WO2012045259A1 - Force sensing material and device using the same - Google Patents
Force sensing material and device using the same Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012045259A1 WO2012045259A1 PCT/CN2011/079542 CN2011079542W WO2012045259A1 WO 2012045259 A1 WO2012045259 A1 WO 2012045259A1 CN 2011079542 W CN2011079542 W CN 2011079542W WO 2012045259 A1 WO2012045259 A1 WO 2012045259A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- force sensing
- sensing device
- conducting particles
- force
- panel
- Prior art date
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/20—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress
Definitions
- the present invention relates to force sensing materials, and force sensing devices using the force sensing materials.
- Composite conductor (CC) materials consist of conductive particles dispersed in a polymer matrix.
- the conductivity of CC was found to be dependent of the external pressure applied.
- the type of conductive particles is usually carbon or metallic powder, and the polymer matrix can be many different polymer, such as epoxy, acrylic, or polyester.
- the conductive particles form a conducting network across the material.
- external pressure causes the material to deform, thus decreasing the average distance between the conducting particles, leading to the formation of more percolating paths.
- the higher the pressure the more percolating paths form, and the less the electrical resistance.
- CCs can be made into pressure sensors by simply depositing two electrodes on the opposing sides of this composite. And pressure can be measured by the change of its resistance.
- the present invention provides force sensing materials and force sensing devices using the force sensing materials.
- the main object of the present invention is to overcome the limitations of the hysteresis of the pressure measurement of composite conductor (CC) materials.
- the force sensing device comprises a composite conductor and an external surface.
- the composite conductor comprises a polymer matrix and a plurality of conducting particles dispersed in the polymer matrix.
- the external surface accepts applied external forces, and substantially returns to its original position upon releasing of the forces; and is physically coupled to the composite conductor.
- the force sensing device further comprises at least one spring or a cantilever. The at least one spring or the cantilever is used to restore the external surface to its original position upon releasing of the external force.
- the force sensing material comprises a polymer matrix and a plurality of conducting particles dispersed in the polymer matrix. At least one dimension of each conducting particle is substantially larger than one other dimension of the conducting particle.
- the conducting particles are substantially aligned along a same direction.
- the force sensing device comprises a composite conductor and two electrodes coupled to two opposite ends of the composite conductor, respectively. The conducting particles are substantially aligned to the direction parallel to the electrodes.
- the force sensing device does not rely on the composite conductor itself to restore to its original dimension, but rely on the spring or the cantilever to restore to its original position upon releasing of the external force, thereby overcoming the hysteresis of the pressure measurement of composite conductor (CC) materials.
- FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view of a force sensing device in accordance with a first embodiment of the disclosure.
- FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view of a force sensing device in accordance with a second embodiment of the disclosure.
- FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view of force sensing materials in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure.
- the force sensing device 100 includes a top panel 104, a bottom panel 110 facing to the top panel 104, a top electrode 106, a bottom electrode 108, a force sensing material 114, and two springs 112.
- the force sensing material 114 is a CC material.
- the CC material consists of conductive particles dispersed in a polymer matrix.
- the top electrode 106 is deposited on the top panel 104.
- the bottom electrode 108 is deposited on the bottom panel 110.
- the top panel 104 and the bottom panel 110 are connected by the springs 112.
- the force sensing material 114 is physically connected with the top and bottom electrodes 106, 108.
- the springs 112 are located at two opposite sides of the force sensing material 114. When a force 102 is applied to a top surface of the top panel 104, the top panel 104 moves in the direction of the force 102. The extent of the displacement depends on the young’s modulus of the springs 112 and the force sensing material 114. The resistance of the force sensing material 114 changes according to its deformation caused by the movement of the top panel 104.
- the Young’s modulus of the force sensing device 100 As long as the Young’s modulus of the force sensing device 100 is known, a force-resistance relationship can be established.
- the springs 112 restore the top panel 104 to its original position, bringing the force sensing material 114 to its original dimensions as well.
- the restoration of the physical dimension of the force sensing material 114 greatly reduces the hysteresis of the force-resistance curve of such material.
