rotating along the channel 13 formed in a helical shape, so that the particles having a small specific gravity are separated by the centrifugal force in the width direction of the channel 13. Therefore, it is gradually pushed outward, and the particles having a high specific gravity remain inside in the width direction of the channel portion 13. Thus, the mixed liquid reaching the outlet portion 12 through the waterway portion 13 is dispersed along the width direction of the waterway portion 13 so that heavy particles gather on the inside and light particles gather on the outside. Since the sand component of the yarn is light and useful minerals are heavy, useful minerals are concentrated inside the outlet part 12.

In general, heavy particles containing useful minerals are dark in color, and light particles, mainly sand, are white in color. When the mixed solution discharged through the outlet of the spiral body 10 is observed, the inner side of the water channel 13 has a dark color, and the outer side has a bright color.

In addition, the outlet part 12 is provided with a partition member 20 so as to separate and discharge the mixed liquids which are sequentially arranged along the width direction of the waterway part 13 by specific gravity. Only one partition member 20 may be disposed at the outlet portion 12, but in the present apparatus, two partition members 20 are disposed along the width direction of the outlet portion 12, and the mixed liquid is separated into three groups according to specific gravity and discharged. Hereinafter, the heavy group disposed inside of the three groups is referred to as heavy minerals, and the light group disposed outside of the water channel is referred to as light minerals, and the minerals placed in the middle of the channel are referred to as intermediate minerals.

Of course, when more finely divided to separate the liquid mixture may be arranged three or more partition members.

The guide member 40 is provided with a plurality of guide tubes 41 so that the mixed liquid separated into a plurality of branches by the partition member 20 can be discharged to the outside, respectively. Is installed on the lower side. Each guide tube 41 is connected to the discharge pipe (42). Heavy minerals are collected in a separate reservoir (not shown) through the discharge pipe (42).

However, the intermediate mineral or the hard mineral is not discarded after one specific gravity selection step M20, but performs specific gravity selection again. That is, some of the useful minerals may remain in the minerals separated into intermediate or hard minerals, so that the useful minerals may not be disposed of in the intermediate minerals and the hard minerals by performing specific gravity selection once or twice. do.

To this end, in the present embodiment, a plurality of specific gravity selection apparatuses 100 are arranged to perform specific gravity selection again on minerals classified as intermediate or hard minerals. After 2 or 3 specific gravity screening, the minerals classified as intermediate minerals as light minerals are used as aggregates, and the heavy minerals are put into subsequent processes.

However, in the present embodiment, only the heavy minerals are added to the subsequent process, but depending on the embodiment, the intermediate minerals and the heavy minerals may be added to the subsequent process. In addition, when only one partition member is used to classify the mineral into two hard minerals as light minerals, only the heavy minerals may be added to the subsequent process. That is, the number of groups of minerals dispersed along the width direction of the waterway part 13 by the specific gravity selection may be classified, and which group may be appropriately selected according to the conditions of the yarn. have.

Meanwhile, in another embodiment, in order to improve separation efficiency, an outlet port (not shown) is formed in the middle of the channel portion 13 of the spiral body 10 so that the mixed liquid descends along the channel portion 13 in which the mixed liquid falls. Some mixed liquor (including light minerals) may be discharged to the outside.

When the primary specific gravity screening (M21) as described above is completed, the secondary specific gravity screening (M22) may be performed on a heavy mineral by using a so-called shaking table (not shown). As a result of many experimental considerations, about 30% of sand remains in minerals classified as heavy minerals by primary specific gravity screening. Therefore, light minerals such as sand components can be removed through secondary specific gravity screening. have.

The shaking table generates vibration while constantly reciprocating the inclined table to separate the heavy minerals into relatively heavy minerals and light minerals.

The shaking table has a rectangular shape in which one side is longer than the other side, and the upper right corner is placed at the highest position, and the lower left corner is disposed at the lowest position. In the rectangle, two long sides form an upper side and a lower side, and two short sides form both sides. And unevenness | corrugation is formed in the surface.

