WO2012119630A2 - Method for operating a range extender in a vehicle having an electric drive - Google Patents

Method for operating a range extender in a vehicle having an electric drive Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012119630A2
WO2012119630A2 PCT/EP2011/006371 EP2011006371W WO2012119630A2 WO 2012119630 A2 WO2012119630 A2 WO 2012119630A2 EP 2011006371 W EP2011006371 W EP 2011006371W WO 2012119630 A2 WO2012119630 A2 WO 2012119630A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
determined
energy
values
time intervals
internal combustion
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PCT/EP2011/006371
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German (de)
French (fr)
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WO2012119630A3 (en
Inventor
Jens Papajewski
Christian Wilhelm
Rene MELZER
Alexander BADOUIN
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Audi Ag
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Application filed by Audi Ag filed Critical Audi Ag
Priority to EP11802286.2A priority Critical patent/EP2683571A2/en
Publication of WO2012119630A2 publication Critical patent/WO2012119630A2/en
Publication of WO2012119630A3 publication Critical patent/WO2012119630A3/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B60L15/2045—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed for optimising the use of energy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
    • B60L50/62—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles charged by low-power generators primarily intended to support the batteries, e.g. range extenders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
    • B60L2240/12—Speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/60—Navigation input
    • B60L2240/62—Vehicle position
    • B60L2240/622—Vehicle position by satellite navigation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2260/00—Operating Modes
    • B60L2260/40—Control modes
    • B60L2260/50—Control modes by future state prediction
    • B60L2260/52—Control modes by future state prediction drive range estimation, e.g. of estimation of available travel distance
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2260/00—Operating Modes
    • B60L2260/40—Control modes
    • B60L2260/50—Control modes by future state prediction
    • B60L2260/54—Energy consumption estimation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating an internal combustion engine serving for charging an energy store in a vehicle with an electric drive powered by this energy store on a planned driving route.
  • Such an internal combustion engine is commonly referred to as a range extender and conventionally does not serve for the direct drive of the vehicle. Rather, its operation serves exclusively to generate electrical energy to extend the operating time of the vehicle and thus to increase the possible driving distance traveled.
  • the charging of the typically formed as a battery energy storage must be carefully tuned and planned to increase the route. The better you reach a specific state of charge of the energy storage at the destination, the more efficient it is. Specifying the state of charge at the destination, then, for example, particularly much electricity can be inexpensively charged from a power outlet and it is less expensive electricity generated using the range extender. It should also be noted in advance that in some environmental zones operation of the range extender is not permitted.
  • the method begins with a set charging state, which the energy store is to have at the destination (destination of the planned route).
  • an anticipated course of the (values of) driving speed is predicted for the planned route on the basis of data available in a navigation system (used for the planning of the route).
  • the course of the values of the maximum possible electric power that can be output by the internal combustion engine is determined (preferably from the prospective course of the driving speed).
  • the course of the values of the electrical energy to be provided by the electric storage is preferably determined from the prospective course of the driving speed, ie typically the sum of the electrical energy presumably to be applied by the electric drive and the energy required by other consumers.
  • future time intervals are determined in which the internal combustion engine is to be operated in such a way that adhering to the anticipated driving speed at the destination a predetermined minimum accuracy of the target state of charge of the energy storage is achieved.
  • the invention is based on the recognition that it is the electrical power which can be emitted by the internal combustion engine, on the one hand, which is to be taken into account in the planning of its operation, and, on the other hand, that of the electric drive is expected to be applied electrical energy, which is to be considered.
  • the threshold value for the parameter, wherein the time intervals are selected from those time intervals in which the parameter is in a predetermined relationship to the threshold value, in particular is greater than the threshold value in terms of magnitude.
  • the threshold value then only has to be chosen in such a way that the setpoint charging state of the energy store is achieved with the desired accuracy precisely when the predicted driving speed is maintained at the destination. This can be calculated numerically by variation of the threshold value.
  • all time intervals can be combined, but preferably those time intervals are taken into account in determining the time intervals and omitted in the selection, which would be defined on sections of the planned route on which the internal combustion engine should not or may not be operated.
  • all values for the maximum possible power deliverable by the internal combustion engine are selected from a finite number of values because of a limited number of load points for that internal combustion engine.
  • the fact is taken into account that the internal combustion engine generates optimum electrical power only at certain load points, for which purpose an appropriate control by an engine control unit takes place.
  • a rounding or temporal averaging of values takes place so that extremes are avoided.
  • FIG. 1 shows a predicted velocity profile for an electric drive and range extender vehicle
  • FIG. 3 shows the power to be applied by the electric drive of the vehicle in the course of the speed according to FIG. 1, and FIG.
  • FIG. 4 shows the energy to be applied for this power from FIG. 3, FIG.