- the Young’s modulus of the springs 112 is substantially greater than that of the force sensing material 114, the whole force sensing device 100 behaves as if there were no force sensing material connected.
- a fundamental aspect of this invention is that the force sensing device 100 is able to restore to its original dimension upon the release of external applied force, without the presence of the force sensing material 114.
- the force sensing device 100 does not rely on the force sensing material 114 itself to restore to its original dimension. Because the resistance of the force sensing material 114 is very sensitive to its dimension change, the force sensing material 114 can be used for a force sensor, as well as a displacement sensor of high precision.
- the force sensing device 200 includes a top panel 204, a bottom panel 212, a top electrode 206, a bottom electrode 210, a force sensing material 208, and a joint 214.
- the force sensing material 208 is a CC material.
- the top electrode 206 is deposited on the top panel 204.
- the bottom electrode 210 is deposited on the bottom panel 212.
- the top panel 204 and the bottom panel 212 are joined together at the joint 214, thereby the force sensing device 200 forming a cantilever like structure.
- the force sensing material 208 is physically connected with the top electrode 206 and the bottom electrode 210.
- the restoration force of the force sensing device 200 is provided by the top panel 202.
- the top panel 204 When the external force 202 is released, the top panel 204 returns to its original position, bringing the force sensing material 208 with it.
- a force-resistance curve can be deduced. And vise versa, if a certain force-resistance curve is desired, one can design the force sensing device 200 by varying the physical dimension of the force sensing device 200, and choosing appropriate materials for the top panel 204 and the force sensing material 208 to achieve the desired properties.
- stoppers (not shown) can be employed in the force sensing device to prevent the top panel 204 from traveling too far under excessive pressure/force. This prevents damaging the force sensing material 208.
- the force sensing material 300 consists of a polymer matrix 304 and a plurality of conducting particles 306 dispersed in the polymer matrix 304.
- the polymer matrix 304 may be elastomer matrix 304.
- the elastomer matrix 304 may be silicone or rubber.
- the conducting particles 306 may be carbon fibers or carbon nanotubes.
- the conducting particles 306 are substantially aligned to the direction parallel to the top and bottom electrodes 302, 308.
- the force sensing material 300 compresses along the direction of the force 310, causing the conducting particles 306 move close to each other in this direction.
- the decrease in the resistance along the direction of the force 310 is much greater than what can be obtained with randomly distributed conducting particles.
- the conducting particles 306 may include one dimensional conducting fibers or nanotubes, or two dimensional conducting discs such as carbon graphite discs.
- the preferential orientation of the conducting particles 306 can be achieved using physical methods such as spinning, or chemical methods, such as controlling of the surface energy, or the combination of the two, and other suitable methods.
Abstract
The disclosure relates to a composite conductor. The composite conductor includes a polymer matrix and a plurality of conducting particles dispersed in the polymer matrix. At least one dimension of each conducting particle is substantially larger than one other dimension of the conducting particle. The conducting particles are substantially aligned along a same direction. The disclosure further relates to a sensor and a force sensing device using the composite conductor.
Description
The present invention relates to force sensing
materials, and force sensing devices using the force sensing materials.
Composite conductor (CC) materials consist of
conductive particles dispersed in a polymer matrix. The conductivity of CC was
found to be dependent of the external pressure applied. The type of conductive
particles is usually carbon or metallic powder, and the polymer matrix can be
many different polymer, such as epoxy, acrylic, or polyester. At the
percolation threshold, the conductive particles form a conducting network
across the material. At compositions near the percolation threshold, external
pressure causes the material to deform, thus decreasing the average distance
between the conducting particles, leading to the formation of more percolating
paths. The higher the pressure, the more percolating paths form, and the less
the electrical resistance. Thus CCs can be made into pressure sensors by simply
depositing two electrodes on the opposing sides of this composite. And pressure
can be measured by the change of its resistance.
One of the primary issues for this type of material
is the hysteresis of the pressure measurement. The change of the resistance of
the CC materials comes from its physical dimension change under pressure. These
changes, however minute, needs to be restored for this material to return to
its original resistance. After the external pressure is released, the CC
material relies on the elasticity of the polymer to restore to its original
dimension. Because the nature of this type of composites, the physical
restoration process usually lags behind, causing hysteresis. Therefore, they
are not suited for pressure measurement that needs moderate to high precision.
