WO2009102679A2 - Ultrasound atomization system - Google Patents
Ultrasound atomization system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009102679A2 WO2009102679A2 PCT/US2009/033614 US2009033614W WO2009102679A2 WO 2009102679 A2 WO2009102679 A2 WO 2009102679A2 US 2009033614 W US2009033614 W US 2009033614W WO 2009102679 A2 WO2009102679 A2 WO 2009102679A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- radiation surface
- fluid
- internal chamber
- horn
- chamber
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B17/00—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups
- B05B17/04—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods
- B05B17/06—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations
- B05B17/0607—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by electrical means, e.g. piezoelectric transducers
- B05B17/0623—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by electrical means, e.g. piezoelectric transducers coupled with a vibrating horn
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B17/00—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups
- B05B17/04—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods
- B05B17/06—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations
- B05B17/0607—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by electrical means, e.g. piezoelectric transducers
- B05B17/0623—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by electrical means, e.g. piezoelectric transducers coupled with a vibrating horn
- B05B17/063—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by electrical means, e.g. piezoelectric transducers coupled with a vibrating horn having an internal channel for supplying the liquid or other fluent material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B3/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for transmitting mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
- B06B3/04—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for transmitting mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency involving focusing or reflecting
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an apparatus utilizing ultrasonic waves traveling
- Liquid atomization is a process by which a liquid is separated into small droplets
- Ultrasonic atomization systems are examples of ultrasound atomization systems.
- ultrasonic atomizers are often utilized to apply coatings to various devices and
- the apparatus comprises a horn having an internal chamber including a back
- a transducer powered by a generator Connected to the horn's proximal end, a transducer powered by a generator induces ultrasonic vibrations within the horn. Traveling down the horn from the transducer to the horn's radiation surface, the ultrasonic vibrations induce the release of ultrasonic energy into the fluid to be atomized as it travels through the horn's internal chamber and exits the horn at the radiation surface. Controllably increasing the kinetic energy of the fluid, ultrasonic energy emitted into the fluid assists and/or drives fluid atomizatiort. Assisting and/or driving fluid atomization by utilizing ultrasonic energy to increase the kinetic energy of the fluid, the ultrasound atomization apparatus can preserve a desired spray pattern when changing environmental conditions would otherwise destroy the spray pattern and/or reduce atomization.
- the ultrasound atomization apparatus utilizes pressure changes within the fluid to create the kinetic energy that drives atomization.
- the fluid to be atomized enters the apparatus through a channel opening into the internal chamber.
- the fluid then flows through the chamber and into a channel extending from the chamber's front wall to the radiation surface. If the channel originating in the front wall of the internal chamber is narrower than the chamber, the pressure of the fluid flowing through the channel decreases as the fluid's velocity increases. Because the fluids kinetic energy is proportional to its velocity squared, the kinetic energy of the fluid increases as it flows through the channel. Breaking the attractive forces between the molecules of the fluid, the increased kinetic energy of the fluid causes the fluid to atomize as it exits the horn at the radiation surface.
- pressure driven fluid atomization can be adversely impacted by changes in environmental conditions.
- a change in the pressure of the environment into which the atomized fluid is to be sprayed may decrease the level of atomization and/or distort the spray pattern.
- the net pressure acting on the fluid is the difference of the pressure pushing the fluid through the atomizer and the pressure of the environment. It is the net pressure of the fluid that is converted to kinetic energy.
- the environmental pressure increases, the net pressure decreases, causing a reduction in the kinetic energy of the fluid exiting the horn.
- An increase in environmental pressure therefore, reduces the level of fluid atomization.
- the pressure of the environment into which the fluid is sprayed may increase for several reasons. For instance, natural weather patterns may result in an increase in environmental pressure.
- a chemical reaction in which the atomized fluid is a substrate may also cause an increase in environmental pressure.
- a chemical reaction in which the molecules of the atomized fluid are separated and/or otherwise broken apart into smaller molecules may lead to an increase in environmental pressure.
- the addition of reagents to the environment outside the horn, as to increase the yield of the chemical reaction may also increase the environmental pressure.
- ultrasonic energy emanating from various points of the horn may assist the atomization of the fluid as to counteract an increase in environmental pressure.
