WO2012110747A1

WO2012110747A1 - Photovoltaic array and method enabling a dc current and/or voltage to be generated from solar radiation for a number of electric circuits

Info

Publication number: WO2012110747A1
Application number: PCT/FR2012/050329
Authority: WO
Inventors: Jean-Yves Le Roux; Alain Bion; Fabrice Despres
Original assignee: Solairemed
Priority date: 2011-02-16
Filing date: 2012-02-16
Publication date: 2012-08-23
Also published as: FR2971624A1

Abstract

A photovoltaic array comprises photovoltaic cells (2) configured in order to deliver as output a DC current and/or a voltage when they are exposed to incident solar radiation. This photovoltaic array is noteworthy in that it furthermore comprises a distribution means (4) placed downstream of said photovoltaic cells and comprising: a number of outputs (41, 42, 43) able to deliver a DC current and/or voltage, each of said outputs (41, 42, 43) being connected to a dedicated electric circuit - one or more variable impedance electric components (5) placed between said photovoltaic cells and said outputs (41, 42, 43).

Description

PHOTOVOLTAIC INSTALLATION AND METHOD

SYSTEM FOR DELIVERING, FOR SEVERAL ELECTRIC CIRCUITS, A CURRENT AND / OR A CONTINUOUS ELECTRICAL VOLTAGE FROM RADIATION

SOLAR.

Description

Technical Field of the Invention

The invention relates to a photovoltaic installation and a method for delivering, for several electrical circuits, a current and / or a DC voltage, from a solar radiation.

The invention relates to the technical field of facilities for the production of electricity and more particularly to photovoltaic installations intended to equip homes or industrial buildings.

State of the art

Photovoltaic installations (100) are known, as shown schematically in FIG. 1, allowing the production of electrical energy. These photovoltaic installations (100) generally comprise:

photovoltaic cells (101) configured to deliver a current and / or a DC voltage when they are subjected to incident solar radiation, and a generator (102) configured to deliver a current and / or an alternating electrical voltage from the current and / or the DC voltage delivered by the photovoltaic cells. This generator (102) is connected to an electrical distribution network (103) so as to allow the resale of the current and / or the electrical voltage produced, to a third party company operating the distribution power grid.

However, these photovoltaic installations (100) are dimensioned so as to deliver an electric power equal to the maximum permissible legal power. For example, in France, for an individual, the maximum permissible legal power for a photovoltaic installation is 3 kilowatts peak (kWp).

However, some photovoltaic installations (100) have a large implantation surface so that covering said surface of photovoltaic cells (101), said photovoltaic installation can deliver a power greater than the permissible legal power.

In view of this state of affairs, the main purpose of the invention is to provide a photovoltaic installation making it possible to make maximum use of the available photovoltaic cell implantation surface so as to produce and dispose of a maximum of electrical power, while supplying the electrical distribution network with an electric power less than or equal to the maximum permissible legal power.

The invention also aims to provide a photovoltaic installation of simple design, easy to use and inexpensive. Disclosure of the invention.

The solution proposed by the invention is a photovoltaic installation comprising photovoltaic cells configured to output a current and / or a DC voltage when subjected to incident solar radiation. This installation is remarkable in that it further comprises a sharing means arranged downstream of the photovoltaic cells and comprising:

a plurality of outputs capable of delivering a current and / or a DC voltage, each of said outputs being connected to a dedicated electrical circuit,

one or more variable impedance electrical components disposed between said photovoltaic cells and said outputs.

Thus, the photovoltaic installation is capable of delivering for each output a fraction of the current and / or the DC voltage delivered by the photovoltaic cells so as to dedicate each of these current and / or voltage fractions to a specific use, for example, a fraction can be resold to an electrical distribution network, a fraction can be supplied to a domestic electrical network, a fraction can be stored in batteries, etc.

In order to allow the sharing means to be reactive and self-managing, a control unit configured to adjust the impedance of each variable impedance electrical component so that, for each output of the sharing means, the current and / or the DC voltage delivered is equal to a predetermined value, said predetermined value corresponding to a predetermined fraction of the value of the current and / or of the DC voltage delivered by the photovoltaic cells. In order to independently manage several groups of photovoltaic cells, the photovoltaic installation includes several groups of photovoltaic cells and a means of sharing by group of photovoltaic cells. The photovoltaic installation can therefore comprise a sharing unit control unit configured to adjust the impedance of each variable impedance electrical component of the sharing means with which said control unit is associated.

