WO2010097573A1 - Treatment fluids comprising relative permeability modifiers and methods of use - Google Patents
Treatment fluids comprising relative permeability modifiers and methods of use Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010097573A1 WO2010097573A1 PCT/GB2010/000314 GB2010000314W WO2010097573A1 WO 2010097573 A1 WO2010097573 A1 WO 2010097573A1 GB 2010000314 W GB2010000314 W GB 2010000314W WO 2010097573 A1 WO2010097573 A1 WO 2010097573A1
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- treatment fluid
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- filter cake
- acid
- relative permeability
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/52—Compositions for preventing, limiting or eliminating depositions, e.g. for cleaning
- C09K8/536—Compositions for preventing, limiting or eliminating depositions, e.g. for cleaning characterised by their form or by the form of their components, e.g. encapsulated material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/50—Compositions for plastering borehole walls, i.e. compositions for temporary consolidation of borehole walls
- C09K8/516—Compositions for plastering borehole walls, i.e. compositions for temporary consolidation of borehole walls characterised by their form or by the form of their components, e.g. encapsulated material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/62—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures
- C09K8/70—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures characterised by their form or by the form of their components, e.g. foams
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/62—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures
- C09K8/70—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures characterised by their form or by the form of their components, e.g. foams
- C09K8/706—Encapsulated breakers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/80—Compositions for reinforcing fractures, e.g. compositions of proppants used to keep the fractures open
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2208/00—Aspects relating to compositions of drilling or well treatment fluids
- C09K2208/24—Bacteria or enzyme containing gel breakers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2208/00—Aspects relating to compositions of drilling or well treatment fluids
- C09K2208/26—Gel breakers other than bacteria or enzymes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to fluids useful for subterranean operations, and more particularly, to novel treatment fluids and methods for the removal of filter cake in subterranean formations.
- drilling fluids When well bores are drilled into subterranean formations, drilling fluids are used which will minimize damage to the permeability of the formations and their ability to produce hydrocarbons.
- servicing fluids may be used when completion operations are conducted in producing formations or when conducting work-over operations in the formations.
- the drilling and servicing fluids may deposit a layer of particles known as "filter cake" on the walls of the well bores within the producing formations.
- the filter cake may prevent the drilling and servicing fluids from being lost into the formations and/or limit drill solids from entering the porosities of the producing formations.
- drill-in fluids may be used to drill such well bores, among other reasons, to minimize the damage to the permeability of the producing zones or formations.
- the drill-in fluid may form a filter cake on the walls of the well bore, which may prevent or reduce fluid loss during drilling, and upon completion of the drilling, may stabilize the well bore during subsequent completion operations such as placing a gravel pack in the well bore.
- the filter cake remaining on the walls of the well bore must be removed. This can be accomplished, among other ways, by contacting the filter cake with an aqueous acid solution.
- an aqueous acid solution may be hazardous to personnel or may cause corrosion on surfaces and/or equipment in the well bore.
- the aqueous acid solution may react rapidly at the initial point of contact with the well bore to create a fluid loss zone into which the rest of the acid is lost, leaving much of the filter cake untreated and in place.
- acid generating compounds have been employed for filter cake removal in place of aqueous acid solutions. Acid generating compounds produce acid over time and thus may be less hazardous to personnel. Because of this time-dependent release of acid, these compounds also may be able to flow further into the well bore as they react with the filter cake or completely across the interval of interest, removing a larger amount of the filter cake and reducing the creation of fluid loss zones.
- Such treatments with acid generating compounds may be performed independent of other processes, or they may be performed during a completion operation, such as the installation of a sand screen and/or gravel pack.
- the inclusion of these compounds in fluids for completion operations may provide a more time- and cost-effective well completion procedure.
- the break may not be accomplished at the planned time.
- the inclusion of these compounds in completion fluids could then result in premature removal of portions of the filter cake, which may result in a loss of the completion fluid into the surrounding portions of the subterranean formation.
- Treatments with these compounds also may require a substantial amount of testing in order to determine the proper amount of such compounds to most effectively produce the desired time-dependent filter cake removal.
- the present invention relates to fluids useful for subterranean operations, and more particularly, to novel treatment fluids and methods for the removal of filter cake in subterranean formations.
