WO2012023932A1 - Method and device for fabricating volume bragg gratings - Google Patents
Method and device for fabricating volume bragg gratings Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012023932A1 WO2012023932A1 PCT/US2010/045853 US2010045853W WO2012023932A1 WO 2012023932 A1 WO2012023932 A1 WO 2012023932A1 US 2010045853 W US2010045853 W US 2010045853W WO 2012023932 A1 WO2012023932 A1 WO 2012023932A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- vbgs
- mask
- light beam
- units
- phase mask
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006089 photosensitive glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
- G02B5/1847—Manufacturing methods
- G02B5/1857—Manufacturing methods using exposure or etching means, e.g. holography, photolithography, exposure to electron or ion beams
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/02—Details of features involved during the holographic process; Replication of holograms without interference recording
- G03H1/024—Hologram nature or properties
- G03H1/0248—Volume holograms
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
- H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
- H01S3/0675—Resonators including a grating structure, e.g. distributed Bragg reflectors [DBR] or distributed feedback [DFB] fibre lasers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/02—Details of features involved during the holographic process; Replication of holograms without interference recording
- G03H2001/026—Recording materials or recording processes
- G03H2001/0268—Inorganic recording material, e.g. photorefractive crystal [PRC]
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/04—Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
- G03H1/20—Copying holograms by holographic, i.e. optical means
- G03H2001/205—Subdivided copy, e.g. scanning transfer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/26—Processes or apparatus specially adapted to produce multiple sub- holograms or to obtain images from them, e.g. multicolour technique
- G03H1/30—Processes or apparatus specially adapted to produce multiple sub- holograms or to obtain images from them, e.g. multicolour technique discrete holograms only
- G03H2001/306—Tiled identical sub-holograms
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H2222/00—Light sources or light beam properties
- G03H2222/36—Scanning light beam
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H2260/00—Recording materials or recording processes
- G03H2260/50—Reactivity or recording processes
- G03H2260/54—Photorefractive reactivity wherein light induces photo-generation, redistribution and trapping of charges then a modification of refractive index, e.g. photorefractive polymer
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for fabricating volume diffractive elements in photo-thermo refractive glass. More particularly, the invention relates to holographic optical elements and specifically, to volume Bragg gratings (VBG) fabricated in doped photo-thermo retraactive (PTR) glasses.
- VBG volume Bragg gratings
- PTR photo-thermo retraactive
- VBG diffractive optical elements
- UV light induced refractive index structures which are fabricated in photothermorefr active glass, have been recently widely accepted in optoelectronics.
- VBGs are the effective optical solution to stabilizing the output wavelength from a commercial laser diode.
- a typical method for recording VBGs involves a prism-based interferometer' which has a thin elongated plate of photosensitive glass coupled to the prism's face.
- the prism is made from material transparent at a given wavelength. The exposure of the prism to an incident light wave leads to the recordation of VBGs along the plate's surface.
- a few inconveniences may be encountered during the manufacturing process of VBGs using the above-discussed interferometric approach.
- the intensity of the exposure should be uniform in order to have uniform index change and refractive index modulation along and across the plate.
- This may be technologically challenging.
- Also challenging may be the spatial stability between the beam and the plate coupled to the prism, which likewise is required for a reproducible fabrication of gratings.
- the coupling between the prism and plate may be sensitive to misalignment and requires a good mechanical stability.
- a further inconvenience presented by this method may include dicing the plate so to receive individual VBGs since it is being done by cutting the plate transversely to the longitudinal direction of the grating fringes, when the angle between the grating planes and the glass surface is desired .
- a further method of volume grating fabrication using side interferometric recording 2 allows for the fabrication of large and thick volume holograms. This approach, like the one previously discussed, may not be efficient in mass production because of the difficulty to maintain the desired alignment between the components. In addition, this method does not teach teaching dicing a slab of glass because the final product includes large, thick volume holograms, not small VBGs.
- a method for manufacturing fiber Bragg gratings utilizes a simpler, more efficient approach than those discussed above.
- a grating is typically imprinted in the core of an optical fiber using a silica glass grating phase mask .
- "Laser irradiation of the phase mask with ultraviolet light at normal incidence imprints into the optical fiber core the interference pattern created by the phase mask.”
- an apparatus for implementing the method is configured with a stationary light source radiating light having a Gaussian profile which is incident upon the mask that, in turn, is juxtaposed with a fiber.
