WO2010105869A1 - Electrical vehicle having a battery charger - Google Patents

Electrical vehicle having a battery charger Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010105869A1
WO2010105869A1 PCT/EP2010/051086 EP2010051086W WO2010105869A1 WO 2010105869 A1 WO2010105869 A1 WO 2010105869A1 EP 2010051086 W EP2010051086 W EP 2010051086W WO 2010105869 A1 WO2010105869 A1 WO 2010105869A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voltage
generator
internal combustion
combustion engine
battery
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2010/051086
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Stefan Spannhake
Thorsten Raatz
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Publication of WO2010105869A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010105869A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/24—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
    • B60L50/62—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles charged by low-power generators primarily intended to support the batteries, e.g. range extenders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/15—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with additional electric power supply
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/24—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means
    • B60W10/26—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/30—AC to DC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2510/24—Energy storage means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electric vehicle with a battery charger.
  • Electric vehicles especially electric cars, are already known.
  • the battery of the electric vehicle is still a bottleneck for achieving a significant market share. Due to the disadvantages in terms of cost and weight, which is not satisfactorily solved by newly developed batteries with lithium-ion technology can be, the range of battery-powered electric vehicles is still limited compared to gasoline-powered vehicles.
  • range extender is a serial hybrid drive, which in addition to an electric drive and an internal combustion engine and an electric generator The internal combustion engine drives the electric generator as needed to charge the battery of the electric car.
  • This concept makes it possible to dimension the capacity of the battery significantly smaller than is necessary in a purely battery-powered electric vehicle.
  • This has the advantage that the weight and also the cost of the electric car can be kept comparatively low. Furthermore, shorter journeys can be covered purely electrically. This will be local Pollutant emissions completely avoided. Furthermore, comparatively low consumption costs arise for the driver.
  • the generator In order to keep system costs low, the generator must be designed so that it can be electrically connected directly to a battery charger of the electric car.
  • the generator must provide a voltage at the nominal operating point which corresponds to the respective mains voltage with respect to its amplitude and frequency. As a result, an additional pulse inverter can be saved.
  • a motor vehicle which has a traction battery, a traction converter, an electric traction motor, an internal combustion engine and an internal combustion engine driven generator.
  • the traction battery, the traction converter and the electric traction motor are connected in such a way that, in operation, the electric traction motor is driven by the electric energy of the traction battery.
  • the internal combustion engine driven generator can be activated by an identification signal and / or deactivated. After activation of the internal combustion engine drive is started and it is done via a charger charging the traction battery. After deactivation, a shutdown of the internal combustion engine drive of the generator is made.
  • An electric vehicle with the features specified in claim 1 has the advantage over that it requires no additional components, in particular no starter and no additional pulse inverter, to a Start the internal combustion engine of the electric vehicle bring about. This saves space and leads to a cost reduction, since it requires no additional components to start the internal combustion engine.
  • the battery charger is thus a bi-directional device which is used in a first mode to convert an AC voltage provided by an external AC mains to a DC voltage by which the traction battery of the electric vehicle is charged and used in a second mode thereof to convert the DC voltage provided by the traction battery into an AC voltage required by the generator in its engine operation to start the internal combustion engine.
  • FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of an electric vehicle, in which the components of the electric vehicle necessary for understanding the invention are shown.
  • This electric vehicle is an electric car E.
  • This has a traction battery 1, a battery management system 2, a power electronics 3, an electric machine 4, DC consumers 5, a battery charger 6, a generator 7, an internal combustion engine 8 and an AC voltage terminal 9.
  • the AC voltage terminal 9 is connectable to an external AC power supply to charge the traction battery 1.
  • the external AC mains supply either an alternating voltage with a frequency of 50 Hz and aistsamplitdue of 230 V or an alternating voltage with a frequency of 50 Hz and a voltage amplitude of 400 V.