- a method comprising providing a treatment fluid comprising a relative permeability modifier, a delayed filter cake breaker, and a carrier fluid, contacting at least a portion of a filter cake in a subterranean formation with the treatment fluid, and removing at least a portion of the filter cake, hi an embodiment, the treatment fluid further comprises a plurality of particulates, and the method further comprises: depositing at least a portion of the plurality of particulates in a portion of the subterranean formation to form a gravel pack while removing at least a portion of a filter cake contained in a portion of the subterranean formation.
- a method comprising providing a treatment fluid comprising a relative permeability modifier, a delayed filter cake breaker, a plurality of particulates, and a carrier fluid, contacting a portion of a subterranean formation with the treatment fluid, and depositing at least a portion of the plurality of particulates in a portion of the subterranean formation to form a gravel pack while removing at least a portion of a filter cake contained in a portion of the subterranean formation.
- a treatment fluid comprising a relative permeability modifier, a delayed filter cake breaker, and a carrier fluid.
- the treatment fluid further comprises a plurality of particulates.
- the treatment fluid may be used in the methods of the present invention.
- the present invention relates to fluids useful for subterranean operations, and more particularly, to novel treatment fluids and methods for the removal of filter cake in subterranean formations.
- the treatment fluids of the present invention generally comprise a relative permeability modifier, a delayed filter cake breaker, and a carrier fluid.
- relative permeability modifier refers to any material capable of at least partially reducing the permeability of a subterranean formation to aqueous fluids without substantially reducing the permeability of the subterranean formation to hydrocarbons.
- delayed filter cake breaker refers to any material or composition capable of removing at least a portion of the filter cake in a well bore after a desired length of time.
- the treatment fluids and methods of the present invention may be used to remove filter cakes during or after a completion operation in such a way that, among other things, may reduce or prevent unwanted loss of fluid into the formation and/or facilitate more even or complete removal of the filter cake from the formation and well bore. Additionally, the treatment fluids and methods of the present invention may allow for high concentrations of delayed filter cake breaker to be used. The treatment fluids and method of the present invention may also reduce the substantial amount of testing that may be associated with the use of conventional treatment fluids comprising delayed filter cake breakers
- the carrier fluid of the treatment fluids of the present invention may be any fluid comprising an aqueous component.
- Suitable aqueous components may include, but are not limited to, freshwater, saltwater, brine ⁇ e.g., saturated or unsaturated saltwater), or seawater.
- the aqueous component may be from any source, provided that it does not contain components that may adversely affect other components in the treatment fluid.
- Suitable carrier fluids may be aqueous fluids, emulsions, or foams.
- suitable carrier fluids for use in the treatment fluids and methods of the present invention.
- the relative permeability modifiers useful in the present invention may comprise any relative permeability modifier that is suitable for use in subterranean operations. After introducing the relative permeability modifier into a portion of the subterranean formation, it is believed that it attaches to surfaces within the porosity of the subterranean formation, so as to reduce the permeability of the portion of the subterranean formation to aqueous fluids without substantially changing its permeability to hydrocarbons.
- suitable relative permeability modifiers include water-soluble polymers with or without hydrophobic or hydrophilic modification. As used herein, "water-soluble" refers to at least 0.01 weight percent soluble in distilled water.
- a water-soluble polymer with hydrophobic modification is referred to herein as a "hydrophobically modified polymer.”
- hydrophobic modification or “hydrophobically modified” refers to the incorporation into the hydrophilic polymer structure of hydrophobic groups, wherein the alkyl chain length is from about 4 to about 22 carbons.
- a water-soluble polymer with hydrophilic modification is referred to herein as a “hydrophilically modified polymer.”
- the term “hydrophilic modification,” or “hydrophilically modified” refers to the incorporation into the hydrophilic polymer structure of hydrophilic groups, such as to introduce branching or to increase the degree of branching in the hydrophilic polymer.
- hydrophobically modified polymers include hydrophobic or hydrophilic modification
- water-soluble polymers without hydrophobic or hydrophilic modification
- the hydrophobically modified polymers useful in the present invention typically have molecular weights in the range of from about 100,000 to about 10,000,000. While these hydrophobically modified polymers have hydrophobic groups incorporated into the hydrophilic polymer structure, they should remain water-soluble.
- a mole ratio of a hydrophilic monomer to the hydrophobic compound in the hydrophobically modified polymer is in the range of from about 99.98:0.02 to about 90:10, wherein the hydrophilic monomer is a calculated amount present in the hydrophilic polymer.
- the hydrophobically modified polymers may comprise a polymer backbone, the polymer backbone comprising polar heteroatoms.
