WO2010027982A2

WO2010027982A2 - Adapter mechanism for handheld spectral sensing device

Info

Publication number: WO2010027982A2
Application number: PCT/US2009/055631
Authority: WO
Inventors: Thomas Devlin; David Tracy; Scott Simmons; David L. Wooton; Norman Lavigne
Original assignee: Microptix Technologies, Llc
Priority date: 2008-09-02
Filing date: 2009-09-01
Publication date: 2010-03-11
Also published as: WO2010027982A3

Abstract

An adapter for use with a handheld spectrometer is disclosed. The adapter provides interoperability of the handheld spectrometer with existing (i.e., off-the-shelf) standard types of sample holders such as ampoules, vials, cuvettes, containers, or even direct material (i.e., surface) measurement. The adapter provides a chamber for the sample holders that retains the given sample holder within a sample are through which a directed path of light travels to and from the handheld spectrometer. A prism is provided and configured to direct the path of light in an optimal manner.

Description

ADAPTER MECHANISM FOR HANDHELD SPECTRAL SENSING DEVICE

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of priority of U.S. Provisional Patent

Application No. 60/093,537 filed on September 2, 2008 and from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/093,538 filed on September 2, 2008. The entire contents of these documents being herein incorporated by reference.

[0002] This application is related to application serial number 12/136,219 filed on

June 10, 2008 which is a divisional application of application serial number 1 1/605,869 filed on November 29, 2006 (now United States Patent No. 7,459,713), and each of which is a continuation-in-part of application serial number 1 1/355,908, filed on February 16, 2006, which is a continuation of application serial number 10/913,819, filed on August 6, 2004 (now United States Patent No. 7,057,156), which in turn claims priority under 35 U. S. C. §1 19(e) from provisional patent application serial number 60/494,977, filed on August 14, 2003. This application is also related to provisional patent application 60/740,850 filed on November 30, 2005. The entire contents of these documents being herein incorporated by reference

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0003] The present invention relates to interchangeable adapters for use within a handheld spectral analysis device for the measurement of solution and solvent-based chemistries. More particularly, the present invention relates to an adapter mechanism for enabling use of a handheld spectral analysis device with both contained samples and surface samples.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0004] In a traditional laboratory, instruments described as spectrometers, spectrophotometers or photometers (referred to from here on as spectrometers) are used to make measurements on liquids or solutions containing one or more chemical substances. Such methods of analysis are used to measure the concentration of a component either directly or following the reaction with one or more chemical substances, usually described as reagents. In such reactions the analyte, or material being measured, is converted into a chemical form that can be detected within the spectral region covered by the instrument. Examples can include the formation of a specific color, or the formation of a material that provides a characteristic fluorescence or luminescence, especially in the presence of radiation of specific wavelengths, such as an ultraviolet source, or the formation of a light scattering medium, where the degree of light scatter is proportional to the concentration of the analyte (substance or species being measured). This latter case includes turbidity for the measurement of suspended materials. In certain spectral regions, such as the ultraviolet, near infrared and the mid infrared, materials can have natural absorption characteristics, where the material can be measured directly in the absence of a reagent. Similar situations occur where an analyte is naturally colored or naturally fluorescent. In these situations reagents are not required.

[0005] The normal procedure in a laboratory is to prepare the sample for analysis.

The circumstances as described above are for the measurement of samples in a liquid form. Spectral measurements are not limited to liquids, and samples that exist as solids or gases can be considered for spectroscopic analysis if prepared in a form that can be measured. For most applications involving reagents, a liquid-based medium is implied. Both solids and gases can be handled if dissolved within a reagent system, or if dissolved in a suitable solvent. If the sample has its own natural spectral response, in the absence of a reagent, the sample may be studied in its natural form as a solid or gas. Such measurements require some form of specialized sample handling accessory. Samples existing in the liquid state are often preferred for reasons of convenience of sampling and handling, and because the sample as studied is generally homogenous and representative of the whole sample. [0006] The standard approach to handling liquids is to place the sample with a container with optically transparent walls or windows. Such containers are called a cells or cuvettes (referred to from here on as cells). If the sample must be treated with a reagent prior to analysis then the sample is normally placed in a separate container, such as a laboratory flask or bottle, prior to placement within the cell. Such a preparation can also require heating or an incubation period. Once the sample is transferred into the measurement cell, the cell is placed at a sampling point within the spectrometer. Typically, this sampling point is a chamber or sampling compartment, which is often light-tight, and can be sealed from interference from ambient light. The sampling chamber may be configured to accept one or more sampling cells. In an alternative rendering, the sample cell may be configured for sample flow through the cell. In such systems, a reagent may be introduced in the sample flow, enabling the regent to interact with the sample in situ.

[0007] Most laboratory instruments occupy bench space, and as such they can be limited in terms of access. Furthermore, most laboratory instruments are relatively expensive, and so the number of instruments available for use by laboratory personnel may be limited. In recent years, smaller and lower cost instruments have become available, but these can cost several thousands of dollars once they are configured to be a fully functional instrument. Many of the newer generation of instruments utilize fiber optic cables to couple the spectrometer to the sample. While these present some flexibility, they are also constrained by the length of the fibers and the overall lack of flexibility of the cable. All cables and fibers are limited in their flexibility by their bend radius. Also, fiber optics can impose signal quality issues on the collected spectral data that can negatively impact the final results unless careful consideration is given to the way the system is implemented.

[0008] In certain industries and for certain applications, such as environmental measurements, it is desirable to make measurements in a non-laboratory environment. Examples can include measurements on water samples taken at an industrial site or from a stream, river or lake for contaminants or undesirable materials. In such cases, the measurements ideally must be made on a portable instrument. In the absence of a portable instrument there is the burden of sending collected samples back to a laboratory for analysis. As shown in prior art FIGURE 1 , one such portable instrument is the handheld spectrometer 10 which is disclosed within United States Patent No. 7,057,156 entitled "System And Method For Integrated Sensing And Control Of Industrial Processes" issued on June 6, 2006 and within United States Patent No. 7,459,713 entitled "Integrated Sensing System Approach For Handheld Spectral Measurements Having A Disposable Sample Handling Apparatus" issued on December 2, 2008, both of which are herein incorporated by reference. Such a handheld spectrometer 10 is an integrated handheld measurement system for spectral sensing of aqueous and organic solutions, certain gases and vapors, and for certain solid substrates, such as powders and extended solid surfaces. The sensing aspect includes one or more miniaturized optical spectral sensors located within the body of the handheld device. The basic spectral sensing system includes a light or energy source, an optimized and integrated sample chamber, a spectral analyzer or spectrally selective element, and an integrated detection system.