  • AC voltage supplied AC voltage is converted in the battery charger 6 in a DC voltage of, for example, 300 V and then supplied to the traction battery 1 via the power electronics 3, said DC voltage passes through the power electronics unchanged.
  • This charging of the traction battery 1 from the external AC power system takes place during a rest phase of the electric car, for example, overnight.
  • the electric machine 4 by means of which the main drive of the electric car takes place, supplied from the traction battery 1 with energy.
  • the traction battery 1 is taken DC voltage of, for example, 300 V in the power electronics 3, which has a pulse inverter, converted into an AC voltage whose amplitude is 300 volts.
  • This AC voltage is supplied to the electric machine 4.
  • the electric car E in the power electronics 3, which has a DC-DC converter for this purpose from the provided by the traction battery 1 DC voltage of 12 V generated, which is one or more DC loads 5 of the electric car E is supplied.
  • These DC consumers include, for example, control units of the electric car E.
  • charging or recharging of the traction battery 1 can be done using the generator 7 and the internal combustion engine 8.
  • the generator 7, which operates in generator mode is driven by the internal combustion engine 8.
  • the case provided by the generator 7 AC voltage is converted in the battery charger 6 in a DC voltage of, for example, 300 V and supplied to the traction battery 1 via the power electronics 3.
  • the necessity of recharging the traction battery 1 is detected by the battery management system 2 and reported to a control unit of the electric car E, which then controls the recharging of the traction battery 1.
  • the already existing battery charger 6 is used for the duration of the motor operation of the generator 7 for its control.
  • the battery charger 6 must be bidirectional.
  • Such a bidirectional design of the battery charger of an electric car has the further advantage that, if necessary, an external AC voltage network can be supported by the traction battery.
  • Such a bidirectional battery charger converts in one direction an AC voltage provided by an external power supply to a DC voltage by means of which the traction battery of the electric car is charged.
  • the battery charger 6 converts the DC voltage provided by the traction battery 1 into a three-phase AC voltage, so that power can be supplied to an external power grid.
  • DC voltage derived from the traction battery in the battery charger 6 is converted into a three-phase AC voltage, which is then provided to the generator 7 in its motor operation to allow the generator 7 to start the internal combustion engine 8.
  • a single-phase design is feasible.
  • a second phase can be generated by means of a capacitor. This does not create a circular rotating field, but an elliptical rotating field. As a result, the efficiency is reduced, but this is acceptable for the short-term start of the internal combustion engine. Since the internal combustion engine only has to be started when the battery charger is not connected to the external power grid, both functions can be realized by means of a single battery charger, namely charging the battery from an external power grid and driving the generator to start the internal combustion engine. This dual use of the battery charger can save additional costs for components for starting the internal combustion engine.
  • the invention described above can be used in particular in electric cars which use the concept of a "range extender", ie a serial hybrid drive which, in addition to an electric drive, also has an internal combustion engine and an electric generator motor operating generator, said generator from the battery charger, the required AC voltage is supplied and wherein the battery charger generates said AC voltage from the derived from the traction battery DC voltage.
  • a range extender ie a serial hybrid drive which, in addition to an electric drive, also has an internal combustion engine and an electric generator motor operating generator, said generator from the battery charger, the required AC voltage is supplied and wherein the battery charger generates said AC voltage from the derived from the traction battery DC voltage.

Abstract

The invention relates to an electrical vehicle (E) having a traction battery (1), an electrical engine (4), a battery charger (6), an AC voltage connection (9), a generator (7) and an internal combustion engine (8). The internal combustion engine is started by means of the generator (7) operating in motorized operation. The AC voltage required from the generator (7) to start the internal combustion engine (8) is provided by the battery charger (6), which converts a DC voltage diverted from the traction battery (1) into the AC voltage required by the generator (7) to start the internal combustion engine (8).

Description

Beschreibung description
Titeltitle
Elektrofahrzeuq mit einem BatterieladeqerätElectric vehicle with a battery charger
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Elektrofahrzeug mit einem Batterieladegerät.The invention relates to an electric vehicle with a battery charger.
