WO2009034402A1 - System for conversion of wave energy into electrical energy - Google Patents

System for conversion of wave energy into electrical energy Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009034402A1
WO2009034402A1 PCT/IB2007/002631 IB2007002631W WO2009034402A1 WO 2009034402 A1 WO2009034402 A1 WO 2009034402A1 IB 2007002631 W IB2007002631 W IB 2007002631W WO 2009034402 A1 WO2009034402 A1 WO 2009034402A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
floating body
electric power
coupled
transmission member
production
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2007/002631
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Mile Dragic
Original Assignee
Mile Dragic
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mile Dragic filed Critical Mile Dragic
Priority to PCT/IB2007/002631 priority Critical patent/WO2009034402A1/en
Publication of WO2009034402A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009034402A1/en
Priority to US12/606,453 priority patent/US9016055B2/en
Priority to US14/681,568 priority patent/US10227961B2/en
Priority to US16/298,825 priority patent/US11125204B2/en
Priority to US17/478,188 priority patent/US11591999B2/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
    • F03B13/1845—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom slides relative to the rem
    • F03B13/1855—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom slides relative to the rem where the connection between wom and conversion system takes tension and compression
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
    • F03B13/1845—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom slides relative to the rem
    • F03B13/1855—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom slides relative to the rem where the connection between wom and conversion system takes tension and compression
    • F03B13/186—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom slides relative to the rem where the connection between wom and conversion system takes tension and compression the connection being of the rack-and-pinion type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05B2220/706—Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/40—Use of a multiplicity of similar components
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2250/00—Geometry
    • F05B2250/40—Movement of component
    • F05B2250/41—Movement of component with one degree of freedom
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/40—Transmission of power
    • F05B2260/403—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components
    • F05B2260/4031—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components as in toothed gearing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates, generally, to the utilization of energy from waves and converting the wave energy into electrical energy. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to a system that utilizes the linear motion of waves to generate electricity.
  • the energy generation system includes a floating body, a transmission shaft coupled to the floating body and a beam having a generator used for electrical energy production.
  • the floating body floats on the water and is placed between fixed parts (two or three columns) and, under the action of waves, moves up and down.
  • the transmission shaft which can be inflexible or flexible, is pivotally attached to the floating body. The transmission shaft transmits motion to the generator for electrical energy production. Electrical energy can be produced either by use of an induction coil or a generator.
  • the motion of the magnet in the induction coil is in direct relation with movement of the floating body either through the inflexible transmission shaft or through a flexible transmission shaft.
  • the energy generation system produces electrical energy by allowing the floating body to move up and down under the action of the waves. Since the floating body is directly connected to the generator through the transmission shaft it causes linear motion of the magnet in the induction coil to produce electrical energy. Alternatively, the linear motion of the transmission shaft can be transferred into circular motion. Rotational force created by the transmission shaft is coupled to a one-way clutch to transmit the rotating moment in one direction so that downward movement of the transmission shaft does not reverse the rotation of the output shaft leading to the generator.
  • a central floating body includes external floating bodies that are placed at such distance from the central floating body that when the central floating body is on the bottom of the wave, the external floating bodies, are on the top of the wave and vice versa.
  • the central floating body is connected to the mechanism for production of electrical energy.
  • the external floating bodies can extend or retract from the central floating body depending on the lengths of the waves. The distance between the outside floats correspond to the lengths of the waves, so the maximum utilization of the system is obtained.