[0009] The energy source can be an incandescent-style of source, such as a tungsten source, or various types of sources, such as solid-state sources (LEDs and diode lasers), MEMs-based thermal sources and gas discharge devices, where the source is optimized for the given application and the spectral range of the overall spectral measurement system. The optics enables light scattering and optical emission measurements, such as fluorescence, phosphorescence, and luminescence, and can also be configured for reflectance and transflectance (transmission-reflection) measurements from surfaces. The handheld spectrometer 10 is small, convenient to use, and can be fabricated as a low cost device for the work place or even in the home. An optional component of the system is a wireless communications interface, based on a standard wireless platform, to provide an easy mechanism to download results from the handheld spectrometer, and to upload new calibrations and measurement schemes. [0010] An important component of the handheld spectrometer 10 as disclosed within

United States Patent Nos. 7,057,156 and 7,459,713, can be broadly described as an "optical spectrometer on a chip" as it integrates an optical filter assembly with a light or energy sensitive array. The optical filter technology used is either in the form of a continuous linear variable filter (LVF), or a filter array (patterned filter or mosaic). In the LVF form, the resultant device or spectral sensing component is the most versatile and can be utilized for many applications, and for different spectral ranges, dependent on the detector array technology used. In low-cost examples, the spectral sensing component is implemented as part of a photodiode or a Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) array detector package. The LVF is directly bonded to the detector array, which preserves the spectral resolution of the LVF. In this form, the assembly does not require any form of resolution retaining optics. Sensors derived from these components based on the LVF can be used for absorption measurements in the mid-range UV, long-wave UV, the visible and the shortwave near infrared (NIR), as well as fluorescence measurements in the visible and NIR. The short wave NIR provides good differentiation based on chemistry and composition based on vibrational overtones of the component molecules. This spectral region can be applied to organic and inorganic compounds, and also aqueous solutions containing high concentrations of solutes. However, in cases, such as the digestions in pulp and paper applications, where visible absorbing and fluorescence centers are also expected to be important, the visible version for the spectral sensor can also be used. [0011] Within the handheld spectrometer 10 as disclosed within United States Patent

Nos. 7,057,156 and 7,459,713, the spectral sensing elements can be fully integrated as a single entity or assembly on what are described as the sensing components. This optical sensor assembly (or opto-board) includes the light source and the spectral sensing element or detector. These devices are optically isolated from each other by an optical mask fabricated from an optically opaque material, such as a carbon-filled elastomer. The main system electronics board is directly coupled to the optical sensor assembly via either a hard connector on the back of the opto-board, or via internal cabling or flex-based connectors. The source and spectral detection components are interfaced to the sample measurement cavity (or chamber) via light pipes, light guides or light conduits.

[0012] The handheld spectrometer 10 as disclosed within United States Patent Nos.

7,057,156 and 7,459,713 is constructed as two separable parts including, firstly, the spectral sensing components and associated electronics and, secondly, the sample interface which is intended to be removable and optionally disposable. The spectral sensing components and the electronics are located within the main body of the sensor as shown in prior art FIGURE 1. The main body of the handheld spectrometer 10 includes a display screen 12, a power control/select button 13, control buttons 14, and a sample interface connection neck 11. The sample interface connection neck 11 allows for connection of a removable tip or sampler having a sample chamber. Prior to the present application, such removable tip or sampler has been limited to a mechanical micro pipette where the sample is transported into the sensor tip via a built-in piston pump (or equivalent). Such mechanical micro pipette is primarily intended for use with fluids.

[0013] Although useful, open-ended pipette-type of sampler tips provided by way of the handheld spectrometer 10 as disclosed within United States Patent Nos. 7,057,156 and 7,459,713 may be improved by allowing interoperability with existing (i.e., off-the-shelf) types of ampoules, vials, cuvettes, containers, or even direct material (i.e., surface) measurement.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0014] It is an object of the present invention to obviate or mitigate at least one disadvantage of previous. Moreover, the present invention provides an improved sample interface in the form of an adapter that includes unique sampling and reagent handling aspects where the interfacing optics form part of the structure of the adapter. [0015] The present invention improves upon the miniaturized, low-cost spectral sensing device as disclosed within United States Patent Nos. 7,057,156 and 7,057,156, both of which have been described hereinabove. The known miniaturized, low-cost spectral sensing apparatus described therein shall be referenced herein as the "handheld spectrometer" and is employed to analyze given samples. Although the present inventive sample interface apparatus is discussed relative to an in conjunction with the handheld spectrometer disclosed within United States Patent Nos. 7,057,156 and 7,057,156, it should be understood that any similar spectral analyzer may benefit by use of the inventive aspects disclosed herein. Accordingly, any reference to the handheld spectrometer herein should not be construed as limiting the present invention to any particular spectral analyzer. [0016] The present invention improves upon the handheld spectrometer such as the prior art handheld spectrometer 10 shown in prior art FIGURE 1 by allowing interoperability with existing (i.e., off-the-shelf) types of ampoules, vials, cuvettes, containers, or even direct material (i.e., surface) measurement.

[0017] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an adapter for use in combination with a handheld optical spectral sensing device, the adapter including: a main housing for releasable attachment with an operative end of the handheld optical spectral sensing device; a sample area located within the main housing and dimensionally designed to match an active area of the handheld optical spectral sensing device; a cover for releasable attachment to the main housing, the cover and the main housing together forming a positive light seal with the operative end of the handheld optical spectral sensing device; and a reflective element located within the main housing and dimensionally designed to form a directed light path from an light emitter of the handheld spectral sensing device through the sample area and returned to a light detector of the handheld spectral sensing device; wherein the cover and the main housing include inner dimensions capable of accepting a standardized sample holder so as to retain a sample under analysis within the sample area. [0018] In further aspect, the present invention provides an adapter for use in combination with a handheld optical spectral sensing device, the adapter including: a housing forming a positive light seal with an operative end of the handheld optical spectral sensing device; a sample area, disposed adjacent to the operative end, and dimensionally designed to match an active area of the handheld optical spectral sensing device; and a prism dimensionally designed to form a directed light path from an light emitter of the handheld spectral sensing device through the sample area and returned to a light detector of the handheld spectral sensing device.