The coordination of all the control units is done centrally thanks to a central unit configured to:

determining the value of the impedance of the variable impedance electrical component (s) of all the sharing means,

sending, to each control unit, the value of the impedance of the variable impedance electrical component (s) of the sharing means with which said control unit is associated. Other advantageous technical features of the invention are listed below, these different characteristics can be considered alone or in combination, independently of the outstanding technical characteristics defined above. According to another advantageous characteristic of the invention making it possible to adjust in real time the current and / or DC voltage values delivered by each of the outputs of each sharing means, the latter is equipped with a measuring instrument. configured to measure the actual value of the current and / or DC voltage delivered by the photovoltaic cells, the control unit being configured, for each variable impedance electrical component, for:

calculating the theoretical value of the impedance of the variable impedance electrical component as a function of the actual value of the current and / or of the measured DC voltage, so that each of the outputs of the sharing means delivers a current and / or or a DC voltage whose value is equal to the predetermined value associated with said output, and - Set the impedance value of the variable impedance electrical component so that it is equal to the calculated theoretical value.

According to yet another advantageous characteristic of the invention making it possible to accurately, simply and rapidly measure the intensity and / or voltage measurements, the measuring instrument is in the form of an ammeter and / or a voltmeter connected to the photovoltaic cells.

According to yet another advantageous feature of the invention making it possible to select certain outputs of each sharing means, the latter comprises one or more switches configured to connect or disconnect each output of said sharing means to the photovoltaic cells. According to yet another advantageous characteristic of the invention making it possible to arrange the electronic components of each sharing means in a medium protected against heat sources, the groups of photovoltaic cells are arranged on one or more photovoltaic panels, the sharing means being arranged inside a remote housing.

According to yet another advantageous characteristic of the invention making it possible to reduce the bulk of the photovoltaic installation, the groups of photovoltaic cells are arranged on a photovoltaic panel, the sharing means being integrated with said photovoltaic panel.

According to yet another advantageous characteristic of the invention making it possible to resell to a third party, in part or in full, the electricity delivered by the groups of photovoltaic cells, each sharing means has an output connected to an electrical circuit comprising a generator connected to an electrical distribution network.

According to yet another advantageous characteristic of the invention for storing the excess electricity delivered by the groups of photovoltaic cells, each sharing means comprises an output connected to an electrical circuit comprising a battery charger connected to one or more batteries. According to yet another advantageous characteristic of the invention making it possible to sell to a third party the excess electricity stored in the batteries during periods when the photovoltaic cells produce little or no electricity, for example at night, the installation photovoltaic means includes means for connecting the battery or batteries to a generator connected to a distribution power grid.

Another aspect of the invention relates to a method for delivering a DC current and / or DC voltage from solar radiation, wherein:

- several groups of photovoltaic cells (2) output a current and / or a DC voltage when said photovoltaic cells are subjected to incident solar radiation,

for each group of photovoltaic cells (2):

o several outputs (41, 42, 43) of a sharing means (4) associated with said group of photovoltaic cells, deliver a current and / or a DC voltage, each of said outputs (41, 42, 43) being connected to a dedicated electrical circuit, said sharing means, disposed downstream of said group of photovoltaic cells, further comprising one or more variable impedance electrical components (5) disposed between said photovoltaic cells and said outlets (41, 42, 43), o a control unit (7) by sharing means (4) adjusts the impedance of each variable impedance electrical component (5) of the sharing means (4) to which said control unit is associated so that, for each output (41, 42, 43) of the sharing means (4), the current and / or the DC voltage delivered by said output is equal to a predetermined value, said predetermined value corresponding to a fraction of the value of the current and / or the DC voltage delivered by the group of photovoltaic cells (2),

a central unit (15):

o determines the value of the impedance of the electrical component (s) (5) with variable impedance of all the sharing means (4),

sends, to each control unit (7), the value of the impedance of the variable impedance electrical component (s) (5) of the sharing means (4) to which said control unit is associated.

Description of the figures.