  • FIG. 5 shows the product of the energy to be applied by the electric machine shown in FIG. 4 with the power that can be applied by the range extender according to FIG. 2 as a characteristic or evaluation variable
  • FIG. 6 shows the size of FIG. 5 after smoothing
  • FIG. 7 shows the definition of time intervals on the basis of the variable from FIG. 6 when a limit value is set to a first value
  • FIG. 10 shows the definition of time intervals on the basis of the variable from FIG. 6 when setting a limit value to a second value
  • FIG. 11 shows the power applied by the range extender at these time intervals
  • a route can be entered when a destination is entered into the navigation system plan and predict on this route on the basis of information about inclinations of the road, speed restrictions, etc. an estimated speed curve according to the curve 10 in Fig. 1, ie it can be values for the estimated speed depending on the elapsed time during the planned trip time to calculate.
  • an environmental zone is to be passed through in one section.
  • an electric vehicle that is to say a vehicle with an electric drive, which has a so-called range extender, ie an internal combustion engine which charges an energy store of the electric vehicle while driving or previously, is to drive the planned driving route.
  • the range extender should in the present case be operable at very specific load points. This is expressed by the fact that the values for the permissible power PRE, permissible, are limitedly discretized. FIG. 2 shows in curve 12 the course of these values during the planned journey. It should be noted that the range extender may not be operated in the area of the environmental zone. For the speed profile from FIG.
  • the evaluation variable is therefore EEM, positive x PRE, permissible, limited and has the time profile according to the curve 18. After smoothing, the time profile according to the curve 20 in FIG. 6 results.
  • the evaluation variable is normalized to one.
  • a limit value is set, and for all times when the value for the evaluation quantity is above the limit value, the range extender should be operated. For a first limit value, this is illustrated in FIG. 7. light, you get time intervals 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, during which the range extender is operated. From curve 8 it can be seen that the edge extender is mostly operated when its power PRE is maximum. This does not mean conversely that at maximum possible power of the range extender this is also operated, because in the evaluation size is also applied by the electric machine electrical energy, which must be large at the same time.
  • FIG. 9 now shows how, during operation of the range extender during the time intervals 22, 24, 26, 28 and 30, an energy store of the electric vehicle is charged, see the curve 32.
  • the comparison value which is to be reached at the destination corresponds
  • setting the limit value according to FIG. 7 results in a charge of only 27% of the desired value.
  • the limit is now shifted downwards until more or longer time intervals of the operation of the range extender are obtained, see in Fig. 10 the time intervals 36, 38, 40, etc.
  • Fig. 11 shows how often the range extender is then operated, and
  • Fig. 12 now shows the curve 42, according to the desired state of charge is reached exactly at the end of the ride.
  • the planned route can already be divided into sections in advance, at the respective end (intermediate destination) of which a set charge state for the energy store is determined becomes.
  • the method is then carried out individually for each subsection or first carried out for the entire route, then checked for the fulfillment of the nominal charging states and, if appropriate, a correction in the threshold value is carried out locally.

Abstract

In order to plan the operation of a range extender in a vehicle having an electric drive on a planned route, the speed profile (10) on said route is predicted and with respect to the speed profile (10) the maximum possible electrical power (12) which can be output by the internal combustion engine is determined and simultaneously the electrical power (16) to be output by the electric drive is determined. From the output of the internal combustion engine and the electric power of the drive a parameter (20) can be formed, the time profile of which serves for definition of time intervals (36, 38, 40) in which the range extender is operated.

Description

Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Range-Extenders in einem Fahrzeug mit elektrischem Antrieb  Method for operating a range extender in a vehicle with electric drive
BESCHREIBUNG: DESCRIPTION:
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines zum Laden eines Energiespeichers dienenden Verbrennungsmotors in einem Fahrzeug mit einem von diesem Energiespeicher gespeisten elektrischen Antrieb auf einer geplanten Fahrstrecke. The invention relates to a method for operating an internal combustion engine serving for charging an energy store in a vehicle with an electric drive powered by this energy store on a planned driving route.
Ein solcher Verbrennungsmotor wird üblicherweise als Range-Extender bezeichnet und dient herkömmlicherweise nicht zum unmittelbaren Antrieb des Fahrzeugs. Sein Betrieb dient vielmehr ausschließlich der Generierung von elektrischer Energie zur Verlängerung der Betriebsdauer des Fahrzeugs und damit zur Erhöhung der möglichen durchfahrenen Fahrstrecke. Such an internal combustion engine is commonly referred to as a range extender and conventionally does not serve for the direct drive of the vehicle. Rather, its operation serves exclusively to generate electrical energy to extend the operating time of the vehicle and thus to increase the possible driving distance traveled.