- activation of the transducer induces ultrasonic vibrations within the horn.
- the vibrations can be conceptualized as ultrasonic waves traveling from the proximal end to the distal end of the horn. As the ultrasonic vibrations travel down the length of the horn, the horn contracts and expands. However, the entire length of the horn is not expanding and contracting.
- the segments of the horn between the nodes of the ultrasonic vibrations are expanding and contracting.
- the portions of the horn lying exactly on the nodes of the ultrasonic vibrations are not expanding and contracting. Therefore, only the segments of the horn between the nodes are expanding and contracting, while the portions of the horn lying exactly on nodes are not moving. It is as if the ultrasound horn has been physically cut into separate pieces.
- the pieces of the horn corresponding to nodes of the ultrasonic vibrations arc held stationary, while the pieces of the horn corresponding to the regions between nodes are expanding and contracting. If the pieces of the horn corresponding to the regions between nodes were cut up into even smaller pieces, the pieces expanding and contracting the most would be the pieces corresponding to the antinodes of ultrasonic vibrations (points of maximum deflection or amplitude).
- the movement of the chamber's back wall increases the kinetic energy of the fluid traveling through the chamber.
- the increased kinetic energy of the fluid improves the atomization of the fluid as it exits at the radiation surface, thereby counteracting a decrease in atomization caused by changing environmental conditions.
- a counteracting increase in the kinetic energy of the fluid may also be induced from the ultrasonic vibrations emanating from the radiation surface.
- the radiation surface is also moving forwards and backwards when ultrasonic vibrations travel down the length of the horn. Consequently, as the radiation surface moves forward it strikes the fluid exiting the ho ⁇ i and the surrounding air.
- the radiation surface Striking the exiting fluid and suiTOunding air, the radiation surface emits, or induces, vibrations within the exiting fluid. As such, the kinetic energy of the exiting fluid increases. The increased kinetic energy further atomizes the fluid exiting at the radiation surface, thereby counteracting a decrease in atomization caused by changing environmental conditions.
- the increased kinetic energy imparted on the fluid by the movement of the chamber ' s back wall and/or the radiation surface can be controlled by adjusting the amplitude of the ultrasonic vibrations traveling down the length of the horn. Increasing the amplitude of the ultrasonic vibrations increases the amount of kinetic energy imparted on the fluid as it travels through the chamber and/or exits at the radiation surface. If the horn is ultrasonically vibrated in resonance by a piezoelectric transducer driven by an electrical signal supplied by a generator, then increasing the voltage of the electrical signal will increase the amplitude of the ultrasonic vibrations traveling down the horn.
- Adjusting the amplitude of the ultrasonic waves traveling down the length of the horn may be useful in focusing the atomized spray produced at the radiation surface.
- Creating a focused spray may be accomplished by utilizing the ultrasonic vibrations emanating from the radiation surface to confine and direct the spray pattern.
- Ultrasonic vibrations emanating from the radiation surface may direct and confine the vast majority of the atomized spray produced within the outer boundaries of the radiation surface,
- the level of confinement obtained by the ultrasonic vibrations emanating from the radiation surface depends upon the amplitude of the ultrasonic vibrations traveling down the horn, As such, increasing the amplitude of the ultrasonic vibrations passing through the horn may narrow the width of the spray pattern produced; thereby focusing the spray. For instance, if the spray is fanning too wide, increasing the amplitude of the ultrasonic vibrations may narrow the spray pattern. Conversely, if the spray is too narrow, then decreasing the amplitude of the ultrasonic vibrations may widen the spray pattern.
- Changing the geometric conformation of the radiation surface may also alter the shape of the spray pattern.
- Producing a roughly column-like spray pattern may be accomplished by utilizing a radiation surface with a planar face.
- Generating a spray pattern with a width smaller than the width of the horn may be accomplished by utilizing a tapered radiation surface.
- Further focusing of the spray may be accomplished by utilizing a concave radiation surface. In such a configuration, ultrasonic waves emanating from the concave radiation surface may focus the spray through the focus of the radiation surface.
- utilizing a radiation surface with slanted portions facing the central axis of the horn may be desirable. Ultrasonic waves emanating from the slanted portions of the radiation surface may direct the atomized spray inwards, towards the central axis.