[0019] Other aspects and features of the present invention will become apparent to those ordinarily skilled in the art upon review of the following description of specific embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying figures.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only. [0021] FIGURE 1 is a perspective view of a known handheld spectrometer having an integrated source, sample interface, spectral analyzer and detector.

[0022] FIGURE 2A is an exploded perspective view of one embodiment showing an ampoule adapter in accordance with the present invention.

[0023] FIGURE 2B is a longitudinal cross-section view of the ampoule portion of the ampoule adapter shown in FIGURE 2A.

[0024] FIGURE 2C is cross-sectional view of the reflective chamber of the ampoule adapter shown in FIGURE 2A.

[0025] FIGURE 3A is an exploded perspective view of another embodiment showing another ampoule adapter in accordance with the present invention.

[0026] FIGURE 3B is an assembled perspective view of the ampoule adapter shown in FIGURE 3A.

[0027] FIGURE 3C is perspective view of the reflective chamber of the ampoule adapter shown in FIGURE 2A.

[0028] FIGURE 3D is cross-sectional view of the reflective chamber of the ampoule adapter shown in FIGURE 3A.

[0029] FIGURE 3E is a longitudinal cross-section view of the ampoule portion of the ampoule adapter shown in FIGURE 3A.

[0030] FIGURE 3F is a perspective view of the prism portion of the ampoule adapter shown in FIGURE 3A.

[0031] FIGURE 3G is bottom view of the prism portion shown in FIGURE 3F.

[0032] FIGURE 3H is a top view of the diffuser portion of the ampoule adapter shown in FIGURE 3A.

[0033] FIGURE 3I is a perspective view of the window portion of the ampoule adapter shown in FIGURE 3A.

[0034] FIGURE 4A is a perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention illustrating a large bore adapter in accordance with the present invention.

[0035] FIGURE 4B is an exploded perspective view of the large bore adapter as shown in FIGURE 4A. [0036] FIGURE 4C is cross sectional view of the large bore adapter as shown in

FIGURE 4A.

[0037] FIGURE 5A and 5B, respectively, show outer and inner perspective views of the front half of the main body of the large bore adapter as shown in FIGURE 4A.

[0038] FIGURE 6A and 6B, respectively, show inner and outer perspective views of the back half of the main body of the large bore adapter as shown in FIGURE 4A.

[0039] FIGURE 7A is an exploded perspective view of a large bore adapter in conjunction with a cuvette adapter in accordance with the present invention.

[0040] FIGURE 7AA is an exploded perspective view of a large bore adapter in conjunction with a known 25MM round vial in accordance with the present invention.

[0041] FIGURE 7B and 7C, respectively, show front and side views of the combination shown in FIGURE 7A.

[0042] FIGURE 7D is a cross section of the front view of the combination shown in

FIGURE 7B.

[0043] FIGURE 7E is a cross section of the side view of the combination shown in

FIGURE 7C.

[0044] FIGURE 7F is a perspective view of the combination shown in FIGURE 7A in operative attachment to the known handheld spectrometer of FIGURE 1.

[0045] FIGURE 8A is a perspective view of the cuvette adapter without an attached lens in accordance with the present invention as seen in FIGURE 7A.

[0046] FIGURE 8B is a perspective view of the cuvette adapter as seen in FIGURE

8A but with a lens attached.

[0047] FIGURES 9A and 9B, respectively, are perspective and cross section views of the lens of the cuvette adapter as seen in FIGURE 8B.

[0048] FIGURE 8C is a cross section view of the cuvette adapter as seen in FIGURE

8B with an attached lens.

[0049] FIGURE 8D is a cross section view of the cuvette adapter as seen in FIGURE

8A without an attached lens. [0050] FIGURE 10A is an exploded view of another embodiment of the present invention showing a surface reader adapter.

[0051] FIGURE 10B is a side view of the surface reader adapter in conjunction with a calibrator in accordance with the present invention.

[0052] FIGURE 11 A is a perspective bottom view of the calibrator seen in FIGURE

10B.

[0053] FIGURE 11 B is a side view of the calibrator shown in FIGURE 11 A.

[0054] FIGURE 11 C is a cross section view of the calibrator side view shown in

FIGURE 11 B.

[0055] FIGURE 12 is a perspective view of a calibrator disk seen in FIGURE 11 C.

[0056] FIGURE 13A and 13B, respectively, show inner and outer perspective views of the back half of the surface reader adapter as shown in FIGURE 10A.

[0057] FIGURE 14A and 14B, respectively, show outer and inner perspective views of the front half of the surface reader adapter as shown in FIGURE 10A.

[0058] FIGURE 15A is a side view of the surface reader adapter as shown in

FIGURE 10A.

[0059] FIGURE 15B is a cross section view of the side view of the surface reader adapter as shown in FIGURE 15A.

[0060] FIGURE 16A is a rear view of the surface reader adapter as shown in

FIGURE 10A.

[0061] FIGURE 16B is a cross section view of the rear view of the surface reader adapter as shown in FIGURE 16A.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0062] The present invention provides a new and useful apparatus in the form of an adapter for use with a handheld spectral sensing device. The inventive apparatus forms an improvement to a known handheld spectrometer 10 as seen in prior art FIGURE 1 and disclosed within United States Patent Nos. 7,057,156 and 7,459,713 or any similar spectral analysis device. In general, the present invention provides an improved sample interface in the form of an adapter that provides unique sampling and reagent handling aspects where the interfacing optics form part of the structure of the adapter. For purposes of illustration, five specific embodiments of the present invention are included in the description herein below though it should be readily apparent that the adapter may take many additional forms without straying from the intended scope of the present invention.

[0063] The five embodiments include an ampoule adapter with an aluminum coated mirror, a ampoule adapter with an internal polycarbonate prism, a round-vial adapter with a polycarbonate prism, a square-cuvette adapter with polycarbonate lenses and a polycarbonate prism, and a surface reader adapter with a polycarbonate prism. Each adapter is designed to be snap-fitted using known interference-fit methods onto the sample interface connection neck 11 of the handheld spectrometer 10. Such snap fitting details therefore will not be described in detail as such are well known and within the ordinary skill of a workman within the plastic components industry.