- the polar heteroatoms present within the polymer backbone of the hydrophobically modified polymers may include, but are not limited to, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, or phosphorous.
- the hydrophobically modified polymers may be synthesized using any suitable method, hi one example, the hydrophobically modified polymers may be a reaction product of a hydrophilic polymer and a hydrophobic compound. In another example, the hydrophobically modified polymers may be prepared from a polymerization reaction comprising a hydrophilic monomer and a hydrophobically modified hydrophilic monomer. Those of ordinary skill in the art, with the benefit of this disclosure, will be able to determine other suitable methods for the synthesis of suitable hydrophobically modified polymers.
- suitable hydrophobically modified polymers may be synthesized by the hydrophobic modification of a hydrophilic polymer.
- the hydrophilic polymers suitable for forming hydrophobically modified polymers of the present invention should be capable of reacting with hydrophobic compounds.
- Suitable hydrophilic polymers may include, but are not limited to, homo- co-, or terpolymers of polyacrylamides, polyvinylamines, poly(vinylamines/vinyl alcohols), alkyl acrylate polymers in general, and derivatives thereof.
- derivative includes any compound that is made from one of the listed compounds, for example, by replacing one atom in the listed compound with another atom or group of atoms, rearranging two or more atoms in the listed compound, ionizing one of the listed compounds, or creating a salt of one of the listed compounds.
- derivative also includes copolymers, terpolymers, and oligomers of the listed compound.
- alkyl acrylate polymers include, but are not limited to, polydimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, polydimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide, poly(acrylamide/dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate), poly(methacrylic acid/dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate), poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid/dimemylaminoethyl methacrylate), poly(acrylamide/dmethylaminopropyl methacrylamide), poly (acrylic acid/dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide), and poly(methacrylic acid/dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide).
- the hydrophilic polymers comprise a polymer backbone and reactive amino groups in the polymer backbone or as pendant groups, the reactive amino groups capable of reacting with hydrophobic compounds.
- the hydrophilic polymers may comprise dialkyl amino pendant groups.
- the hydrophilic polymers may comprise a dimethyl amino pendant group and a monomer comprising dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate or dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide.
- the hydrophilic polymers may comprise a polymer backbone, the polymer backbone comprising polar heteroatoms, wherein the polar heteroatoms present within the polymer backbone of the hydrophilic polymers include, but are not limited to, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, or phosphorous.
- Suitable hydrophilic polymers that comprise polar heteroatoms within the polymer backbone may include, but are not limited to, homo-, co-, or terpolymers of ascelluloses, chitosans, polyamides, polyetheramines, polyethyleneimines, polyhydroxyetheramines, polylysines, polysulfones, gums, starches, and derivatives thereof, hi one embodiment, the starch may be a cationic starch.
- a suitable cationic starch may be formed by reacting a starch, such as corn, maize, waxy maize, potato, and/or tapioca with the reaction product of epichlorohydrin and trialkylamine.
- the hydrophobic compounds that are capable of reacting with hydrophilic polymers to generate relative permeability modifiers useful in the present invention may include, but are not limited to, alkyl halides, sulfonates, sulfates, organic acids, and derivatives thereof.
- suitable organic acids and derivatives thereof include, but are not limited to, octenyl succinic acid; dodecenyl succinic acid; and anhydrides, esters, imides, and amides of octenyl succinic acid or dodecenyl succinic acid.
- the hydrophobic compounds may have an alkyl chain length of from about 4 to about 22 carbons.
- the hydrophobic compounds may have an alkyl chain length of from about 7 to about 22 carbons. In another embodiment, the hydrophobic compounds may have an alkyl chain length of from about 12 to about 18 carbons.
- the reaction between the hydrophobic compound and hydrophilic polymer may result in the quate ⁇ zation of at least some of the hydrophilic polymer amino groups with an alkyl halide, wherein the alkyl chain length is from about 4 to about 22 carbons.
- suitable hydrophobically modified polymers also may be prepared from a polymerization reaction comprising a hydrophilic monomer and a hydrophobically modified hydrophilic monomer. Examples of suitable methods of then- preparation are described in U.S. Patent Number 6,476,169, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
- the hydrophobically modified polymers synthesized from the polymerization reactions may have estimated molecular weights in the range of from about 100,000 to about 10,000,000 and mole ratios of the hydrophilic monomer(s) to the hydrophobically modified hydrophilic monomer(s) in the range of from about 99.98:0.02 to about 90:10.
