WO2012113748A1 - Verwendung von schichtaufbauten in windkraftanlagen - Google Patents
Verwendung von schichtaufbauten in windkraftanlagen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012113748A1 WO2012113748A1 PCT/EP2012/052847 EP2012052847W WO2012113748A1 WO 2012113748 A1 WO2012113748 A1 WO 2012113748A1 EP 2012052847 W EP2012052847 W EP 2012052847W WO 2012113748 A1 WO2012113748 A1 WO 2012113748A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- optionally
- plastic
- reaction mixture
- fiber
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
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- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 25
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- 240000007182 Ochroma pyramidale Species 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
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- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001721 transfer moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009755 vacuum infusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- AZYRZNIYJDKRHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis(2-isocyanatopropan-2-yl)benzene Chemical compound O=C=NC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC(C(C)(C)N=C=O)=C1 AZYRZNIYJDKRHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTTZISZSHSCFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis(isocyanatomethyl)benzene Chemical compound O=C=NCC1=CC=CC(CN=C=O)=C1 RTTZISZSHSCFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AGJCSCSSMFRMFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-bis(2-isocyanatopropan-2-yl)benzene Chemical compound O=C=NC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(C(C)(C)N=C=O)C=C1 AGJCSCSSMFRMFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ALQLPWJFHRMHIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-diisocyanatobenzene Chemical compound O=C=NC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 ALQLPWJFHRMHIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OVBFMUAFNIIQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-diisocyanatobutane Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCN=C=O OVBFMUAFNIIQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDMDQYCEEKCBGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-diisocyanatocyclohexane Chemical compound O=C=NC1CCC(N=C=O)CC1 CDMDQYCEEKCBGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBJCUZQNHOLYMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-Naphthalene diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N=C=O)=CC=CC2=C1N=C=O SBJCUZQNHOLYMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DFPJRUKWEPYFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-diisocyanatopentane Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCN=C=O DFPJRUKWEPYFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGLRLXLDMZCFBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,6-diisocyanato-2,4,4-trimethylhexane Chemical compound O=C=NCC(C)CC(C)(C)CCN=C=O QGLRLXLDMZCFBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940008841 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LFSYUSUFCBOHGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-isocyanato-2-[(4-isocyanatophenyl)methyl]benzene Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=CC=C1N=C=O LFSYUSUFCBOHGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KUBDPQJOLOUJRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)oxirane;4-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]phenol Chemical compound ClCC1CO1.C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 KUBDPQJOLOUJRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WTYYGFLRBWMFRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[6-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)hexoxymethyl]oxirane Chemical compound C1OC1COCCCCCCOCC1CO1 WTYYGFLRBWMFRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002430 Fibre-reinforced plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005057 Hexamethylene diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006231 aramid fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004380 ashing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000005337 ground glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002557 mineral fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002984 plastic foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000275 quality assurance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,6-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=C(N=C=O)C=CC=C1N=C=O RUELTTOHQODFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006305 unsaturated polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010456 wollastonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/28—Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
- F01D5/282—Selecting composite materials, e.g. blades with reinforcing filaments
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/40—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyurethanes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/28—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer impregnated with or embedded in a plastic substance
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D1/06—Rotors
- F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
- F03D1/0675—Rotors characterised by their construction elements of the blades
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2225/00—Synthetic polymers, e.g. plastics; Rubber
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49316—Impeller making
- Y10T29/49336—Blade making
- Y10T29/49337—Composite blade
Definitions
- the invention relates to the use of layer structures in the manufacture of rotor blades for wind turbines and rotor blades for wind turbines.
- the main focus is on the quality of the rotor blades produced and a cost-effective production.
- the previously known rotor blades for wind turbines consist of fiber-reinforced plastics based on resins as matrix material, such as polyester resins (UP), vinyl ester resins (VE), epoxy resins (EP).
- UP polyester resins
- VE vinyl ester resins
- EP epoxy resins
- the production of the sheets is mainly borrowed so that in each case a lower and an upper half of the wing are produced in one piece. These two halves are then placed on each other and glued. Struts or straps are glued in for reinforcement.