[0064] With regard to FIGURE 2A there is shown an exploded perspective view of a one embodiment in accordance with the present invention forming an ampoule adapter (collectively as element 20) with a mirror 22. The ampoule adapter 20 includes a main housing 21 into which an ampoule cradle 23 is inserted. The ampoule cradle 23 is formed from a clear polycarbonate plastic which allows light passage. The mirror 22 is typically an aluminum coated structure having angled reflective plates 22a and 22b. The mirror 22 is sandwiched between the ampoule cradle 23 and main housing 21 as can be seen by way of FIGURES 2B and 2C. Once the ampoule cradle 23 along with the mirror 22 is inserted into the main housing 21 , there is formed a cavity which aligns with a tubular section 21 b of the main housing 21. The inner diameter 21a of the main housing 21 is sized appropriately to allow passage of a standardized ampoule 24. The ampoule 24, once inserted into the cavity is intended to be completely covered by an ampoule cover 25 that matingly attaches to the tubular section 21 b by an interference fit.

[0065] The ampoule 24 can be any one of several known type of standardized devices which relate to an evacuated glass or other transparent tube with relatively strong walls so that it can be handled without danger of breaking. One such ampoule device is described in United States Patent No. 3,634,038 issued on January 1 1 , 1972 to Rampy and herein incorporated by reference. Such ampoule device includes a readily frangible sealed tip at one end thereof, the tube being evacuated to a predetermined degree so that on immersion of the tip in a fluid to be tested and fracture of the tip a predetermined quantity of fluid will be drawn into the tube. One such tube is currently marketed by CHEMetrics, Inc. of Calverton, VA under the name Vacu-vials®. The tube contains a reagent capable of reacting with the material in the fluid for which an analysis is sought. The device may also include a stirring mechanism either in the form of glass beads, or in the form of an air bubble. All such details specific to any given standardized implementation of the ampoule 24 are variable and outside the scope of the present invention.

[0066] With further regard to FIGURE 2B, there is shown a lengthwise cross section view taken along the upright centerline of the ampoule cover 25. The main housing 21 and the ampoule cover 25 together form a secure shell around the ampoule 24. Moreover, both the main housing 21 and ampoule cover 25 are formed from a light impermeable material such as, but not limited to, black colored Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) plastic. Further, the ampoule cover 25 is fitted snugly over the tubular section 21 b so as to ensure the ampoule 24 is not exposed to any ambient light from outside of the ampoule adapter 20. Thus, the ampoule 24 and any fluid contents therein are isolated from extraneous light. [0067] The base of the main housing 21 includes an internal recess 21c along the internal circumference of the base. The internal recess 21c is designed such that the base of the main housing 21 , and therefore the entire assembled ampoule adapter 20, can be snapped into and out of placement atop the sample interface connection neck 11 of the handheld spectrometer 10 shown in FIGURE 1. A corresponding circumferential ridge on the sample interface connection neck 11 would of course be available to snap into and out of the internal recess 21c. The base of the main housing 21 also includes a notch 21 d which is provided as a helpful alignment mechanism. The notch 21 d is intended to align with a corresponding protrusion on the sample interface connection neck 11. It should further be understood that any known method of snap fitting and/or aligning the ampoule adapter 20 onto the sample interface connection neck 11 is possible without straying from the intended scope of the present invention. As previously mentioned above, the parts which form the ampoule adapter 20 may be formed by ABS plastic. As such, it should be understood that interference fitting and/or snap fitting may be enhanced by use of relatively hard, yet resilient materials such as ABS plastic.

[0068] In operation, the handheld spectrometer 10 will provide a light source and light detector to accept reflected light. In terms of FIGURE 2C, this path of light will travel from the handheld spectrometer 10 first through the ampoule cradle 23 and then through the ampoule 24 and the ampoule contents to the mirror plate 22a which is angled to reflect the light to the opposite mirror 22b. From mirror plate 22b, the path of light will then travel back through the ampoule cradle 23 and into the light detector of the handheld spectrometer 10. The snug fit of the ampoule adapter 20 on the sample interface connection neck 11 of the handheld spectrometer 10 helps to prevent interference with the light path either through ambient light intrusion or reflected light losses. Once testing of the fluid-filled ampoule 24 is completed, a user will simply remove the interference-fitted ampoule cover 25 from the tubular section 21 b of the main housing 21 , grasp the exposed end of the fluid-filled ampoule 24, and remove the fluid-filled ampoule 24 for disposal. Thereafter, the ampoule adapter 20 is ready for reuse while being free from contamination from the previous sample and without requisite cleaning or flushing.

[0069] With regard to FIGURE 3A, there is shown another embodiment of the present invention similar to the ampoule adapter 20 discussed above in regard to FIGURES 2A through 2C, but including a prism 32 instead of a mirror 22. In particular, FIGURE 3A shows an exploded perspective view of an ampoule and prism adapter 30 that includes a two-port housing 31 into which a prism 32 and subsequent window disc 33 are inserted. The prism 32 and window disc 33 are formed from a clear polycarbonate plastic which allows light passage. Because the prism 32 is a solid polycarbonate, the light path is contiguous through the prism 32 itself thus providing a directed light path. The prism 32 includes flattened surfaces 32a and 32b which act in a manner similar to the angled reflective plates 22a and 22b described above in regard to FIGURES 2A through 2C via total internal reflection. The two-port housing 31 includes a first tubular section 31 b and a second tubular section 31c. FIGURE 3B shows the fully assembled version of the embodiment seen in FIGURE 3A. In each, there are shown grooves 35a which assist a user in removal and insertion of the tubular section 35.

[0070] As shown, the ampoule 24 is inserted into the opening 31a of the first tubular section 31 b. It should be readily apparent that the circumference of opening 31a is slightly larger than the outer circumference of the ampoule 24 to allow insertion of the ampoule therein. The outer diameters of the tubular sections 31 b and 31 c are intended to be identical in that the end cap 34 and the ampoule cover 35 are interchangeable. Such symmetrical configuration of the two-port housing 31 with tubular sections 31 b and 31c is seen by way of FIGURE 3C. However, it should also be noted that each tubular section 31 b and 31 c may optionally include different sized openings such that ampoules of different outer diameters may be accommodated by reversing the end cap 34 and ampoule cover 35. [0071] FIGURE 3D is a cross section view taken across the center of the two-port housing 31 in FIGURE 3B. The base of the two-port housing 31 includes an internal recess 31 d along the internal circumference of the base. The internal recess 31 d is designed such that the base of the two-port housing 31 , and therefore the entire assembled ampoule and prism adapter 30, can be snapped into and out of placement atop the sample interface connection neck 11 of the handheld spectrometer 10 shown in FIGURE 1. As before, a corresponding circumferential ridge on the sample interface connection neck 11 would of course be available to snap into and out of the internal recess 31 d. The base of the two-port housing 31 also includes a notch 31 e which is provided as a helpful alignment mechanism. The notch 31 e is intended to align with a corresponding protrusion on the sample interface connection neck 11. It should further be understood that any known method of snap fitting and/or aligning the ampoule with prism adapter 30 onto the sample interface connection neck 11 is possible without straying from the intended scope of the present invention. As before, the parts which form the ampoule with prism adapter 30 may be made from ABS plastic. As such, it should be understood that interference fitting and/or snap fitting may be enhanced by use of relatively hard, yet resilient materials such as ABS plastic. In terms of assembly, the prism 32 may be glued or sonic welded into place at ends 32c while window disc 33 may be interference fit.