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Elektrofahrzeuge, insbesondere Elektroautos, sind bereits bekannt. Trotz Fortschritten bei der Entwicklung von Energiespeichern für derartige Elektrofahrzeuge stellt die Batterie des Elektrofahrzeugs noch immer einen Engpass für die Erzielung eines signifikanten Marktanteiles dar. Aufgrund der Nachteile bezüglich Kosten und Gewicht, die auch durch neu entwickelte Batterien mit Lithium-Ionen- Technologie nicht zufriedenstellend gelöst werden können, ist die Reichweite von batteriebetriebenen Elektrofahrzeugen im Vergleich zu benzinbetriebenen Fahrzeugen nach wie vor beschränkt.Electric vehicles, especially electric cars, are already known. Despite advances in the development of energy storage for such electric vehicles, the battery of the electric vehicle is still a bottleneck for achieving a significant market share. Due to the disadvantages in terms of cost and weight, which is not satisfactorily solved by newly developed batteries with lithium-ion technology can be, the range of battery-powered electric vehicles is still limited compared to gasoline-powered vehicles.
Um die Vorteile eines elektrischen Antriebsstranges nutzen zu können und gleichzeitig allenfalls geringe Einschränkungen bezüglich der Fahrzeugreichweite in Kauf nehmen zu müssen, wurde das Konzept eines „Range Extenders" entwickelt. Dabei handelt es sich um einen seriellen Hybridantrieb, welcher außer einem elektrischen Antrieb auch eine Verbrennungskraftmaschine und einen elektrischen Generator aufweist. Die Verbrennungskraftmaschine treibt den elektrischen Generator bei Bedarf an, um die Batterie des Elektroautos aufzuladen.In order to exploit the advantages of an electric powertrain and at the same time have to accept at most slight restrictions on the vehicle range, the concept of a "range extender" was developed, which is a serial hybrid drive, which in addition to an electric drive and an internal combustion engine and an electric generator The internal combustion engine drives the electric generator as needed to charge the battery of the electric car.
Dieses Konzept erlaubt es, die Kapazität der Batterie deutlich kleiner zu dimensionieren als es bei einem rein batteriegetriebenen Elektrofahrzeug notwendig ist. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass das Gewicht und auch die Kosten des Elektroautos vergleichsweise niedrig gehalten werden können. Des Weiteren können kürzere Fahrtstrecken rein elektrisch zurückgelegt werden. Dadurch werden lokale Schadstoffemissionen vollständig vermieden. Ferner entstehen vergleichsweise günstige Verbrauchskosten für den Fahrzeugführer.This concept makes it possible to dimension the capacity of the battery significantly smaller than is necessary in a purely battery-powered electric vehicle. This has the advantage that the weight and also the cost of the electric car can be kept comparatively low. Furthermore, shorter journeys can be covered purely electrically. This will be local Pollutant emissions completely avoided. Furthermore, comparatively low consumption costs arise for the driver.
Um die Systemkosten niedrig zu halten muss der Generator derart ausgelegt werden, dass er elektrisch direkt mit einem Batterieladegerät des Elektroautos verbunden werden kann. Der Generator muss im Nennbetriebspunkt eine Spannung bereitstellen, die bezüglich ihrer Amplitude und ihrer Frequenz der jeweiligen Netzspannung entspricht. Dadurch kann ein zusätzlicher Pulswechselrichter eingespart werden.In order to keep system costs low, the generator must be designed so that it can be electrically connected directly to a battery charger of the electric car. The generator must provide a voltage at the nominal operating point which corresponds to the respective mains voltage with respect to its amplitude and frequency. As a result, an additional pulse inverter can be saved.