- phase mask A few obvious advantages of using a phase mask include, but not limited to, the use of low coherence excimer lasers for grating fabrication and reliable and reproducible length of gratings. These advantages are critical for efficient mass production. Perhaps one of possible undesirable consequences associated with the fiber grating production process stems from the stationary light source which is typically a laser with a long coherence wavelength.
- any lengths of fiber can be irradiated as long as it does not exceed the dimension of the used mask.
- the radiation emitted by the single mode stationary laser has a substantially Gaussian profile characterized by a high intensity field along the laser axis and smaller field intensities gradually changing as the wings of the profile run away from its central, axial region.
- the mask is not uniformly exposed to light which leads to the variation of grating parameters such as
- VBGs which is characterized by the light (UV) exposure uniformity.
- the present disclosure utilizes a phase mask and displacement of the mask and laser source relative to one another so as to mass produce transverse holographic elements, such as VBGs, in photo thermo-refractive glass.
- the disclosed apparatus allows for, among others, a uniform index change, central wavelength and radiation dosage, high mass productivity amounting to at least 95% of products exceeding the established quality standards and reproducibility of grating parameters.
- the disclosed apparatus provides for exposing a one-piece thick slab to a UV light which is incident upon an elongated phase mask located between the light source and slab.
- the exposure is accompanied by relative displacement of a light source, radiating UV light and the mask so as to uniformly irradiate the slab.
- the light source moves relative to the stationary mask.
- VBGs volume Bragg gratings
- the slab is initially cut into a plurality of uniform units.
- the individual units are stacked together and exposed to the displaceable UV source in a manner similar to the previously disclosed aspect.
- FIG. 1 a highly diagrammatic view of an assembly operative to implement the disclosed method.
- FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the concept underlying the disclosed method.
- FIG. 2 A is a view of separate unit of material provided with VBGs recorded in accordance with the assembly of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic view conceptually illustrating the known prior art.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a cutting stage configured in accordance to the disclosed method.
- FIG. 5 illustrates units of material to be irradiated provided in accordance with one aspect of the disclosed method.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a flow chart representing the main steps of the disclosed method.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a system 10 configured to implement a method for recording volume Bragg gratings (VBGs) in a slab 12 of photo-thermo refractive glass.
- the system 10 further includes a light generating assembly 14 which is operative to radiate a UV beam 25 incident on a phase-mask 18.
- the mask 18 is disposed either in contact with or close to slab 12 which is axially substantially coextensive with the mask and configured as a host material for recorded VBGs.
- slab 12 includes an elongated body extending along axis A-A' and mounted to a support 13.
- the system 10 operates so that mask 18, source assembly 14 and slab 12 may all linearly displaceable relative to one another by an actuator 21.
- light assembly 14 is operative to move relative to stationary mask 18 on a direction parallel to elongated axis A-A' of slab 12.
- the displacement of the light source assembly and mask/slab combination may be reversed so that mask 18 and slab 12, which are mounted to respective supports 13, 19 or simply displaceably fixed to one another, move relative to UV beam 25.
- the relative displacement allows for the formation of any arbitrary length of a grating region 24. Even more importantly, the relative displacement of these components provides for a substantially uniform distribution of high intensity field of light beam 25 over grating region 24.
- a plurality of fringes 23, as shown in dash lines, are produced in the slab to define grating region 24 which is further diced along the fringes to form a plurality of individual, separated from one another units.
- the light generating assembly 14 is configured so as to write VBGs 22 at the desired depth within slab 12 and, of course, along the desired length of grating region 24.
- the assembly includes a light source, such as a laser 26 which may be configured as a fiber laser radiating output beam 25 in substantially a fundamental mode with a Gaussian profile.
- the beam 25 propagates along a light path until it impinges a first light reflecting component, such as an upstream mirror 28, which is mounted on axis 36 so as rotate as shown by double arrow 16.
- the angular displacement of mirror 28 allows for setting the desired distance at which laser 26 may be removed from a VBG writing assembly, i.e. mask 18 without actual displacement of the laser along a vertical.
- the light generating assembly 14 is further configured with a beam expander which may include two light reflecting elements, such as concave-formed mirror 30 and 32.
- the beam expander is configured to modify the dimension of light spot at slab 12 produced by interfering beams 38 and 40, respectively. The greater the overlap 42 between the interfering beams, the greater the depth of light penetration into slab 12.
- the beam expansion factor is determined by the ratio of focus lengths of respective elements 30 and 32.