Das Laden des typischerweise als Batterie ausgebildeten Energiespeichers muss zur Erhöhung der Fahrstrecke sorgfältig abgestimmt und geplant wer- den. Je besser man einen bestimmten Ladezustand des Energiespeichers am Fahrziel erreicht, desto effizienter ist es. Gibt man den Ladezustand am Ziel vor, dann lässt sich beispielsweise besonders viel Strom preisgünstig aus einer Steckdose laden und es wird weniger Strom teuer mit Hilfe des Range-Extenders erzeugt. Außerdem ist vorab zu berücksichtigen, dass in manchen Umweltzonen ein Betrieb des Range-Extenders nicht gestattet ist. The charging of the typically formed as a battery energy storage must be carefully tuned and planned to increase the route. The better you reach a specific state of charge of the energy storage at the destination, the more efficient it is. Specifying the state of charge at the destination, then, for example, particularly much electricity can be inexpensively charged from a power outlet and it is less expensive electricity generated using the range extender. It should also be noted in advance that in some environmental zones operation of the range extender is not permitted.
Aus der DE 10 2008 036 457 A1 ist es bekannt, einen im Schubbetrieb eines Kraftfahrzeugs betriebenen Generator vorausschauend zu betreiben, nämlich in Abhängigkeit von Eigenschaften einer voraussichtlichen Fahrtroute und/oder voraussichtlichen Verkehrsbedingungen und/oder voraussichtlichen Umgebungsbedingungen. Hier wird kein Range-Extender eingesetzt. From DE 10 2008 036 457 A1 it is known to operate a generator operated in overrun mode of a motor vehicle in a forward-looking manner, namely as a function of properties of an anticipated travel route and / or expected traffic conditions and / or expected environmental conditions. No range extender is used here.
Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, einen Range-Extender möglichst optimal, ins- besondere im Hinblick auf einen Sollladezustand am Ziel, zu betreiben, wenn eine Fahrstrecke vorab bekannt ist. It is an object of the invention to operate a range extender as optimally as possible, in particular with regard to a nominal charging state at the destination, if a driving route is known in advance.
Die Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen gemäß Patentanspruch 1 gelöst. The object is achieved by a method having the features according to claim 1.
Das Verfahren beginnt damit, dass ein Sollladezustand, den der Energiespeicher am Fahrziel (Ziel der geplanten Fahrstrecke) haben soll, festgelegt wird. Zudem wird für die geplante Fahrstrecke anhand von in einem (für die Planung der Fahrstrecke benutzten) Navigationssystem zur Verfügung stehenden Daten ein voraussichtlicher Verlauf der (Werte der) Fahrgeschwindigkeit vorhergesagt. Nun wird (bevorzugt aus dem voraussichtlichen Verlauf der Fahrgeschwindigkeit) der Verlauf der Werte der maximal möglichen, von dem Verbrennungsmotor abgebbaren elektrischen Leistung ermittelt. Unabhängig davon wird bevorzugt aus dem voraussichtlichen Verlauf der Fahrgeschwindigkeit der Verlauf der Werte der von dem elektrischen Speicher bereitzustellenden elektrischen Energie ermittelt, typischerweise also die Summe aus der von dem elektrischen Antrieb voraussichtlich aufzubringenden elektrischen Energie und die von weiteren Verbrauchern benötigten Energie ermittelt. Schließlich werden anhand der ermittelten Werte für die Leistung (Leistungswerte) und der ermittelten Werte für die Energie (Energiewerte) in der Zukunft liegende Zeitintervalle ermittelt, in denen der Verbrennungsmotor zu betreiben ist, derart, dass bei Einhaltung der voraussichtlichen Fahrge- schwindigkeit am Ziel mit einer vorbestimmten Mindestgenauigkeit der Sollladezustand des Energiespeichers erreicht wird. The method begins with a set charging state, which the energy store is to have at the destination (destination of the planned route). In addition, an anticipated course of the (values of) driving speed is predicted for the planned route on the basis of data available in a navigation system (used for the planning of the route). Now, the course of the values of the maximum possible electric power that can be output by the internal combustion engine is determined (preferably from the prospective course of the driving speed). Irrespective of this, the course of the values of the electrical energy to be provided by the electric storage is preferably determined from the prospective course of the driving speed, ie typically the sum of the electrical energy presumably to be applied by the electric drive and the energy required by other consumers. Finally, on the basis of the determined values for the power (power values) and the determined values for the energy (energy values), future time intervals are determined in which the internal combustion engine is to be operated in such a way that adhering to the anticipated driving speed at the destination a predetermined minimum accuracy of the target state of charge of the energy storage is achieved.
Die Erfindung beruht auf der Erkenntnis, dass es die von dem Verbrennungsmotor abgebbare elektrische Leistung einerseits ist, die bei der Pla- nung seines Betriebs zu berücksichtigen ist, als auch andererseits die von dem elektrischen Antrieb voraussichtlich aufzubringende elektrische Energie ist, welche zu berücksichtigen ist. The invention is based on the recognition that it is the electrical power which can be emitted by the internal combustion engine, on the one hand, which is to be taken into account in the planning of its operation, and, on the other hand, that of the electric drive is expected to be applied electrical energy, which is to be considered.