[0072] From FIGURE 3D, operation can be illustrated and described. It is understood that the handheld spectrometer 10 will provide a light source and light detector to accept reflected light. In terms of FIGURE 3D, this path of light will travel from the handheld spectrometer 10 first through the window disc 33 and then through the ampoule 24 and the ampoule contents to first reflective surface 32a which is angled to reflect the light to the opposite reflective surface 32b. From reflective surface 32b, the path of light will then travel back through the solid material of the prism 32 through the window disc 33 and into the light detector of the handheld spectrometer 10. It should be understood as readily apparent that the light path may also be (and often is) in the opposite direction.

[0073] The snug fit of the ampoule 24 and prism adapter 30 on the sample interface connection neck 11 of the handheld spectrometer 10 helps to prevent interference with the light path either through ambient light intrusion or reflected light losses and the directed light path of the solid prism 32 enhances this effect. The negative curvature of the transparent polycarbonate prism 32 which approximately matches the outer radius of the ampoule 24 serves to minimize the cylindrical lens focusing effect of the ampoule itself. The refractive index of the polycarbonate (1.54) is much larger than that of the sample liquid (typically aqueous, n= 1 .33) inside the ampoule 24, so that the optical power of the single negative polycarbonate surface roughly matches that of the two positively curved liquid surfaces. The thin cylindrical glass shell of the ampoule 24 has relatively little optical effect. [0074] With further regard to FIGURE 3E, it can be seen that once testing of the fluid- filled ampoule 24 is completed, a user will simply remove the interference-fitted ampoule cover 35 from the tubular section 31 b of the two-port housing 31 manually by gripping at grooves 35a, grasp the exposed end of the fluid-filled ampoule 24, and remove the fluid-filled ampoule 24 for disposal. Thereafter, the ampoule with prism adapter 30 is ready for reuse while being free from contamination from the previous sample and without requisite cleaning or flushing. [0075] In FIGURE 3F, the prism 32 is shown. As mentioned, the prism 32 is formed from a clear polycarbonate plastic which allows light passage. Because the prism 32 is a solid polycarbonate, the light path is contiguous through the prism 32 itself thus providing a directed light path from the ampoule (not shown) which is retained in the ampoule recess 32e to the first mirror 32a reflected to the second mirror 32b and reflected through the prism window 32d.

[0076] In FIGURE 3H, an optional diffuser disc 36 is shown. The optional diffuser disc 36 can be used to scatter incident light, thereby reducing the handheld spectrometer detector's sensitivity to slight positional or angle changes in an incoming beam, while also improving the uniformity of the handheld spectrometer's light source. The diffuser may be any suitable light diffusing material such as, but not limited to, a diffuser fabricated from 0.01 to 0.1 mm thick Mylar® film. Mylar® is a biaxially-oriented polyethylene terephthalate polyester film manufactured by DuPont Teijin Films. The diffuser disc 36 includes holes 36a punched there through which correspond to posts 33a formed on the window disc 33. The posts 33a retain the diffuser disc 36 on the window disc 33 in a known compression fitted manner. Although four holes 36a and four corresponding posts 33a are shown, it should be understood that any number of posts/holes may be provided to retain the diffuser membrane without straying from the intended scope of the present invention.

[0077] FIGURE 4A is a perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention illustrating a large bore adapter 40 in accordance with the present invention. FIGURE 4B is an exploded perspective view of the same large bore adapter 40 as shown in FIGURE 4A. The large bore adapter 40 includes a main housing 41 , a cover 42, and a kickstand 43. The main housing 41 includes seat opening 40a for connection to the sample interface connection neck 11 of the handheld spectrometer (as seen in FIGURE 1 ). Also shown is a notch 40b and internal recess 40c that, respectively, ensure proper orientation and retention of the large bore adapter 40 when aligned upon the sample interface connection neck 11 in a manner similar to the previously described embodiments. Thus, the large bore adapter 40 may snap into and out of placement atop the sample interface connection neck 11 of the handheld spectrometer. When the large bore adapter 40 is connected to the handheld spectrometer and both are placed together in a horizontal position, the kickstand 43 supports the large bore adapter 40 in such horizontal position. [0078] With further regard to FIGURE 4B, the main housing 41 is seen to be formed primarily by rear section 41a and front section 41 b. The front section includes a tubular aperture 41 c over which is the cover 42 is held in place by an interference fit. As in prior embodiments, the typical material used to form the large bore adapter 40 is black ABS plastic. Indeed, the rear section 41a, front section 41 b, and cover 42 form a generally light- impenetrable mechanism once combined and attached to one another atop the sample interface connection neck 11. The main housing 41 may also include an information plate 47.

[0079] The kickstand 43 includes hinges 43a (one hidden from view) that are designed to snap into place within corresponding sockets 43b (one hidden from view) formed in the rear section 41a. The large bore adapter 40 also includes a prism 44 and diffuser 45 which operate in a manner identical to the manner described above in regard to the previous embodiment. Further, the large bore adapter 40 includes springs 46 designed to slightly enter the space within the tubular aperture 41c which will be further described in regard to FIGURE 7E below. With further regard to FIGURE 4C, there is shown a cross sectional view of the large bore adapter 40 as shown in FIGURE 4A. Here, one of two thin notches 47 can be seen which allows the springs 46 to slightly enter the space within the tubular aperture 41c. The prism 44, diffuser 45, and springs 46 are all held in place upon connection of the rear section 41a with the front section 41 b. Such connection can be made by any manner including gluing, welding, or (as in the case of the embodiment as shown) by way of screws with screw holes molded into the front and rear sections, 41 b, 41a.