Therefore, there exists a need for improved performance of the CC
materials.
What is needed, therefore, is force sensing materials
and a force sensing device using the force sensing materials which can overcome
the described limitations.
The present invention provides force sensing
materials and force sensing devices using the force sensing materials. The main
object of the present invention is to overcome the limitations of the
hysteresis of the pressure measurement of composite conductor (CC) materials.
According to the present invention, the force
sensing device comprises a composite conductor and an external surface. The
composite conductor comprises a polymer matrix and a plurality of conducting
particles dispersed in the polymer matrix. The external surface accepts applied
external forces, and substantially returns to its original position upon
releasing of the forces; and is physically coupled to the composite conductor.
The force sensing device further comprises at least one spring or a cantilever.
The at least one spring or the cantilever is used to restore the external
surface to its original position upon releasing of the external force. The
force sensing material comprises a polymer matrix and a plurality of conducting
particles dispersed in the polymer matrix. At least one dimension of each
conducting particle is substantially larger than one other dimension of the
conducting particle. The conducting particles are substantially aligned along a
same direction. The force sensing device comprises a composite conductor and
two electrodes coupled to two opposite ends of the composite conductor,
respectively. The conducting particles are substantially aligned to the
direction parallel to the electrodes.
The force sensing device does not rely on the
composite conductor itself to restore to its original dimension, but rely on
the spring or the cantilever to restore to its original position upon releasing
of the external force, thereby overcoming the hysteresis of the pressure
measurement of composite conductor (CC) materials.
Many aspects of the present apparatus can be better
understood with reference to the following drawings. The components in the
drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale, the emphasis instead being placed
upon clearly illustrating the principles of the present apparatus. Moreover, in
the drawings, like reference numerals designate corresponding parts throughout
the several views.
FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view of a force sensing
device in accordance with a first embodiment of the disclosure.
FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view of a force sensing
device in accordance with a second embodiment of the disclosure.
FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view of force sensing
materials in accordance with embodiments of the disclosure.
Referring to FIG. 1, a force sensing device 100 in
accordance with a first embodiment of the disclosure is illustrated. The force
sensing device 100 includes a top panel 104, a bottom panel 110 facing to the
top panel 104, a top electrode 106, a bottom electrode 108, a force sensing
material 114, and two springs 112. In this embodiment, the force sensing
material 114 is a CC material. The CC material consists of conductive particles
dispersed in a polymer matrix.
The top electrode 106 is deposited on the top panel
104. The bottom electrode 108 is deposited on the bottom panel 110. The top
panel 104 and the bottom panel 110 are connected by the springs 112. The force
sensing material 114 is physically connected with the top and bottom electrodes
106, 108. The springs 112 are located at two opposite sides of the force
sensing material 114. When a force 102 is applied to a top surface of the top
panel 104, the top panel 104 moves in the direction of the force 102. The
extent of the displacement depends on the young’s modulus of the springs 112
and the force sensing material 114. The resistance of the force sensing
material 114 changes according to its deformation caused by the movement of the
top panel 104. As long as the Young’s modulus of the force sensing device 100
is known, a force-resistance relationship can be established. When the force
102 stops applying to the top surface of the top panel 104, the springs 112
restore the top panel 104 to its original position, bringing the force sensing
material 114 to its original dimensions as well. The restoration of the
physical dimension of the force sensing material 114 greatly reduces the
hysteresis of the force-resistance curve of such material. In the case where
the Young’s modulus of the springs 112 is substantially greater than that of
the force sensing material 114, the whole force sensing device 100 behaves as
if there were no force sensing material connected. In fact, a fundamental
aspect of this invention is that the force sensing device 100 is able to
restore to its original dimension upon the release of external applied force,
without the presence of the force sensing material 114. In other words, the
force sensing device 100 does not rely on the force sensing material 114 itself
to restore to its original dimension. Because the resistance of the force
sensing material 114 is very sensitive to its dimension change, the force
sensing material 114 can be used for a force sensor, as well as a displacement
sensor of high precision.
