WO2009056759A2 - Double-shoulder single-actuator welding device and method for welding components using friction stir welding - Google Patents

Double-shoulder single-actuator welding device and method for welding components using friction stir welding Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009056759A2
WO2009056759A2 PCT/FR2008/051943 FR2008051943W WO2009056759A2 WO 2009056759 A2 WO2009056759 A2 WO 2009056759A2 FR 2008051943 W FR2008051943 W FR 2008051943W WO 2009056759 A2 WO2009056759 A2 WO 2009056759A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
welding
shoulder
welded
parts
main body
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PCT/FR2008/051943
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French (fr)
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WO2009056759A3 (en
Inventor
Baptiste Guerin
Daniel Aliaga
François MARIE
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European Aeronautic Defence And Space Company Eads France
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Application filed by European Aeronautic Defence And Space Company Eads France filed Critical European Aeronautic Defence And Space Company Eads France
Publication of WO2009056759A2 publication Critical patent/WO2009056759A2/en
Publication of WO2009056759A3 publication Critical patent/WO2009056759A3/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
    • B23K20/126—Workpiece support, i.e. backing or clamping
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
    • B23K20/1255—Tools therefor, e.g. characterised by the shape of the probe

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a double-shoulder welding device for friction stir welding, also known as "Friction Stir Welding Bobbin-Tool".
  • the invention also relates to a welding method using such a device.
  • the invention finds applications in any field requiring welding edge to edge or covering two parts that can be of metal alloys of all kinds, including aluminum alloy.
  • Such a welding device is particularly suitable for welding aircraft fuselage panels, but also for welding thicker panels such as those used at the wing or the central wing box, as well as for welding any structural element of spacecraft, missile, motor vehicle etc.
  • Such a device comprises a kneading pin for traversing the material to be welded and kneading as the progress of the welding device, and a lower shoulder and an upper shoulder.
  • the lower shoulder is fixedly mounted or in translation on the kneading pin while the upper shoulder is mounted in translation along the kneading pin. It is thus possible to have a variable spacing between the two shoulders between which the parts to be welded are intended to be housed.
  • the double-shoulder welding device makes it possible to create a heating on both sides of the welded joint and thus to have a better thermal distribution.
  • the lower shoulder takes the pressure force exerted by the upper shoulder which allows to weld parts that are not able to resume the forging force of a conventional tool or retractable pin.
  • Such a double-shoulder welding device requires complex equipment comprising a welding head with two actuators, each driving a shoulder. This tends to increase the bulk of the welding device as a whole and makes the robotization of the welding process using such a welding device more complex.
  • a double-shoulder welding device for friction stir welding of parts, in which the clamping force generated between the shoulders does not require a large and complex actuator.
  • the pinching force between the shoulders is generated by a spring, or any other elastic means, which is compressed by the upper shoulder before the welding device is started, and which in reaction pushes the upper shoulder against a face top of the parts to be welded during the entire duration of the actual welding step.
  • the lower shoulder is fixed on the kneading pin of the welding device so as to rub against a lower face of the parts to be welded.
  • the welding force is thus fixed even before controlling the welding device along the parts to be welded, by tightening the shoulders on the parts to be welded and compression of the spring.
  • the flexibility of the spring used is a function of the intensity of the force to be applied to the parts to be welded.
  • the invention therefore relates to a friction stir welding device with double shoulder, comprising a kneading pin fixedly mounted on a main body of a welding head of said device, a lower shoulder and an upper shoulder, the lower shoulder. being mounted on the kneading pin so that it can be locked at the bottom of said kneading pin, characterized in that the upper shoulder is mounted on the knurling pin so that a position of the upper shoulder around the mixing pin may be fixed by compression of elastic means disposed between the main body and the upper shoulder, depending on a nipping force that is desired to apply to the elements to be welded.
  • the lower and upper shoulders are mounted around the kneading pin so as to provide a space between the two shoulders in which are housed the parts to be welded. It is possible to modify the position of the lower shoulder at the bottom of the kneading pin, for example by screwing it onto the kneading pin, so as to lower or mount said lower shoulder on said pin.
  • the lower shoulder can be locked in the chosen position by means of a nut.
  • the elastic means are for example one or more belleville washers, whose number and compliance may be variable depending on the parts to be welded, that is to say, their nature, their size and their end use.
  • the greater the necessary pinching force the more the elastic means are compressed by raising the lower shoulder along the kneading pin, which by reaction also raises the upper shoulder which compresses the elastic means. .
  • the compression of the elastic means is upstream of the actual use of the welding device, so that the clamping force is fixed even before the start of the welding device.
  • the upper shoulder is mounted fixed in rotation and free in translation on the main body.
  • the rotation of the main body causes the rotation of the upper shoulder, which can however slide along the main body and the kneading pin, so as to compress more or less the elastic means depending on the compression ratio that the we wish to have.
  • the position of the upper shoulder along the kneading pin can be limited by a high stop and a low stop, allowing to fix a minimum compression and a maximum compression elastic means.
  • the subject of the invention is also a process for welding parts by friction stirring by means of the double-shoulder welding device according to the invention, characterized in that it comprises the following additional steps:
  • the parts to be welded are brought into the position that it is desired to obtain at the end of welding between the shoulders of the welding device;
  • the lower shoulder is moved along the kneading pin so as to apply said shoulder against a lower face of the parts to be welded;
  • the welding device is piloted along the parts to be welded.