[0080] FIGURES 5A and 5B, respectively, show outer and inner perspective views of the front section 41 b as shown in FIGURE 4A. Likewise, FIGURES 6A and 6B, respectively, show inner and outer perspective views of the rear section 41a as shown in FIGURE 4A. In FIGURE 5B screw posts 51 , 51 , 53, and 54 are shown. Corresponding screw holes 51a, 52a, 53a, and 54a are shown in FIGURES 6A and 6B. The sets of screw posts 51-54 and corresponding screw holes 51a-54a are, respectively, both integrally molded in the ABS plastic body of front section 41 b and rear section 41a. In FIGURE 6A, both sockets 43b are shown into which the hinges of the kickstand reside. In FIGURE 6B, it can be seen that a recess 47a for the information plate 47 (seen in FIGURE 4B) can also be molded into the rear section 41a. Once the information plate 47 is installed and screws are in place securing together the rear section 41a and front section 41 b, screw holes 51a and 52a (and thus the screws therein) are hidden from view. Such information plate may include manufacturer's details and/or warnings against tampering (e.g., "no user serviceable parts"). Once in place, the kickstand 43 (not shown) also acts as a cover for screw holes 53a and 54a (and thus the screws therein).

[0081] The large bore adapter 40 is designed to be used in conjunction with a large tubular container inserted within the tubular section 41c and encapsulated by the cover 42. Two possible mechanisms to accomplish this are shown in FIGURES 7A and 7AA (shown without cover 42 for illustrative purposes). FIGURE 7A is a partial exploded perspective view of the large bore adapter 40 shown in conjunction with a cuvette adapter 700 for holding a standard square cuvette (not shown). A pilot notch 41 d is provided on the front section 41 b in order to ensure alignment of a tab 701 located on the cuvette adapter 700. FIGURE 7AA is a partial exploded perspective view of a large bore adapter 40 shown in conjunction with a known 25mm round vial 800. The 25mm round vial 800 is a typical type of glass vial and may include an alignment indicator (not shown) appropriately etched or painted on the vial to allow a user to manually align the 25mm round vial 800 with the pilot notch 41 upon full insertion of the 25mm round vial 80 into the tubular section 41c.

[0082] It should be readily apparent that the large bore adapter 40 in accordance with the present invention enables the handheld spectrometer to conduct liquid measurements with industry standard 10 mm square cuvettes through use of the cuvette adapter 700. The cuvette adapter 700 features a double pass design that results in an effective path length of 20 mm. The large bore adapter 40 can be easily converted to 25 mm round vial usage by removing the inserted cuvette adapter 700.

[0083] Both embodiments in FIGURES 7A and 7AA function in the same manner such that light emitted from the handheld spectrometer's emitter travels through a sample held within the standard cuvette or standard 25mm round vial and is reflected back to the handheld spectrometer's detector via the prism 44. It should be understood that the prism 44 is configured to direct light from and to a curved vial surface. In the instance of a standard 25mm round vial 800, this requires nothing further, as the cylindrical 25mm round vial 800 filled with aqueous sample liquid acts as a cylindrical lens element which forms an essential part of the optical path. However, in the instance of a standard square cuvette, this requires additional optics as shown in FIGURES 7D and 7E and detailed in FIGURES 9A and 9B. It should be readily apparent that in either implementation using either a capped round vial or open-ended square cuvette, the large bore adapter 40 should be oriented, along with the attached handheld spectrometer, in a horizontal position to ensure the sample remains within the optical path. Thus, the kickstand 43 allows support of the large bore adapter to enable such horizontal orientation.

[0084] FIGURE 7B and 7C, respectively, show front and side views of the large bore/cuvette adaptor combination shown in FIGURE 7A. FIGURE 7D is a cross section taken along line A-A of the front view of the combination shown in FIGURE 7B. Likewise, FIGURE 7E is a cross section taken along line B-B of the side view of the combination shown in FIGURE 7C. From these figures, it can be seen that the tab 701 aligns the cuvette adapter 700 within the tubular section 41 c of the front section 41 b of the large bore adapter 40 such that a set of lenses 800 are arranged on the top and bottom of the sample chamber 900. This aligns the lenses 800 vertically with the prism 44 such that the light path will extend from the handheld spectrometer's emitter, through a first one of lenses 800, through the sample chamber 900, through a second one of lenses 800, and reflected back through the same general route via the prism 44 into the handheld spectrometer's detector. The lenses 800 are curved in a manner as shown so as to produce the optical equivalent as if a round vial alone was used (as in FIGURE 7AA). It should be readily apparent the cuvette or vial axis must be approximately vertical during operation and use in order that the sample liquid stay in the bottom of the vial and not spill, or allow an air bubble to enter the light path. [0085] FIGURE 8A is a perspective view of the cuvette adapter 700 without lenses

800 attached. As before, black ABS plastic is used to form the cuvette adapter 700. The cuvette adapter 700 may be formed in two sections and connected together in a suitable manner - e.g., two halves may be injection molded and sonic welded together. It should be recognized as well that the cuvette adapter 700 may be formed as an integral piece through a unitary injection molding process without straying from the intended scope of the present invention. Lips 702 are provided to allow a user to grasp the cuvette adapter 700 and facilitate easy insertion and removal of the cuvette adapter 700 relative to the tubular section 41 c of the large bore adapter 41.

