WO2011134463A2

WO2011134463A2 - Energy supply system for mobile-operated technology

Info

Publication number: WO2011134463A2
Application number: PCT/DE2011/001007
Authority: WO
Inventors: Jens Goldenstein
Original assignee: Jens Goldenstein
Priority date: 2010-04-29
Filing date: 2011-04-28
Publication date: 2011-11-03
Also published as: DE102010018698A1; WO2011134463A3

Abstract

The invention relates to an energy supply system for mobile-operated technology, in particular traffic, in particular electric vehicles, with at least one container, into which electrical energy cells can be introduced and fixed, and with electrical contacts, by means of which electrical contact can be made with the energy cells, with at least one actuable apparatus, by means of which the energy cells can be released in such a way that said energy cells are present as a loose quantity and are capable of moving in at least one spatial direction in the container.

Description

Energy supply system for mobile technology

This invention solves the standardization problems in battery replacement systems for the large-scale power supply of mobile technology, especially electric vehicles of different power classes.

description

Battery replacement systems for electrically powered handsets are well known, cordless screwdrivers, cell phones and laptops are usually supplied with a reusable and replaceable electric battery. The performance of these devices is small enough that the removable batteries can be easily handled manually. This is different for larger power devices. Especially in electric vehicles, the drive battery is not as in e.g. To change a cordless screwdriver with a few simple steps, because this is too big and too heavy. It is therefore common to leave the battery of an electric vehicle in all operating conditions, even during charging in the vehicle. However, the performance requirements of a modern electric vehicle make it necessary, in addition to charging at private and public charging stations, to think about practicable battery replacement systems. Battery replacement systems for electric vehicles are known from the prior art. DE 10 2007 032 210, DE 196 21 668 and US 59 98 963 describe devices in which the battery on the underside of a vehicle to be assembled and disassembled.

A disadvantage of the prior art is the fact that the battery must be replaced as a contiguous block. As a result, a special replaceable battery has to be provided for virtually every vehicle class. However, each type of replaceable battery must then also be stored in sufficient quantity by the change station, which results in an increased and costly storage requirement. The large inventories increase the amount of batteries not in use, which results in the fact that generally more batteries are manufactured than would be the case for a more efficient system. All in all Although the known battery replacement systems are fairly able to solve the mobile energy problem, they generate too great a cost and an excessive standardization effort. It would be desirable to have a battery replacement system that can respond dynamically and meaningfully to the different power classes of mobile technology, especially of different power classes in vehicles, without having to stockpile a special battery for each vehicle class. Furthermore, it is desirable to manage the replacement process of large batteries with a simpler and less expensive technique than that described in the prior art.

This object is achieved with a device having the features of claim 1 and with a method according to claim 9. Further developments are described in the subclaims.

According to the invention, the drive battery of an electric vehicle no longer exists as a block hanging together but from a plurality of so-called energy cells. The term energy cell generally describes a mechanical body which is equipped with or consists of electrical energy storage elements. The power cell, if provided for storing electrical energy, also includes electrical contacts by means of which it can be charged and discharged. The mechanical formation of the energy cells is preferably standardized, and repeats uniformly in large numbers. The size and thus the energy content of a battery is determined by the number of energy cells that make up the battery. Depending on the size of the energy cells, a battery can be changed in terms of size and power in fine steps and adapted to the respective technical requirements. The energy cells are received to form a battery in a container which is in the mobile technology or intended for this. When the energy cells in the container are discharged, they can be replaced by charged energy cells. During the exchange process, the energy cells are movable in at least one spatial dimension. This means that the energy cells are fixed in the container during the normal operation of the mobile technology and are connected to the mobile technology energy system. However, for an inventive exchange process, the energy cells must be mobile. To enable this temporarily for the exchange process, are the mechanical fixing of the energy cells, as provided for the electrical contacting of the energy cell operable devices which mechanically fix the energy cells in the container of the mobile technology as needed or mechanically free and which connect the energy cells electrically as needed with the on-board technology and solve. It is also possibly provided one and the same device for both tasks, namely to use mechanical setting or release and electrical connection and release.