  • Tightening the nut, or any other means of fixing the lower shoulder, against said lower shoulder makes it possible to push the upper shoulder towards the main body, by compressing the elastic means. It is then the compression of the spring upstream even of the welding as such that sets the welding force applied to the parts to be welded. There is no need for a specific and bulky actuator to apply a force on each of the shoulders.
  • a stiffly stiff elastic means is used, so that the welding device applies a force on the parts to be welded which can decrease when the shoulders approach. This results in a welded joint thickness that varies very little, comparable to the welded joint that is obtained by using a welding device with double shoulder monoblock, that is to say with shoulders fixed on the kneading pin.
  • a low stiffness elastic means is used, so that the welding device applies a nearly constant force, even in the case where the thickness of the parts to be welded varies slightly from one end to the other of the welded joint that the we want to get.
  • FIG. 1 A schematic representation in partial cross section of a welding head of a double-shoulder welding device according to a first embodiment of the invention, wherein the upper shoulder is fixed in rotation;
  • FIG. 2 A schematic representation in partial cross-section of a double-shoulder welding device according to a second embodiment of the invention, wherein the upper shoulder is free to rotate, when used to weld two plates edge to edge.
  • FIG. 3 A schematic representation in partial cross section of a double-shoulder welding device of Figure 1, when used to weld two edge-to-edge sheets.
  • FIG. 1 is shown a welding head 1 of a double-shoulder welding device according to the invention.
  • the welding head 1 comprises a main body 2 intended to be recessed on a head of the welding device (not shown), two shoulders 3, 4 and a kneading pin 5. More specifically, an upper shoulder 3 is mounted in translation in translation. upper part 6 of the kneading pin, while a lower shoulder 4 is mounted at the bottom 7 of said kneading pin 5. A high end 8 of said kneading pin 5 is screwed or embedded in the main body. The lower shoulder 4 can be screwed and unscrewed along the lower portion 7 of the kneading pin 5, depending on the use that is desired of the welding device, and the position of said lower shoulder 4 along the pin 5 is held by a nut 9.
  • the upper shoulder 3 has a cylindrical tubular shape and has a U-shaped cross-section.
  • a lower end 10 of the main body 2 is housed in the internal volume 11 of the upper shoulder 3, said upper shoulder 3 being able to slide along of the lower end 10 of the main body 2.
  • a key 14 makes it possible to link in rotation the main body 2 and the upper shoulder 3 so that the rotation of the main body causes the upper shoulder 3 to rotate. sliding of the upper shoulder 3 along the lower end 10 of the main body 2 is limited by a lower stop 15.
  • belleville washers 12 are arranged in the internal volume 11, between the lower end 10 of the main body 2 and a bearing wall 13 of the upper shoulder 3, intended to come into contact with the parts to be welded.
  • the bearing surface 23 of the upper shoulder 3 and the bearing surface 21 of the lower shoulder 4 have a diameter close to that of the belleville washers 12.
  • the bearing surfaces 21, 23, or at least one of the shoulders 3, 4 have a diameter completely different from the diameter of said washers 12.
  • FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of the welding head 1 according to the invention, the upper shoulder 3 being here free in rotation and in translation relative to the main body 2.
  • the upper shoulder 3 is mounted in translation in the upper part 6 of the kneading pin 5 so as to slide along the end 10 of the main body 2, the sliding being limited by an upper stop 25 and a stop 26 low flanking a stud 17.
  • a thrust ball 16 between the lower end 10 of the main body 2 and the spring washers 12, said thrust bearing 16 being attached to the lower end 10 of the main body. The thrust bearing 16 eliminates friction between the upper shoulder 3 and the main body 2 during the rotation of said main body 2.
  • FIG. 3 representing the welding head 2 of FIG. 1 during an edge-to-edge welding of two sheets 18, 19, said sheets 18, 19 are placed in a space 20 formed between the two shoulders. 3, 4, by joining one edge of the first sheet 18 against an edge of the second sheet 19.
  • the lower shoulder 4 is then raised up along the lower part 7 of the kneading pin 5 by screwing said lower shoulder 4 onto said peg 5, until the bearing surface 21 of the lower shoulder 4 comes to the contact of a lower face 22 of the plates 18, 19.
  • Screwing is continued so as to raise the sheets 18, 19 towards the bearing surface 23 of the upper shoulder 3, until an upper face 24 of the plates 18, 19 is in contact with said surface. 23.
  • the lower shoulder 4 is still screwed in the direction of the upper shoulder 3, so as to push the upper shoulder 3 by sliding towards the main body 2, and to compress the washers 12.
  • the lower shoulder 4 is held in position on the peg 5 by virtue of the nut 9, which maintains the crushing of the washers 12 and the position of the upper shoulder 3
  • the washers 12 will thus restore a pinching force on the upper shoulder 3 and by reaction on the lower shoulder 4 during all the time of the piloting of the welding device along the contiguous edges of the sheets 18, 19.
  • the welding device according to the invention makes it possible to carry out friction stir welding, with an intensity welding force set in advance according to the needs.
  • the welding head 1 can be secured to any welding device, without the need to provide specific actuators for controlling the shoulders 3, 4.