Other advantages and characteristics of the invention will appear better on reading the description of a preferred embodiment which will follow, with reference to the accompanying drawings, carried out as indicative and non-limiting examples and in which:

FIG. 1 schematically represents a photovoltaic installation of the prior art,

FIG. 2 diagrammatically represents a first exemplary embodiment of the photovoltaic system that is the subject of the invention,

FIG. 3 diagrammatically represents a second exemplary embodiment of the photovoltaic system according to the invention in which the sharing means comprises switches,

FIG. 4 diagrammatically represents a third exemplary embodiment of the photovoltaic installation forming the subject of the invention comprising a plurality of photovoltaic cell groups, a sharing means for a group of photovoltaic cells, a control unit by sharing means, said control units interacting with one another,

FIG. 5 schematically represents a fourth exemplary embodiment of the photovoltaic installation that is the subject of the invention comprising several groups of photovoltaic cells, a means of sharing by group of photovoltaic cells, a control unit by means of sharing, a central unit. controlling said control units,

FIG. 6 schematically represents a fourth exemplary embodiment of the photovoltaic system according to the invention comprising several groups of photovoltaic cells, a means of sharing by group of photovoltaic cells, a single control unit for all the means of sharing.

Embodiments of the invention

Referring to Figures 2 and 3, the photovoltaic system (1) object of the invention comprises photovoltaic cells (2) configured to output a current and / or a DC voltage when subjected to radiation solar incident. The photovoltaic cells (2) generally consist of semiconductors based on silicon (Si), cadmium sulphide (CdS), cadmium telluride (CdTe), etc. They are generally in the form of thin sheets, round or square, whose dimensions (side, diameter) vary from millimeters to several centimeters. These sheets are sandwiched between two metal contacts, for a thickness ranging from several microns to a few millimeters. The photovoltaic cells (2) can also be multi-junctions, that is to say be composed of different layers that can convert different parts of the solar radiation spectrum and thus obtain better yields. Photovoltaic cells (2) can also combining layers of semiconducting polymers with silicon nanowires in the form of a 3 mm thick carpet improving the absorption of incident solar radiation. The photovoltaic cells (2) are connected together, in series or in parallel via an electrical circuit.

The photovoltaic cells (2) can be arranged on one or more photovoltaic panels (3). The latter being in the form of a metal plate, plastic, or other, on which are fixed the photovoltaic cells (2). The photovoltaic panels (3) can be square, rectangular, hexagonal, circular, etc. Their surface can vary from 50 cm ² to several m ² . An anti-reflective layer may be applied to the surface of the photovoltaic panels (3) so as to ensure good absorption of solar radiation. The photovoltaic panels (3) are intended to be installed, in series or in parallel, on supports fixed to the ground, on roofs, on walls, etc.

Referring to Figures 2 and 3, the photovoltaic system (1) further comprises a partition means (4) disposed downstream of the photovoltaic cells (2). It comprises several outputs (41, 42, 43) capable of delivering a current and / or a DC voltage. Each of the outputs (41, 42, 43) is connected to a dedicated electrical circuit. The sharing means (4) is configured to deliver, for each of the outputs (41, 42, 43), a predetermined value of voltage and / or current equal to a fraction of the value of the current and / or the voltage continuous delivered by the photovoltaic cells (2).

This fraction may correspond to a predetermined percentage of the value of the current and / or of the DC voltage delivered by the photovoltaic cells (2). For example, for sharing means (4) comprising three outputs S1, S2 and S3, said sharing means can be configured to deliver a current and / or voltage equal to: - 50% of the current and / or DC voltage delivered by the photovoltaic cells (2) for the output S1,

- 30% of the current and / or the DC voltage delivered by the photovoltaic cells (2) for the output S2,

- 20% of the current and / or the DC voltage delivered by the photovoltaic cells (2) for the output S3.

This fraction may also correspond to a predetermined value of current and / or of continuous electrical voltage. For example, for a sharing means comprising three outputs S1, S2, S3, said sharing means can be configured to deliver:

a continuous electrical voltage equal to 1000 V for the output S1,

a continuous electrical voltage equal to 800 V for the output S2,

a continuous electric current equal to 30 A for the output S3.