The mechanical setting of the energy cells occurs, for example, through the boundary walls of the container itself, wherein for the mechanical release of the energy cells, e.g. a flap in the container is opened, or a wall of the same is removed (see first embodiment), or by mechanical components which are introduced by an operable device in the container or in the container in their position are changed (see second embodiment).

The electrical connection and disconnection of the energy cells with the on-board technology takes place, for example, individually or in groups on one or more movable components mounted electrical contacts, wherein the movable components for connecting or disconnecting the electrical connections brought by an actuatable device to the electrical contacts of the energy cells or be removed from these again. But other devices that can close and solve by pressing electrical contacts are provided with.

Preferably, such a device will produce electrical contact with several energy cells simultaneously. These electrical connections are made and solved by e.g. a component that is equipped with a plurality of electrical contacts for a plurality of cells is mechanically brought to this or removed. The arrangement of the electrical contacts of said component is preferably based on the anticipated arrangement of the energy cells in the container. If necessary, devices for mechanically setting the energy cells can also be provided in this way. It is important that the above-mentioned devices are operable, meaning that they have the ability to generate and also release the mechanical and / or electrical connections to the energy cells by means of manual or automatic actuation.

For the release of the electrical and mechanical connections of the mobile technology to the energy cells, this allows their predetermined freedom of movement, which should preferably exist during the exchange process. Because during an exchange process, the energy cells are not handled individually but as a loose amount. The term "loose amount" here describes a number of energy cells that are handled together, wherein the individual energy cells of this quantity can change their relative position to one another with at least one degree of freedom, ie it is provided that, for example, the energy cells do not mechanically bond to one another and in principle, as long as this is not limited by the handling devices, can move freely against each other, much like the molecules of a liquid, but the energy cells may or may not touch each other, but mutual contact of the cells may be necessary However, it may also be provided that the energy cells are mechanically movably connected so that the amount of energy cells can be handled like a moving chain, which can be manually or mechanically set in motion by pulling or pushing ,

This makes it possible to push the quantity back and forth through differently limited spaces, to pull, to pump, or to set in motion by the acceleration of the earth and to make it flow, so to speak. The movement of the energy cells is facilitated by appropriate sliding and rolling devices, in particular on the mobile technology, on the power cells themselves, and on all other devices involved in the replacement process.

In the container, which receives the energy cells, there is at least one closable opening through which the energy cells are applied or discharged. Such an opening may be smaller in cross-sectional area than the smallest area of a container wall. However, it is at least so large that at least one energy cell can pass through this opening, so that the replacement of a battery takes place in the form of a partial flow of energy cells. In this way, even very large batteries can be passed through a small opening in the body e.g. a vehicle to be replaced.

With regard to the arrangement of the energy cells in the container, it is preferable to start from the densest packing, which is preferably brought about by the constriction of the space in the container. But also alternative facilities, such as certain shapes in the container (bulges and elevations) in which the energy cells arrive automatically or with mechanical help, are also provided. In the event that the energy cells a have one-dimensional freedom of movement, these will arrange themselves in the mobile technology in a row. In case the energy cells have a two-dimensional freedom of movement, they will arrange themselves in a way that is similar to a 2-dimensional crystal lattice. In this way, the arrangement of the cells in the container is predictable according to their predetermined freedom of movement, so that devices for the generation of electrical connections to the energy cells can be provided at the corresponding locations in the mobile device or in the container. It is one of the above-mentioned actuatable devices.

Preferably, after the completion of the replacement process of the actuatable devices, the energy cells are mechanically fixed, and created the electrical contacts between on-board technology and energy cells. Then the mobile technology is ready for use again.

It is intended to vary the degree of filling of the container with energy cells and e.g. to adapt to the respective range claims of a vehicle user. For this purpose, it is provided the space of the container, e.g. by displaceable components, e.g. Slider (second Ausführungsbei game) or artificially reduce one or more movable walls, so that even in a partially filled container, the energy cells can be fixed. However, if the fixing of the energy cells by other means are also alternative devices, e.g. individually assess the energy cells, conceivable.