- elements 30 and 32 should have the overlapping focus in order to have the collimated beam output, which can be obtained by displacing these elements relative to one another.
- a scanning light reflecting element 34 routes expanded beam 25 towards a writing assembly 44 hich includes mask 18 and slab 12.
- element 34 may be controllably displaced by actuator 21 so as to optimize the uniformity of the exposure dose.
- supports 13 and 19, respectively, are displaced relative to assembly 14.
- FIG. 2 diagrammatically illustrates a VBG writing assembly 44. Due to the configuration of system 10 of FIG. 1 , as beam 25 impinges against slab 12 while propagating through mask 18, gratings 22 are imprinted perpendicular to axis A-A'. Such a configuration allows for the simplicity of cutting slab 12 into individual units 50. As illustrated in FIG. 2, the cutting is realized in a direction perpendicular to axis A-A', i.e., parallel to the longitudinal dimension of grating 22 along fringes 23. In contrast, as shown in FIG.
- mask 18 and body 12 may be angularly displaceable, i.e. rotatable, as shown by a double-head arrow in FIG. 2 relative to one another about a vertical by, for example, actuator 21 of FIG. 1.
- This structure allows for the formation of slanted VBGs 22, as shown in FIG. 2A which illustrates rectangularly shaped units 50 (only one is shown) each having grating(s) 22 extend
- slab 12 may be placed on a translation stage (not shown) operative to pivot about axis A-A', as indicated by a double arrow in FIG. 2.
- a translation stage (not shown) operative to pivot about axis A-A', as indicated by a double arrow in FIG. 2.
- Such a structure allows for dicing body 12 by a saw 27 into individual units 50 each having a parallelepiped-shaped configuration in which gratings 22 extend perpendicular to the opposite top and bottom surfaces of the unit.
- saw 27 may pivot relative to slap 12 so as to produce the parallelepiped-shaped units 50.
- Such a configuration may be useful when slanted fringes 23 are used to reflect undesirable frequencies so that the latter bypass a source of light, such as a laser diode.
- position of saw 27 and body 12 may be fixed for fabrication of rectangularly-shaped units 50'.
- FIG. 6 illustrates general steps illustrating the above discussion.
- the adjustment of the desired distance between light assembly 14 and mask 18 is realized in step 52.
- the expander of light source is adjusted in step 54.
- relative rotation of step 56 may be performed either to have VBGs 22 extend parallel to fringes 23, as shown in step 56' or angularly as shown by step 56".
- step 58 illustrates a cutting stage of the disclosed process in which individual units 50 may have a rectangular shape as illustrated by step 58' or have fringes 23 slanted, as shown by step 58".
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP10856236.4A EP2606541A4 (en) | 2010-08-18 | 2010-08-18 | Method and device for fabricating volume bragg gratings |
JP2013524823A JP2013536469A (en) | 2010-08-18 | 2010-08-18 | Method and apparatus for manufacturing volume Bragg grating |
PCT/US2010/045853 WO2012023932A1 (en) | 2010-08-18 | 2010-08-18 | Method and device for fabricating volume bragg gratings |
KR1020127004230A KR20130098843A (en) | 2010-08-18 | 2010-08-18 | Method and device for fabricating volume bragg gratings |
CN2010800353111A CN102652384A (en) | 2010-08-18 | 2010-08-18 | Method and device for fabricating volume bragg gratings |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2010/045853 WO2012023932A1 (en) | 2010-08-18 | 2010-08-18 | Method and device for fabricating volume bragg gratings |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2012023932A1 true WO2012023932A1 (en) | 2012-02-23 |
Family
ID=45605369
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2010/045853 WO2012023932A1 (en) | 2010-08-18 | 2010-08-18 | Method and device for fabricating volume bragg gratings |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2606541A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2013536469A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20130098843A (en) |
CN (1) | CN102652384A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2012023932A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2022187945A1 (en) * | 2021-03-08 | 2022-09-15 | Teraxion Inc. | Volume bragg grating in a cylindrical bulk medium |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102902002B (en) * | 2012-09-25 | 2014-06-25 | 浙江大学 | Reflection type volume holographic Bragg grating ultraviolet exposure method |