While the shaking table of the above-described configuration is vibrated by a motor or the like, when the liquid mixture of heavy minerals and water is supplied to the shaking table from the upper right corner, the light minerals move closer to the lower left corner of the shaking table, but the heavy minerals Will move to the lower side. As a result, minerals are dispersed by weight along the lower side of the shaking table.

Therefore, the minerals moved from the lower side to the right side are mainly useful minerals, and the minerals moved to the left side are collected as light sand components and collected separately to collect heavy minerals. However, the second specific gravity screening (M22) may be selectively performed as necessary.

As described above, when the specific gravity selection step M20 is completed, the magnetic force selection step M30 is performed. The specific gravity screening step (M20) is preferably carried out at the site where the yarn is collected in consideration of economical factors such as transportation costs, and the subsequent magnetic screening step (M30) and electrostatic screening step (M40) may be performed on site, It can also be carried by transporting heavy minerals to a place that can provide a stable environment for magnetic screening processes such as plants.

In the magnetic separation step (M30) to perform the separation by using the difference in the magnetism of the various minerals contained in the heavy minerals. More specifically, the principle that the minerals attached to the magnet is changed according to the strength of the magnet. As will be explained in detail later, this property of minerals is called magnetic sensitivity. For example, magnetite with high sensitivity can be attached to very weak magnets, but monazite is only attached to very strong magnets. . In the magnetic separation step (M30), the magnetic difference of the minerals as described above is used.

Magnetic separation using magnets can be performed by various apparatuses and methods. In this embodiment, a magnetic separator having an improved structure can be used to classify minerals from heavy minerals into a plurality of groups by a continuous process.

Hereinafter, the magnetic force selection step M30 together with the magnetic force separator will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

4 is a side view showing a schematic configuration of a magnetic separator used in an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 5 is a plan view of the magnetic separator shown in Figure 4, Figure 6 is a front view of the magnetic separator shown in Figure 4 .

4 to 6, the magnetic separator 200 used in one embodiment of the present invention includes a feeder 210, first to

third separation units

220, 230, 240, and a cross separation unit 250.

The feeder 210 temporarily receives the raw material, that is, the heavy minerals separated from the yarns, and supplies the feeder 210 to the first separation unit 220 to be described later. Inside the feeder 210 is formed a receiving portion for temporarily receiving the heavy mineral (s). A discharge part is formed at a lower part of the accommodation part, and the discharge part may be opened and closed by a stopper (not shown) so that heavy minerals may be discharged from the feeder 210. The feeder 210 supplies a constant speed and a certain amount of heavy mineral (s) to the first separation unit 220 to be described later.

The heavy minerals s discharged from the feeder 210 are guided by the discharge guide 211 and transferred to the first separation unit 220. The discharge guide 211 is inclined downward in a plate shape. . In addition, the discharge guide 211 is oscillated in the left and right direction, so that the heavy minerals (S) placed on the upper surface of the discharge guide 211 can be spread widely in the left and right width direction.

The magnetic separator 200 includes a plurality of separation units, including three of the first separation unit 220, the second separation unit 230, and the third separation unit 240. Three separation units are arranged along the vertical direction. That is, the first separation unit 220 is disposed at the highest position, and the second separation unit 230 is disposed at the lowest position of the third separation unit 240 in the middle.

Heavy minerals (s) discharged from the feeder 210 forms a path from the first separation unit 220 to the third separation unit 230 through the second separation unit 230, passing through each separation unit Each time a portion of the heavy minerals (s) is separated according to the magnetic properties. That is, a part of the heavy minerals separated into two parts according to the magnetic size in the first separation unit 220 is collected by the collector 229, and the remaining part is supplied to the second separation unit 230 again. In the second separation unit 230, the sea ash is divided into two parts again according to the magnetic strength, a part of which is collected by the collector 239, and the other part is supplied to the third separation unit 240. Finally, the third separation unit 240 is collected in

separate collectors

248 and 249 according to the magnetic strength. In the present embodiment, three separation units are installed, but in another embodiment, the separation units may be installed in various numbers such as two, four, five, and the like.