- hydrophilic monomers may be used to form the hydrophobically modified polymers useful in the present invention.
- suitable hydrophilic monomers include, but are not limited to acrylamide, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid, N,N- dimethylacrylamide, vinyl pyrrolidone, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, acrylic acid, dimethylaminopropyhnethacrylamide, vinyl amine, vinyl acetate, trimethylammoniumethyl methacrylate chloride, methacrylamide, hydroxyethyl acrylate, vinyl sulfonic acid, vinyl phosphonic acid, methacrylic acid, vinyl caprolactam, N-vinylformamide, N,N-diallylacetamide, dimethyldiallyl ammonium halide, itaconic acid, styrene sulfonic acid, methacrylamidoethyltrimethyl ammonium halide, quaternary salt derivatives of acrylamide,
- hydrophobically modified hydrophilic monomers also may be used to form the hydrophobically modified polymers useful in the present invention.
- suitable hydrophobically modified hydrophilic monomers include, but are not limited to, alkyl acrylates, alkyl methacrylates, alkyl acrylamides, alkyl methacrylamides alkyl dimethylammoniumethyl methacrylate halides, alkyl dimethylammoniumpropyl methacrylamide halides, and derivatives thereof, wherein the alkyl groups have from about 4 to about 22 carbon atoms, hi certain embodiments, the alkyl groups may have from about 7 to about 22 carbons.
- the alkyl groups may have from about 12 to about 18 carbons
- the hydrophobically modified hydrophilic monomer may comprise octadecyldimethylammoniumethyl methacrylate bromide, hexadecyldimethylammoniumethyl methacrylate bromide, hexadecyldimethylammoniumpropyl methacrylamide bromide, 2- ethylhexyl methacrylate, hexadecyl methacrylamide, and derivatives thereof.
- Suitable hydrophobically modified polymers that may be formed from the above-described reactions may include, but are not limited to, an acrylamide/octadecyldimethylammoniumethyl methacrylate bromide copolymer, a dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate/vinyl pyrrolidone/hexadecyldimethylammoniumethyl methacrylate bromide terpolymer, an acrylamide/2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid/2-ethylhexyl methacrylate terpolymer, and derivatives thereof.
- Another suitable hydrophobically modified polymer formed from the above-described reaction may be an amino methacrylate/alkyl amino methacrylate copolymer.
- a suitable dimethlyaminoethyl methacrylate/alkyl-dimethylammoniumethyl methacrylate copolymer may be a dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate/hexadecyl-dimethylammoniumethyl methacrylate copolymer.
- these copolymers may be formed by reactions with a variety of alkyl halides.
- the hydrophobically modified polymer may be a dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate/hexadecyl-dimethylammoniumethyl methacrylate bromide copolymer.
- the relative permeability modifier may comprise a water-soluble hydrophilically modified polymer.
- the hydrophilically modified polymers of the present invention typically have molecular weights in the range of from about 100,000 to about 10,000,000.
- the hydrophilically modified polymers comprise a polymer backbone, the polymer backbone comprising polar heteroatoms.
- the polar heteroatoms present within the polymer backbone of the hydrophilically modified polymers may include, but are not limited to, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, or phosphorous.
- the hydrophilically modified polymers may be synthesized using any suitable method.
- the hydrophilically modified polymers may be a reaction product of a hydrophilic polymer and a hydrophilic compound.
- suitable hydrophilically modified polymers may be formed by additional hydrophilic modification, for example, to introduce branching or to increase the degree of branching of a hydrophilic polymer.
- the polymers suitable for forming the hydrophilically modified polymers used in the present invention should be capable of reacting with hydrophilic compounds.
- suitable polymers include, homo-, CO-, or terpolymers, such as, but not limited to, polyacrylamides, polyvinylamines, poly(vinylamines/vinyl alcohols), and alkyl acrylate polymers in general.
- alkyl acrylate polymers examples include, but are not limited to, polydimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, polydimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide, poly(acrylamide/dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate), poly(methacrylic acid/dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate), poly(2-acrylamido-2- methyl propane sulfonic acid/dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate), poly(acrylamide/dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide), poly (acrylic acid/dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide), poly(methacrylic acid/dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide), and derivatives thereof.