It is intended to divide the container into at least two partitions of variable size, which may optionally be filled individually and independently. This should also be done, for example, with sliding walls. But can also take place with alternative methods, such as with devices for individual demand-dependent fixing of individual energy cells or energy cell groups. Such partitioning may include, for example, a space for a quantity of energy cells remaining in the vehicle and being charged at private and public charging stations, and a second space being filled with rented energy cells as needed by the energy supplier, for example when there are longer journeys , An advantage of the invention is that in the change stations (the places where the battery is replaced) now no special battery sizes need to be stored, because the exchange system can generate the most different battery sizes by the same for a specific battery size appropriate number of energy cells are provided.

Another advantage is that mechanically it is much easier to machine a larger number of smaller cells than a single contiguous block. Also can be regulated on the number of energy cells, the degree of filling of the container, so that the user of the mobile technology is not forced to be traveling with a always the same size battery. So he can adjust the battery size of his vehicle to his current range requirements and thus saves weight and energy.

Since the battery is replaced in the form of a partial flow of energy cells, the opening in the body of the device in question may turn out much smaller than was previously possible. This is an advantage in the design of bodies. The exploitation of the gravitational acceleration for the replacement process has the additional advantage that neither in the electric vehicle nor in the replacement devices consuming drives for handling the energy cells must be provided, because the supply of potential energy in the high energy cells can be done centrally and automatically at the loading devices of the exchange stations.

But also from the point of view of the manufacturer of mobile technology, the invention has advantages, because this can e.g. Advertise electric vehicles with long ranges, without having to deliver the correspondingly large and expensive battery immediately, because the small battery can be added on demand at a public exchange station. In this way, the purchase price for an electric vehicle is significantly reduced without having to forego a possible long range. This generally provides a similar comfort as the average car driver is accustomed to from the conventional combustion system and gas stations, e.g. the immediate availability of energy, because the energy cells taken on board are preferably charged and can be used immediately. This will make it easier for a car driver to accept the new electrical system.

Due to the fact that with this invention many vehicles are equipped with a smaller battery than is necessary for a maximum range In general, the produced batteries much better exploited. This saves resources on expensive materials, such as lithium, and thus generally helps to limit the costs of introducing electric mobility.

embodiments

The invention will be described below by way of exemplary embodiments with reference to the characters in the figures.

1 shows schematically a horizontal section through an inventive electric vehicle 25 with an exchange device for energy cells 23,

2 schematically shows a longitudinal vertical section through an electric vehicle 25 according to the invention with an exchange device for energy cells 23 with one-dimensional freedom of movement,

3 schematically shows a longitudinal vertical section through an inventive electric vehicle 25 with an exchange device for energy cells 23, while the discharged energy cells 20 roll out of the vehicle 25 onto the exchange device 25,

4 schematically shows a longitudinal vertical section through an electric vehicle 25 according to the invention with an energy cell exchange device 23, while the charged energy cells 21 roll from the replacement device into the electric vehicle 25,

5 shows a horizontal section through an inventive electric vehicle 25 with an exchange device for energy cells 23 with two-dimensional freedom of movement,

6 shows a horizontal section through an inventive electric vehicle 25 with an exchange device for energy cells 23, while the discharged energy cells 15 leave the electric vehicle,

7 shows a horizontal section through an inventive electric vehicle 25 with an exchange device for energy cells 23, while the charged energy cells 15 are pressed into the vehicle 25,

8 shows a schematic plan view of a cylindrical power cell 15 with electrical contacts, 9 schematically shows a cross section through a battery container 6 with five cylindrical energy cells 15 and an actuatable device for providing electrical connections, wherein the electrical connections to the energy cells 15 are released,

10 shows schematically a cross section through a battery container 6 with five cylindrical energy cells 15 and an actuatable device for providing electrical connections, wherein the electrical connections to the energy cells are closed,