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for welding components (17, 18) by double-shoulder friction stir welding, comprising a mixing pin (5), a lower shoulder (4) and an upper shoulder (3), the lower shoulder being mounted on the mixing pin in such a way that it can be immobilized in the bottom part (7) of the said mixing pin, the upper shoulder being mounted on the mixing pin in such a way that a position of the upper shoulder about the mixing pin can be set by compressing elastic means (12) arranged between the main body and the upper shoulder, according to a clamping force that is to be applied to the components that are to be welded. The invention also relates to a method of friction stir welding using a welding device according to the invention.

Description

DISPOSITIF DE SOUDAGE A DOUBLE EPAULEMENT DOUBLE-SHOULDER WELDING DEVICE
ET ACTIONNEUR UNIQUE ET PROCEDE DE SOUDAGEAND SINGLE ACTUATOR AND WELDING METHOD
DE PIÈCES PAR FRICTION MALAXAGEPIECES BY FRICTION MIXING
L'invention concerne un dispositif de soudage à double épaulement pour le soudage de pièces par friction malaxage, également appelé «Friction Stir Welding Bobbin-Tool ». L'invention concerne également un procédé de soudage utilisant un tel dispositif. L'invention trouve des applications dans tout domaine nécessitant de souder bord à bord ou par recouvrement deux pièces qui peuvent être en alliages métalliques de toutes sortes, et notamment en alliage d'aluminium. Un tel dispositif de soudage est tout particulièrement adapté au soudage de panneaux de fuselage d'aéronefs, mais également au soudage de panneaux plus épais tels que ceux utilisés au niveau de la voilure ou du caisson central de voilure, ainsi qu'au soudage de tout élément de structure de véhicule spatial, de missile, de véhicule automobile etc.The invention relates to a double-shoulder welding device for friction stir welding, also known as "Friction Stir Welding Bobbin-Tool". The invention also relates to a welding method using such a device. The invention finds applications in any field requiring welding edge to edge or covering two parts that can be of metal alloys of all kinds, including aluminum alloy. Such a welding device is particularly suitable for welding aircraft fuselage panels, but also for welding thicker panels such as those used at the wing or the central wing box, as well as for welding any structural element of spacecraft, missile, motor vehicle etc.
Un tel dispositif comporte un pion de malaxage destiné à traverser la matière à souder et à la malaxer au fur et à mesure de l'avancement du dispositif de soudage, ainsi qu'un épaulement inférieur et un épaulement supérieur. L'épaulement inférieur est monté fixe ou en translation sur le pion de malaxage tandis que l'épaulement supérieur est monté en translation le long du pion de malaxage. Il est ainsi possible d'avoir un écartement variable entre les deux épaulements entre lesquels les pièces à souder sont destinées à être logées. Le dispositif de soudage à double épaulement permet de créer un échauffement des deux côtés du joint soudé et donc d'avoir une meilleure répartition thermique. De plus, l'épaulement inférieur reprend la force de pression exercée par l'épaulement supérieur ce qui permet de souder des pièces qui ne sont pas capables de reprendre l'effort de forgeage d'un outil conventionnel ou à pion rétractable.Such a device comprises a kneading pin for traversing the material to be welded and kneading as the progress of the welding device, and a lower shoulder and an upper shoulder. The lower shoulder is fixedly mounted or in translation on the kneading pin while the upper shoulder is mounted in translation along the kneading pin. It is thus possible to have a variable spacing between the two shoulders between which the parts to be welded are intended to be housed. The double-shoulder welding device makes it possible to create a heating on both sides of the welded joint and thus to have a better thermal distribution. In addition, the lower shoulder takes the pressure force exerted by the upper shoulder which allows to weld parts that are not able to resume the forging force of a conventional tool or retractable pin.
Un tel dispositif de soudage à double épaulement nécessite un équipement complexe comportant une tête de soudage à deux actionneurs, chacun pilotant un épaulement. Cela tend à augmenter l'encombrement du dispositif de soudage dans son ensemble et complexifie la robotisation du procédé de soudage utilisant un tel dispositif de soudage.Such a double-shoulder welding device requires complex equipment comprising a welding head with two actuators, each driving a shoulder. This tends to increase the bulk of the welding device as a whole and makes the robotization of the welding process using such a welding device more complex.
Dans l'invention, on cherche à fournir un dispositif de soudage à double épaulement à actionneur unique et dont l'encombrement est réduit. Un autre but de l'invention est de fournir un tel dispositif de soudage dont la robotisation est aisée à mettre en œuvre.In the invention, it is sought to provide a welding device to double shoulder with single actuator and whose size is reduced. Another object of the invention is to provide such a welding device whose robotization is easy to implement.