- the rotor blades for wind turbines of the aforementioned resins are usually produced by hand lamination, hand lamination with the assistance of prepreg technology, by winding method or the vacuum-assisted Inf sion method.
- manual lamination a mold is first prepared by applying a release agent and optionally a gelcoat to the mold surface. Subsequently, glass scrims with unidirectional or biaxial orientation are successively placed in the mold. Thereafter, the resin is applied to the scrim and manually pressed by rolling into the scrim. This step can be repeated accordingly.
- straps can be incorporated as reinforcement material and other parts, such as lightning protection devices.
- a so-called spacer layer usually made of balsa wood, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) - or polyurethane (PUR) foam, and a second glass fiber reinforced layer applied analogously to the first.
- PVC polyvinyl chloride
- PUR polyurethane
- prepregs impregnated with resin prefabricated glass mats
- the partial automation for the production of the prepregs which is carried out in comparison with the simple manual lamination, leads to improved quality consistency in rotor production
- the protection of workers from the volatile compounds contained in the liquid resin mixtures requires a considerable effort (job security, etc.).
- the molds are prepared by a release agent and possibly a gelcoat Then the dry fiber mats are put into the mold according to an exact manufacturing plan. The first layer will later be the outermost layer of the rotor blade, then the spacers will be inserted, whereupon fiber mats will be placed again
- the resin is injected into the mold (space between foil and mold). This method has - as well as the two previously mentioned - the disadvantage that the necessary curing time to demolding of the component with up to 12 hours is very long and the
- Object of the present invention was therefore to provide rotor blades available that do not have the aforementioned disadvantages and also cost in a shorter time and with better mechanical properties, such as a higher strength can be produced.
- this object could be achieved by producing the rotor blades with polyurethane, which is obtainable by the reaction of polyisocyanate with glycerine-initiated polypropylene oxide polyol, as a plastic instead of the abovementioned resins.
- polyurethane which is obtainable by the reaction of polyisocyanate with glycerine-initiated polypropylene oxide polyol, as a plastic instead of the abovementioned resins.
- polyurethane is used as a plastic according to the invention; The fiber layers used in the outer shell are thus applied.
- the invention relates to rotor blades for wind turbines, which have an outer shell, which consists at least partially of a layer structure with the following layers a) a release agent layer
- Another object of the invention is a method for producing the rotor blades according to the invention for wind turbines, which have an outer shell, which consists at least partially of a layer structure with the following layers a) a release agent layer
- the fiber layers are treated with a reaction mixture for the production of polyurethane as a plastic, wherein the reaction mixture is obtainable from the components
- Another object of the invention is the use of a layer structure in the manufacture of rotor blades for wind turbines, wherein the layer structure comprises the following layers
- Silicone or wax-containing release agents are preferably used for the release agent layer. These are known from the literature.
- a release film may also be used as the release agent layer.
- the gelcoat layer preferably consists of polyurethane, epoxy, unsaturated polyester or vinyl resins.
- Fiber layer preferably Glasturawirrlagen, glass fiber fabrics and scrims, cut or ground glass or mineral fibers and fiber mats, nonwovens and knitted fabric based on polymer, mineral, carbon, basalt, steel, glass or Aramid fibers and mixtures thereof, particularly preferably glass fiber mats or glass fiber webs are used.
- the fiber content in the polyurethane-provided fiber layer is preferably between 40 and 90 wt .-%, preferably between 50 and 80 wt .-% and particularly preferably between 60 and 75 wt .-%.
- the fiber content can be determined in glass fiber reinforced components, for example by ashing.
- Plastic foams such as, for example, PVC foams, PET foams or polymethacrylamide foams, wood, such as, for example, balsa wood or metal, may preferably be used as the spacer layer.
- the optionally used plastic film f) can remain as a layer in the casing during the production of the rotor blade or be removed during demolding of half of the rotor blade. In particular, it serves to seal the mold half-shell, which is equipped with the aforementioned layers, in the production process for evacuation before filling with the liquid resin mixture.