The fraction of the current and / or the DC voltage delivered by the photovoltaic cells (2) associated with each output (41, 42, 43) of the partition means (4) can be constant or variable over time. For example, the predetermined percentage of the current and / or the DC voltage delivered by the photovoltaic cells (2), that delivers a determined output (41, 42, 43) of the sharing means (4) may be larger during the periods of low sunlight of said photovoltaic cells (in practice, the morning and evening), only during periods of strong sunlight of said photovoltaic cells (in practice, noon). Similarly, the predetermined value of current and / or DC voltage that a given output (41, 42, 43) of the partition means (4) delivers may be higher during periods of high electricity consumption (in practice , the day) only during periods of low electricity consumption (in practice, at night). As shown diagrammatically in FIGS. 2 and 3, the dividing means (4) is in the form of an electronic circuit. It comprises one or more variable impedance electrical components (5) that may be in the form of a variable resistor, a potentiometer, a transistor, or any other variable impedance electrical component suitable for those skilled in the art. . The electrical circuit may also include diodes, capacitors, coils, switches, etc. Preferably, the electrical circuit will include one or more chopper-booster assemblies. In practice, the variation of the impedance value of the variable impedance electrical components (5) makes it possible to adjust the value of the current and / or of the DC voltage delivered by each of the outputs (41, 42, 43) of the means of sharing (4). The value of the current and / or the DC voltage supplied by each of the outputs (41, 42, 43) of the partitioning means (4) is then adjusted so as to be equal to the predetermined fraction of the current and / or the DC voltage delivered by the photovoltaic cells (2) associated with said output. For each predetermined fraction of the current and / or DC voltage delivered by the photovoltaic cells (2), a theoretical value of the impedance of the variable impedance electrical component (s) can be calculated. The adjustment is then made so that the value of the impedance of each electrical component (5) with variable impedance is equal to the calculated theoretical value. With reference to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the sharing means (4) may also comprise one or more switches (14) configured to connect or disconnect each output (41, 42, 43) to the photovoltaic cells ( 2). This or these switches (14) may be in the form of mechanical switches, electrical switches of the transistors or relay type, or any other switch suitable for the skilled person.

Depending on the irradiation of the photovoltaic cells (2), the value of the current and / or the DC voltage delivered by the photovoltaic cells can vary over time. In order to adjust, in time real, the value of the current and / or the DC voltage supplied by each of the outputs (41, 42, 43) of the sharing means (4), the theoretical value of the impedance of the electrical component or components (5) to Variable impedance can be calculated according to the actual value of the current and / or the DC voltage delivered by the photovoltaic cells (2). To do this, the sharing means (4) can be equipped with a measuring instrument (6) configured to measure the actual value of the current and / or the DC voltage delivered by the photovoltaic cells (2). This measuring instrument (6) is in the form of an ammeter and / or a voltmeter connected to the photovoltaic cells (2).

Similarly, the theoretical value of the impedance of the variable impedance electrical component (s) (5) can be calculated as a function of the actual value of the current and / or of the DC voltage delivered by each of the outputs (41, 42 43) of the partition means (4). To do this, the sharing means (6) can be equipped with one or more measuring instruments (6) configured to measure the actual value of the current and / or the DC voltage delivered by each of the outputs (41, 42 , 43) of the sharing means (4) and the type of an ammeter and / or a voltmeter connected to said outputs.

A control unit (7) can be configured to adjust the impedance value of the variable impedance electrical components (5) so that for each output (41, 42, 43) of the sharing means (4), the value of the current and / or the DC voltage delivered is equal to the predetermined value associated with said output. The control unit (7) is generally in the form of an electronic box incorporating a processor. When the sharing means (4) is equipped with a measuring instrument (6), the control unit (7) is connected via wire means (electrical cable, Ethernet, or other) or wireless means (wifi , wimax, infrared, or others) to said measuring instrument. The processor built into the case the control unit (7) is configured to execute one or more computer programs. The computer program (s) are stored in a memory also integrated in the housing of the control unit (7) and of the memory type register, mass memory, ROM, etc. The computer program is in the form of short sequences of instructions which, when executed in a precise order by the processor, allow for each variable impedance electrical component (5):

calculating the theoretical value of the impedance of the variable impedance electrical component (5), so that each of the outputs (41, 42, 43) of the partition means (4) delivers a current and / or an electrical voltage continuous whose value is equal to the predetermined value associated with said output:

o from a theoretical mathematical model when the sharing means (4) is not equipped with a measuring instrument,

o or as a function of the actual value of the current and / or the DC voltage delivered by the photovoltaic cells (2), measured by the measuring instrument (6), when the sharing means (4) is equipped with a measuring instrument (6) configured to measure the actual value of the current and / or the DC voltage delivered by the photovoltaic cells (2),

o or as a function of the actual value of the current and / or of the DC voltage delivered by the outputs (41, 42, 43) of the partitioning means (4), measured by the measuring instrument (s), when the means of divide (4) is equipped with a measuring instrument (6) configured to measure the actual value of the current and / or the DC voltage delivered by said outputs,