[0086] Sets of integrated screw posts 704 are provided on each side (one side hidden from view). The screw posts 704 are adjacent a sample window 706. FIGURE 8B is a perspective view of the cuvette adapter 700 as seen in FIGURE 8A but with one of the lenses 800 shown attached. Here, one of the lenses 800 is held in place over the sample window 706 via screws 704a. In both FIGURES 8A and 8B there is shown a set screw post 705. In FIGURE 8B, a set screw 705a is shown in place. With further regard to FIGURE 8C and 8D, it can be seen that the set screw 705a is adjustable such that a standard square cuvette 901 may be inserted into the square opening within the cuvette adapter 700 and retained in place in the sample chamber 900 by tightening the set screw 705a. [0087] In both FIGURES 8A and 8B along with FIGURE 7E, ribs 703 are shown along the length of the cuvette adapter 700. As can be seen from FIGURE 7E, the ribs 703 provide a contact point against the springs 46 which are exposed and reach slightly into the interior of tubular section 41c at slots 47 (shown in FIGURE 4C). Upon insertion of the cuvette adapter 700, the ribs 703 and 704 load the springs which provides a force that retains the cuvette adapter 700 within the large bore adapter 41. Rotational displacement of the cuvette adapter 700 within the tubular section 41c is precluded by the alignment tab 701. [0088] FIGURES 9A and 9B, respectively, are perspective and cross section views of one of the lenses 800 of the cuvette adapter 700 as seen in FIGURE 8B. Each cylindrical lens 800 is formed by a single piece of clear polycarbonate and includes apertures 802 through which screws 704a are placed (as seen in FIGURE 8B) to retain the lens section 801 of each lens 800 in place over the corresponding sample window 706 (as seen in FIGURE 8A). [0089] FIGURE 10A is an exploded view of another embodiment of the present invention showing a surface reader adapter 1000. FIGURE 10B is a side view of the surface reader adapter 1000 in conjunction with a calibrator 2000 in accordance with the present invention. As in the previous embodiments, the surface reader adapter 1000 includes a prism 1004 fabricated from polycarbonate. The surface reader adapter 1000 includes a first section 1001 and second section 1002 fabricated from black ABS plastic. The first section 1001 and second section 1002 include a recess (visible as element 1001a of the first section 1001 ) on the internal circumference of the surface reader adapter 1000. The recess 1001a corresponds to a flange 1004a integrated into the prism 1004. When the first section 1001 and second section 1002 are assembled, the prism 1004 is held in place by the interference fit of flange 1004a into the recess 1001a. Likewise, a sample window 1005 is also held in place in a similar manner upon assembly.

[0090] The sample window 1005 is formed from a clear, optically transparent material and serves to prevent extraneous material from entering the internal area of the surface reader adapter 1000 once assembled. Likewise, disc 1010 is provided which may be formed from a clear, optically transparent material or, alternatively, a diffuser material (similar to that shown in FIGURE 3H). The disc 1010 serves to protect the rounded bottom portion of the prism 1004. The sample window 1005 may as well be formed from a clear polycarbonate. The first section 1001 and second section 1002 may be held together by any known manner such as gluing or sonic welding abutting edges, or as shown by screws 1003 aligned through holes 1006 and seated into corresponding screw holes (not visible) in the second section 1002.

[0091] The sample window 1005 is shown as a generally square piece though any suitable shape is possible so long as it can be retained within the first and section sections 1001 , 1002 upon assembly. The sample window 1005 is exposed via the central aperture on the flat top portion of the surface reader adapter 1000. This flat surface acts to block ambient light from entering the space between the sample and the sample window 1005 when a sample (e.g., paint chip) is held firmly against this surface or when the surface reader adapter 1000 atop the handheld spectrometer is held firmly against a horizontal surface upon which a sample fluid may exist.

[0092] In FIGURE 1 OB, the calibrator 2000 is shown set in place atop the surface reader adapter 1000. This arrangement occurs when the surface reader adapter 1000 is first attached to the handheld spectrometer in the snap fit manner common among all previously described embodiments. The calibrator 2000 is needed because the surface reader adapter 1000 functions differently than previous embodiments such that the light path is diffusely reflected from the surface of a sample that is under analysis and located adjacent the sample window 1005 on the exterior of the surface reader adapter 1000. As seen in FIGURES 11 A through 11C and specifically in FIGURE 12, the calibrator 2000 includes a calibration disc 2003 retained between two nesting sections 2001 , 2002. The two nesting sections 2001 , 2002 may be formed from black ABS plastic and welded or otherwise glued together as shown in FIGURE 11 C which is a cross section taken along line A-A in FIGURE 11 B. The calibration disc 2003 is formed from a blank white diffusely reflecting material that is durable and suitable to serve as a base background for measurement calibration. Such a material thus forms a "white standard" and may include, but not be limited to, Gylon® which is a filled polytetrafluoroethylene film fabricated by Garlock Sealing Technologies of Palmyra, NY. [0093] With further regard to FIGURE 1 OB, the end of the calibrator 2000 opposite the white standard the calibration disc 2003 is a "black standard" comprising a black optical cavity within section 2002. The black standard is provided to simulate closely a perfectly non-reflecting surface such that the calibrator 2000 has dual functionality where the white standard represents a perfect (or near perfect) reflection and the black standard represents a "black hole" cavity for calibrating a zero reflective surface.

[0094] FIGURE 15A is a side view of the surface reader adapter 1000 as shown in

FIGURE 10A, whereas FIGURE 15B is a corresponding cross section view taken along line A-A in the side view of the surface reader adapter 1000 as shown in FIGURE 15A. Likewise, FIGURE 16A is a rear view of the surface reader adapter 1000 as shown in FIGURE 10A, whereas FIGURE 16B is a cross section view taken along line B-B in the rear view of the surface reader adapter 1000 as shown in FIGURE 16A. Here, a notch 1007 is visible which aligns the surface reader adapter 1000 atop the handheld spectrometer similar to the previously described embodiments. As before, recess 1008 is provided to snap-fit the surface reader adapter 1000 onto the sample interface connection neck 11. However, and additional stop edge 1009 is provided to rest against and affirmatively seat the sample interface connection neck 11.

[0095] From the cross section views of FIGURE 15B and 16B, the prism 1004 is shown having flange 1004a residing within the recess 1001a. As mentioned, screws 1003 secure the prism 1004 and sample window 1005 in place within the assembled surface reader adapter 1000. The surface reader adapter 1000 allows users to make solid surface color (i.e., reflectance) measurements with the handheld spectrometer. The surface reader adapter 1000 is designed to provide light to the sample at a 45 degree angle while measuring the reflected light at 0 degrees. The shape of the prism 1004 seen in FIGURE 16B accommodates a directed light path from the handheld spectrometer's emitter, through the bottom curved surface of the prism 1004 and through the angled top end of the prism 1004 and sample window 1005 where reflected light off the analyzed material placed adjacent the sample window then travels back through the flattened top-right portion of the prism 1004, back through the prism 1004, and again through the bottom curved surface of the prism 1004 to the handheld spectrometer's detector. Such analyses made by direct contact with the surface material may be based on a diffuse reflectance or interactance method of measurement.