- auxiliary agents such as tear-off films (“peel films”) or flow aids, such as flow webs or slit films may be used, if desired, these may additionally be used to achieve a uniform impregnation of the fibrous layer e) They are preferred after production of the layer structure removed again to save weight in the finished rotor blade.
- polyurethanes are obtainable by the reaction of polyisocyanates A) with compounds B) with at least two isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms.
- a glycerol started polypropylene oxide (propoxylated glycerol) as component B) a polyurethane which shows a very slow increase in viscosity in the production, but can be cured quickly and in the finished glass fiber reinforced polyurethane significantly better mechanical properties than in the Use of the plastics used so far shows.
- the reaction mixture used according to the invention is injected into the prepared evacuated layer structure.
- the polyol formulation preferably contains as glycerine-initiated polypropylene oxide polyols those having an OH number of 250 to 1000 mg KOH / g, preferably from 300 to 800 mg KOH / g and more preferably from 350 to 500 mg KOH / g.
- the viscosity of the polyols is preferably ⁇ 800 mPas (at 25 ° C.), preferably ⁇ 500 mPas (at 25 ° C.).
- the weight percentage of glycerol in the starter mixture is preferably 50-100% by weight, preferably 80-100% by weight.
- customary initiators such as, for example, 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane, triethanolamine, sorbitol, pentaerythritol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol can only be used in combination with glycerol.
- the polyisocyanate component used are the customary aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and, in particular, aromatic di- and / or polyisocyanates.
- polyisocyanates examples include 1,4-butylene diisocyanate, 1,5-pentane diisocyanate, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), 2,2,4- and / or 2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, bis ( 4,4'-isocyanatocyclohexyl) methane or mixtures thereof with the remaining isomers, 1,4-cyclohexylene diisocyanate, 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate, 2,4- and / or 2,6-toluene diisocyanate (TDI),
- 1,5-naphthylene diisocyanate 2,2'- and / or 2,4'- and / or 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and / or higher homologues (pMDI) thereof, 1,3- and / or 1, 4-Bis- (2-isocyanato-prop-2-yl) -benzene (TMXDI), 1,3-bis (isocyanatomethyl) benzene (XDI).
- isocyanate is preferably diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and in particular mixtures of diphenylmethane diisocyanate and polyphenylene polymethylene polyisocyanate (pMDI).
- the mixtures of diphenylmethane diisocyanate and polyphenylenepolymethylene polyisocyanate have a preferred monomer content of between 50 and 100% by weight, preferably between 60 and 95% by weight, more preferably between 70 and 90% by weight.
- the NCO content of the polyisocyanate used should preferably be above 25% by weight, preferably above 30% by weight, particularly preferably above 31.4% by weight.
- the MDI used should have a content of 2,2'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate of at least 3 wt .-%, preferably at least 20 wt .-%.
- the viscosity of the isocyanate should preferably be ⁇ 250 mPas (at 25 ° C.), preferably ⁇ 100 mPas (at 25 ° C.) and particularly preferably ⁇ 30 mPas (at 25 ° C.).
- the polyurethane reaction mixture may preferably contain fillers, such as carbon nanotubes, barium sulfate, titanium dioxide, short glass fibers, or natural fibrous or plate-like minerals, such as the known reactive components and additives and additives. Wollastonite or Muskowite included. Stabilizers, defoamers, catalysts and latent catalysts are preferably used as additives and additives. Other known additives and additives can be used as needed.
- fillers such as carbon nanotubes, barium sulfate, titanium dioxide, short glass fibers, or natural fibrous or plate-like minerals, such as the known reactive components and additives and additives. Wollastonite or Muskowite included.
- Stabilizers, defoamers, catalysts and latent catalysts are preferably used as additives and additives. Other known additives and additives can be used as needed.
- Suitable polyurethane systems are especially those which are transparent. Since in the production of larger moldings a low viscosity is necessary for a uniform filling of the mold and wetting of the fibers, polyurethane systems are therefore particularly suitable which have a viscosity of ⁇ 5000 mPas (at 35 ° C., 60 minutes after mixing the components), preferably ⁇ 4000 mPas, more preferably ⁇ 3500 mPas and directly after mixing the components of the reactive mixture have a viscosity of 30 to 500 mPas (at 35 ° C), preferably between 40 and 150 mPas (at 35 ° C) and more preferably between 50 and 100 mPas (at 35 ° C).