Zum Starten der Verbrennungskraftmaschine kommt entweder - wie bei herkömmlichen Kraftfahrzeugen - ein Starter zum Einsatz oder der Generator wird für die Zeit des Startvorganges motorisch betrieben. Die erste vorgenannte Alternative ist mit zusätzlichen Kosten für den Starter und dessen Integration in das Gesamtsystem verbunden. Die zweite vorgenannte Alternative erfordert den Einbau eines zusätzlichen Pulswechselrichters, welcher für die Funktion des Generators bei diesem Konzept ansonsten nicht notwendig wäre.To start the internal combustion engine either - as in conventional motor vehicles - a starter is used or the generator is operated by a motor for the time of starting. The first alternative mentioned above involves additional costs for the starter and its integration into the overall system. The second aforementioned alternative requires the installation of an additional pulse inverter, which otherwise would not be necessary for the function of the generator in this concept.
Aus der DE 10 2007 004 172 A1 ist ein Kraftfahrzeug bekannt, welches eine Traktionsbatterie, einen Traktionsumrichter, einen elektrischen Fahrmotor, einen Verbrennungsmotor und einen verbrennungsmotorisch angetriebenen Generator aufweist. Die Traktionsbatterie, der Traktionsumrichter und der elektrische Fahrmotor sind derart verschaltet, dass im Betrieb der elektrische Fahrmotor mit der elektrischen Energie der Traktionsbatterie angetrieben wird. Im abgestellten Zustand des Kraftfahrzeugs ist der verbrennungsmotorisch angetriebene Generator durch ein Kennsignal aktivierbar und/oder deaktivierbar. Nach einer Aktivierung wird der verbrennungsmotorische Antrieb gestartet und es erfolgt über ein Ladegerät eine Aufladung der Traktionsbatterie. Nach einer Deaktivierung wird eine Abschaltung des verbrennungsmotorischen Antriebs des Generators vorgenommen.From DE 10 2007 004 172 A1 a motor vehicle is known, which has a traction battery, a traction converter, an electric traction motor, an internal combustion engine and an internal combustion engine driven generator. The traction battery, the traction converter and the electric traction motor are connected in such a way that, in operation, the electric traction motor is driven by the electric energy of the traction battery. In the parked state of the motor vehicle of the internal combustion engine driven generator can be activated by an identification signal and / or deactivated. After activation of the internal combustion engine drive is started and it is done via a charger charging the traction battery. After deactivation, a shutdown of the internal combustion engine drive of the generator is made.
Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention
Ein Elektrofahrzeug mit den im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Merkmalen weist demgegenüber den Vorteil auf, dass es keiner zusätzlichen Bauteile, insbesondere keines Starters und keines zusätzlichen Pulswechselrichters, bedarf, um ein Starten der Verbrennungskraftmaschine des Elektrofahrzeugs herbeizuführen. Dies spart Platz und führt zu einer Kostenreduktion, da es keiner zusätzlichen Bauteile zum Starten der Verbrennungskraftmaschine bedarf. Erzielt werden diese Vorteile im Wesentlichen dadurch, dass das ohnehin vorhandene Batterieladegerät für die Dauer des motorischen Betriebes des Generators für die Ansteuerung der Verbrennungskraftmaschine verwendet wird, um diese zu starten. Mittels des Batterieladegerätes wird im motorischen Betrieb des Generators aus der Batteriespannung eine Wechselspannung erzeugt, mit welcher der motorische Betrieb des Generators möglich ist, um den Verbrennungsmotor zu starten. Dazu wird die Gleichspannung der Batterie im Batterieladegerät in eine dreiphasige Wechselspannung umgewandelt und dem Generator zur Verfügung gestellt. Bei dem Batterieladegerät handelt es sich folglich um ein bidirektionales Gerät, welches in einer ersten Betriebsart dazu verwendet wird, eine von einem externen Wechselstromnetz bereitgestellte Wechselspannung in eine Gleichspannung umzuwandeln, mittels welcher die Traktionsbatterie des Elektrofahrzeugs geladen wird, und in einer zweiten Betriebsart dazu verwendet wird, die von der Traktionsbatterie