The first separation unit 220, the second separation unit 230 and the third separation unit 240 are called differently, but have substantially the same configuration, only the strength of the magnet is different.

That is, the first to

third separation units

220, 230, and 240 are provided with

transfer belts

221, 231, and 241, respectively. Cylindrical first magnets 222, second magnets 232, and third magnets 242 are disposed inside one end of the

transfer belts

221, 231, and 241, respectively, and serve as pulleys (driven pulleys). A motor (not shown) is connected to the

pulleys

223, 233, and 243 disposed at the other end of each separation unit, thereby providing driving force for circulating the conveying

belts

221, 231, and 241 by rotating the

pulleys

223, 233, and 243. On the other hand, the

cylindrical magnets

222, 232 and 242 which serve as pulleys are not fixedly installed, but can be replaced by cylindrical magnets having different magnetic strengths.

In addition, each of the first and

second separation units

220 and 230 includes one

collector

229 and 239, but the third separation unit 240 disposed at the end of the heavy mineral path has two

collectors

248 and 249. .

Between each separation unit and the collector is provided with a guide for guiding the minerals discharged from each separation unit to the collector or another separation unit. For example, a collector 229 and a second separation unit 230 are disposed below the first separation unit 220, between the transfer belt 221 and the collector 229 of the first separation unit 220 and between the first and second separation units 220. Guide bars 225 and 226 are respectively installed between the transfer belt 221 of the separation unit 220 and the transfer belt 231 of the second separation unit 230. The

guides

225 and 226 are disposed to be inclined downward in a plate shape to guide the minerals discharged from the conveyance belt 221 of the first separation unit 220 to the collector 229 and the second separation unit 230, respectively. Similarly, guide

units

235 and 236 are installed in the second separation unit 230, and guide

units

245 and 246 for guiding minerals with two

collectors

248 and 249 are also installed in the third separation unit 240.

Heavy minerals (s) transported along the transport belt of each separation unit passes through the upper side of the cylindrical first, second and third magnets located at the ends of the transport belt, and minerals that are not affected by the magnetic force of the magnet are transported. The separation unit is released from the end of the belt. However, the minerals reacting to the magnetic force of the magnet is continuously attached to the conveyance belt to move downward, and fall out of the conveyance belt until it is out of the influence of the magnetic force.

That is, the minerals attached to the magnets installed in each separation unit are separated from the conveying belt after the conveying belt is moved downward while attached to the conveying belt, but the minerals not attached to the magnet are conveyed from the upper part to the lower part. By separating from the feed belt, the minerals are separated into two parts according to their magnetism.

On the other hand, a demagnetizer (270, demagnetizer) is installed at the lower end of the guide stand 226 installed between the transfer belt 221 of the first separation unit 220 and the transfer belt 231 of the second separation unit 230. . As will be described later, in this embodiment, the magnetic force of the first magnet 222 installed in the first separation unit 220 is 11,000 gauss, which is much greater than the magnetic force of the second and third magnets (1,000 to 7,000 gauss) installed in the other separation units. .

That is, once the mineral is attached to the first magnet 222 installed in the first separation unit 220 and then transferred to the second separation unit 230, the mineral is transferred to the first magnet 222 of the first separation unit 220. Remaining magnets remain by, and thus the residual magnets remaining in the minerals interfere with the correct separation action by the second magnet of the second separation unit 230.

In the process of being transferred from the first separation unit 220 to the second separation unit 230, a known demagnetizer 270 is installed below the guide stand 226 to remove the residual magnetic remaining in the mineral. That is, the mineral is magnetized by a magnet having a large magnetic force, and the arrangement in which the particles in the mineral are separated and aligned in the N pole and the S pole is arranged by a demagnetizer. In the present apparatus, a demagnetizer is installed between the first separation unit and the second separation unit, but the residual magnetic remaining in the mineral at the rear end of the magnet having the greatest magnetic force on the path of the mineral in performing the magnetic separation step according to the present invention. Just remove.