- the polymers may comprise a polymer backbone and reactive amino groups in the polymer backbone or as pendant groups, the reactive ammo groups capable of reacting with hydrophilic compounds, hi some embodiments, the polymers may comprise dialkyl amino pendant groups. In some embodiments, the polymers comprise a dimethyl amino pendant group and at least one monomer comprising dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate or dimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide. In other embodiments, the polymers may comprise a polymer backbone comprising polar heteroatoms, wherein the polar heteroatoms present within the polymer backbone of the polymers may include, but are not limited to, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, or phosphorous.
- Suitable polymers that comprise polar heteroatoms within the polymer backbone may include homo-, co-, or terpolymers, such as, but not limited to, celluloses, chitosans, polyamides, polyetheramines, polyethyleneimines, polyhydroxyetheramines, polylysines, polysulfones, gums, starches, and derivatives thereof.
- the starch is a cationic starch.
- a suitable cationic starch may be formed by reacting a starch, such as corn, maize, waxy maize, potato, tapioca, and the like, with the reaction product of epichlorohydrin and trialkylamine.
- the hydrophilic compounds suitable for reaction with the polymers may include polyethers that comprise halogens, sulfonates, sulfates, organic acids, and derivatives thereof.
- suitable polyethers include, but are not limited to, polyethylene oxides, polypropylene oxides, and polybutylene oxides, and copolymers, terpolymers, and mixtures thereof.
- the polyether may comprise an epichlorohydrin-terminated polyethylene oxide methyl ether.
- the hydrophilically modified polymers formed from the reaction of a polymer with a hydrophilic compound may have estimated molecular weights in the range of from about 100,000 to about 10,000,000 and may have weight ratios of the hydrophilic polymers to the polyethers in the range of from about 1:1 to about 10:1.
- Suitable hydrophilically modified polymers having molecular weights and weight ratios in the ranges set forth above may include, but are not limited to, the reaction product of polydimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and epichlorohydrin-terminated polyethyleneoxide methyl ether; the reaction product of polydimethylaminopropyl methacrylamide and epichlorohydrin-terminated polyethyleneoxide methyl ether; and the reaction product of poly(acrylarmde/dime&ylaminopropyl methacrylamide) and epichlorohydrin-terminated polyethyleneoxide methyl ether.
- the hydrophilically modified polymer may comprise the reaction product of a polydimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and epichlorohydrin-terminated polyethyleneoxide methyl ether having a weight ratio of polydimethylaminoethyl methacrylate to epichlorohydrin- terminated polyethyleneoxide methyl ether of about 3:1.
- the relative permeability modifiers comprise a water-soluble polymer without hydrophobic or hydrophilic modification.
- suitable water-soluble polymers may include, but are not limited to, homo-, co-, and terpolymers of acrylamide, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid, N 5 N- dimethylacrylamide, vinyl pyrrolidone, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, acrylic acid, dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide, vinyl amine, vinyl acetate, trimethylammoniumethyl methacrylate chloride, methacrylamide, hydroxyethyl acrylate, vinyl sulfonic acid, vinyl phosphonic acid, methacrylic acid, vinyl caprolactam, N-vinylformamide, N,N-diallylacetamide, dimethyldiallyl ammonium halide, itaconic acid, styrene sulfonic acid, methacrylamidoethy
- the treatment fluids of the present invention may include a relative permeability modifier breaker.
- Suitable breakers may include, but are not limited to oxidizers.
- the choice of relative permeability modifier breaker may depend upon, among other things, the relative permeability modifier used.
- One of ordinary skill in the art, with the benefit of this disclosure, may recognize suitable relative permeability modifier breakers suitable for use in the treatment fluids and methods of the present invention.
- a suitable relative permeability modifier may be present in the treatment fluids of the present invention to provide a desired degree of diversion of aqueous fluids.
- the amount of the relative permeability modifier to include in the treatment fluid depends on a number of factors including, the composition of the fluid to be diverted and the porosity of the formation, hi some embodiments, a relative permeability modifier may be present in a treatment fluid of the present invention in an amount of about 0.05% to about 1.5% by weight of the composition, hi some embodiments, a relative permeability modifier may be present hi an amount of about 0.1% to about 0.5% by weight of the composition.
- the relative permeability modifier may be provided in a concentrated aqueous solution prior to its combination with the other components necessary to form a treatment fluid of the present invention.
- the treatment fluids of the present invention additionally comprise a delayed filter cake breaker.