Bevorzugt erfolgt das Ermitteln der Zeitintervalle anhand des Verlaufs einer mit den Leistungswerten und den Energiewerten gebildeten Kenngröße, wobei insbesondere der Wert für die Kenngröße zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt aus dem entsprechenden Leistungswert zu demselben Zeitpunkt und dem Energiewert zu demselben Zeitpunkt gebildet wird. Bevorzugt ist die Kenngröße zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt das Produkt aus dem für diesen Zeitpunkt ermittelten Leistungswert für den Verbrennungsmotor und dem für denselben Zeitpunkt ermittelten Energiewert für den elektrischen Antrieb. Wird eine solche Kenngröße, insbesondere eben dieses Produkt, verwendet, dann lässt sich an dieser Kenngröße ein bestimmtes Kriterium festmachen, durch das die Zeitintervalle definiert werden. The time intervals are preferably determined on the basis of the characteristic of a parameter formed with the power values and the energy values, wherein in particular the value for the characteristic is formed at a specific time from the corresponding power value at the same time and the energy value at the same time. At a certain point in time, the parameter is preferably the product of the power value for the internal combustion engine determined for this time and the energy value for the electric drive determined for the same time. If such a parameter, in particular just this product, used, then can be fixed to this parameter a certain criterion by which the time intervals are defined.
Beispielsweise lässt sich ein Schwellwert für die Kenngröße festlegen, wobei die Zeitintervalle aus denjenigen Zeitintervallen ausgewählt sind, in denen die Kenngröße in einer vorbestimmten Beziehung zum Schwellwert steht, insbesondere vom Betrag her größer als der Schwellwert ist. Der Schwellwert muss dann lediglich derart geeignet gewählt sein, dass eben bei Einhaltung der vorausgesagten Fahrgeschwindigkeit am Ziel mit der gewünschten Genauigkeit der Sollladezustand des Energiespeichers erreicht wird. Dies kann man durch Variation des Schwellwerts insbesondere numerisch berechnen. Grundsätzlich können sämtliche Zeitintervalle zusammengenommen werden, bevorzugt werden jedoch bei dem Ermitteln der Zeitintervalle auch diejenigen Zeitintervalle berücksichtigt und bei der Auswahl ausgespart, die auf Streckenabschnitten der geplanten Fahrstrecke definiert wären, auf denen der Verbrennungsmotor nicht betrieben werden soll oder darf. Beispielsweise gibt es so genannte Umweltzonen, in denen der Betrieb des Range-Extenders verboten ist. Außerdem lassen sich zur Gewährleistung einer Fahrt ohne Risiko des Stehenbleibens Sollladezustände für den Energiespeicher an Zwischenzielen definieren und die Zeitintervalle entsprechend festlegen. Im obigen Fall der Festlegung eines Schwellwerts kann für entsprechende Teilstrecken jeweils ein gesonderter Schwellwert festgelegt werden. For example, it is possible to define a threshold value for the parameter, wherein the time intervals are selected from those time intervals in which the parameter is in a predetermined relationship to the threshold value, in particular is greater than the threshold value in terms of magnitude. The threshold value then only has to be chosen in such a way that the setpoint charging state of the energy store is achieved with the desired accuracy precisely when the predicted driving speed is maintained at the destination. This can be calculated numerically by variation of the threshold value. In principle, all time intervals can be combined, but preferably those time intervals are taken into account in determining the time intervals and omitted in the selection, which would be defined on sections of the planned route on which the internal combustion engine should not or may not be operated. For example, there are so-called environmental zones in which the operation of the range extender is prohibited. In addition, in order to ensure a ride without risk of stagnation, it is possible to define nominal charge states for the energy store at intermediate destinations and to set the time intervals accordingly. In the above case of the determination of a threshold value, a separate threshold value can be defined in each case for corresponding partial sections.
Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung sind alle Werte für die maximal mögliche von dem Verbrennungsmotor abgebbare Leistung wegen einer begrenzten Anzahl von Lastpunkten für diesen Verbrennungsmotor aus einer endlichen Zahl von Werten ausgewählt. Hier wird der Tatsache Rechnung getragen, dass der Verbrennungsmotor nur bei bestimmten Lastpunkten optimal elektrische Leistung generiert, wozu eine entsprechende An- steuerung durch ein Motorsteuergerät erfolgt. Bevorzugt erfolgt in zumindest einem Schritt des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens eine Rundung beziehungsweise zeitliche Mittelung von Werten, damit Extreme vermieden werden. Insbesondere bei Ermittlung der Verläufe der Leistung, die von dem Verbrennungsmotor maximal abgebbar ist, einerseits und der von dem elektrischen Antrieb aufzubringenden elektrischen Energie andererseits ist zu vermeiden, dass wegen des Auftretens von Spitzen hierin besonders kurze Zeitintervalle als vorteilhaft ermittelt werden. Durch eine Glättung kann bewirkt werden, dass die Zeitintervalle eher länger gewählt werden, damit nicht zuviel Kraftstoff durch den Verbrennungsmotor verbraucht wird. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, all values for the maximum possible power deliverable by the internal combustion engine are selected from a finite number of values because of a limited number of load points for that internal combustion engine. Here, the fact is taken into account that the internal combustion engine generates optimum electrical power only at certain load points, for which purpose an appropriate control by an engine control unit takes place. Preferably, in at least one step of the method according to the invention, a rounding or temporal averaging of values takes place so that extremes are avoided. In particular, when determining the progress of the power that is the maximum output from the internal combustion engine, on the one hand and the electrical energy to be applied by the electric drive on the other hand to avoid that particularly short time intervals are determined to be advantageous because of the occurrence of peaks herein. By smoothing it can be made that the time intervals are chosen rather longer, so that not too much fuel is consumed by the internal combustion engine.
Nachfolgend wird eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung unter Bezug auf die Zeichnung näher beschrieben, in der Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to the drawing, in which
Fig. 1 einen vorhergesagten Geschwindigkeitsverlauf für ein Fahrzeug mit elektrischem Antrieb und Range-Extender zeigt, FIG. 1 shows a predicted velocity profile for an electric drive and range extender vehicle; FIG.
Fig. 2 zu diesem Geschwindigkeitsverlauf unter Berücksichtigung einer Fig. 2 to this speed course taking into account a
Umweltzone die maximal mögliche, von dem Range-Extender aufbringbare Leistung zeigt, Fig. 3 die bei dem Geschwindigkeitsverlauf gemäß Fig. 1 von dem elektrischen Antrieb des Fahrzeugs aufzubringende Leistung zeigt und Environmental zone shows the maximum possible power that can be applied by the range extender, FIG. 3 shows the power to be applied by the electric drive of the vehicle in the course of the speed according to FIG. 1, and FIG
Fig. 4 zu dieser Leistung aus Fig. 3 die aufzubringende Energie zeigt, FIG. 4 shows the energy to be applied for this power from FIG. 3, FIG.
Fig. 5 das Produkt aus der in Fig. 4 gezeigten von der elektrischen Maschine aufzubringenden Energie mit der von dem Range-Extender aufbringbaren Leistung gemäß Fig. 2 als Kenn- oder Bewertungsgröße, 5 shows the product of the energy to be applied by the electric machine shown in FIG. 4 with the power that can be applied by the range extender according to FIG. 2 as a characteristic or evaluation variable, FIG.
Fig. 6 die Größe aus Fig. 5 nach einer Glättung, 6 shows the size of FIG. 5 after smoothing, FIG.
Fig. 7 das Definieren von Zeitintervallen anhand der Größe aus Fig. 6 bei Setzen eines Grenzwerts auf einen ersten Wert, 7 shows the definition of time intervals on the basis of the variable from FIG. 6 when a limit value is set to a first value, FIG.
Fig. 8 zu diesen Zeitintervallen die von dem Range-Extender aufgebrachte Leistung und Fig. 8 at these time intervals, the power applied by the range extender and
Fig. 9 die bei Aufbringen der Leistung gemäß Fig. 8 geladene Energie im Fig. 9, the charged in applying the power of FIG. 8 energy in
Vergleich zu der zu ladenden Energie,  Comparison to the energy to be charged,
Fig. 10 das Definieren von Zeitintervallen anhand der Größe aus Fig. 6 bei Setzen eines Grenzwerts auf einen zweiten Wert, Fig. 11 zu diesen Zeitintervallen die von dem Range-Extender aufgebrachte Leistung, 10 shows the definition of time intervals on the basis of the variable from FIG. 6 when setting a limit value to a second value, FIG. 11 shows the power applied by the range extender at these time intervals, FIG.
Fig. 12 die bei Aufbringen der Leistung gemäß Fig. 11 geladene Energie im Vergleich zu der zu ladenden Energie. Fig. 12, the energy charged in applying the power of FIG. 11 compared to the energy to be charged.
In an sich bekannter Weise, vergleiche zum Beispiel die nach dem Anmeldetag der vorliegenden Anmeldung veröffentlichte DE 10 2010 047 080.5, lässt sich bei Eingabe eines Fahrziels in das Navigationssystem eine Fahrstrecke planen und zu dieser Fahrstrecke anhand von Informationen über Steigungen der Fahrbahn, Geschwindigkeitsbeschränkungen etc. ein voraussichtlicher Geschwindigkeitsverlauf gemäß der Kurve 10 in Fig. 1 vorhersagen, d. h. es lassen sich Werte für die voraussichtliche Geschwindigkeit in Ab- hängigkeit von der während der geplanten Fahrt verstreichenden Zeit berechnen. In a manner known per se, compare, for example, the DE 10 2010 047 080.5 published after the filing date of the present application, a route can be entered when a destination is entered into the navigation system plan and predict on this route on the basis of information about inclinations of the road, speed restrictions, etc. an estimated speed curve according to the curve 10 in Fig. 1, ie it can be values for the estimated speed depending on the elapsed time during the planned trip time to calculate.