- Set the impedance value of the variable impedance electrical component (5) so that it is equal to the calculated theoretical value. Referring to the embodiment shown diagrammatically in FIG. 3, the control unit (7), or a dedicated control unit of the same type as the unit control unit (7), can also be configured to control the at least one switch (14) so as to:

connecting, to the photovoltaic cells (2), the output (s) (41, 42, 43) associated with a predetermined non-zero value,

and / or disconnecting, from the photovoltaic cells (2), the at least one output (41, 42, 43) associated with a predetermined zero value.

In practice, the control unit (7) is electrically powered by one or more photovoltaic cells (2) of the photovoltaic installation (1), but it can also be electrically powered by an auxiliary power supply circuit.

Under the effect of incident solar radiation, the photovoltaic cells (2) deliver electrical energy in the form of a current and / or a DC voltage. Thus, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, and in such a way that this current and / or this DC voltage can be used for the supply of electrical appliances, such as electrical appliances, computer equipment, or the like, one or more outlets ( 41, 42) of the partition means (4) can be connected to an electrical circuit comprising a generator (8). The latter is configured to deliver a current and / or an alternating electrical voltage from the current and / or the DC voltage delivered by the photovoltaic cells (2).

The generator (8) is in the form of a voltage or intensity inverter. It generally comprises a parallelepipedal, cylindrical, or other housing, incorporating an electronic circuit having a bridge architecture and consisting of electronic switches such as insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs), power transistors, thyristors, or others, as well as any other electronic component suitable to those skilled in the art. The generator (8) may also include a resistor formed by one or more electronic components such as resistors, potentiometer, rheostat, thermistor, varistor, etc.

In order to allow the exploitation of the current respectively of the alternating electrical voltage produced, the electric circuit may comprise means for connecting the generator (8) to an electrical distribution network (9) or to a domestic electrical network (10) . This means is generally in the form of an electric meter configured to measure the amount of current and / or voltage delivered to the electrical distribution network (9) or domestic (10). The electric meter is generally in the form of a housing incorporating electronic or electromechanical components. It may comprise a mechanical or digital display for quantifying the electrical power delivered to the distribution (9) or domestic (10) distribution network by the generator (8). Thus quantified, the electric power can be billed and sold.

In order to protect the distribution (9) or domestic electrical network (10) as well as the electrical devices connected thereto, the generator (8) can be equipped with an automatic network decoupling means. The latter is equipped with a mechanical or electronic switch enabling the generator (8) to disconnect instantly from the electrical network to which it is connected when a voltage drop occurs. A voltage drop can for example be due to a malfunction of the generator (8), photovoltaic cells (2), or any other means of the photovoltaic system (1). The generator (8) can also be equipped with a protection means against current delivery and / or continuous electrical voltage so as to avoid deterioration of electrical devices connected downstream of said generator. The current and / or the electrical voltage produced by the photovoltaic cells (2) which is not operated by the electricity distribution network (9), or by the domestic electrical network or networks (10), can be stored. To do this, one or more outputs (43) of the sharing means (4) can each be connected to the electrical circuit comprising a battery charger (1 1) connected to one or more batteries (12). The batteries (12) may be nickel - cadmium, nickel - zinc, nickel metal hydride, lead, sodium - nickel chloride, sodium - sulfur, lithium metal polymer, lithium polymer, lithium - ion, zinc - silver, lithium - ion - manganese, lithium - sulfur, lithium - vanadium, lithium - air, lithium - oxygen, or others. The battery charger (1 1) is in the form of an electronic circuit which may include an integrated circuit, resistors, switches, etc. The photovoltaic installation (1) may then comprise means (13) for connecting the battery (s) (12) to a generator (8) of the type previously described, so as to allow the exploitation of the current and / or the electrical voltage stored in the battery or batteries (12). This means (13) for connecting the battery or batteries (12) to a generator (8) may be in the form of one or more switches, transistors, or others. This generator (8) is in practice connected to the electrical distribution network (9) or to a domestic electrical network (10) in the same manner as previously described. The battery or batteries (12) are connected to the generator (8) when the photovoltaic cells (2) produce little or no electricity, which is for example the case at night.