[0096] It should be understood that the prisms for each of the aforementioned embodiments are fabricated in the same manner in accordance with known techniques in the optics art. This includes molding such prisms from a solid polycarbonate with all total internal reflection mirror surfaces polished in an optically smooth manner. Such techniques are considered well known and are not otherwise discussed in detail herein. The non-optical parts (e.g., housings) can be produced in two or more parts, with the inner measurement area being encased within a black (e.g., black ABS as mentioned) and/or optically opaque external shell. In the various embodiments, the non-optical parts can be made as a co- extruded part, or as an assembly made from two or more separate molded parts. Note that the optically opaque exterior of the adapter embodiments will make a positive light seal with the outer casing of the attached handheld spectrometer. In this manner, the measurement area is shielded from external light sources, thereby ensuring accurate photometry, and also enabling low-light measurements, such as fluorescence and luminescence. [0097] The aforementioned embodiments provide a useful mechanism for automatically analyzing fluid within ampoules such as Vacu-vials® or any similar type of reagent-laden sampling tube. Likewise, the present invention has been discussed in combination with an handheld spectrometer, but it should be understood that any suitable handheld optical spectral sensing device may benefit from the aforementioned adapter embodiments. The fundamental aspects of the present invention lead not only to increased productivity, but ready implementation as a portable system for industrial application areas such as, but not limited to, water, chemical, and petroleum, food and beverages, and clinical and medical. In the case of water, adaptor apparatus in accordance with the present invention expands testing out of the laboratory, and facilitates field-based water and environmental testing. It provides similar advantages in a number of consumer-oriented markets, including home-based water testing (including swimming pools), food safety testing, and home-based medical testing.

[0098] The above-described embodiments of the present invention are intended to be examples only. Alterations, modifications and variations may be effected to the particular embodiments by those of skill in the art without departing from the scope of the invention, which is defined solely by the claims appended hereto.

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. An adapter for use in combination with a handheld optical spectral sensing device, said adapter comprising:

a main housing for releasable attachment with an operative end of said handheld optical spectral sensing device;

a sample area located within said main housing and dimensionally designed to match an active area of said handheld optical spectral sensing device;

a cover for releasable attachment to said main housing, said cover and said main housing together forming a positive light seal with said operative end of said handheld optical spectral sensing device; and

a reflective element located within said main housing and dimensionally designed to form a directed light path from an light emitter of said handheld spectral sensing device through said sample area and returned to a light detector of said handheld spectral sensing device;

wherein said cover and said main housing include inner dimensions capable of accepting a standardized sample holder so as to retain a sample under analysis within said sample area.

2. The adapter as claimed in Claim 1 wherein said main housing includes a first tubular extension and said cover is an elongated tube having an open end where said open end forms an interference fit with said first tubular extension of said main housing.

3. The adapter as claimed in Claim 2 wherein said standardized sample holder is an ampoule and said adapter further includes an ampoule cradle located within said main housing, said ampoule cradle for positioning said ampoule within a confluence of said sample area and said directed light path.

4. The adapter as claimed in Claim 3 wherein said reflective element includes an aluminum coated pair of mirror inserted between said ampoule cradle and an inner surface of said main housing.

5. The adapter as claimed in Claim 3 wherein said reflective element is formed by a prism mounted within an inner surface of said main housing and said ampoule cradle is integrally formed within said prism.

6. The adapter as claimed in Claim 5 further including a second tubular extension on said main housing, an extension cap for removable attachment over said second tubular extension, and wherein said first and second tubular extensions are axially aligned with one another.

7. The adapter as claimed in Claim 6 further including a window disc engaged within said main housing enclosing said sample area.

8. The adapter as claimed in Claim 7 wherein said window disc includes at least one post for retention of a diffuser disk between said window disc and said sample area.

9. The adapter as claimed in Claim 8 wherein said cover includes grooves to facilitate manual removal and insertion of said cover.

10. The adapter as claimed in Claim 2 wherein said standardized sample holder is a round vial capable of insertion within said first tubular extension, said main housing including a pair of springs capable of engaging said round vial and said springs retaining said round vial within a confluence of said sample area and said directed light path.

1 1 . The adapter as claimed in Claim 2 further comprising a cuvette adapter for insertion within said first tubular extension, and said standardized sample holder is a square cuvette capable of removable insertion within said cuvette adapter, said cuvette adapter including a pair of ribs and a pair of lenses, said main housing including a pair of springs each capable of engaging a corresponding one of said ribs and said springs retaining said cuvette adapter within a confluence of said sample area and said directed light path.

12. The adapter as claimed in Claim 11 wherein said cuvette adapter includes a tab, said first tubular extension includes a notch, and said tab and said notch are matingly configured so as to align said cuvette adapter such that said pair of lenses are located within said directed light path upon insertion of said cuvette adapter into said main housing.

13. The adapter as claimed in Claim 12 wherein said cuvette adapter includes lips to facilitate manual removal and insertion of said cuvette adapter.

14. The adapter as claimed in Claim 13 wherein said cuvette adapter includes a set screw to secure said square cuvette within said cuvette adapter.

15. The adapter as claimed in Claim 10 wherein said main housing further includes a foldable kickstand for supporting said adapter upon horizontal engagement of said adapter with said handheld optical spectral sensing device.

16. The adapter as claimed in Claim 11 wherein said main housing further includes a foldable kickstand for supporting said adapter upon horizontal engagement of said adapter with said handheld optical spectral sensing device.

17. An adapter for use in combination with a handheld optical spectral sensing device, said adapter comprising:

a housing forming a positive light seal with an operative end of said handheld optical spectral sensing device;

a sample area, disposed adjacent to said operative end, and dimensionally designed to match an active area of said handheld optical spectral sensing device; and

a prism dimensionally designed to form a directed light path from an light emitter of said handheld spectral sensing device through said sample area and returned to a light detector of said handheld spectral sensing device.

18. The adapter as claimed in Claim 17 further including a first transparent window and a second transparent window, said sample area being external to said housing and adjacent said first transparent window, said second transparent window being immediately adjacent to said operative end of said handheld optical spectral sensing device, and said prism being located between said first transparent window and said second transparent window.

19. The adapter as claimed in Claim 18 further including a calibrator for mating attachment in a first orientation with said housing during calibration of said handheld optical spectral sensing device, said calibrator including a white standard where said white standard abuts said first transparent window during said mating attachment in said first orientation.

20. The adapter as claimed in Claim 20 wherein said calibrator further includes a black standard opposite said white standard where said black standard abuts said first transparent window during said mating attachment in a second orientation.