Bei einer Teilstrecke soll hierbei eine Umweltzone durchfahren werden. Vorliegend soll ein Elektrofahrzeug, also ein Fahrzeug mit elektrischem Antrieb, das über einen so genannten Range-Extender verfügt, also eine Brennkraftmaschine, die einen Energiespeicher des Elektrofahrzeugs während der Fahrt oder zuvor lädt, die geplante Fahrstrecke fahren. Der Range- Extender soll vorliegend bei ganz bestimmten Lastpunkten betreibbar sein. Dies drückt sich darin aus, dass die Werte für die zulässige Leistung PRE, zulässig, begrenzt diskretisiert sind. Fig. 2 zeigt in Kurve 12 den Verlauf dieser Werte während der geplanten Fahrt. Zu beachten ist, dass im Bereich der Umweltzone der Range-Extender gar nicht betrieben werden darf. Zu dem Geschwindigkeitsverlauf aus Fig. 1 lässt sich zudem die Kurve 14 ermitteln, die die Leistung PEM, positiv veranschaulicht, welche von der elektrischen Maschine des Fahrzeugs aufzubringen ist. Zu der Leistung gemäß Kurve 14 lässt sich dann die Energie EE , positiv gemäß Kurve 16 berechnen. Nun multipliziert man für jeden Zeitpunkt des Zeitstrahls während der Fahrt den jeweiligen Wert aus der Kurve 12 mit dem jeweiligen Wert aus der Kurve 16. Dies soll vorliegend ein Kennwert oder ein Bewertungswert sein, die Bewertungsgröße ist somit EEM, positiv x PRE, zulässig, begrenzt und hat den zeitlichen Verlauf gemäß der Kurve 18. Nach einer Glättung ergibt sich der zeitliche Verlauf gemäß der Kurve 20 in Fig. 6. Die Bewertungsgröße wird hierbei auf Eins normiert. In this case, an environmental zone is to be passed through in one section. In the present case, an electric vehicle, that is to say a vehicle with an electric drive, which has a so-called range extender, ie an internal combustion engine which charges an energy store of the electric vehicle while driving or previously, is to drive the planned driving route. The range extender should in the present case be operable at very specific load points. This is expressed by the fact that the values for the permissible power PRE, permissible, are limitedly discretized. FIG. 2 shows in curve 12 the course of these values during the planned journey. It should be noted that the range extender may not be operated in the area of the environmental zone. For the speed profile from FIG. 1, it is also possible to determine the curve 14 which positively illustrates the power PEM, which is to be applied by the vehicle's electric machine. The energy E E , positive according to curve 16 can then be calculated for the power according to curve 14. Now multiply the respective value from the curve 12 with the respective value from the curve 16 for each time point of the time beam while driving. This should be a characteristic value or an evaluation value in the present case, the evaluation variable is therefore EEM, positive x PRE, permissible, limited and has the time profile according to the curve 18. After smoothing, the time profile according to the curve 20 in FIG. 6 results. The evaluation variable is normalized to one.
Anhand der Bewertungsgröße versucht man nun Zeitintervalle festzulegen: Es wird ein Grenzwert gesetzt, und für alle Zeiten, bei denen der Wert für die Bewertungsgröße oberhalb des Grenzwerts liegt, soll der Range-Extender betrieben werden. Für einen ersten Grenzwert ist dies in Fig. 7 veranschau- licht, man erhält Zeitintervalle 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, während derer der Range- Extender betrieben wird. Anhand von Kurve 8 ist zu ersehen, dass der Ran- ge-Extender meistens dann betrieben wird, wenn seine Leistung PRE maximal ist. Dies bedeutet nicht umgekehrt, dass bei maximal möglicher Leistung des Range-Extenders dieser auch betrieben wird, denn in die Bewertungsgröße geht auch die von der elektrischen Maschine aufzubringende elektrische Energie ein, die gleichzeitig groß sein muss. Using the evaluation variable, one now tries to set time intervals: A limit value is set, and for all times when the value for the evaluation quantity is above the limit value, the range extender should be operated. For a first limit value, this is illustrated in FIG. 7. light, you get time intervals 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, during which the range extender is operated. From curve 8 it can be seen that the edge extender is mostly operated when its power PRE is maximum. This does not mean conversely that at maximum possible power of the range extender this is also operated, because in the evaluation size is also applied by the electric machine electrical energy, which must be large at the same time.