- a focused spray is not desirable. For instance, it may be desirable to quickly apply an atomi/ed liquid to a large surface area.
- utilizing a convex radiation surface may produce a spray pattern with a width wider than that of the horn.
- the radiation surface utilized may possess any combination of the above mentioned configurations such as, but not limited to. an outer concave portion encircling an inner convex portion and/or an outer planar portion encompassing an inner conical portion. Inducing resonating vibrations within the horn facilitates the production of the spray patterns described above, but may not be necessary.
- Figures, Ia and Ib illustrate cross-sectional views of an embodiment of the ultrasound atomization apparatus.
- Figures 2a through 2e illustrate alternative embodiments of the radiation surface.
- FIGS. Ia and Ib illustrate an embodiment of the ultrasound atomization apparatus comprising a horn 101 and an ultrasound transducer 102 attached to the proximal surface 117 of horn 101 powered by generator ⁇ 16.
- ultrasound transducers and generators are well known in the art they need not be described in detail herein.
- Ultrasound horn 101 comprises a proximal surface 117, a radiation surface ⁇ 1 1 opposite proximal end 117. and at least one radial surface 118 extending between proximal surface 117 and radiation surface 111.
- ultrasound transducer 102 may be mechanically coupled to proximal surface 117. Mechanically coupling horn 101 to transducer 102 may be achieved by mechanically attaching (for example, securing with a threaded connection), adhesively attaching, and/or welding hom 101 to transducer 102.
- horn 101 and transducer 102 may be a single piece.
- driving transducer 102 with an electrical signal supplied from generator 116 induces ultrasonic vibrations 114 within horn 101.
- transducer 102 is a piezoelectric transducer, then the amplitude of the ultrasonic vibrations 114 traveling down the length of hom 101 may be increased by increasing the voltage of the electrical signal driving transducer 102. [00019] As the ultrasonic vibrations 114 travel down the length of horn 101. back wall
- back wall 104 oscillates back-and- forth.
- the back-and- forth movement of back wall 104 induces the release ultrasonic vibrations from lens 122 into the fluid inside chamber ⁇ 03,
- Positioning back wall 104 such that at least one point on lens 122 lies approximately on an antinode of the ultrasonic vibrations 114 passing through horn 101 may maximize the amount and/or amplitude of the ultrasonic vibrations emitted into the fluid in chamber 103.
- the center of lens 122 lies approximately on an antinode of the ultrasonic vibrations 114.
- the ultrasonic vibrations emanating from lens 122 represented by arrows 119, travel towards the front of chamber 103.
- front wall 105 it maybe desirable to position front wall 105 such that at least one point on front wall 105 lies on a node of the ultrasonic vibrations 114.
- the center of front wall 105 lies approximately on a node of the ultrasonic vibrations 114.
- the specific lens illustrated in Figure Ia contains a concave portion 123, If the concave portion 123 forms an overall parabolic configuration in at least two dimensions, then the ultrasonic vibrations depicted by arrows 119 emanating from concave portion 123 of lens 122 travel in an undisturbed pattern ⁇ f convergence towards the parabola's focus 124. As the ultrasonic vibrations 119 converge at focus 124, the ultrasonic energy carried by vibrations 119 may become focused at focus 124. The fluid passing through chamber 103 is therefore exposed to the greatest concentration of ultrasonic energy at focus 124. Consequently, the ultrasonic-ally induced increase in the kinetic energy of the fluid is greatest at focus 124.
- the ultrasonic lens within the back wall of the chamber may also contain convex portions.
- the ultrasonic lens within the back wall of the chamber may contain an outer concave portion encircling an inner convex portion
- Front wall J 05 of chamber 103 may contain slanted portion 125. as depicted in
- Slanted portion 125 of front wall 105 may runnel the fluid flowing through chamber 103 into channel 110. If the ultrasonic vibrations emanating from lens 122 are directed towards a point in close proximity to the opening of channel 1 ⁇ 0, it may be desirable for slanted portion 125 of front wall 105 to form an angle equal to or greater than the angle of convergence of the ultrasonic vibrations emitted from the peripheral boundaries of ultrasonic lens 122.