11 shows a cuboid energy cell with rolling balls 17, for one to two-dimensional freedom of movement,

12 shows a diamond-shaped energy cell with rolling balls, for two-dimensional freedom of movement,

13 shows a cylindrical energy cell with rolling balls, for two-dimensional freedom of movement,

14 shows an energy cell in the form of a self-rolling roller, for one-dimensional freedom of movement,

15 shows a cuboid power cell with wheels, for one-dimensional freedom of movement,

Fig. 16 shows a roller-shaped cell with roller-shaped ends for rolling on rails, for one-dimensional freedom of movement.

According to the invention, the batteries of mobile technical devices consist of a large number of energy cells (in short: cells). In the mobile device, a container is provided, which receives the cells. Since the size of the battery is changeable, this container does not necessarily have to be completely filled with cells. It may be necessary to divide the battery into at least two areas (see Fig. 5-7). One part could eg be provided for the owner's battery. By owner battery is meant those energy cells 14 in the mobile device which are the property of the device owner. In the case that the mobile technology is an electric vehicle, the owner battery 14 is the energy storage which is preferably provided for the daily range and is charged at public or private charging stations. The second, usually larger part of the battery is provided for rented cells 15. In an electric vehicle, this part is filled when a particularly long range is desired. Basically, however, the size can be Both parts are freely chosen. Thus, a customer can provide the entire space for the owner battery 14 and another customer completely omit the owner battery 14 so that it is traveling only with rented cells. Both the owner battery and the leased cells 15 are basically interchangeable to renew the energy of the mobile technology in particular in an electric vehicle in a short time, without having to wait for the duration of the charging time of the energy cells.

The cells are similar in their housing form. These are preferably used cross-device or vehicle type cross-over. It would be particularly welcome if one could even agree on a standard across companies, as this would increase the cost-effective effectiveness of the system. It would be conceivable to have a standard similar to the CD, the videocassette or generally like a returnable bottle system.

In general, the shape of the cells is chosen so that the necessary for the exchange process locomotion of the cells by means of sliding or rolling friction is facilitated. In the exemplary embodiments, rolling friction is preferably assumed. For this, e.g. a cylindrical shape of the cells per se, (see Fig. 14) or parts of a cell (see Fig. 16) are particularly advantageous for rolling the cells in one dimension because no special rolling devices need be provided because the cells like a roller, for example can roll down an inclined plane or rails. Cell shapes are also provided which have flat surfaces, e.g. Cuboid (Figures 1 1 and 15), rhombus (Figure 12) and cylinder (Figure 13) with flat end faces. One or more surfaces of these cells are provided with rolling devices e.g. Wheels 16 or balls 17 are provided to allow rolling of the cells along one or more of their flat surfaces (see Figs. 1 1, 12, 13, 15).

It is envisaged to handle the energy cells (short, cells) during the replacement process, preferably unsorted. They are mobile on a limited scale. The concrete placement of the cells in the mobile device happens, within limits of the respective freedom of movement, preferably random. Depending on how large the basic freedom of movement of the cells is in their handling, there is a 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional or 3-dimensional freedom of distribution in the container. It is envisaged to optimize the shape of the cells in such a way that, prior to settling in the container, for example by mechanical narrowing of the space in the container, the cells are automatically repeating themselves in a uniform manner Arrangement einfinden, wherein the arrangement of the provided electrical contacts in the mobile technology is matched to the expected arrangement of the cells and their electrical contacts. Thereafter, preferably all cells are mechanically fixed in the mobile device and made the intended electrical connections. Of course, the cells also have corresponding electrical contacts. If appropriate, devices for the transmission of data are provided at the cells, for example via the type of cells, voltage, capacity, age, state of charge of the respective cell, etc. for which, of course, corresponding receptors are also provided in the device to be operated.

The cells are introduced into the mobile device through at least one designated opening, with a plurality of cells passing through this opening, which corresponds to a partial flow of energy cells.