- the reaction ratio between isocyanate component and polyol formulation is preferably selected such that the ratio of the number of isocyanate groups to the number of isocyanate-reactive groups in the reaction mixture is between 0.9 and 1.5, preferably between 1.0 and 1.2 between 1.02 and 1.15.
- the polyurethane obtained preferably has a tensile strength according to DIN EN ISO 527 of more than 70 MPa, preferably more than 80 MPa, in order to withstand the high mechanical stresses in a rotor blade.
- the reaction mixture of isocyanate component and polyol component is injected at a temperature between 20 and 80 ° C, more preferably between 25 and 40 ° C. After charging the reaction mixture, the curing of the polyurethane can be accelerated by heating the mold.
- the injected reaction mixture of isocyanate component and compounds having at least two isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms at a temperature between 40 and 160 ° C, preferably between 60 and 120 ° C, more preferably between 70 and 90 ° C, cured.
- moldings (panels) of different polyurethane systems were prepared and compared to a standard epoxy resin system.
- the polyols were degassed at a pressure of 1 mbar for 60 minutes and then treated with Desmodur® VP.PU 60RE11 and degassed for about 5 minutes at a pressure of 1 mbar and then poured into the plate molds.
- the thickness of the plates was 4 mm.
- the plates were poured at room temperature and annealed overnight in a drying oven heated to 80 ° C. This gave transparent plates.
- the epitaxial resin system Larit RIM 135 and the hardener Larit RIMH 137 were degassed, poured into plates and annealed overnight. The quantities and properties are shown in the table.
- the polyurethane plates 1 to 4 could be removed from the mold after only 2 hours without deformation, in Comparative Example 5, this was possible only after a much longer time of about 12 hours.
- glass fiber reinforced polyurethane materials can be produced by the vacuum infusion process with a glass fiber content of about 60 wt .-%.
- Teflon tube Glass fiber content of about 65% by weight, based on the later component was reached.
- One side of the Teflon tube was immersed in the reaction mixture and vacuum was applied to the other side of the tube with an oil pump so that the reaction mixture was sucked into the tube. After the tubes were filled, they were annealed for 10 hours at 70 ° C. The Teflon tube was removed in each case and obtained a transparent fiber-reinforced molded body.
- the viscosity was determined 60 minutes after mixing the components at a constant temperature of 35 ° C with a rotary viscometer at a shear rate of 60 1 / s. In the production of larger moldings, a low viscosity is necessary for a certain time for a uniform filling of the mold. starting compound
- Polyol Glycerine-initiated polypropylene oxide polyol having a functionality of 3 and an OH number of 450 mg KOH / g and a viscosity of 420 mPas (at 25 ° C).
- Polyol 2 Glycerine-initiated polypropylene oxide polyol having a functionality of 3 and an OH number of 400 mg KOH / g and a viscosity of 370 mPas (at 25 ° C).
- TMP Trimethylolpropane
- Polyol 4 glycerol and sorbitol (weight ratio 30 to 70) started polypropylene oxide polyol with an OH number of 430 mg KOH / g and a viscosity of about 9000 mPas (at 20 ° C).
- Desmodur® VP.PU 60RE11 is a mixture of diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate (MDI) with isomers and higher functional homologues with an NCO content of 32.6% by weight; Viscosity at 25 ° C: 20 mPas.
- Larit RIM 135 (L-135i) and Larit RIMH 137 are products of Lange + Ritter.
- Larit RIM 135 is an epoxy resin based on a bisphenol A-epichlorohydrin resin and a 1,6-hexanediol diglycidyl ether with an epoxide equivalent of 166-185 g / equivalent
- RIMH 137 is a hardener based on IPDA (isophorone diamine) and alkyl ether amines with one Amine number of 400-600 mg KOH / g.