Fig. 9 zeigt nun, wie bei Betrieb des Range-Extenders während der Zeitinter- valle 22, 24, 26, 28 und 30 ein Energiespeicher des Elektrofahrzeugs geladen wird, siehe die Kurve 32. Der Vergleichswert, der am Ziel erreicht werden soll, entspricht der Kurve 34. Bei Setzen des Grenzwerts gemäß Fig. 7 erhält man somit lediglich eine Ladung von 27 % des gewünschten Werts. Man verschiebt nun die Grenze solange nach unten, bis man immer mehr oder immer längere Zeitintervalle des Betriebs des Range-Extenders erhält, siehe in Fig. 10 die Zeitintervalle 36, 38, 40 etc. Fig. 11 zeigt, wie oft der Range-Extender dann betrieben wird, und Fig. 12 zeigt nun die Kurve 42, dergemäß der gewünschte Ladungszustand genau am Ende der Fahrt er- reicht wird. FIG. 9 now shows how, during operation of the range extender during the time intervals 22, 24, 26, 28 and 30, an energy store of the electric vehicle is charged, see the curve 32. The comparison value which is to be reached at the destination corresponds Thus, setting the limit value according to FIG. 7 results in a charge of only 27% of the desired value. The limit is now shifted downwards until more or longer time intervals of the operation of the range extender are obtained, see in Fig. 10 the time intervals 36, 38, 40, etc. Fig. 11 shows how often the range extender is then operated, and Fig. 12 now shows the curve 42, according to the desired state of charge is reached exactly at the end of the ride.
Man kann somit einen Ladezustand vorgeben und zu der Bewertungsgröße einen Grenzwert derart festlegen, dass genau der gewünschte Ladezustand am Ende der Fahrt erreicht wird, sofern es vorliegend überhaupt eine Lösung gibt. Durch das Vorgehen gemäß dem hier beschriebenen erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren lässt sich eine hohe Präzision bei der Erreichung von Zielwerten für den Ladezustand des Speichers für elektrische Energie erreichen. Der Betrieb des Range-Extenders wird vollständig vorab geplant, und zwar anhand des Geschwindigkeitsverlaufs 10. Gegebenenfalls kann nachträglich noch eine Korrektur erfolgen, indem das Verfahren nochmals für die jeweils verbleibende Fahrstrecke durchgeführt wird und der jeweils tatsächlich erreichte Ladezustand bei der Festlegung des Grenzwerts und damit der Zeitintervalle berücksichtigt wird. Genauso kann bereits vorab die geplante Fahrstrecke in Teilstrecken eingeteilt werden, an deren jeweiligem Ende (Zwischenziel) je ein Sollladezustand für den Energiespeicher festgelegt wird. Das Verfahren wird dann für jede Teilstrecke einzeln durchgeführt bzw. zunächst für die Gesamtstrecke durchgeführt, dann auf die Erfüllung der Sollladezustände geprüft und gegebenenfalls eine Korrektur im Schwellwert lokal vorgenommen. It is thus possible to specify a state of charge and to set a limit value for the evaluation variable in such a way that exactly the desired state of charge is reached at the end of the journey, provided there is a solution in the present case. By the procedure according to the inventive method described here, a high precision can be achieved in the achievement of target values for the state of charge of the memory for electrical energy. The operation of the range extender is fully planned in advance, using the course of the speed 10. Optionally, a correction can be made later by the procedure is carried out again for the remaining distance and the actually achieved state of charge when setting the limit and thus the time intervals is taken into account. In the same way, the planned route can already be divided into sections in advance, at the respective end (intermediate destination) of which a set charge state for the energy store is determined becomes. The method is then carried out individually for each subsection or first carried out for the entire route, then checked for the fulfillment of the nominal charging states and, if appropriate, a correction in the threshold value is carried out locally.