The movement of the cells is caused by mechanical force acting on some cells, whereby the force effect continues through mutual contact from cell to cell on all cells to be moved. A movable connection of the cells with each other is possibly also provided, so that the amount of cells can be set as a chain by pulling on the same in motion. It is also contemplated to effect the movement of the cells by the action of gravitational pull in which the cells roll or slide over an inclined plane 18 and 19, respectively (see Figures 3 and 4). In mobile technology, and especially in large batteries, there is also a mechanical force on the cells in the container.

In the following, for better understanding, three embodiments will be described by way of example. The figures show schematically the principle of the device and do not represent true to scale constructions.

The first embodiment is an example of an energy cell exchange device in which the cells have 1-dimensional freedom of movement (see FIGS. 1-4). The cells 20 are in the form of long rollers, for example with a length of 600 mm and a diameter of 150 mm. These cells can only roll back and forth in one direction. Meaning, they can not roll sideways to the left and right and not up and down. Since in this example only a single row of cells is provided in the mobile device, here an electric vehicle, and preferably unsorted the cells in the loading and exchange stations In this case, a random distribution of the cells along a line, namely along the direction of movement of the cells (one dimension), results here. The direction of movement of the cells 20/21 corresponds to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle, ie the X-axis. The axis of rotation of the cells is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (x) of the vehicle.

At the rear of the vehicle, preferably below the trunk, a closable opening 22 is provided through which a cell fits through it in a rolling manner. During the exchange process, all cells 20/21 involved in the exchange process pass through this opening 22, which corresponds to a partial flow of energy cells. The movement of the cells 20/21 is done by rolling. In order to trigger the rolling movement of the respective cells 20/21, the respective planes 18, 19, on which the cells to be moved are located, are tilted.

On the part of the exchange station, the exchange device consists only of a loaded with cells 21 cart 23, which is moved for example by hand, such as a shopping cart over a smooth surface 24. Of course, more complex and automated devices are also provided, but these are partially already described in US 59 98 963 and DE 10 2007 032 210, so that this need not be repeated. However, the devices described therein, as well as generally automated power cell machine replacement devices, are included in this application. For the initial establishment of the system, the trolley 23 is certainly an inexpensive alternative. The lifting work that has to be performed beforehand in order to utilize the gravitational acceleration in the further course of the replacement process is carried out mechanically and, if necessary, centrally within the replacement station (also referred to above as the "change station"), so that further mechanically driven devices on the devices, the are no longer to be provided for the replacement process on the vehicle In the following, an exchange process of all cells 20 in the vehicle is described by way of example:

After the vehicle 25 is parked and switched off, all electrical connections to the cells 20 are released in the container of the vehicle. This is done by means of a device that is operated manually or automatically. Preferably, it consists of a displaceable component which contains the electrical contacts for the contacting of one or more cells. When actuated, this component moves to the cells to or from the cells away and shoots or dissolves while the electrical contacts to the cells. The electrical contact can also cause a sufficient mechanical fixing. In this example, however, a separate actuatable device is provided for this purpose:

Thus, in this example, all the cells 20 in the vehicle are mechanically released so that they can roll by unlocking and opening the rear opening 22. Since the opening extends over the entire container width, this corresponds to the omission of a container wall in a figurative sense.