In addition, an ionizer (i) and a blower (b) are attached to the lower portions of the transfer belts (221, 231, 241) of the first, second, and third separation units (220, 230, 240) to supply charge and air toward the lower surface of the transfer belt. In the process of transporting heavy minerals, the minerals may be attached to the transport belt by the electrostatic force. That is, the minerals should be separated from the conveyance belt by gravity by going through the region of the magnet from the upper portion of the conveyance belt, and the minerals can remain attached to the conveyance belt by electrostatic force. In the present invention, by supplying the charge to the lower portion of the transport belt in the ionizer (i), the charge is applied to the minerals attached to the lower portion of the transport belt to release the electrostatic force.

Then, a blower (b) for blowing air into the lower portion of the conveying belt so as to be separated from the conveying belt by applying a physical force to the mineral is disposed.

Meanwhile, the magnetic separator 200 used in the present invention includes a cross separation unit 250. The cross separation unit 250 is installed on the transfer belt 231 of the second separation unit 230, and includes a cross transfer belt 251 and two

pulleys

252 and 253. The cross transfer belt 251 is disposed to cross the transfer belt 231 of the second separation unit 230, and two

pulleys

252 and 253 are wound around both ends of the cross transfer belt 251 to cross the transfer belt 251. ) And cloud contact. The cross transfer belt 251 is circulated by the pulley 252 rotated by a motor (not shown).

In addition, the magnet 254 is installed inside the cross separation unit 250. The lower surface of the magnet 254 is disposed to face the lower surface of the cross transfer belt 251. Accordingly, some of the minerals transferred along the transfer belt 231 of the second separation unit 230 are attracted by the magnetic force of the magnet 254 installed in the cross separation unit 250 and attached to the cross transfer belt 251. .

As described so far, the magnetic separator 200 having the above-described configuration includes the first to

third separation units

220, 230, and 240 and the cross separation unit 250 to perform four separation operations on minerals. In order for the action to be significantly progressed so that the useful minerals mixed in the minerals are finely selected, it is necessary to set the magnetic strength of the magnets attached to the separation units 220 to 250 according to the properties of the useful minerals. That is, it is possible to set the magnetic force of the magnet to be installed in each separation unit only if technical and empirical data on the degree to which each useful mineral is affected by the magnetic force is secured.

Briefly describe the magnetism. Magnetism is expressed by the amount of magnetic and magnetic moment, and the strength of the magnet is generally expressed by the magnitude of the magnetic moment rather than the magnetic amount. Magnetic moment is a vector quantity of magnitude and direction, and the direction is from the S (-) pole to the N (+) pole. In general, they are classified into ferro-magnetism, antiferro-magnetism, para-magnetism, and dia-magnetism according to the arrangement of magnetic moments. If the magnetic moments are arranged in one direction, the force is very strong, and it is called Ferro-Magnetism. The magnetic moments of the magnetic spins are arranged in opposite directions to the neighboring magnetic moments, but the magnetisms that are magnetized by the difference due to the magnitude of the magnetic moments are classified as Ferri Magnetism. In addition, the magnetic moment of magnetic spin is the same size as the neighbor but the direction is reversed so that the overall magnetic moment becomes zero. It is called antiferro-magnetism. However, the material having the property of increasing the strength of the internal magnetic field by aligning in the same direction as the direction of the external magnetic field is para-magnetism, and has a weak negative autonomy with no spin as dia-magnetism. Classify. In addition, the magnetic moment may be obtained by a constant equation based on magnetic sensitivity, magnetic field strength and particle diameter.

Table 7 shows the classification of useful minerals by the above classification system. 7 is a table showing the content and magnetic sensitivity of useful minerals contained in the heavy minerals separated by specific gravity screening. Referring to the table of FIG. 7, the molten mineral includes the most of ilmenite and magnetite, and includes a large number of silica sand and silimite, which may be classified as sand components. Magnetically, magnetite and ilmenite have the highest magnetic sensitivity, and the zircon and rutile are almost nonmagnetic.

Considering the content in the heavy minerals together, useful minerals to be separated and recovered from the heavy minerals are mainly magnetite, ilmenite, zircon, rutile and monazite.