Referring to FIG. 2, a force sensing device 200 in
accordance with a second embodiment of the disclosure is illustrated. The force
sensing device 200 includes a top panel 204, a bottom panel 212, a top
electrode 206, a bottom electrode 210, a force sensing material 208, and a
joint 214. In this embodiment, the force sensing material 208 is a CC
material.
The top electrode 206 is deposited on the top panel
204. The bottom electrode 210 is deposited on the bottom panel 212. The top
panel 204 and the bottom panel 212 are joined together at the joint 214,
thereby the force sensing device 200 forming a cantilever like structure. The
force sensing material 208 is physically connected with the top electrode 206
and the bottom electrode 210. In this embodiment the restoration force of the
force sensing device 200 is provided by the top panel 202. When an external
force 202 is applied to one end of the top panel 204, the top panel 204 deforms
according to its Young’s modulus and Young’s modulus of the force sensing
material 208. When the external force 202 is released, the top panel 204
returns to its original position, bringing the force sensing material 208 with
it. As long as the dimensions of the force sensing device 200 and the Young’s
modulus of the top panel 204 and the force sensing material 208 are known, a
force-resistance curve can be deduced. And vise versa, if a certain
force-resistance curve is desired, one can design the force sensing device 200
by varying the physical dimension of the force sensing device 200, and choosing
appropriate materials for the top panel 204 and the force sensing material 208
to achieve the desired properties. In addition, stoppers (not shown) can be
employed in the force sensing device to prevent the top panel 204 from
traveling too far under excessive pressure/force. This prevents damaging the
force sensing material 208.
Referring to FIG. 3, a force sensing material 300
used in the force sensing device 100, 200 is illustrated. The force sensing
material 300 consists of a polymer matrix 304 and a plurality of conducting
particles 306 dispersed in the polymer matrix 304. In this embodiment, the
polymer matrix 304 may be elastomer matrix 304. In this embodiment, the
elastomer matrix 304 may be silicone or rubber. The conducting particles 306
may be carbon fibers or carbon nanotubes.
The conducting particles 306 are substantially
aligned to the direction parallel to the top and bottom electrodes 302, 308.
When a force 310 is applied perpendicular to the top electrode 302, the force
sensing material 300 compresses along the direction of the force 310, causing
the conducting particles 306 move close to each other in this direction.
Because of the preferential alignment of the conducting particles 306, the
decrease in the resistance along the direction of the force 310 is much greater
than what can be obtained with randomly distributed conducting particles. The
conducting particles 306 may include one dimensional conducting fibers or
nanotubes, or two dimensional conducting discs such as carbon graphite discs.
The preferential orientation of the conducting particles 306 can be achieved
using physical methods such as spinning, or chemical methods, such as
controlling of the surface energy, or the combination of the two, and other
suitable methods.
Finally, the above-discussion is intended to be
merely illustrative of the disclosure and should not be construed as limiting
the appended claims to any particular embodiment or group of embodiments. Thus,
while the disclosure has been described with reference to exemplary
embodiments, it should also be appreciated that numerous modifications and
alternative embodiments may be devised by those having ordinary skill in the
art without departing from the broader and intended spirit and scope of the
disclosure as set forth in the claims that follow. In addition, the section
headings included herein are intended to facilitate a review but are not
intended to limit the scope of the present system. Accordingly, the
specification and drawings are to be regarded in an illustrative manner and are
not intended to limit the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (19)
- A force sensing device comprising:a composite conductor comprising a polymer matrix and a plurality of conducting particles dispersed in the polymer matrix; andan external surface that accepts applied external forces, and substantially returns to its original position upon releasing of the forces; and is physically coupled to the composite conductor.
- The force sensing device of claim 1，wherein the composite conductor consists of a polymer matrix and conducting particles dispersed within the matrix.
- The force sensing device of claim 1 further comprising at least one spring, wherein the at least one spring is used to restore the external surface to its original position upon releasing of the external force.