- the fluid and/or fluids to be atomized enter chamber 103 of the embodiments depicted in Figures Ia and Ib through at least one channel 109 originating in radial surface 118 and opening into chamber 103.
- channel 109 encompasses a node of the ultrasonic vibrations 114 traveling down the length of the horn 101 and/or emanating from lens 122.
- channel 109 may originate in radial surface 118 and open at back wall 104 into chamber 103.
- the fluid flows through chamber 103.
- the fluid then exits chamber 103 through channel 110, originating within front wall 105 and terminating within radiation surface 111.
- the pressure of the fluid decreases while its velocity increases.
- the pressure acting on the fluid is converted to kinetic energy. If the fluid gains sufficient kinetic energy as it passes through channel 110. then the attractive forces between the molecules of the fluid maybe broken, causing the fluid to atomize as it exits channel 110 at radiation surface 111.
- the maximum height (h) of chamber 103 should be larger than maximum width (w) of channel 110. Preferably, the maximum height of chamber 103 should be approximately 200 times larger than the maximum width of channel HO or greater.
- At least one point on radiation surface 111 lies approximately on an antinode of the ultrasonic vibrations 114 passing through horn 101.
- ultrasound horn 101 may further comprise cap 112 attached to its distal end.
- Cap 112 may be mechanically attached (for example, secured with a threaded connector), adhesively attached, and/or welded to the distal end of horn 101.
- Other means of attaching cap 112 to horn 101 readily recognizable to persons of ordinary skill in the art, may be used in combination with or in the alternative to the previously enumerated means.
- a removable cap 112 permits the level of fluid atomization and/or the spray pattern produced to be adjusted depending on need and/ or circumstances. For instance, the width of channel 110 may need to be adjusted to produce the desired level of atomization with different fluids.
- the geometrical configuration of the radiation surface may also need to be changed as to create the appropriate spray pattern for different applications. Attaching cap 112 to the present invention at approximately a nodal point of the ultrasonic vibrations 114 passing through horn 101 may help prevent the separation of cap 112 from horn 101 during operation.
- an ultrasound horn 101 in accordance with the present invention may possess a single channel 109 opening within side wall ⁇ 13 of chamber 103. If multiple channels 109 are utilized, they may be aligned along the central axis 120 of horn 101, as depicted in Figure Ia. Alternatively or in combination, channels 109 may be located on different platans, as depicted in Figure Ia, and/or the same platan, as depicted in Figure Ib.
- the fluid to be atomized may enter chamber 103 through a channel 121 originating in proximal surface 117 and opening within back wall 104. If fluids are be atomized by their passage through horn 101, then the maximum width (w * ) of channel 121 should be smaller than the maximum height of chamber 103. Preferably, the maximum height of chamber ⁇ 03 should be approximately twenty times larger than the maximum width of channel 121.
- a single channel may be used to deliver the fluids to be atomized into chamber
- horn 101 When horn 101 includes multiple channels opening into chamber 103, atomization of the fluids may be improved by delivering a gas into chamber 103 through at least one of the channels.
- Horn 10 ⁇ and chamber 103 may be cylindrical, as depicted in Figure I .
- Horn 101 and chamber 103 may also be constructed in other shapes and the shape of chamber 103 need not correspond to the shape of horn 101.
- the increase in the kinetic energy of the fluid caused by the exposure to ultrasonic vibrations 119 in chamber 103 and/or the fluid's passage through channel 110 may atomize the fluid exiting from horn 101 at radiation surface 111 .
- the energy carried by the ultrasonic vibrations emanating from radiation surface 111 may also atomize the exiting fluid.
- the ultrasonic vibrations emanating from radiation surface 111 may direct the atomized fluid spray,
- FIG. 2a -2e illustrate alternative embodiments of the radiation surface
- Figures 2a and 2b depict radiation surfaces 111 comprising a planar face producing a roughly column-1ike spray pattern.
- Radiation surface 111 may be tapered such that it is narrower than the width of the horn in at least one dimension oriented orthogonal to the central axis 120 of the horn, as depicted Figure 2b.
- Ultrasonic vibrations emanating from the radiation surfaces 111 depicted in Figures 2a and 2b may direct and confine the vast majority of spray 201 ejected from channel 110 to the outer boundaries of the radiation surfaces 111. Consequently, the majority of spray 201 emitted from channel 110 in Figures 4a and 4b is initially confined to the geometric boundaries of the respective radiation surfaces.