The applicant determines the strength of the magnetic force to be applied to the target mineral to be selected from the heavy minerals, based on the technical considerations regarding the strength of the magnetic force, the sensitivity of the useful minerals, etc. described above (determining the strength of the magnet installed in each separation unit) Many experiments were performed. Representative experimental examples are described.

After specific gravity screening of the sea samples collected from Yeongjong Island, four magnets (one 200g and three 50g) were used to obtain high magnetic force sequentially from low-magnetism magnets using several magnets with magnetic force from 1,000G to 11,000G. Branches were arranged in magnet order to sort seawater, and the strongest magnets were placed first and then the magnets were placed in descending order. Magnets used were 1,500G, 3,000G, 5,000G, 7,000G and 10,000G.

As a result of this experiment, the minerals that can be specifically obtained at a magnetic force of 10,000G or more are rutile and zircon, except for these minerals attached to the magnetic force of 10,000G, but they are not attached. 10,000G could serve as a reference point. Similarly, it was able to select ilmenite based on 3,000 G, and was able to significantly separate ilmenite at 4,000 G and epidot at 7,000 G.

Based on the above empirical considerations, the target minerals to be finally selected from the heavy minerals were determined, and the strength of the magnet for selecting these target minerals was also determined. The results are shown in the table of FIG.

Referring to the table of FIG. 8, the main target minerals to be separated through the magnetic separator in the present invention are largely classified into five categories, the ferromagnetic magnetite, the heavy magnetic ilmenite, the weak magnetic epidot, horn blend and hematite, And rutile and monazite, which are magnetically weak, and zircon, which are nonmagnetic.

Magnetite is a ferromagnetic material attached to magnets even in weak magnetic forces of 1,000G to 2,000G. Therefore, it is not necessary to use a magnet higher than 2,000G, but less than 1,000G may have a weak magnetic force, which may reduce the separation efficiency. The magnetite is selected using a magnetic force of 1,500 G.

Ilmenite, a magnetic material, is screened with magnetic force of 3,000G and can be expanded to 2,500G to 4,000G. However, magnetic force less than 2,500 G will decrease the magnetic adhesion rate of ilmenite, and if it exceeds 4,000 G, it is not desirable to use higher magnetic force than necessary.

The weak magnetic epidots, horn blends, and hematites can be separated from 5,500 G and from 5,000 to 7,000 G. However, if less than 5,000G, the weak magnetic material is not easy to separate, and exceeding 7,000G is unnecessary because of excessive magnetic force.

Likewise, rutile (which can be classified as nonmagnetic) and monazite have very low magnetic sensitivities and can be separated using a high magnetic force of 8,000 to 10,000G. Since the non-magnetic zircon is not attached to the magnet, the magnetic separator will behave together with the sand component, and can be separated from the sand later in the electrostatic screening.

As described above, in the state where the target minerals and the strength of the magnetic force required for selecting the target minerals are determined, magnets may be installed in each

separation unit

220, 230, 240, 250 of the magnetic separator 200 used in the present invention.

The first magnet 222 of the first separation unit 220 is first disposed on the progress path of the heavy mineral (s) to have a magnetic force of 11,000G. The magnetic material of the heavy mineral (s) is all attached to the first magnet 222 of the first separation unit 220 is supplied to the second separation unit 230, the non-magnetic stir cone to the first magnet 222 It is collected in collector 229 without being attached. In addition, the collector 229 may include some rutile.

In the first separation unit, the magnetic substance and the nonmagnetic substance are separated from each other to separate the zircon which is the target mineral. If rutile is included significantly can be separated in the electrostatic screening step to be described later.

The heavy minerals supplied from the first separation unit 220 to the transfer belt 231 of the second separation unit 230 meet the transfer belt 251 of the cross separation unit 250. The magnet 254 of the cross separation unit 250 can change the magnetic force in the range of 1,000 ~ 4,000G as an electromagnet, in this embodiment is set to 1,500G. The magnetite, which is a ferromagnetic material, is transported by the magnetic force of 1,500 G in the heavy minerals s being transferred from the transfer belt 231 of the second separation unit 230 and attached to the cross transfer belt 251 of the cross separation unit 250. The remaining minerals continue to move toward the second magnet 232 of the second separation unit 230. The magnetite attached to the cross transfer belt 251 by the magnet 254 of the cross separation unit 250 is separated from the cross transfer belt 251 after falling out of the area of the magnet 254 and freely dropped to the collector 259. Is collected.