bereitgestellte Gleichspannung in eine Wechselspannung umzuwandeln, die vom Generator in dessen motorischem Betrieb zum Starten der Verbrennungskraftmaschine benötigt wird.An electric vehicle with the features specified in claim 1 has the advantage over that it requires no additional components, in particular no starter and no additional pulse inverter, to a Start the internal combustion engine of the electric vehicle bring about. This saves space and leads to a cost reduction, since it requires no additional components to start the internal combustion engine. These advantages are achieved essentially by the fact that the already existing battery charger is used for the duration of the engine operation of the generator for the control of the internal combustion engine to start them. By means of the battery charger, an alternating voltage is generated in the motor operation of the generator from the battery voltage, with which the motor operation of the generator is possible to start the engine. For this purpose, the DC voltage of the battery in the battery charger is converted into a three-phase AC voltage and made available to the generator. The battery charger is thus a bi-directional device which is used in a first mode to convert an AC voltage provided by an external AC mains to a DC voltage by which the traction battery of the electric vehicle is charged and used in a second mode thereof to convert the DC voltage provided by the traction battery into an AC voltage required by the generator in its engine operation to start the internal combustion engine.
Nachfolgend wird ein Ausführungsbeispiel für die Erfindung anhand der Zeichnung erläutert.Hereinafter, an embodiment of the invention will be explained with reference to the drawing.
Die Figur 1 zeigt eine Blockdarstellung eines Elektrofahrzeugs, in welcher die zum Verständnis der Erfindung notwendigen Komponenten des Elektrofahrzeugs dargestellt sind. Bei diesem Elektrofahrzeug handelt es sich um ein Elektroauto E. Dieses weist eine Traktionsbatterie 1 , ein Batteriemanagementsystem 2, eine Leistungselektronik 3, eine elektrische Maschine 4, Gleichstromverbraucher 5, ein Batterieladegerät 6, einen Generator 7, eine Verbrennungskraftmaschine 8 und einen Wechselspannungsanschluss 9 auf.1 shows a block diagram of an electric vehicle, in which the components of the electric vehicle necessary for understanding the invention are shown. This electric vehicle is an electric car E. This has a traction battery 1, a battery management system 2, a power electronics 3, an electric machine 4, DC consumers 5, a battery charger 6, a generator 7, an internal combustion engine 8 and an AC voltage terminal 9.
Der Wechselspannungsanschluss 9 ist an ein externes Wechselstromnetz anschließbar, um die Traktionsbatterie 1 aufzuladen. Das externe Wechselstromnetz liefert entweder eine Wechselspannung mit einer Frequenz von 50 Hz und einer Spannungsamplitdue von 230 V oder eine Wechselspannung mit einer Frequenz von 50 Hz und einer Spannungsamplitude von 400 V. Die vom exter- - A -The AC voltage terminal 9 is connectable to an external AC power supply to charge the traction battery 1. The external AC mains supply either an alternating voltage with a frequency of 50 Hz and a Spannungsamplitdue of 230 V or an alternating voltage with a frequency of 50 Hz and a voltage amplitude of 400 V. The exter- - A -
nen Wechselstromnetz gelieferte Wechselspannung wird im Batterieladegerät 6 in eine Gleichspannung von beispielsweise 300 V umgesetzt und dann der Traktionsbatterie 1 über die Leistungselektronik 3 zugeführt, wobei die genannte Gleichspannung die Leistungselektronik unverändert durchläuft. Dieses Aufladen der Traktionsbatterie 1 aus dem externen Wechselstromnetz erfolgt während einer Ruhephase des Elektroautos, beispielsweise über Nacht.AC voltage supplied AC voltage is converted in the battery charger 6 in a DC voltage of, for example, 300 V and then supplied to the traction battery 1 via the power electronics 3, said DC voltage passes through the power electronics unchanged. This charging of the traction battery 1 from the external AC power system takes place during a rest phase of the electric car, for example, overnight.