In order to simplify the installation of the photovoltaic installation (1) and reduce its bulk, the sharing means (4) can be integrated with the photovoltaic panel (3) on which the photovoltaic cells (2) are arranged. However, thus arranged in a photovoltaic panel (3), the electronic components forming the partition means (4) are exposed to high temperatures (generally greater than 60 ° C), since said photovoltaic panels are exposed for long periods of time to the sun. However, electronic components can degrade when subjected to such temperatures. In order to avoid the degradation of the electronic components, the photovoltaic panels (3) can be equipped locally with coolers configured to lower the temperature of said electronic components. These coolers can be of the type finned heatsink, fan, heat pump, etc. Alternatively, the partition means (4) can be arranged inside a remote housing, and preferably disposed in a cold zone. The housing may have a parallelepipedal, cylindrical, or other shape, and be made of composite material, wood, or other. In embodiments not shown, the photovoltaic installation (1) may also comprise several groups of photovoltaic cells (2) and a partitioning means (4) per group of photovoltaic cells (2). The installation can then comprise a control unit (7) by sharing means (4) as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, or a single control unit (7) for all the sharing means (4) such as schematized in Figure 6.

With reference to FIGS. 4 to 6, several sharing means (4) may each include an output connected to a common electrical circuit. The control unit or units (7) can then be configured to adjust the value of the impedance of the variable impedance electrical component (s) of the set of sharing means (4), so that the current and / or the DC voltage supplied by all of the outputs (41, 42, 43) of said sharing means connected to the common electrical circuit is equal to a predetermined value. This predetermined value corresponds to a fraction of the value of the current and / or of the DC voltage delivered by all the groups of photovoltaic cells (2).

As shown in FIG. 4, when the photovoltaic installation (1) comprises a control unit (7) by sharing means (4), the control units (7) can be configured to communicate with one another. This dialogue is in the form of an exchange of information between the different control units (7), said information comprising codes or pieces of code and providing information on:

the current and / or the DC voltage delivered by each of the groups of photovoltaic cells (2), and / or

- The current and / or DC voltage delivered by each of the outputs (41, 42, 43) of the sharing means (4).

The dialogue can be done via wired connectors or via a wireless connection such as WiFi, Mimo, infrared, etc. Each control unit (7) analyzes the information it receives in order to determine and adjust the value of the impedance of the variable-impedance electrical component (s) (5) of the sharing means (4) to which said control unit is associated, so that the current and / or the DC voltage supplied by all of the outputs (41, 42, 43) sharing means (4) connected to the common electrical circuit is equal to a predetermined value.

Alternatively, and as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 5, the photovoltaic installation (1) can also comprise a central unit (15) configured to control all the control units (7). The central unit (15) is generally in the form of an electronic box incorporating a processor, a mass memory, or the like and may include a user interface for programming such as keyboard, mouse, screen, touch screen, etc. . Each control unit (7) is then configured to communicate with the central unit (15). This dialogue is in the form of an exchange of information between each control unit (7) and the central unit, said information comprising codes or pieces of code and providing information on:

- The current and / or DC voltage delivered by each of the outputs (41, 42, 43) of the sharing means (4). The dialogue can be done via wired connectors or via a wireless connection such as WiFi, Mimo, infrared, etc. The central unit (15) analyzes the information it receives in order to determine the value of the impedance of the electrical component (s) (5) with variable impedance of all the sharing means (4). The central unit (15) then sends to each control unit (7) the value of the impedance of the variable impedance electrical component (s) (5) of the sharing means (4) to which said control unit is associated. . According to the impedance values sent by the central unit (15), each control unit (7) adjusts the value of the impedance of the variable-impedance electrical component (s) (5) of the sharing means (4) to which said control unit is associated, so that the current and / or the DC voltage delivered by all the outputs (41, 42, 43) of the sharing means (4) connected to the common electrical circuit is equal to a predetermined value .