That is, in the cross-separation unit, magnetite, which is a target mineral, is selected, and when the first separation unit 220 and the cross-separation unit 250 pass through, almost non-magnetic and ferromagnetic substances are selected. Thereafter, the second separation unit 230 and the third separation unit 240 select the neutral and weak magnetic material.

The second magnet 232 of the second separation unit 230 is set to 3,000G, and selects the ilmenite which is a heavy magnetic material. That is, the ilmenite, which is a magnetic substance, is attached to the second magnet 232 of the second separation unit 230 and moved to the lower side of the conveying belt 231, and then gathered in the collector 239, and the weak magnetic rutile, The monazite, epidot, horn blend, and hematite are not attached to the second magnet 32 and are directly separated from the transfer belt 231 of the second separation unit 230 and supplied to the third separation unit 240.

In the third separation unit 240, a third magnet 242 having a magnetic force of 5,500 G is installed, and epidots, horn blends, and hematites among the weak magnetic bodies are attached to the third magnet 242 to transfer belt 241. Rutile and monazite, which are weaker than these, are collected in the collector 248 and are not attached to the third magnet 242, but are immediately removed from the transfer belt 241 and collected in another collector 249. do. That is, in the third separation unit 240, the mineral having a relatively strong magnetic and the mineral having a relatively weak magnetic are mutually selected in the weak magnetic body.

Each collector 229,239,248,249,259 is a collection of minerals separated by the magnets 222,232,242,252, but they do not purely contain the target minerals and some other minerals. That is, in the collector 39 in which ilmenite, which is a magnetic substance, is collected, a part of the magnetite, which is a ferromagnetic substance, and an epidot, which is a weak magnetic substance, are mixed. This is not simply a matter of magnetism, but due to various variables such as the size and weight of each mineral particle. In other words, it is possible to effectively separate the useful minerals by magnetic screening, it is possible to further increase the purity through the subsequent process. Therefore, it is also possible to perform magnetic screening again on the minerals collected in each bin. After the magnetic screening, the blackout screening step M40 is performed.

In the electrostatic screening step (M40), each mineral group is subdivided again by using the electrical properties of each mineral group separated in the magnetic screening step (M30). However, it is not necessary to perform electrostatic screening for all the mineral groups separated in the magnetic screening step M30, and performs electrostatic screening when a plurality of minerals are mixed. For example, in the first separation unit 220 of the magnetic separator 200, the zircon is used as the target mineral, but the rubbing container 229 is generally mixed with rutile together with the zircon. In the case where a plurality of minerals are mixed in this collection, electrostatic screening is required. In the cross-separation unit, however, the target mineral is magnetite, and if the collection box 254 contains almost no other minerals, there is no need to perform electrostatic screening. However, most of the collection, although there is a difference in content, other minerals are mixed in addition to the target minerals. Preferably, the electrostatic screening is performed for all the mineral groups separated from the magnetic screening.

Electrostatic screening uses the difference in electrical properties of minerals. For example, electrostatic screening may be performed by using a difference in electrical conductivity. In other words, when the mineral is charged while transporting the mineral along the surface of the roller serving as the ground electrode, the charge is charged on the mineral surface, and the surface charge of the highly conductive minerals among the minerals is discharged through the ground electrode immediately, thus losing the charge. The minerals are separated from the rollers, and in the case of minerals having no electrical conductivity, the charges remain on the surface as they are, so that the minerals are attached to the rollers for a certain period of time. In particular, when the negative electrode is disposed adjacent to the roller, the time attached to the roller becomes long due to the electric repulsive force. In this way, the difference between the electrical conductivity can be used to classify the minerals.

For example, rutile and zircon are both rarely magnetic and are not separated from each other by magnetic separation. However, rutile has high electrical conductivity, whereas zircon has no electrical conductivity, and thus, two minerals can be effectively separated by electrostatic separation.