Pour cela, dans l'invention, on propose un dispositif de soudage à double épaulement, pour le soudage de pièces par friction malaxage, dans lequel l'effort de pincement généré entre les épaulements ne nécessite pas d'actionneur volumineux et complexe. L'effort de pincement entre les épaulements est généré par un ressort, ou tout autre moyen élastique, qui est comprimé par l'épaulement supérieur avant la mise en marche du dispositif de soudage, et qui en réaction repousse l'épaulement supérieur contre une face supérieure des pièces à souder pendant tout le temps que dure l'étape de soudage proprement dite. L'épaulement inférieur, lui, est fixé sur le pion de malaxage du dispositif de soudage de manière à frotter contre une face inférieure des pièces à souder. L'effort de soudage est ainsi fixé avant même le pilotage du dispositif de soudage le long des pièces à souder, par resserrement des épaulements sur les pièces à souder et compression du ressort. Avantageusement, la flexibilité du ressort utilisée est fonction de l'intensité de l'effort à appliquer sur les pièces à souder.For this, in the invention, there is provided a double-shoulder welding device, for friction stir welding of parts, in which the clamping force generated between the shoulders does not require a large and complex actuator. The pinching force between the shoulders is generated by a spring, or any other elastic means, which is compressed by the upper shoulder before the welding device is started, and which in reaction pushes the upper shoulder against a face top of the parts to be welded during the entire duration of the actual welding step. The lower shoulder is fixed on the kneading pin of the welding device so as to rub against a lower face of the parts to be welded. The welding force is thus fixed even before controlling the welding device along the parts to be welded, by tightening the shoulders on the parts to be welded and compression of the spring. Advantageously, the flexibility of the spring used is a function of the intensity of the force to be applied to the parts to be welded.
L'invention a donc pour objet un dispositif de soudage par friction malaxage à double épaulement, comportant un pion de malaxage monté fixe sur un corps principal d'une tête de soudage dudit dispositif, un épaulement inférieur et un épaulement supérieur, l'épaulement inférieur étant monté sur le pion de malaxage de manière qu'il puisse être bloqué en partie basse dudit pion de malaxage, caractérisé en ce que l'épaulement supérieur est monté sur le pion de malaxage de manière qu'une position de l'épaulement supérieur autour du pion de malaxage puisse être fixée par compression de moyens élastiques disposés entre le corps principal et l'épaulement supérieur, en fonction d'un effort de pincement que l'on souhaite appliquer sur les éléments à souder.The invention therefore relates to a friction stir welding device with double shoulder, comprising a kneading pin fixedly mounted on a main body of a welding head of said device, a lower shoulder and an upper shoulder, the lower shoulder. being mounted on the kneading pin so that it can be locked at the bottom of said kneading pin, characterized in that the upper shoulder is mounted on the knurling pin so that a position of the upper shoulder around the mixing pin may be fixed by compression of elastic means disposed between the main body and the upper shoulder, depending on a nipping force that is desired to apply to the elements to be welded.
Les épaulements inférieur et supérieur sont montés autour du pion de malaxage de manière à ménager un espace entre les deux épaulements dans lequel sont logés les pièces à souder. On peut modifier la position de l'épaulement inférieur en partie basse du pion de malaxage par exemple par vissage sur le pion de malaxage, de manière à descendre ou monter ledit épaulement inférieur sur ledit pion. L'épaulement inférieur peut être bloqué dans la position choisie au moyen d'un écrou. Les moyens élastiques sont par exemple une ou plusieurs rondelles bellevilles, dont le nombre et la compliance peuvent être variables en fonction des pièces à souder, c'est-à-dire de leur nature, de leurs dimensions et de leur utilisation finale.The lower and upper shoulders are mounted around the kneading pin so as to provide a space between the two shoulders in which are housed the parts to be welded. It is possible to modify the position of the lower shoulder at the bottom of the kneading pin, for example by screwing it onto the kneading pin, so as to lower or mount said lower shoulder on said pin. The lower shoulder can be locked in the chosen position by means of a nut. The elastic means are for example one or more belleville washers, whose number and compliance may be variable depending on the parts to be welded, that is to say, their nature, their size and their end use.
D'une manière générale, plus l'effort de pincement nécessaire est important, plus on comprime les moyens élastiques en remontant l'épaulement inférieur le long du pion de malaxage, ce qui par réaction remonte également l'épaulement supérieur qui comprime les moyens élastiques. La compression des moyens élastiques se fait en amont de l'utilisation proprement dite du dispositif pour souder, de sorte que l'effort de pincement est fixé avant même la mise en route du dispositif de soudage.In general, the greater the necessary pinching force, the more the elastic means are compressed by raising the lower shoulder along the kneading pin, which by reaction also raises the upper shoulder which compresses the elastic means. . The compression of the elastic means is upstream of the actual use of the welding device, so that the clamping force is fixed even before the start of the welding device.
Avantageusement, l'épaulement supérieur est monté fixe en rotation et libre en translation sur le corps principal. Ainsi, la rotation du corps principal entraîne la rotation de l'épaulement supérieur, qui peut cependant coulisser le long du corps principal et du pion de malaxage, de manière à comprimer plus ou moins les moyens élastiques en fonction du taux de compression que l'on souhaite avoir. Autrement, il est possible de monter l'épaulement supérieur libre en rotation et libre en translation sur le corps principal.Advantageously, the upper shoulder is mounted fixed in rotation and free in translation on the main body. Thus, the rotation of the main body causes the rotation of the upper shoulder, which can however slide along the main body and the kneading pin, so as to compress more or less the elastic means depending on the compression ratio that the we wish to have. Otherwise, it is possible to mount the free upper shoulder in rotation and free in translation on the main body.
La position de l'épaulement supérieur le long du pion de malaxage, c'est-à-dire l'amplitude de la translation, peut être limitée par une butée haute et une butée basse, permettant de fixer une compression minimum et une compression maximum des moyens élastiques.The position of the upper shoulder along the kneading pin, that is to say the amplitude of the translation, can be limited by a high stop and a low stop, allowing to fix a minimum compression and a maximum compression elastic means.