- the inventive examples 1 and 2 show at a short demolding of 2 hours a very good combination of a slow increase in viscosity at a low initial viscosity at 35 ° C with a viscosity at 35 ° C of less than 5000 mPas after 60 minutes, which is for the production of is very important to large fiber-reinforced structural components, and at the same time has very good mechanical properties, such as a strength of over 70 MPa.
- Comparative Examples 3 and 4 show a significantly faster viscosity increase with a slightly higher initial viscosity at 35 ° C and a viscosity at 35 ° C of well over 5000 mPas after 60 minutes, which makes the production of large fiber-reinforced components very difficult.
- Comparative Example 5 shows a very slow increase in viscosity, but at the same time a significantly longer demolding time (about 12 hours) than Example 1 and 2 (about 2 hours). This leads to low productivity. In addition, the mechanical properties with a strength of less than 70 MPa are poor.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (10)
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CA2828035A CA2828035A1 (en) | 2011-02-25 | 2012-02-20 | Use of layer structures in wind energy plants |
PL12706797T PL2678151T3 (pl) | 2011-02-25 | 2012-02-20 | Zastosowanie struktur warstwowych w turbinach wiatrowych |
MX2013009565A MX2013009565A (es) | 2011-02-25 | 2012-02-20 | Uso de estructuras de capas en plantas de energia eolica. |
ES12706797.3T ES2646391T3 (es) | 2011-02-25 | 2012-02-20 | Uso de estructuras estratificadas en plantas de energía eólica |
EP12706797.3A EP2678151B1 (de) | 2011-02-25 | 2012-02-20 | Verwendung von schichtaufbauten in windkraftanlagen |
CN201280010441.9A CN103619579B (zh) | 2011-02-25 | 2012-02-20 | 多层结构在风力发电装置中的应用 |
US14/001,207 US9085990B2 (en) | 2011-02-25 | 2012-02-20 | Use of layer structures in wind power plants |
BR112013021601A BR112013021601A2 (pt) | 2011-02-25 | 2012-02-20 | uso de estruturas em camadas para centrais de energia eólica |
DK12706797.3T DK2678151T3 (da) | 2011-02-25 | 2012-02-20 | Anvendelse af lagdelte opbygninger i vindmøller |
AU2012219675A AU2012219675B2 (en) | 2011-02-25 | 2012-02-20 | Use of layer structures in wind energy plants |
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DE102011004723.9 | 2011-02-25 | ||
DE102011004723A DE102011004723A1 (de) | 2011-02-25 | 2011-02-25 | Verwendung von Schichtaufbauten in Windkraftanlagen |
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PCT/EP2012/052847 WO2012113748A1 (de) | 2011-02-25 | 2012-02-20 | Verwendung von schichtaufbauten in windkraftanlagen |
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US (1) | US9085990B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2678151B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN103619579B (de) |
AU (1) | AU2012219675B2 (de) |
BR (1) | BR112013021601A2 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2828035A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102011004723A1 (de) |
DK (1) | DK2678151T3 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2646391T3 (de) |
MX (1) | MX2013009565A (de) |
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WO (1) | WO2012113748A1 (de) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN105492760A (zh) * | 2013-08-28 | 2016-04-13 | 乌本产权有限公司 | 用于风能设备的转子叶片元件、转子叶片及其制造方法和具有转子叶片的风能设备 |
WO2019053061A1 (en) | 2017-09-12 | 2019-03-21 | Covestro Deutschland Ag | COMPOSITE MATERIAL COMPRISING A POLYURETHANE-POLYACRYLATE RESIN MATRIX |
EP3549670A1 (de) | 2018-04-06 | 2019-10-09 | Covestro Deutschland AG | Verfahren zur herstellung eines polyurethan-poly(meth)acrylat-harzes |
Families Citing this family (5)
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DE102009058101A1 (de) * | 2009-12-12 | 2011-06-16 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Verwendung von Schichtaufbauten in Windkraftanlagen |