- Delayed filter cake breakers useful in the treatment fluids and methods of the present invention may include, but are not limited to, acid generating compounds, enzymes, oxidizers, azo compounds, and any combination thereof.
- acid generating compound refers to a composition that generates acid over tune.
- suitable acid generating compounds that may be suitable for use in the delayed filter cake breakers useful in the treatment fluids and methods of the present invention include, but are not limited to, esters, aliphatic polyesters, ortho esters, poly (ortho esters), ortho ethers; poly(ortho ethers); lactides, poly(lactides), glycolides, poly(glycolides), lactones, ⁇ -caprolactones, poly( ⁇ -caprolactones), hydroxybutyrates, poly(hydroxybutyrates), anhydrides, poly(anhydrides), polyascorbic acid, aliphatic carbonates, aliphatic polycarbonates, amino acids, poly(amino acids), ethylene oxide, poly(ethylene oxide), and polyphosphazenes, or copolymers thereof.
- suitable acid- generating compounds may include formate esters, acetate esters, and lactate esters such as, but not limited to, ethylene glycol monoformate, ethylene glycol diformate, diethylene glycol diformate, glyceryl monoformate, glyceryl diformate, glyceryl triformate, Methylene glycol diformate, formate esters of pentaerythritol, glyceryl triacetate, methyl lactate, butyl lactate, and derivatives thereof.
- Other suitable materials may be disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 6,877,563 and 7,021,383, the entire disclosures of which are incorporated by reference. Examples of acid- generating compounds that may be suitable in the present invention are commercially available from Halliburton Energy Services, Inc., of Duncan, OK, under the trade names NFC-2, ED-I, and BDF-325.
- the acid generating compound may generate an acid downhole hi a delayed fashion that may remove at least a portion of a filter cake present hi the subterranean formation.
- the acid generating compounds may be reacted with small amounts of reactive materials such as mineral acids, organic acids, acidic anhydrides, p-toluenesulfonic acid, and the like to lower the pH to accelerate the hydrolysis of the acid generating compound if desired.
- the hydrolysis rate may be slowed by the addition of a small amount of a strong base such as NaOH, Na 2 CO 3 , and Mg(OH) 2 .
- the acid generating compound also may generate alcohols downhole that may be beneficial to the operation.
- compositions or methods known hi the art that is capable of producing an acid may be used in conjunction with the present invention. Additional examples of such compositions and methods include, but are not limited to encapsulated acids, reaction of a aldehyde group with an oxidizer such as with reducing sugars, and/or any fermentation process that produces acid and oxidation of mineral surfaces.
- an acid generating compound may be present in a treatment fluid of the present invention in an amount of about 0.5% to about 40% by weight of the composition, hi certain embodiments of the present invention, the acid generating compound may be provided in a concentrated aqueous solution prior to its combination with the other components necessary to form a treatment fluid of the present invention.
- the delayed filter cake breakers useful in the treatment fluids and methods of the present invention also may comprise an enzyme.
- enzymes useful in the delayed filter cake breakers of the treatment fluids and methods of the present invention may catalyze the breakdown of an acid-generating compound to generate an acid.
- enzymes may be included in the delayed filter cake breakers useful in the treatment fluids or methods of the present invention at formation temperatures below about 160 0 F (71.1 0 C). Suitable enzymes may include, but are not limited to, esterases, amylases, xanthanases, gluconases, cellulases, mannanases, and any combination thereof.
- suitable enzymes may includes, but are not limited to, those available commercially under the trade names NFC-3TM and NFC-4TM, available from Halliburton Energy Services, Inc., of Duncan, OK, as well as ARCASOLVETM, available from Cleansorb Limited of Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom.
- the enzyme may be present in an amount of about 0.001% to about 1% by weight of the composition.
- the delayed filter cake breakers useful in the treatment fluids and methods of the present invention may also comprise an oxidizer.
- suitable oxidizers may include, but are not limited to, t-butyl hydroperoxide and sodium perborate.
- the oxidizer may be present in an amount of about 0.001% to about 5% by weight of the composition.
- the delayed filter cake breakers useful in the treatment fluids and methods of the present invention may also comprise an azo compound.
- suitable azo compounds may include, but are not limited to, 2,2'-Azobis(2-amidinopropane), dihydrochloride, 2,2' -Azobis-2-methyl-n-(2-hydroxyethyl)propionamide, 4,4' -Azobis(4- cyanovaleric acid).