L'invention a également pour objet un procédé de soudage de pièces par friction malaxage au moyen du dispositif de soudage à double épaulement selon l'invention, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte les étapes supplémentaires suivantes :The subject of the invention is also a process for welding parts by friction stirring by means of the double-shoulder welding device according to the invention, characterized in that it comprises the following additional steps:
- on amène les pièces à souder, dans la position que l'on souhaite obtenir en fin de soudage, entre les épaulements du dispositif de soudage ;the parts to be welded are brought into the position that it is desired to obtain at the end of welding between the shoulders of the welding device;
- on déplace l'épaulement inférieur le long du pion de malaxage de manière à appliquer ledit épaulement contre une face inférieure des pièces à souder ;- The lower shoulder is moved along the kneading pin so as to apply said shoulder against a lower face of the parts to be welded;
- on poursuit le déplacement du pion inférieur en direction des pièces à souder, de manière à comprimer les moyens élastiques situés entre l'épaulement supérieur et le corps principal de la tête de soudage, et ainsi fixer l'effort de pincement souhaité entre les deux épaulements ; - on bloque l'épaulement inférieur en position sur le pion de malaxage ;the displacement of the lower pin in the direction of the parts to be welded, so as to compress the elastic means situated between the upper shoulder and the main body of the welding head, and thus to fix the desired pinching force between the two shoulders; - The lower shoulder is locked in position on the kneading pin;
- on pilote le dispositif de soudage le long des pièces à souder.the welding device is piloted along the parts to be welded.
Le serrage de l'écrou, ou de tout autre moyen de fixation de l'épaulement inférieur, contre ledit épaulement inférieur permet de repousser l'épaulement supérieur en direction du corps principal, par compression des moyens élastiques. C'est alors la compression du ressort en amont même du soudage en tant que tel qui fixe l'effort de soudage appliqué sur les pièces à souder. Il n'y a pas besoin d'actionneur spécifique et encombrant pour appliquer un effort sur chacun des épaulements.Tightening the nut, or any other means of fixing the lower shoulder, against said lower shoulder makes it possible to push the upper shoulder towards the main body, by compressing the elastic means. It is then the compression of the spring upstream even of the welding as such that sets the welding force applied to the parts to be welded. There is no need for a specific and bulky actuator to apply a force on each of the shoulders.
Selon des exemples de mise en œuvre du procédé selon l'invention, il est possible de prévoir tout ou partie des étapes supplémentaires suivantes :According to examples of implementation of the method according to the invention, it is possible to provide all or part of the following additional steps:
- On utilise un moyen élastique à raideur forte, de manière que le dispositif de soudage applique un effort sur les pièces à souder qui puisse diminuer lorsque les épaulements se rapprochent. On obtient ainsi une épaisseur de joint soudé qui varie très peu, comparable au joint soudé qu'on obtient en utilisant un dispositif de soudage à double épaulement monobloc, c'est-à-dire avec épaulements fixes sur le pion de malaxage.- A stiffly stiff elastic means is used, so that the welding device applies a force on the parts to be welded which can decrease when the shoulders approach. This results in a welded joint thickness that varies very little, comparable to the welded joint that is obtained by using a welding device with double shoulder monoblock, that is to say with shoulders fixed on the kneading pin.
- On utilise un moyen élastique à raideur faible, de manière que le dispositif de soudage applique un effort quasi constant, même dans le cas où l'épaisseur des pièces à souder varie légèrement d'un bout à l'autre du joint soudé que l'on souhaite obtenir.- A low stiffness elastic means is used, so that the welding device applies a nearly constant force, even in the case where the thickness of the parts to be welded varies slightly from one end to the other of the welded joint that the we want to get.
- On soude deux tôles bord à bord, le pion de malaxage se déplaçant le long de deux rebords accolés des tôles à souder. Le joint soudé obtenu s'étend ainsi le long desdits bords accolés des tôles.- Two plates are welded edge to edge, the kneading pin moving along two contiguous edges of the sheets to be welded. The welded joint obtained thus extends along said contiguous edges of the sheets.
- On soude deux tôles par recouvrement, le pion de malaxage traversant une épaisseur cumulée des deux tôles à souder.- Two sheets are welded by overlap, the kneading pin passing through a cumulative thickness of the two sheets to be welded.
L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui suit et à l'examen des figures qui l'accompagnent. Celles-ci sont présentées à titre indicatif et nullement limitatif de l'invention. Les figures représentent :The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows and on examining the figures which accompany it. These are presented as an indication and in no way limitative of the invention. The figures represent:
- Figure 1 : Une représentation schématique en coupe transversale partielle d'une tête de soudage d'un dispositif de soudage à double épaulement selon un premier exemple de réalisation de l'invention, dans lequel l'épaulement supérieur est fixe en rotation ;- Figure 1: A schematic representation in partial cross section of a welding head of a double-shoulder welding device according to a first embodiment of the invention, wherein the upper shoulder is fixed in rotation;
- Figure 2 : Une représentation schématique en coupe transversale partielle d'un dispositif de soudage à double épaulement selon un second exemple de réalisation de l'invention, dans lequel l'épaulement supérieur est libre en rotation, lors d'une utilisation pour souder deux tôles bord à bord.FIG. 2: A schematic representation in partial cross-section of a double-shoulder welding device according to a second embodiment of the invention, wherein the upper shoulder is free to rotate, when used to weld two plates edge to edge.