Während des Fahrbetriebes des Elektroautos E wird die elektrische Maschine 4, mittels welcher der Hauptantrieb des Elektroautos erfolgt, aus der Traktionsbatterie 1 mit Energie versorgt. Zu diesem Zweck wird der Traktionsbatterie 1 entnommene Gleichspannung von beispielsweise 300 V in der Leistungselektronik 3, die einen Pulswechselrichter aufweist, in eine Wechselspannung umgewandelt, deren Amplitude 300 V beträgt. Diese Wechselspannung wird der elektrischen Maschine 4 zugeführt. Des Weiteren wird im Fahrbetrieb des Elektroautos E in der Leistungselektronik 3, welche zu diesem Zweck einen Gleichspannungswandler aufweist, aus der von der Traktionsbatterie 1 bereitgestellten Gleichspannung eine Gleichspannung von 12 V erzeugt, die einem oder mehreren Gleichstromverbrauchern 5 des Elektroautos E zugeführt wird. Zu diesen Gleichstromverbrauchern gehören beispielsweise Steuergeräte des Elektroautos E.During the driving operation of the electric car E, the electric machine 4, by means of which the main drive of the electric car takes place, supplied from the traction battery 1 with energy. For this purpose, the traction battery 1 is taken DC voltage of, for example, 300 V in the power electronics 3, which has a pulse inverter, converted into an AC voltage whose amplitude is 300 volts. This AC voltage is supplied to the electric machine 4. Furthermore, when driving the electric car E in the power electronics 3, which has a DC-DC converter for this purpose, from the provided by the traction battery 1 DC voltage of 12 V generated, which is one or more DC loads 5 of the electric car E is supplied. These DC consumers include, for example, control units of the electric car E.
In Standzeiten des Fahrzeugs, in denen kein externes Wechselstromnetz zur Verfügung steht, aber dennoch eine Nachladung bzw. Aufladung der Traktionsbatterie 1 erforderlich ist, kann ein Auf- bzw. Nachladen der Traktionsbatterie 1 unter Verwendung des Generators 7 und der Verbrennungskraftmaschine 8 erfolgen. Während dieses Auf- bzw. Nachladens der Traktionsbatterie 1 wird der Generator 7, der im generatorischen Betrieb arbeitet, von der Verbrennungskraftmaschine 8 angetrieben. Die dabei vom Generator 7 bereitgestellte Wechselspannung wird im Batterieladegerät 6 in eine Gleichspannung von beispielsweise 300 V umgewandelt und der Traktionsbatterie 1 über die Leistungselektronik 3 zugeführt. Die Notwendigkeit des Nachladens der Traktionsbatterie 1 wird dabei vom Batteriemanagementsystem 2 detektiert und an ein Steuergerät des Elektroautos E gemeldet, welches dann die Nachladung der Traktionsbatterie 1 steuert. Zum Starten der Verbrennungskraftmaschine 8 wird Energie aus der Traktionsbatterie 1 zur Verfügung gestellt. Dabei wird die von der Traktionsbatterie 1 abgeleitete Gleichspannung von 300 V über die Leistungselektronik 3 dem Batterieladegerät 6 zugeführt und in diesem in eine Wechselspannung umgewandelt. Diese vom Batterieladegerät 6 bereitgestellte Wechselspannung wird dem Generator 7 zugeführt, der im motorischen Betrieb arbeitet, um die Verbrennungskraftmaschine 8 zu starten.In service life of the vehicle, in which no external AC power is available, but a recharge or charging of the traction battery 1 is required, charging or recharging of the traction battery 1 can be done using the generator 7 and the internal combustion engine 8. During this charging or recharging of the traction battery 1, the generator 7, which operates in generator mode, is driven by the internal combustion engine 8. The case provided by the generator 7 AC voltage is converted in the battery charger 6 in a DC voltage of, for example, 300 V and supplied to the traction battery 1 via the power electronics 3. The necessity of recharging the traction battery 1 is detected by the battery management system 2 and reported to a control unit of the electric car E, which then controls the recharging of the traction battery 1. To start the internal combustion engine 8 energy from the traction battery 1 is provided. The derived from the traction battery 1 DC voltage of 300 V via the power electronics 3 is supplied to the battery charger 6 and converted into this in an AC voltage. This AC voltage provided by the battery charger 6 is supplied to the generator 7, which operates in the engine mode to start the internal combustion engine 8.