Now, the trolley 23 is placed in the x and y-axis matching the opening 22. The Z-axis is adjusted either via a height adjustment on the trolley 23, for example by means of a foot-operated hydraulics or a height adjustment in the vehicle 25, for example by means of a mechanical, hydraulic or magnetic (Bose suspension) level control. Since when changing the cells, the total weight of the vehicle 25 changes greatly, it makes sense to set the chassis of the vehicle during the exchange process, so that vehicle 25 and cart 23 always remain at a suitable height to each other. The trolley 23 has two levels 19, 26 on which cells are stored. An upper level 19 on which the charged cells 21 are located and a lower level 26 on which the unloaded cells 20 are to be transported away. Now, at the beginning of the replacement process, the lower level 26 of the trolley 23 is empty and the upper level 19 occupied with charged cells 21. When the vehicle 25 and the handcart 23 are in position, the unloaded cells 20 are first removed from the handler 25 and stored on the cart 23. This happens in which the plane 18 in the vehicle 25 on which the cells 21 store, one-sided lowered and skewed. The axis of rotation 27 of this level 18 is located as far away from the opening 22, so here in the front part of the car. The other side of the level 18 is lowered so far that it arrives at about the level of the lower level 26 of the cart 23. This lowering results in an inclined plane 18 in the vehicle 25, which the cells 20 roll down (see Figure 3). The cells 20 roll out of the vehicle 25 through the opening 22 and land directly on the lower level 26 of the cart 23. When all the unloaded cells 20 have arrived on the cart 23, the level 18 in the vehicle 25 is raised back to its normal level and arrested. Since the plane 18 is not occupied by cells 20 at this time, the force to raise the plane 18 again is comparatively low. Next, the upper level 19 of the cart 23 on the side of the opening 22 on one side to the level lowered the vehicle level 18. This in turn creates an inclined plane 9 (see Fig. 4). This time, however, the loaded cells 21 roll down from the plane 19 of the cart 23 to the level 18 in the vehicle 25. When all the loaded cells 21 in the vehicle 25 are in, the opening 22 is closed and locked. Thus, the cells 21 are mechanically fixed in the vehicle. Thereafter, the electrical connections between the vehicle 25 and the cells 21 are made. This completes the replacement process. The handcart 23 is removed and the vehicle 25 can resume its operation.

Note that the energy to move around the cells consists essentially of the level of energy that is mechanically supplied to the cells in the charging station. Because the discharged cells are removed in the exchange station from the trolley 23 and lifted mechanically for loading on a plane which is at least slightly higher than the upper level 19 of the trolley 23, so then all other movements of the cells for loading the trolley 23 and those of the replacement process can be handled without additional drive technology.

The second embodiment is an example of an upright cylindrical power cell exchanging device 15 having a 2-dimensional freedom of movement (see Figs. 5-7). Such a device may be useful if you want to use the space in the bottom of the vehicle more efficient, and at the same time would like to get the familiar design of a road vehicle, or would generally like to proceed more freely in the design of the design. For example, it is conceivable that a large container 30 for energy cells is available between the front axle 28 and the rear axle 29 of a vehicle 25, but a rear entrance 22 in this container 30 is narrowed, for example, by the subframe 31 in the rear. In the example described above, the inlet opening 22 in the container 30 is just as wide as the container 30 itself. This is no longer the case in this example. Here it is envisaged that the cells 15 can move and distribute not only on a line but on a surface. As a result, the entrance opening 22 may be narrower than the container 30. In the following, the cells 15 may move substantially to the left and to the right (x-axis) and back and forth (Y-axis).

In this example, the housings of the cells 15 have a shape optimized for 2-dimensional distribution freedom. For this purpose, the upright cylindrical shape is proposed. The cells move sliding or rolling along the plane Cylinder end faces 32 of the cells. In order to enable the rolling, for example, balls 17 are provided in the cylinder end faces 32, which allow movement in two dimensions (see FIG. 13). But just as well can also be the surfaces on which the cells move (in the container 18 uzB on the trolley 19) equipped with appropriate rolling devices. For example, the cells 15 have a diameter of 200mm and a height of 140mm, and are provided with electrical contacts on the cylinder end surfaces 32, in which example both poles (plus and minus) are concentric with the upper cylinder end surface (see FIG and 13). Fig. 8 shows how the two poles are arranged concentrically to each other, so that the cell can be accommodated in the container at any angle of its axis of rotation, while still ensuring a secure electrical contact to the electrical system.

The cells 15 are preferably not handled individually when changing, but moved as a quantity. In this case, the cells 15 contact each other on their cylindrical surfaces and push each other in a predetermined by the boundary surfaces of the exchange devices direction.