- the ultrasonic vibrations emitted from the convex portion 203 of the radiation surface 111 depicted in Figure 2c directs spray 201 radially and longitudinally away from radiation surface 111.
- the ultrasonic vibrations emanating from the concave portion 204 of the radiation surface 111 depicted in Figure 2e focuses spray 201 through focus 202. Maximizing the focusing of spray 201 towards focus 202 may be accomplished by constructing radiation surface 111 such that focus 202 is the focus of an overall parabolic configuration formed in at least two dimensions by concave portion 204.
- the radiation surface 111 may also possess a conical portion 205 as depicted in Figure 2d.
- Ultrasonic vibrations emanating from the conical portion 205 direct the atomized spray 201 inwards.
- the radiation surface may possess any combination of the above mentioned configurations such as, but not limited to. an outer concave portion encircling an inner convex portion and/or an outer planar portion encompassing an inner conical portion.
- adjusting the amplitude of the ultrasonic vibrations traveling down the length of the horn may be useful in focusing the atomized spray produced.
- the level of confinement obtained by the ultrasonic vibrations emanating from the radiation surface and/or the ultrasonic energy the vibrations carry depends upon the amplitude of the ultrasonic vibrations traveling down horn.
- increasing the amplitude of the ultrasonic vibrations may narrow the width of the spray pattern produced; thereby focusing the spray produced. For instance, if the fluid spray exceeds the geometric bounds of the radiation surface, i.e. is fanning too wide, increasing the amplitude of the ultrasonic vibrations may narrow the spray.
- the spray is too narrow, then decreasing the amplitude of the ultrasonic vibrations may widen the spray. If the horn is vibrated in resonance by a piezoelectric transducer attached to its proximal end, increasing the amplitude of the ultrasonic vibrations traveling down the length of the horn may be accomplished by increasing the voltage of the electrical signal driving the transducer.
- the horn may be capable of vibrating in resonance at a frequency of approximately 16 kHz or greater.
- the ultrasonic vibrations traveling down the horn may have an amplitude of approximately 1 micron or greater. It is preferred that the horn be capable of vibrating in resonance at a frequency between approximately 20 kHz and approximately 200 kHz. It is recommended that the horn be capable of vibrating in resonance at a frequency of approximately 30 kHz.
- the signal driving the ultrasound transducer may be a sinusoidal wave, square wave, triangular wave, trapezoidal wave, or any combination thereof, [00037
- the present invention relates to an apparatus utilizing ultrasonic waves traveling through a horn and/or resonant structure to atomize and/or assist in the atomization of fluids
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP09710090A EP2252406A2 (en) | 2008-02-12 | 2009-02-10 | Ultrasound atomization system |
JP2010546099A JP2011511708A (en) | 2008-02-12 | 2009-02-10 | Ultrasonic spray system |
CN200980112649XA CN102046297A (en) | 2008-02-12 | 2009-02-10 | Ultrasound atomization system |
AU2009214962A AU2009214962A1 (en) | 2008-02-12 | 2009-02-10 | Ultrasound atomization system |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/029,507 | 2008-02-12 | ||
US12/029,507 US7830070B2 (en) | 2008-02-12 | 2008-02-12 | Ultrasound atomization system |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2009102679A2 true WO2009102679A2 (en) | 2009-08-20 |
WO2009102679A3 WO2009102679A3 (en) | 2009-11-12 |
Family
ID=40938068
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2009/033614 WO2009102679A2 (en) | 2008-02-12 | 2009-02-10 | Ultrasound atomization system |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7830070B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2252406A2 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2011511708A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20100131999A (en) |
CN (1) | CN102046297A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2009214962A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2009102679A2 (en) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2009102679A3 (en) | 2009-11-12 |
US20090200390A1 (en) | 2009-08-13 |
JP2011511708A (en) | 2011-04-14 |
CN102046297A (en) | 2011-05-04 |
KR20100131999A (en) | 2010-12-16 |
EP2252406A2 (en) | 2010-11-24 |
AU2009214962A1 (en) | 2009-08-20 |
US7830070B2 (en) | 2010-11-09 |
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