- the azo compound may be present in an amount of about 0.001% to about 1% by weight of the composition.
- Other free radical generators may be used as well.
- the treatment fluids of the present invention may further comprise particulates, such as proppant particulates or gravel particulates.
- particulates such as proppant particulates or gravel particulates.
- Such particulates may be included in the treatment fluids of the present invention, for example, when a gravel pack is to be formed in at least a portion of the well bore where the filter cake is removed.
- Particulates suitable for use in the present invention may comprise any material suitable for use in subterranean operations.
- Suitable materials for these particulates may include, but are not limited to, sand, bauxite, ceramic materials, glass materials, polymer materials, TEFLON ® (polytetrafluoroethylene) materials, nut shell pieces, cured resinous particulates comprising nut shell pieces, seed shell pieces, cured resinous particulates comprising seed shell pieces, fruit pit pieces, cured resinous particulates comprising fruit pit pieces, wood, composite particulates, and combinations thereof.
- Suitable composite particulates may comprise a binder and a filler material wherein suitable filler materials include silica, alumina, fumed carbon, carbon black, graphite, mica, titanium dioxide, meta-silicate, calcium silicate, kaolin, talc, zirconia, boron, fly ash, hollow glass microspheres, solid glass, and combinations thereof.
- suitable filler materials include silica, alumina, fumed carbon, carbon black, graphite, mica, titanium dioxide, meta-silicate, calcium silicate, kaolin, talc, zirconia, boron, fly ash, hollow glass microspheres, solid glass, and combinations thereof.
- the mean particulate size generally may range from about 2 mesh to about 400 mesh on the U.S.
- preferred mean particulates size distribution ranges are one or more of 6/12, 8/16, 12/20, 16/30, 20/40, 30/50, 40/60, 40/70, or 50/70 mesh.
- the term "particulate,” as used in this disclosure includes all known shapes of materials, including substantially spherical materials, fibrous materials, polygonal materials (such as cubic materials), and mixtures thereof. Moreover, fibrous materials, that may or may not be used to bear the pressure of a closed fracture, may be included in certain embodiments of the present invention.
- the particulates included in the treatment fluids of the present invention may be coated with any suitable resin or tackifying agent known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
- the particulates may be present in the treatment fluids of the present invention in an amount of about 0.5 pounds per gallon ("ppg") to about 30 ppg (about 60 kg/m 3 to about 3600 kg/m 3 ) by volume of the treatment fluid.
- the delayed filter cake breaker may be introduced into the well bore independent of other treatment fluids.
- the delayed filter cake breaker may be introduced into the well bore on a gravel particulate by placing the delayed filter cake breaker in a solution and/or treatment fluid that comprises the particulate (e.g., a gravel pack fluid), which may be done prior to, during, or subsequent to introducing the proppant particulate or gravel particulate into a well bore.
- a solution and/or treatment fluid that comprises the particulate e.g., a gravel pack fluid
- the treatment fluids and methods of the present invention may, when introduced with gravel particulates into a well bore, be used for gravel-packing operations.
- a gravel-packing operation may comprise placing a screen in the well bore and packing the surrounding annulus between the screen and the well bore with gravel of a specific size designed to prevent the passage of formation sand.
- the screen may comprise a filter assembly used to retain the gravel placed during the gravel-pack operation.
- a wide range of sizes and screen configurations are available to suit the characteristics of the gravel particulates used.
- a wide range of sizes of gravel particulates are available to suit the characteristics of the unconsolidated particulates in the subterranean formation.
- the gravel may be carried to the formation in the form of a slurry by mixing the gravel particulates with the treatment fluids of the present invention.
- the resulting structure presents a barrier to migrating sand from the formation while still permitting fluid flow.
- the treatment fluids of the present invention may be used to coat a sand screen for use in a gravel packing operation. Examples of coated sand screens are described in U.S. Patent Application Publication 2005/00072570, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
- the present disclosure also provides particulates at least partially coated with a delayed filter cake breaker.
- particulates at least partially coated with a filter cake breaker as well as methods of using such particulates, are described in U.S. Patent Application Publication 2005/0034868 the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
- additives may optionally be included in the treatment fluids of the present invention.