- Figure 3 : Une représentation schématique en coupe transversale partielle d'un dispositif de soudage à double épaulement de la figure 1 , lors d'une utilisation pour souder deux tôles bord à bord.- Figure 3: A schematic representation in partial cross section of a double-shoulder welding device of Figure 1, when used to weld two edge-to-edge sheets.
Sur la figure 1 est représentée une tête de soudage 1 d'un dispositif de soudage à double épaulement selon l'invention.In Figure 1 is shown a welding head 1 of a double-shoulder welding device according to the invention.
La tête de soudage 1 comporte un corps principal 2 destiné à être encastré sur une tête du dispositif de soudage (non représentée), deux épaulements 3, 4 et un pion de malaxage 5. Plus précisément, un épaulement supérieur 3 est monté en translation en partie haute 6 du pion de malaxage, tandis qu'un épaulement inférieur 4 est monté en partie basse 7 dudit pion de malaxage 5. Une extrémité haute 8 dudit pion de malaxage 5 est vissée ou encastrée dans le corps principal. L'épaulement inférieur 4 peut être vissé et dévissé le long de la partie basse 7 du pion de malaxage 5, en fonction de l'utilisation que l'on souhaite faire du dispositif de soudage, et la position dudit épaulement inférieur 4 le long du pion 5 est maintenue par un écrou 9.The welding head 1 comprises a main body 2 intended to be recessed on a head of the welding device (not shown), two shoulders 3, 4 and a kneading pin 5. More specifically, an upper shoulder 3 is mounted in translation in translation. upper part 6 of the kneading pin, while a lower shoulder 4 is mounted at the bottom 7 of said kneading pin 5. A high end 8 of said kneading pin 5 is screwed or embedded in the main body. The lower shoulder 4 can be screwed and unscrewed along the lower portion 7 of the kneading pin 5, depending on the use that is desired of the welding device, and the position of said lower shoulder 4 along the pin 5 is held by a nut 9.
L'épaulement supérieur 3 a une forme tubulaire cylindrique et présente une coupe transversale en U. Ainsi, une extrémité basse 10 du corps principal 2 est logée dans le volume interne 11 de l'épaulement supérieur 3, ledit épaulement supérieur 3 pouvant coulisser le long de l'extrémité basse 10 du corps principal 2. Une clavette 14 permet de lier en rotation le corps principal 2 et l'épaulement supérieur 3 de sorte que la mise en rotation du corps principal entraîne la rotation de l'épaulement supérieur 3. Le coulissement de l'épaulement supérieur 3 le long de l'extrémité basse 10 du corps principal 2 est limité par une butée basse 15.The upper shoulder 3 has a cylindrical tubular shape and has a U-shaped cross-section. Thus, a lower end 10 of the main body 2 is housed in the internal volume 11 of the upper shoulder 3, said upper shoulder 3 being able to slide along of the lower end 10 of the main body 2. A key 14 makes it possible to link in rotation the main body 2 and the upper shoulder 3 so that the rotation of the main body causes the upper shoulder 3 to rotate. sliding of the upper shoulder 3 along the lower end 10 of the main body 2 is limited by a lower stop 15.
Par ailleurs, des rondelles bellevilles 12 sont disposées dans le volume interne 11 , entre l'extrémité basse 10 du corps principal 2 et une paroi d'appui 13 de l'épaulement supérieur 3, destinée à venir au contact des pièces à souder.Furthermore, belleville washers 12 are arranged in the internal volume 11, between the lower end 10 of the main body 2 and a bearing wall 13 of the upper shoulder 3, intended to come into contact with the parts to be welded.
La surface d'appui 23 de l'épaulement supérieur 3 et la surface d'appui 21 de l'épaulement inférieur 4 ont un diamètre proche de celui des rondelles bellevilles 12. Bien entendu, dans un autre exemple de réalisation, on peut prévoir que les surfaces d'appui 21 , 23, ou au moins une, des épaulements 3, 4 aient un diamètre complètement différent du diamètre desdites rondelles 12.The bearing surface 23 of the upper shoulder 3 and the bearing surface 21 of the lower shoulder 4 have a diameter close to that of the belleville washers 12. Of course, in another embodiment, it can be provided that the bearing surfaces 21, 23, or at least one of the shoulders 3, 4 have a diameter completely different from the diameter of said washers 12.
Sur la figure 2 est représenté un second exemple de réalisation de la tête de soudage 1 selon l'invention, l'épaulement supérieur 3 étant ici libre en rotation et en translation par rapport au corps principal 2.FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of the welding head 1 according to the invention, the upper shoulder 3 being here free in rotation and in translation relative to the main body 2.