- The force sensing device of claim 3, wherein the external surface is supplied by a first panel, the force sensing device comprising two springs connected to the first panel, the first panel being physically coupled to the composite conductor, the springs being located at two opposite sides of the composite conductor to be used to restore the external surface to its original position upon releasing of the external force.
- The force sensing device of claim 1 further comprising a cantilever, wherein the cantilever is used to restore the external surface to its original position upon releasing of the external force.
- The force sensing device of claim 5 further comprising a first panel and a second panel, wherein the external surface is supplied by the first panel, the first panel and the second panel being physically connected and electrically coupled to the composite conductor, the first panel and the second panel being joined together at a joint, thereby forming a cantilever.
- The force sensing device of claim 1, wherein the displacement of the external surface is measured.
- The force sensing device of claim 1, wherein the conducting particles are substantially aligned to the direction parallel to the external surface.
- A force sensing material comprising:a polymer matrix; anda plurality of conducting particles dispersed in the polymer matrix, at least one dimension of each conducting particle being substantially larger than one other dimension of the conducting particle, the conducting particles being substantially aligned along a same direction.
- The force sensing material of claim 9, wherein the conducting particles are substantially aligned along the at least one dimension’s direction.
- The force sensing material of claim 9, wherein the conducting particles comprises carbon fibers.
- The force sensing material of claim 9, wherein the conducting particles comprises carbon nanotubes.
- The force sensing material of claim 9, wherein the conducting particles comprises graphite discs.
- A force sensing device comprising:a composite conductor comprising a polymer matrix and a plurality of conducting particles dispersed in the polymer matrix; andtwo electrodes coupled to two opposite ends of the composite conductor, respectively;wherein the conducting particles are substantially aligned to the direction parallel to the electrodes.
- The sensor of claim 14, wherein the force sensing device is a force sensor.
- The sensor of claim 14, wherein the force sensing device is a displacement sensor.
- The sensor of claim 14, wherein the conducting particles comprises carbon fibers.
- The sensor of claim 14, wherein the conducting particles comprises carbon nanotubes.
- The sensor of claim 14, wherein the conducting particles comprises graphite discs.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US38927810P | 2010-10-04 | 2010-10-04 | |
| US61/389,278 | 2010-10-04 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2012045259A1 true WO2012045259A1 (en) | 2012-04-12 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CN2011/079542 WO2012045259A1 (en) | 2010-10-04 | 2011-09-09 | Force sensing material and device using the same |
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Cited By (1)
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| CN106525296A (en) * | 2016-10-09 | 2017-03-22 | 深圳瑞湖科技有限公司 | Electronic skin for touch detection |
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| CN1735795A (en) * | 2003-01-07 | 2006-02-15 | Iee国际电子及工程股份有限公司 | Pressure sensor comprising an elastic sensor layer with a microstructured surface |
| US7094367B1 (en) * | 2002-08-13 | 2006-08-22 | University Of Florida | Transparent polymer carbon nanotube composites and process for preparation |
| CN101201277A (en) * | 2007-11-23 | 2008-06-18 | 清华大学 | Array type ultra-thin submissive force sensor and preparation method thereof |
| CN101221079A (en) * | 2007-01-11 | 2008-07-16 | 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 | High-sensitivity optical fiber optical grating pressure transducer |
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2011
- 2011-09-09 WO PCT/CN2011/079542 patent/WO2012045259A1/en active Application Filing
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US7094367B1 (en) * | 2002-08-13 | 2006-08-22 | University Of Florida | Transparent polymer carbon nanotube composites and process for preparation |
| CN1735795A (en) * | 2003-01-07 | 2006-02-15 | Iee国际电子及工程股份有限公司 | Pressure sensor comprising an elastic sensor layer with a microstructured surface |
| CN101221079A (en) * | 2007-01-11 | 2008-07-16 | 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 | High-sensitivity optical fiber optical grating pressure transducer |
| CN101201277A (en) * | 2007-11-23 | 2008-06-18 | 清华大学 | Array type ultra-thin submissive force sensor and preparation method thereof |
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| Title |
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| CN106525296A (en) * | 2016-10-09 | 2017-03-22 | 深圳瑞湖科技有限公司 | Electronic skin for touch detection |
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