- additives may include, but are not limited to, salts, buffers, pH control additives, gas generators, enzyme substrates, additional surfactants (e.g., non-ionic surfactants), fluid loss control additives, acids, gases (e.g., nitrogen, carbon dioxide), surface modifying agents, tackifying agents, foamers, corrosion inhibitors, additional scale inhibitors, catalysts, clay control agents, biocides, friction reducers, antifoam agents, bridging agents, dispersants, flocculants, H 2 S scavengers, CO 2 scavengers, oxygen scavengers, lubricants, viscosifiers, breakers, weighting agents, relative permeability modifiers, resins, wetting agents, and coating enhancement agents.
- additional surfactants e.g., non-ionic surfactants
- fluid loss control additives e.g., acids, gases (e.g., nitrogen, carbon
- a suitable treatment fluid of the present invention may comprise 10 M sodium chloride brine, 15% NFC-2 by weight of the composition, and 67 gal/Mgal (254 litre/Mlitre) HPT-I relative permeability modifier commercially available from Halliburton Energy Services, Inc., of Duncan, OK.
- the present disclosure provides a method comprising providing a treatment fluid comprising a relative permeability modifier, a delayed filter cake breaker, and a carrier fluid, contacting at least a portion of a filter cake in a subterranean formation with the treatment fluid, and removing at least a portion of the filter cake.
- the present disclosure provides a method comprising providing a treatment fluid comprising a relative permeability modifier, a delayed filter cake breaker, a plurality of particulates, and a carrier fluid, contacting a portion of a subterranean formation with the treatment fluid, and depositing at least a portion of the plurality of particulates in a portion of the subterranean formation to form a gravel pack while removing at least a portion of a filter cake contained in a portion of the subterranean formation.
- the present disclosure provides a treatment fluid comprising a relative permeability modifier, a delayed filter cake breaker, a plurality of particulates, and a carrier fluid.
- a regain permeability test was performed on a core sample from a sandstone formation offshore South America.
- the initial kerosene permeability was 1478 and the initial porosity was 0.258.
- a drill-in fluid was formulated in a 9.3 pound per gallon (1114 kg/m 3 ) KCl/NaCl brine with 45 lbs/bbl (pounds per barrel) (128 kg/m 3 ) of calcium carbonate bridging particles, 1.25 lbs/bbl (3.7 kg/m 3 ) xanthan, 5 lbs/bbl (14.3 kg/m 3 ) starch deriviative, 3.3 lbs/bbl (9.4 kg/m 3 )_lubricant, along with a bactericide, shale inhibitor and caustic.
- the drill-in fluid was applied to the face of the core at 155°F (68.3°C) and a 500 psi (3450 kPa) differential pressure, and was held overnight.
- the drill-in fluid was displaced from the test system with the clean-up solution in the 9.3 pounds per gallon (1114 kg/m 3 ) KCl/NaCl brine with 0.67% HPT-I (relative permeability modifier), 15% BDF-325 (delayed release acid), and 0.6% HT Breaker (oxidizer breaker).
- the clean-up solution was flowed across the face of the core for 8 hours at 500 psi (3450 kPa) differential pressure to show that no premature break through was occurring.
- the cell was then shut in static for 72 hours. After this, a permeability test for the core was performed using kerosene and a value of 87.2 percent return permeability was obtained.
- the present invention is well-adapted to carry out the objects and attain the ends and advantages mentioned as well as those which are inherent therein. While the invention has been depicted and described by reference to exemplary embodiments of the invention, such a reference does not imply a limitation on the invention, and no such limitation is to be inferred. The invention is capable of considerable modification, alternation, and equivalents in form and function, as will occur to those ordinarily skilled in the pertinent arts and having the benefit of this disclosure. The depicted and described embodiments of the invention are exemplary only, and are not exhaustive of the scope of the invention.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
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BRPI1007996A BRPI1007996B8 (en) | 2009-02-24 | 2010-02-23 | Method for treating underground formations |
MX2011008833A MX2011008833A (en) | 2009-02-24 | 2010-02-23 | Treatment fluids comprising relative permeability modifiers and methods of use. |
AU2010217427A AU2010217427B2 (en) | 2009-02-24 | 2010-02-23 | Treatment fluids comprising relative permeability modifiers and methods of use |
CN201080009127.XA CN102333840B (en) | 2009-02-24 | 2010-02-23 | Comprise treatment fluid and the using method of relative permeability modifying agent |
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US12/380,120 US7998910B2 (en) | 2009-02-24 | 2009-02-24 | Treatment fluids comprising relative permeability modifiers and methods of use |
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CN (1) | CN102333840B (en) |
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