Likewise, in the collection unit 249 of the third separation unit 240 of the magnetic separator 200, rutile is often mixed in addition to the monazite as the target mineral. Monazite, like rutile, is weak in magnetism. However, monazite is not electrically conductive, but rutile is highly conductive and can be effectively separated through electrostatic separation.

Meanwhile, a friction method may be used in the method of charging the mineral with charge. When the minerals are rubbed together, the minerals may be charged with a negative charge or a positive charge on the surface, depending on their electrical properties. In the state where charges are charged with different polarities, when the electric field between the negative electrode and the positive electrode is passed, the minerals are attracted to the electrode having the opposite polarity by the electric attraction, and thus the minerals can be effectively separated.

In the present embodiment, the above-described two kinds of electrostatic screening methods may be used, or a method using the difference in the amount of charges charged to the minerals may be adopted. That is, when negative charges are charged to minerals, the amount of charges charged on the surface differs according to the electrical characteristics of the minerals. In this state, when the negative electrode passes between the panels disposed on the lower side and the positive electrode is disposed on the lower side, the minerals move along the inclined plane and are separated between the electrodes. The negatively charged minerals are moved by the repulsive force. Minerals which rise toward the positive electrode and are charged with a relatively small amount of negative charge are brought closer to the lower panel. By using these points, passing the minerals between the electrode panels can effectively separate the plurality of minerals.

As described above, the electrostatic screening can perform the separation operation precisely according to the presence or absence of electrical conductivity, more specifically, the size or work function (work function, in the case of frictional charging) of the electrical conductivity. This electrostatic screening allows the minerals to be finally separated into a single mineral.

As described above, in the present invention, useful minerals can be effectively separated into individual mineral units from destructive resources such as maritime or instructors through specific gravity screening, magnetic screening, and electrostatic screening.

Although the present invention has been described with reference to one embodiment shown in the accompanying drawings, this is merely exemplary, and it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and equivalent other embodiments are possible therefrom. Could be. Accordingly, the true scope of protection of the invention should be defined only by the appended claims.

Claims

As for recovering useful minerals from destructive resources, including maritime or instructors,

A specific gravity separation step of separating the debris resource into at least two mineral groups, heavy and hard minerals, by using a relative weight difference of the minerals contained in the debris resource;

By selectively moving the heavy minerals separated in the specific gravity selection step along a path in which a plurality of magnets having different magnetic forces are arranged, the plurality of magnets are selectively attached to the plurality of magnets according to the difference in magnetic properties of the minerals in the heavy minerals. Magnetic separation step of separating the heavy minerals into a plurality of mineral groups by using the attached; And

And an electrostatic screening step of reselecting a target mineral from at least one mineral group of the plurality of mineral groups by using a difference in electrical properties of minerals included in each mineral group separated in the magnetic force selection step. A method for recovering useful minerals in a destructive resource.
The method of claim 1,

In the specific gravity selection step,

It is arranged in the vertical direction and a spiral waterway is formed, and a non-separation device having two partition members installed along the width direction of the waterway is installed at an outlet of the lower side of the waterway,

The mixed solution of water mixed with the debrisable resource flows from the top to the bottom along the helical channel so that the minerals contained in the debrisable resource are dispersed along the width direction of the channel by the relative weight difference. Minerals in the sex resources are dispersed by the partition member into heavy minerals, intermediate minerals and hard minerals,

The heavy minerals are collected, and the intermediate minerals alone, or the intermediate minerals and the light minerals are mixed and added to the specific gravity screening device to separate the heavy minerals remaining in the intermediate minerals and the light minerals. Recovery of useful minerals in debrisable resources.
The method of claim 2,

The specific gravity screening device is arranged in plurality in succession,

Minerals classified as intermediate or hard minerals are sorted by the specific gravity sorting device by the specific gravity sorting device, and the remaining heavy minerals are sorted into another specific gravity sorting device arranged in succession to perform the sorting process continuously. Recovery of useful minerals in debrisable resources.
The method of claim 1,