Claims

PATENTANSPRÜCHE: CLAIMS:
Verfahren zum Betreiben eines zum Laden eines Energiespeichers dienenden Verbrennungsmotors in einem Fahrzeug mit einem von dem Energiespeicher gespeisten elektrischen Antrieb auf einer geplanten Fahrstrecke, bei dem A method for operating an internal combustion engine for charging an energy storage device in a vehicle with an electric drive powered by the energy storage device on a planned driving route, in which
a) ein Sollladezustand festgelegt wird, den der Energiespeicher am Ziel der geplanten Fahrstrecke haben soll, a) a target charge state is set, which the energy store should have at the destination of the planned route,
b) für die geplante Fahrstrecke anhand von in einem Navigationssystem zur Verfügung stehenden Daten ein voraussichtlicher Verlauf (10) der Fahrgeschwindigkeit vorhergesagt wird, b) an anticipated course (10) of the driving speed is predicted for the planned route on the basis of data available in a navigation system,
c) der voraussichtliche Verlauf (12) der Werte der maximal möglichen, von dem Verbrennungsmotor abgebbaren elektrischen Leistung ermittelt wird, c) the probable course (12) of the values of the maximum possible electric power that can be output by the internal combustion engine is determined,
d) aus dem voraussichtlichen Verlauf der Fahrgeschwindigkeit der Verlauf (16) der Werte der von dem Energiespeicher voraussichtlich bereitzustellenden elektrischen Energie ermittelt wird, d) the course (16) of the values of the electrical energy expected to be provided by the energy store is determined from the prospective course of the driving speed,
e) anhand der in Schritt c) ermittelten Leistungswerte und der in Schritt d) ermittelten Energiewerte Zeitintervalle (36, 38, 40) ermittelt werden, in denen der Verbrennungsmotor betrieben wird derart, dass bei Einhaltung der vorausgesagten Fahrgeschwindigkeit am Ziel mit einer vorbestimmten Mindestgenauigkeit der Sollladezustand des Energiespeichers erreicht wird. e) based on the power values determined in step c) and the energy values determined in step d), time intervals (36, 38, 40) are determined in which the internal combustion engine is operated such that when the predicted driving speed at the destination is maintained at a predetermined minimum accuracy Sollladezustand the energy storage is achieved.
Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , Method according to claim 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass characterized in that
die Zeitintervalle (36, 38, 40) anhand des Verlaufs (20) einer mit den in Schritt c) ermittelten Leistungswerten und den in Schritt d) ermittelten Energiewerten gebildeten Kenngröße ermittelt werden. the time intervals (36, 38, 40) are determined on the basis of the course (20) of a characteristic value determined with the power values determined in step c) and the parameter formed in step d).
Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, Method according to claim 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass characterized in that
die Kenngröße das Produkt der in Schritt c) ermittelten Leistungswerte mit dem jeweiligen in Schritt d) ermittelten Energiewert ist. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, the parameter is the product of the power values determined in step c) with the respective energy value determined in step d). Method according to claim 2 or 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that
ein Schwellwert für die Kenngröße festgelegt wird, wobei die Zeitintervalle (36, 38, 40) aus denjenigen Zeitintervallen ausgewählt sind, in denen die Kenngröße in einer vorbestimmten Beziehung zum Schwellwert steht, insbesondere vom Betrag her größer als der Schwellwert ist.  a threshold value for the parameter is determined, wherein the time intervals (36, 38, 40) are selected from those time intervals in which the parameter is in a predetermined relationship to the threshold value, in particular greater in magnitude than the threshold value.
Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, Method according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that
bei dem Ermitteln der Zeitintervalle (36, 38, 40) berücksichtigt wird, wenn auf Streckenabschnitten der geplanten Fahrstrecke der Verbrennungsmotor nicht betrieben werden soll oder darf.  is taken into account in the determination of the time intervals (36, 38, 40) if the internal combustion engine is not intended to or can not be operated on sections of the planned route.
Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, Method according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass characterized in that
bei dem Ermitteln der Zeitintervalle (36,38,40) ein Sollladezustand des Energiespeichers für Zwischenziele berücksichtigt wird. when determining the time intervals (36, 38, 40) a nominal charging state of the energy store for intermediate destinations is taken into account.
Verfahren nach Anspruch 6 in dessen Rückbezug auf Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die geplante Fahrstrecke in Teilstrecken eingeteilt wird, deren Ziel je eines der Zwischenziele ist, und dass zu jeder Teilstrecke ein gesonderter Schwellwert festgelegt wird. A method according to claim 6 in its back to claim 4, characterized in that the planned route is divided into sections whose destination is ever one of the intermediate destinations, and that a separate threshold is set for each leg.
Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, Method according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that
die Werte für die maximal mögliche, von dem Verbrennungsmotor abgebbare Leistung aus einer endlichen Zahl von Werten ausgewählt sind.  the values for the maximum possible power deliverable by the engine are selected from a finite number of values.
Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, Method according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass characterized in that
der voraussichtliche Verlauf (12) der Werte der maximal möglichen, von dem Verbrennungsmotor abgebbaren elektrischen Leistung aus dem voraussichtlichen Verlauf (10) der Fahrgeschwindigkeit ermittelt wird. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, the probable course (12) of the values of the maximum possible electrical power which can be output by the internal combustion engine is determined from the prospective course (10) of the driving speed. Method according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass characterized in that
die von dem Energiespeicher bereitzustellenden Energie die Summe aus der von dem elektrischen Antrieb benötigten Energie und von weiteren Verbrauchern benötigten Energie ist. the energy to be supplied by the energy store is the sum of the energy required by the electric drive and the energy needed by other consumers.
Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, Method according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that
in zumindest einem Schritt eine Mittelung von Werten erfolgt.  in at least one step an averaging of values takes place.
PCT/EP2011/006371 2011-03-10 2011-12-16 Method for operating a range extender in a vehicle having an electric drive WO2012119630A2 (en)

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