Figures 5-7 schematically illustrate a horizontal section through a road vehicle 25. The container 30 between the axles is wider than the entry port 22, although it is so wide and high that at least one cell 15 fits through it.

The container 30 is designed in its shape and dimensions so that, narrowing it, the cells 15 in it automatically enter into a uniformly repeating arrangement. The narrowing of the container 30 occurs, for example, mechanically with the aid of one or more slides 33, 34. In this example, two slides 33, 34 which are displaceable along the x-axis are provided in the vehicle, of which one, namely the slide 34, which holds the owner cells 14 separates from the loan cells 15, is additionally foldable, if necessary, to release the owner cells 14, if, as in this example, only one, namely the rear opening, is available. The displacement of the sliders 33, 34 regulates the size of the container 30, or the size of its partitions.

The replacement process is essentially the same as in the first example, except that here the cells 15 are mechanically pushed by means of the slides 33, 34, 35 or that rolling devices in the sliding planes of the container, the Exchange devices or the cells themselves actively participate in or facilitate the transport of the cells 15.

The vehicle 25 is parked and the landing gear in the height (Z-axis) locked. In order to enable the movements of the cells in the vehicle, first the electrical connections of the cells to the on-board technology have to be released and the cells must be mechanically released. The release of the electrical contacts is done with the aid of an actuatable device, which is described in more detail by way of example below with reference to FIGS. 8 to 10. The cylindrical power cells (see FIG. 13) slide on their lower cylinder end surfaces 32. The upper cylinder end surface is provided with two electrical contacts 12/13 (see FIG. 8). Since the cylindrical cells during the exchange process can rotate freely about its own axis 1 1, it is not determined in which angle of rotation they are electrically contacted in the container 6 and mechanically fixed. The electrical contact must therefore be independent of this angle of rotation. To make this possible, the electrical contacts are formed circular, with all the contacts have a common center namely on the axis 1 1, without touching each other. Fig. 8 shows a cell 15 in plan view with two contacts 12/13, wherein a contact 12 is designed as a circle, and another is arranged as a ring 13 to the first. Had the cell 15 more contacts, these would also be performed as a ring. Starting from the densest packing of the cells 15 in the container 6, the arrangement of the symmetry axes 11 of the cells and thus their exact position in the container 6 is foreseeable. For this purpose, electrical contacts 10 are provided in the container 6. These contacts 10 may be the same as those of the cells. But you can also, as shown in Fig. 9 and 10 deviate from this form. The contacting of the cells is done individually or in groups, the latter is shown in the figures. Here, a plurality of contacts 10 of the container 6 are mounted together on a movable member 8, which is pressed by coil springs 9 away from the cells. Nevertheless, a displaceable component 7 determines the position of the component 8. If one actuates the component 7 and pushes it to the left, the electrical contacts to the cells 15 in the container 6 are released (see FIG. 9). If one actuates the component 7 and pushes it to the right, the electrical contacts to the cells 15 in the container 6 are closed (see FIG. 10).

The mechanical release of the cells 15 is also carried out by an actuatable device, which here, as in the first example, from a rear opening 22nd consists. If the opening 22 is closed, the cells are trapped by the narrowness of the room and can not move. When the opening is opened, the cells may shift and exit the container. But there are, as already mentioned above, other solutions provided.

A trolley 23 equipped with loaded cells 15 is suitably placed on the vehicle 25 if the vehicle has not already been parked on an automatic exchange device. This handcart has two levels, as in the first example, where the discharged cells are picked up from one level and the charged cells are delivered to the vehicle in front of the other. The sliders 33, 34 in the vehicle move toward the rear opening 22 and push the discharged cells 15 out of the vehicle 25. The discharged cells 15 are picked up by the trolley 23 or by the automatic exchange device. Thereafter, the lateral guide members 36 are adapted to the trolley 23 or the automatic changing device to the width of the rear opening 22 of the vehicle 25, possibly also the height of the plane of the trolley, which contains the charged cells, adjusted accordingly. The slides 33, 34 in the vehicle drive back towards the front axle. With the help of the slider 35, the loaded cells 15 are now pressed by the trolley 23 and the automatic exchange device in the vehicle 25. Then, the rear opening 22 of the vehicle 25 is closed. Possibly. another slide, not shown, behind the rear opening 22 moves into the container 30 and pushes the cells 15 further into the interior of the container 30. The container 30 narrows and the cells 15 are automatically located in the predetermined closest packing. This also corresponds to a mechanical fixing of the cells. By removing this slide, the cells are released again. The electrical contacts to the cells 14 u. 1 are produced in the vehicle 25 by the actuatable device and the vehicle is now ready for use again.