DE102015105336A1 (de) * | 2015-04-08 | 2016-10-13 | Peter Dolibog | Mehrschichtiger Formkörper aus Kunststoffen mit unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
WO2016207191A1 (de) * | 2015-06-24 | 2016-12-29 | Covestro Deutschland Ag | Polyurethansysteme für schichtaufbauten in windkraftanlagen |
CN108248170A (zh) * | 2016-12-29 | 2018-07-06 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | 一种复合材料及其制备方法和应用 |
CN115667348A (zh) * | 2020-05-18 | 2023-01-31 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 聚氨酯形成体系、包含聚氨酯形成体系和纤维增强材料的复合材料及其生产方法和用途 |
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WO2010125012A1 (de) * | 2009-04-30 | 2010-11-04 | Basf Se | Verwendung eines verbundwerkstoffes auf basis eines einkomponenten-polyurethanklebstoffes |
WO2012022683A1 (de) * | 2010-08-16 | 2012-02-23 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Faserverbundbauteil und ein verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
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EP0790276A3 (de) * | 1996-02-14 | 1998-05-13 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Herstellung von flächigen Polyurethan-Formteilen |
DE20211026U1 (de) * | 2001-12-17 | 2002-10-02 | Bayer Ag | Verbundteile aus Deckschichten und Polyurethan-Sandwichmaterialien |
DE102004030196A1 (de) * | 2004-06-22 | 2006-01-19 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyurethan-Formkörpern |
US8402652B2 (en) * | 2005-10-28 | 2013-03-26 | General Electric Company | Methods of making wind turbine rotor blades |
DE102009058101A1 (de) * | 2009-12-12 | 2011-06-16 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Verwendung von Schichtaufbauten in Windkraftanlagen |
DE102010041256A1 (de) * | 2010-09-23 | 2012-03-29 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Prepregs auf der Basis lagerstabiler reaktiven oder hochreaktiven Polyurethanzusammensetzung mit fixierter Folie sowie die daraus hergestellten Composite-Bauteil |
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- 2012-02-20 AU AU2012219675A patent/AU2012219675B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2012-02-20 US US14/001,207 patent/US9085990B2/en active Active
- 2012-02-20 CN CN201280010441.9A patent/CN103619579B/zh active Active
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WO2010125012A1 (de) * | 2009-04-30 | 2010-11-04 | Basf Se | Verwendung eines verbundwerkstoffes auf basis eines einkomponenten-polyurethanklebstoffes |
WO2012022683A1 (de) * | 2010-08-16 | 2012-02-23 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Faserverbundbauteil und ein verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
Cited By (4)
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CN105492760A (zh) * | 2013-08-28 | 2016-04-13 | 乌本产权有限公司 | 用于风能设备的转子叶片元件、转子叶片及其制造方法和具有转子叶片的风能设备 |
WO2019053061A1 (en) | 2017-09-12 | 2019-03-21 | Covestro Deutschland Ag | COMPOSITE MATERIAL COMPRISING A POLYURETHANE-POLYACRYLATE RESIN MATRIX |
EP3549670A1 (de) | 2018-04-06 | 2019-10-09 | Covestro Deutschland AG | Verfahren zur herstellung eines polyurethan-poly(meth)acrylat-harzes |
WO2019193152A1 (en) | 2018-04-06 | 2019-10-10 | Covestro Deutschland Ag | Manufacturing method for a polyurethane-poly(meth)acrylate resin |
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DE102011004723A1 (de) | 2012-08-30 |
EP2678151A1 (de) | 2014-01-01 |
AU2012219675A1 (en) | 2013-09-12 |
PL2678151T3 (pl) | 2018-01-31 |
MX2013009565A (es) | 2013-09-06 |
BR112013021601A2 (pt) | 2016-11-16 |
ES2646391T3 (es) | 2017-12-13 |
CN103619579B (zh) | 2015-07-08 |
AU2012219675B2 (en) | 2015-12-17 |
EP2678151B1 (de) | 2017-08-09 |
US9085990B2 (en) | 2015-07-21 |
CN103619579A (zh) | 2014-03-05 |
CA2828035A1 (en) | 2012-08-30 |
US20130330202A1 (en) | 2013-12-12 |
DK2678151T3 (da) | 2017-11-20 |
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