Plus précisément, l'épaulement supérieur 3 est monté en translation en partie haute 6 du pion de malaxage 5 de manière à pouvoir coulisser le long de l'extrémité 10 du corps principal 2, le coulissement étant limité par une butée haute 25 et une butée basse 26 encadrant un téton 17. Avantageusement, on prévoit une butée à billes 16 entre l'extrémité basse 10 du corps principal 2 et les rondelles élastiques 12, ladite butée à billes 16 étant fixée à l'extrémité basse 10 du corps principal. La butée à billes 16 permet d'éliminer les frottements entre l'épaulement supérieur 3 et le corps principal 2 lors de la rotation dudit corps principal 2.More specifically, the upper shoulder 3 is mounted in translation in the upper part 6 of the kneading pin 5 so as to slide along the end 10 of the main body 2, the sliding being limited by an upper stop 25 and a stop 26 low flanking a stud 17. Advantageously, there is provided a thrust ball 16 between the lower end 10 of the main body 2 and the spring washers 12, said thrust bearing 16 being attached to the lower end 10 of the main body. The thrust bearing 16 eliminates friction between the upper shoulder 3 and the main body 2 during the rotation of said main body 2.
Comme cela est visible sur la figure 3, représentant la tête de soudage 2 de la figure 1 lors d'un soudage bord à bord de deux tôles 18, 19, on place lesdites tôles 18, 19 dans un espace 20 ménagé entre les deux épaulements 3, 4, en accolant un bord de la première tôle 18 contre un bord de la seconde tôle 19.As can be seen in FIG. 3, representing the welding head 2 of FIG. 1 during an edge-to-edge welding of two sheets 18, 19, said sheets 18, 19 are placed in a space 20 formed between the two shoulders. 3, 4, by joining one edge of the first sheet 18 against an edge of the second sheet 19.
On remonte alors l'épaulement inférieur 4 le long de la partie basse 7 du pion de malaxage 5 par vissage dudit épaulement inférieur 4 sur ledit pion 5, jusqu'à ce que la surface d'appui 21 de l'épaulement inférieur 4 vienne au contact d'une face inférieure 22 des tôles 18, 19.The lower shoulder 4 is then raised up along the lower part 7 of the kneading pin 5 by screwing said lower shoulder 4 onto said peg 5, until the bearing surface 21 of the lower shoulder 4 comes to the contact of a lower face 22 of the plates 18, 19.
On poursuit le vissage de manière à remonter les tôles 18, 19 en direction de la surface d'appui 23 de l'épaulement supérieur 3, jusqu'à ce qu'une face supérieure 24 des tôles 18, 19 soit au contact de ladite surface d'appui 23.Screwing is continued so as to raise the sheets 18, 19 towards the bearing surface 23 of the upper shoulder 3, until an upper face 24 of the plates 18, 19 is in contact with said surface. 23.
On continue encore de visser l'épaulement inférieur 4 en direction de l'épaulement supérieur 3, de manière à repousser par coulissement l'épaulement supérieur 3 en direction du corps principal 2, et à comprimer les rondelles 12.The lower shoulder 4 is still screwed in the direction of the upper shoulder 3, so as to push the upper shoulder 3 by sliding towards the main body 2, and to compress the washers 12.
Une fois le taux de compression des rondelles 12 souhaité obtenu, on maintient l'épaulement inférieur 4 en position sur le pion 5 grâce à l'écrou 9, ce qui maintient l'écrasement des rondelles 12 et la position de l'épaulement supérieur 3. Les rondelles 12 vont ainsi restituer un effort de pincement sur l'épaulement supérieur 3 et par réaction sur l'épaulement inférieur 4 pendant tout le temps du pilotage du dispositif de soudage le long des rebords accolés des tôles 18, 19.Once the desired compression ratio of the washers 12 has been obtained, the lower shoulder 4 is held in position on the peg 5 by virtue of the nut 9, which maintains the crushing of the washers 12 and the position of the upper shoulder 3 The washers 12 will thus restore a pinching force on the upper shoulder 3 and by reaction on the lower shoulder 4 during all the time of the piloting of the welding device along the contiguous edges of the sheets 18, 19.
Ainsi, par exemple, dans le cas du soudage de tôles d'alliage d'aluminium d'épaisseur 3.5 mm, à l'aide d'un dispositif de soudage à double épaulement selon l'invention composé d'un pion d'un diamètre 6mm et d e deux épaulements de diamètre 12mm, il est possible d'obtenir l'effort requis de 2500 N par l'empilement en série de 6 paquets de 5 rondelles en parallèle de caractéristiques suivantes :Thus, for example, in the case of welding of aluminum alloy sheets of thickness 3.5 mm, using a double-shoulder welding device according to the invention composed of a pin of a diameter 6mm and two shoulders of diameter 12mm, it is possible to obtain the required effort of 2500 N by the series stacking of 6 packs of 5 washers in parallel of the following characteristics:
- diamètre intérieur 6.2mm,- 6.2mm internal diameter,
- diamètre extérieur 12mm,- outer diameter 12mm,
- épaisseur 0.6mm,- thickness 0.6mm,
- flèche totale exploitable 0.35mm, et- total exploitable arrow 0.35mm, and
- effort maximal délivrable de 551 N à 75% de la flèche totale. Avec un tel montage, une variation d'épaisseur de 0.1 mm donne une variation de l'effort de 210 N soit 8.4% de l'effort total.- maximum effort deliverable from 551 N to 75% of the total deflection. With such an assembly, a thickness variation of 0.1 mm gives a variation of the effort of 210 N or 8.4% of the total effort.