If a smaller amount than the maximum amount of cells in the vehicle are taken on board, a corresponding displacement of the slide in the container 30 ensures a weight-favorable distribution of the battery mass in the vehicle.

In order to realize even more complex forms of containers a 3-dimensional freedom of movement of the cells is provided. This constitutes a third embodiment Again, the cells are optimized in shape. The shape of the cells may, for example, be spherical or be like a 3-dimensionally symmetrical crystal, so that the cells automatically enter the densest package while narrowing the space. Electrical contacts may now also take place between the cells to direct the energy to the limits of the container, where this is then taken up by further contacts and forwarded to the on-board technology. During the exchange process, the cells can move in three dimensions in the designated limited spaces. The movement of the cells is triggered by the change of the rooms or the spatial form or by movements on the space boundary surfaces.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

7 actuated component

8 sliding component with electrical contacts

9 spiral spring

10 electrical contacts

11 symmetry axis of a cell

12 Circular electrical contact of a cell

13 annular electrical contact of a cell

14 cells of the owner's battery

15 loan cells for two-dimensional freedom of movement

16 wheel on a cell

17 trackball on a cell

18 level in the electric vehicle on which cells move

19 upper level on the trolley, on which the charged cells are transported

20 cylindrical cell

21 loaded cylindrical cell

22 opening through which the cells leave the electric vehicle

23 handcart as an exchange device for energy cells

24 floor or parking lot

25 electric vehicle

26 lower level of the trolley on which the unloaded cells are transported

27 axis of rotation of the plane 18 in the vehicle

28 front axle of the electric vehicle

29 Rear axle of the electric vehicle

30 containers in the electric vehicle, which receives cells

31 Driving stool of the electric vehicle

32 plane sliding surface of a cell

33 foremost slider in the container of the electric vehicle

34 slider, which separates owner cells from loan cells

35 slide, which presses cells in the electric vehicle

Claims

claims

Claim 1

Energy supply system for mobile-operated technology, in particular means of transport, in particular electric vehicles, with at least one container in which electrical energy cells can be introduced and fixed, and electrical contacts by means of which the energy cells are electrically contacted, characterized by at least one actuatable device by means of which the energy cells so releasable are that they are present as a loose amount and are movable in the container in at least one spatial direction.

Claim 2

Energy supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that the actuatable device includes means for fixing the energy cells, and or for producing electrical connections to the energy cells.

Claim 3

Energy supply system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the container and / or the energy cells contain rolling or sliding devices.

Claim 4

Energy supply system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the container and / or the energy cells contain devices for moving the energy cells.

Claim 5

Energy supply system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the energy cells are loosely mutually propelled by mutual contact, or that the energy cells are movably connected to each other, being movable as a train train.

Claim 6

Power supply system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mobile-operated technology, the replacement device and the Energy cells are designed so that the movement of the energy cells is caused by the acceleration of gravity.

Claim 7

Energy supply system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the energy cells are at least partially formed as a roller or ball.

Claim 8

Method for filling a container with electric energy cells, wherein the energy cells are introduced into the container,

the energy cells are fixed in the container,

the energy cells are contacted electrically,

characterized in that

the energy cells are introduced as a loose amount in the container and are movable in this in at least one spatial direction.

Claim 9

A method for filling a container with energy cells according to claim 9, characterized in that the energy cells are introduced in the form of a partial stream in the container.