CN104133267B (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2017-12-26 | 林安英 | The method for making multi-wavelength Volume Bragg grating |
CN110275244B (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2021-03-23 | 苏州东辉光学有限公司 | Method for preparing volume Bragg grating |
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US20070236796A1 (en) * | 2002-09-12 | 2007-10-11 | Illumina, Inc. | Method of manufacturing of a diffraction grating-based optical identification element |
US20080018719A1 (en) * | 2004-12-11 | 2008-01-24 | Prakash Patel | Phthalocyanines And Their Use In Ink-Jet Printers |
US7406225B1 (en) * | 2006-12-07 | 2008-07-29 | Hrl Laboratories, Llc | System and method for recording reflection Bragg Gratings |
US20080253424A1 (en) * | 2003-07-03 | 2008-10-16 | Boris Leonidovich Volodin | Use of Volume Bragg Gratings For The Conditioning Of Laser Emission Characteristics |
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JPH0472782A (en) * | 1990-07-13 | 1992-03-06 | Komatsu Ltd | Narrow band laser oscillation method |
JPH0497201A (en) * | 1990-08-10 | 1992-03-30 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Production of beam expander and diffraction grating |
US5646765A (en) * | 1994-10-05 | 1997-07-08 | Synrad, Inc. | Laser scanner |
DE4438283C2 (en) * | 1994-10-26 | 1997-04-10 | Lambda Physik Gmbh | Laser for generating narrow-band radiation |
JP2001042142A (en) * | 1999-08-04 | 2001-02-16 | Mitsubishi Cable Ind Ltd | Manufacture of fiber grating and temperature sensor using fiber grating |
WO2003079058A2 (en) * | 2002-03-15 | 2003-09-25 | Pd-Ld, Inc. | Fiber optic devices having volume bragg grating elements |
JP2004170476A (en) * | 2002-11-18 | 2004-06-17 | Showa Electric Wire & Cable Co Ltd | Method for forming fiber bragg grating |
JP4514448B2 (en) * | 2002-12-26 | 2010-07-28 | 京セラ株式会社 | Volume type phase grating, manufacturing method thereof, optical module and semiconductor laser module using the same |
JP2007121941A (en) * | 2005-10-31 | 2007-05-17 | Kyocera Corp | Fibrous phase grating element, fibrous phase grating and phase grating module |
US7864388B2 (en) * | 2005-11-17 | 2011-01-04 | Raytheon Company | Method and apparatus for recoding holographic diffraction gratings |
JP5013851B2 (en) * | 2005-12-26 | 2012-08-29 | 京セラ株式会社 | Phase grating, phase grating with lens, and optical module |
JP2008242326A (en) * | 2007-03-28 | 2008-10-09 | Univ Of Miyazaki | Method of manufacturing fiber bragg grating and apparatus for manufacturing the same |
LT5573B (en) * | 2007-09-10 | 2009-05-25 | Uab "Geola Digital" | Method for holograms and holographic printings contact copying |
US8018982B2 (en) * | 2008-04-17 | 2011-09-13 | Pin Long | Sliced fiber bragg grating used as external cavity for semiconductor laser and solid state laser |
-
2010
- 2010-08-18 JP JP2013524823A patent/JP2013536469A/en active Pending
- 2010-08-18 KR KR1020127004230A patent/KR20130098843A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2010-08-18 WO PCT/US2010/045853 patent/WO2012023932A1/en active Application Filing
- 2010-08-18 EP EP10856236.4A patent/EP2606541A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-08-18 CN CN2010800353111A patent/CN102652384A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20070236796A1 (en) * | 2002-09-12 | 2007-10-11 | Illumina, Inc. | Method of manufacturing of a diffraction grating-based optical identification element |
US20080253424A1 (en) * | 2003-07-03 | 2008-10-16 | Boris Leonidovich Volodin | Use of Volume Bragg Gratings For The Conditioning Of Laser Emission Characteristics |
US20080018719A1 (en) * | 2004-12-11 | 2008-01-24 | Prakash Patel | Phthalocyanines And Their Use In Ink-Jet Printers |
US7406225B1 (en) * | 2006-12-07 | 2008-07-29 | Hrl Laboratories, Llc | System and method for recording reflection Bragg Gratings |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2022187945A1 (en) * | 2021-03-08 | 2022-09-15 | Teraxion Inc. | Volume bragg grating in a cylindrical bulk medium |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2013536469A (en) | 2013-09-19 |
KR20130098843A (en) | 2013-09-05 |
CN102652384A (en) | 2012-08-29 |
EP2606541A4 (en) | 2014-01-15 |
EP2606541A1 (en) | 2013-06-26 |
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