Le dispositif de soudage selon l'invention permet de procéder à un soudage par friction malaxage, avec un effort de soudage d'intensité fixée par avance en fonction des besoins. La tête de soudage 1 peut être solidarisée à tout dispositif de soudage, sans qu'il soit nécessaire de prévoir des actionneurs spécifiques pour commander les épaulements 3, 4. The welding device according to the invention makes it possible to carry out friction stir welding, with an intensity welding force set in advance according to the needs. The welding head 1 can be secured to any welding device, without the need to provide specific actuators for controlling the shoulders 3, 4.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1- Dispositif de soudage de pièces (18, 19) par friction malaxage à double épaulement, comportant un pion de malaxage (5) monté fixe sur un corps principal (2) d'une tête de soudage (1) dudit dispositif, un épaulement inférieur (4) et un épaulement supérieur (3), l'épaulement inférieur étant monté sur le pion de malaxage de manière qu'il puisse être bloqué en partie basse (7) dudit pion de malaxage, caractérisé en ce que l'épaulement supérieur est monté mobile sur le pion de malaxage de manière à ce qu'une position de l'épaulement supérieur autour du pion de malaxage puisse être fixée avant le soudage par compression de moyens élastiques (12) disposés entre le corps principal et l'épaulement supérieur, en fonction d'un effort de pincement que l'on souhaite appliquer sur les pièces à souder pendant le soudage.1-device for welding parts (18, 19) friction double-shoulder mixing, comprising a kneading pin (5) fixedly mounted on a main body (2) of a welding head (1) of said device, a shoulder lower (4) and an upper shoulder (3), the lower shoulder being mounted on the kneading pin so that it can be locked in the lower part (7) of said kneading pin, characterized in that the upper shoulder is movably mounted on the kneading pin so that a position of the upper shoulder around the kneading pin can be fixed before the compression welding of elastic means (12) disposed between the main body and the upper shoulder , depending on a clamping force that it is desired to apply to the parts to be welded during welding.
2- Dispositif de soudage par friction malaxage à double épaulement selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que l'épaulement supérieur est monté fixe en rotation (14) et libre en translation (15) sur le corps principal.2- friction stir welding device with double shoulder according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper shoulder is fixedly rotatably mounted (14) and free in translation (15) on the main body.
3- Dispositif de soudage par friction malaxage à double épaulement selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que l'épaulement supérieur est monté libre en rotation (17) et libre en translation (25, 26) sur le corps principal.3- friction stir welding device with double shoulder according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper shoulder is rotatably mounted (17) and free in translation (25, 26) on the main body.
4- Procédé de soudage de pièces (18, 19) par friction malaxage au moyen du dispositif de soudage à double épaulement selon l'une des revendications 1 à 2, caractérisé en qu'il comporte les étapes suivantes :4- A method of welding parts (18, 19) by friction stir by means of the double-shoulder welding device according to one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
- on amène les pièces à souder, dans la position que l'on souhaite obtenir en fin de soudage, entre les épaulements du dispositif de soudage ; puisthe parts to be welded are brought into the position that it is desired to obtain at the end of welding between the shoulders of the welding device; then
- on déplace l'épaulement inférieur le long du pion de malaxage de manière à appliquer ledit épaulement contre une face inférieure (22) des pièces à souder ; puis- moving the lower shoulder along the kneading pin so as to apply said shoulder against a lower face (22) of the parts to be welded; then
- on poursuit le déplacement du pion inférieur en direction des pièces à souder, de manière à comprimer les moyens élastiques situés entre l'épaulement supérieur et le corps principal de la tête de soudage, et ainsi fixer l'effort de pincement souhaité entre les deux épaulements ; puis - on bloque l'épaulement inférieur en position sur le pion de malaxage ;the displacement of the lower pin in the direction of the parts to be welded, so as to compress the elastic means situated between the upper shoulder and the main body of the welding head, and thus to fix the desired pinching force between the two shoulders; then - The lower shoulder is locked in position on the kneading pin;
- on met en route le dispositif de soudage et on le pilote le long des pièces à souder.the welding device is started and is piloted along the parts to be welded.
5- Procédé de soudage selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte l'étape suivante :5- welding method according to claim 4, characterized in that it comprises the following step:
- on utilise un moyen élastique à raideur forte, de manière que le dispositif de soudage applique un effort sur les pièces à souder qui puisse diminuer lorsque les épaulements se rapprochent.an elastic means with stiffness is used, so that the welding device applies a force on the parts to be welded which can decrease when the shoulders approach.
6- Procédé de soudage selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte l'étape suivante :6. Welding process according to claim 4, characterized in that it comprises the following step:
- on utilise un moyen élastique à raideur faible, de manière que le dispositif de soudage applique un effort quasi constant sur les pièces à souder.an elastic means with low stiffness is used, so that the welding device applies an almost constant force to the parts to be welded.
7- Procédé de soudage selon l'une des revendications 4 à 6, caractérisé en ce qu'on soude deux tôles bord à bord.7- welding process according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that welding two plates edge to edge.
8- Procédé de soudage selon l'une des revendications 4 à 6, caractérisé en ce qu'on soude deux tôles par recouvrement. 8- welding process according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that welded two sheets per recovery.
PCT/FR2008/051943 2007-10-29 2008-10-28 Double-shoulder single-actuator welding device and method for welding components using friction stir welding WO2009056759A2 (en)

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FR0758644A FR2922796B1 (en) 2007-10-29 2007-10-29 SINGLE-DUAL SHOULDER-SOLDERING DEVICE AND METHOD OF WELDING FRICTION-MIXED PIECES

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