In the magnetic force selection step, a plurality of magnets are disposed, the first magnet having a relatively strong magnetic force of the magnets, the second magnet having a relatively small magnetic force, between the magnetic force of the first magnet and the second magnet The third magnet having magnetic force is disposed sequentially,

The heavy minerals separated in the specific gravity selection step are separated while passing through a path in which the first magnets to the third magnets are sequentially arranged,

Minerals attached to the first magnet are transferred to the region where the second magnet is disposed, and minerals not attached to the second magnet are collected and collected, and minerals not attached to the second magnet are transferred to the region where the third magnet is disposed. And the attached minerals are collected separately, and finally, the minerals attached to the third magnet and the non-attached minerals are collected and collected separately.
The method of claim 4, wherein

The useful mineral recovery method in the debris resource, characterized in that the electromagnet is disposed between the first magnet and the second magnet.
The method of claim 5,

The magnetic force of the first magnet is 10,000 ~ 11,500G (Gauss), the magnetic force of the second magnet is 2,500 ~ 4,000G, the magnetic force of the third magnet is 5,000 ~ 7,000G, the magnetic force of the electromagnet is 1000 ~ 4000G A useful mineral recovery method in a debrisable resource, characterized in that the range.
The method of claim 5,

In magnetic separation of the heavy minerals obtained in the specific gravity selection step,

The target mineral collected without being attached to the first magnet includes a zircon,

The target mineral collected by being attached to the electromagnet includes magnetite,

The target mineral collected by being attached to the second magnet includes ilmenite,

The target mineral collected without being attached by the third magnet is a useful mineral recovery method in the debrisable resource, characterized in that it comprises a monazite.
The method of claim 4, wherein

Method of recovering the useful minerals in the debrisable resource, characterized in that by removing the residual magnetic of the minerals separated from the first magnet in order to be transferred to the area where the second magnet is disposed after being attached to the first magnet. .
The method of claim 4, wherein

The magnetic separation step is performed by a magnetic separator,

The magnetic separator,

It is provided with a conveying belt circulated in one direction, and a cylindrical magnet in contact with the inner peripheral surface of one end of the conveying belt, some of the minerals conveyed in one direction from the upper portion of the conveying belt to the magnetic force of the magnet at the end of the conveying belt Is separated from the conveyance belt without being attached by, the remaining portion of the mineral is attached by the magnetic force of the magnet at the end of the conveying belt includes a separation unit which is separated from the conveying belt after being conveyed to the lower portion of the conveying belt Is done by

In the magnetic separator, a plurality of separation units are disposed, and minerals of any one of the minerals separated and separated into two parts by magnetic force in a transfer belt of the separation unit disposed at the distal end of the mineral path are separated from the minerals. A method for recovering useful minerals in a debris resource, characterized in that the separation unit disposed at the rear end of the progress path is supplied and separated again by magnetic force.
The method of claim 9,

And anion is supplied to the minerals attached to the lower portion of the transfer belt of each separation unit by electrostatic force so that the minerals are separated from the transfer belt.
The method of claim 9,

A method of recovering useful minerals in a debrisable resource, characterized in that the minerals are separated from the conveying belt by blowing wind toward the minerals attached to the lower portion of the conveying belt of each separating unit.
The method of claim 1,

In the electrostatic screening step, to recover the mineral group separated in the magnetic screening step, using the difference in the electrical conductivity of the minerals contained in the mineral group, the useful mineral recovery method in the debris resource.
The method of claim 1,

In the electrostatic screening step, in order to subdivide the mineral group separated in the magnetic screening step, the minerals in the mineral groups are charged with different polarities while rubbing, and then the charged minerals pass between the negative electrode and the positive electrode. A method for recovering useful minerals in a debris resource, characterized by separating.
The method of claim 1,

In the electrostatic screening step, in order to subdivide the mineral group separated in the magnetic screening step, the minerals in the mineral groups are charged, and the minerals pass between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and thus the amount of charge charged to the minerals. A method for recovering useful minerals in a debris resource, characterized in that separating the mineral group using a difference.