Claims

claims

1. Photovoltaic installation comprising:

a plurality of groups of photovoltaic cells (2), said photovoltaic cells (2) being configured to output a current and / or a DC voltage when subjected to incident solar radiation,

- a partitioning means (4) per group of photovoltaic cells (2) disposed downstream of said group of photovoltaic cells, said sharing means comprising:

a plurality of outputs (41, 42, 43) capable of delivering a current and / or a DC voltage, each of said outputs (41, 42, 43) being connected to a dedicated electrical circuit,

one or more variable-impedance electrical components (5) arranged between said photovoltaic cells and said outputs (41,

42, 43),

- a control unit (7) by sharing means (4) configured to adjust the impedance of each variable impedance electrical component (5) of the sharing means (4) to which said control unit is associated so that for each output (41, 42, 43) of the sharing means (4), the current and / or DC voltage output from said output is equal to a predetermined value, said predetermined value corresponding to a fraction of the value of the current and / or continuous electrical voltage delivered by the group of photovoltaic cells (2), - a central unit (15) configured to:

o determining the value of the impedance of the electrical component (s) (5) with variable impedance of all the sharing means (4),

o send, to each control unit (7), the value of the impedance of the variable impedance electrical component (s) (5) of the sharing means (4) to which said control unit is associated.

Photovoltaic plant according to claim 1, in which each partitioning means (4) is equipped with a measuring instrument (6) configured to measure the actual value of the current and / or the DC voltage delivered by the cells. photovoltaic (2), the control unit (7) being configured for each variable impedance electrical component (5) for:

calculating a theoretical value of the impedance of the variable impedance electrical component (5) as a function of the actual value of the current and / or of the measured DC voltage so that each of the outputs (41, 42, 43) sharing means (4) delivers a current and / or a DC voltage whose value is equal to the predetermined value associated with said output, and

- Set the impedance value of the variable impedance electrical component (5) so that it is equal to the calculated theoretical value.

Photovoltaic plant according to claim 2, wherein the measuring instrument (6) is in the form of an ammeter and / or a voltmeter connected to the photovoltaic cells (2).

Photovoltaic plant according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, each sharing means (4) comprises one or more switches (14) configured to connect or disconnect each output (41, 42, 43) of said sharing means to photovoltaic cells (2).

Photovoltaic plant according to one of the preceding claims, in which each group of photovoltaic cells (2) is arranged on one or more photovoltaic panels (3), the dividing means (4) being arranged inside one or more photovoltaic panels (3). a remote housing.

Photovoltaic plant according to any one of claims 1 to 5, in which each group of photovoltaic cells (2) is arranged on a photovoltaic panel (3), the sharing means (4) being integrated with said photovoltaic panel (3). ).

Photovoltaic plant according to any one of the preceding claims, in which each partitioning means (4) comprises an outlet (41) connected to an electrical circuit comprising a generator (8) connected to an electrical distribution network (9). .

Photovoltaic system according to one of the preceding claims, in which each sharing means (4) has an output (42) connected to an electrical circuit comprising a battery charger (1 1) connected to one or more batteries ( 12).

9. Photovoltaic installation according to claim 8, characterized in that it comprises means (13) for connecting the battery or batteries (12) to a generator (8) connected to an electrical distribution network (9).

A method for delivering a current and / or DC voltage from solar radiation, wherein:

for each group of photovoltaic cells (2):

o several outputs (41, 42, 43) of a sharing means (4) associated with said group of photovoltaic cells, deliver a current and / or a DC voltage, each of said outputs (41, 42, 43) being connected to a dedicated electrical circuit, said sharing means, arranged downstream from said group of photovoltaic cells, further comprising one or more variable impedance electrical components (5) disposed between said photovoltaic cells and said outputs (41, 42, 43), a control unit (7) by sharing means (4), adjusts the impedance of each variable impedance electrical component (5) of the sharing means (4) to which said control unit is associated so that for each output (41, 42, 43) of the means of partition (4), the current and / or the DC voltage delivered by said output is equal to a predetermined value, said predetermined value corresponding to a fraction of the value of the current and / or the DC voltage delivered by the group photovoltaic cells (2),

a central unit (15):

o determines the value of the impedance of the electrical component (s) (5) with variable impedance of all the sharing means (4), o sends, to each control unit (7), the value of the impedance of the electrical component (s) (5) with variable impedance of the sharing means (4) to which said control unit is associated.