Zu diesem Starten wird folglich kein gesonderter Starter und auch kein gesonderter Pulswechselrichter benötigt. Statt dessen wird das ohnehin vorhandene Batterieladegerät 6 für die Dauer des motorischen Betriebes des Generators 7 zu dessen Ansteuerung genutzt. Dazu muss das Batterieladegerät 6 bidirektional ausgeführt sein. Eine derartige bidirektionale Ausführung des Batterieladegerätes eines Elektroautos hat den weiteren Vorteil, dass bei Bedarf ein externes Wechselspannungsnetz durch die Traktionsbatterie gestützt werden kann.Consequently, no separate starter and no separate pulse inverter is required for this starting. Instead, the already existing battery charger 6 is used for the duration of the motor operation of the generator 7 for its control. For this purpose, the battery charger 6 must be bidirectional. Such a bidirectional design of the battery charger of an electric car has the further advantage that, if necessary, an external AC voltage network can be supported by the traction battery.
Ein derartiges bidirektionales Batterieladegerät wandelt in einer Richtung eine von einem externen Stromnetz zur Verfügung gestellte Wechselspannung in eine Gleichspannung um, mittels welcher die Traktionsbatterie des Elektroautos geladen wird.Such a bidirectional battery charger converts in one direction an AC voltage provided by an external power supply to a DC voltage by means of which the traction battery of the electric car is charged.
In der anderen Richtung wandelt das Batterieladegerät 6 die von der Traktionsbatterie 1 bereitgestellte Gleichspannung in eine dreiphasige Wechselspannung um, so dass Energie in ein externes Stromnetz eingespeist werden kann. Um die Verbrennungskraftmaschine zu starten, wird aus der Traktionsbatterie abgeleitete Gleichspannung im Batterieladegerät 6 in eine dreiphasige Wechselspannung umgewandelt, die dann dem Generator 7 in dessen motorischem Betrieb bereitgestellt wird, um dem Generator 7 ein Starten der Verbrennungskraftmaschine 8 zu ermöglichen.In the other direction, the battery charger 6 converts the DC voltage provided by the traction battery 1 into a three-phase AC voltage, so that power can be supplied to an external power grid. To start the internal combustion engine, DC voltage derived from the traction battery in the battery charger 6 is converted into a three-phase AC voltage, which is then provided to the generator 7 in its motor operation to allow the generator 7 to start the internal combustion engine 8.
Alternativ dazu ist auch eine einphasige Ausführung realisierbar. Um aus der einphasigen Ausgangsspannung des Batterieladegerätes ein Drehfeld für den Generator zu erzeugen, kann mit Hilfe eines Kondensators eine zweite Phase erzeugt werden. Hierdurch entsteht kein kreisrundes Drehfeld, sondern ein elliptisches Drehfeld. Dadurch wird der Wirkungsgrad verringert, was aber für den kurzzeitigen Start der Verbrennungskraftmaschine akzeptabel ist. Da die Verbrennungskraftmaschine nur dann gestartet werden muss, wenn das Batterieladegerät nicht mit dem externen Stromnetz verbunden ist, lassen sich mittels eines einzigen Batterieladegerätes beide Funktionen realisieren, nämlich das Laden der Batterie aus einem externen Stromnetz und eine Ansteuerung des Generators zum Starten der Verbrennungskraftmaschine. Durch diese Doppelnutzung des Batterieladegerätes können zusätzliche Kosten für Komponenten zum Starten der Verbrennungskraftmaschine eingespart werden.Alternatively, a single-phase design is feasible. To generate a rotating field for the generator from the single-phase output voltage of the battery charger, a second phase can be generated by means of a capacitor. This does not create a circular rotating field, but an elliptical rotating field. As a result, the efficiency is reduced, but this is acceptable for the short-term start of the internal combustion engine. Since the internal combustion engine only has to be started when the battery charger is not connected to the external power grid, both functions can be realized by means of a single battery charger, namely charging the battery from an external power grid and driving the generator to start the internal combustion engine. This dual use of the battery charger can save additional costs for components for starting the internal combustion engine.
Die vorstehend beschriebene Erfindung kann insbesondere bei Elektroautos zum Einsatz kommen, die das Konzept eines „Range Extenders" verwenden, d. h. einen seriellen Hybridantrieb, welcher außer einem elektrischen Antrieb auch eine Verbrennungskraftmaschine und einen elektrischen Generator aufweist. Das Starten der Verbrennungskraftmaschine erfolgt unter Verwendung des im motorischen Betrieb arbeitenden Generators, wobei diesem Generator vom Batterieladegerät die benötigte Wechselspannung zugeführt wird und wobei das Batterieladegerät die genannte Wechselspannung aus der von der Traktionsbatterie abgeleiteten Gleichspannung erzeugt. The invention described above can be used in particular in electric cars which use the concept of a "range extender", ie a serial hybrid drive which, in addition to an electric drive, also has an internal combustion engine and an electric generator motor operating generator, said generator from the battery charger, the required AC voltage is supplied and wherein the battery charger generates said AC voltage from the derived from the traction battery DC voltage.

Claims

Ansprüche claims
1. Elektrofahrzeug, welche eine Traktionsbatterie, eine elektrische Maschine, ein Batterieladegerät, einen Wechselspannungsanschluss, einen Generator und eine Verbrennungskraftmaschine aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Starten der Verbrennungskraftmaschine (8) mittels des im motorischen Betrieb arbeitenden Generators (7) erfolgt und die vom Generator (7) zum Starten der Verbrennungskraftmaschine (8) benötige Wechselspannung vom Batterieladegerät (6) bereitgestellt wird, welches eine von der Traktionsbatterie (1 ) abgeleitete Gleichspannung in die vom Generator (7) zum Starten der Verbrennungskraftmaschine (8) benötige Wechselspannung umsetzt.An electric vehicle which has a traction battery, an electric machine, a battery charger, an AC voltage connection, a generator and an internal combustion engine, characterized in that starting of the internal combustion engine (8) by means of operating in motor operation generator (7) and the from Generator (7) for starting the internal combustion engine (8) required AC voltage from the battery charger (6) is provided, which converts one of the traction battery (1) derived DC voltage in the from the generator (7) for starting the internal combustion engine (8) required AC voltage.
2. Elektrofahrzeug nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Batterieladegerät (6) zwei Betriebsarten aufweist, wobei es in der ersten Betriebsart eine von einem externen Wechselstromnetz über den Wechselspannungsanschluss (9) bezogene Wechselspannung in eine zum Laden der Traktionsbatterie (1 ) vorgesehene Gleichspannung umsetzt und in der zweiten Betriebsart eine von der Traktionsbatterie (1 ) abgeleitete Gleichspannung in die vom Generator (7) zum Starten der Verbrennungskraftmaschine (8) benötigte Wechselspannung umsetzt. 2. Electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the battery charger (6) has two operating modes, wherein in the first mode one of an external AC power via the AC voltage terminal (9) related AC voltage in a for charging the traction battery (1) provided DC voltage converts and converted in the second mode from the traction battery (1) derived DC voltage from the generator (7) to start the internal combustion engine (8) required AC voltage.
PCT/EP2010/051086 2009-03-20 2010-01-29 Electrical vehicle having a battery charger WO2010105869A1 (en)

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