  • Fig. 1 is a side elevational view of the energy generation system with portions of the linear generator and floating body cut away to show the transmission shaft coupled to the floating body at one end and to the linear generator at a second end and also showing the linear induction generator supported by an overhead structure that includes a horizontal platform and vertical posts that extend to the bottom surface of the water body;
  • Fig. 2 is a side elevational view of the energy generating system showing several floating bodies moving under the influence of the waves and showing the floating bodies pivoting with respect to the vertical shafts;
  • FIG. 3 is another embodiment of the energy generation system showing the use of a stronger transmission shaft used with larger floating bodies and designed to withstand additional forces caused by the wind and waves;
  • FIG. 3 A is a perspective view of the energy generation system of Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 4 is another embodiment of the energy generation system showing a linear gear rack coupled to the vertical transmission shaft and showing the gear rack coupled to a pinion gear that drives a rotary generator and also showing the possibility of shifting of the horizontal beam along the columns built upon the sea-bed;
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a linear motion conversion device for transmission and conversion of linear motion of the rack into rotary motion and showing a pinion gear coupled to a one way coupling, which is coupled to a multiplying gearbox, which is coupled to a second one way bearing and showing the second one way bearing coupled to a flywheel, which is coupled to a rotary generator;
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the energy generation system showing a floating body coupled to one end of a flexible cable which is coupled to an induction generator by use of a pulley and also showing a counterweight coupled to a second end of the flexible cable;
  • FIG. 6A is a perspective view of another embodiment of the energy generation system showing a pair of floating bodies coupled to flexible cables to drive linear generators;
  • Fig. 7 is a perspective view showing a field of energy generation systems positioned in the direction of the waves and showing the upper beam coupled to two, three or four columns;
  • Fig. 8 is a top view showing the positioning of a series of floating bodies placed on the water surface;
  • Fig. 9 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the energy generation system showing a large rectangular floating body coupled to four transmission cables, which are coupled to a pair of rotary generators utilizing the linear motion conversion device of Fig. 5;
  • Fig. 9A is a side elevational view of the energy generation system of Fig.
  • Fig. 9B is a perspective view of the energy generation system of Fig. 9 showing L-shaped extensions projecting from the top of the floating body;
  • Fig. 10 is a perspective view of linear motion conversion device for use with a flexible transmission cable to covert linear motion into rotary motion.
  • Fig. 11 is a perspective view of several energy generation systems positioned in the direction of wave motion
  • Fig. 12 is a top view of Fig. 11 ;
  • Fig. 13 is a perspective view of an energy generation system showing a portion of a large platform coupled to flexible transmitters and induction generators;
  • Fig. 14 is a side elevational view of another embodiment of the energy generation system with portions cut away to show an adjustable center-weight positioned within a floating body for use with waves having a short amplitude;
  • FIG. 15 is a perspective view of an energy generation system having a vertical transmission shaft positioned within a vertical column to support the floating body;
  • Fig. 15 A is an enlarged view of a portion of Fig. 15 showing the floating body, the column, the linear transmission shaft and generator;
  • Fig. 15B is a top view of a linear motion conversion device that converts the two-way vertical motion of the rack of the vertical transmission shaft into a rotational force in the same direction as required by the generator by means of the parallel shaft;
  • Fig. 15C is a perspective view of Fig. 15B;
  • Fig. 15D is a schematic view of 15B showing the conversion of two-way motion of the rack into rotational motion in one direction by means of the parallel shaft;
  • Fig. 15E is a perspective view of the linear motion conversion device showing two pinion gears for coupling to two independent vertical transmission shafts;
  • Fig. 16 is a top view of a floating body
  • Fig. 16A is an enlarged sectional view of Fig. 16 showing a portion of the floating platform having a lateral support arm and a roller to maintain the orientation of the platform with respect to the column;
  • Fig. 16B is a side elevational view of the floating body having an elliptical post positioned between a pair of concave support which couple the floating body to the vertical transmission shaft;
  • Fig. 16C shows the side view of the floating body with the systems for electrical energy production
  • FIG. 17 is a perspective view of a portion of an energy generation system showing a floating body with the rack pivotally coupled to the floating body at a first end and to the pinion gear at a second end by use of a pivotal coupling that permits angular and linear movement of the rack;
  • Fig. 17A is a front elevational view of the energy generation system of
  • Fig. 17 showing the floating body pivotally coupled to the rack
  • Fig. 17B is a side elevational view with the hinge located at the floating body cut away to show the arc prisms and retention pin;
  • Fig. 17C is an enlarged view of the hinge of Fig. 17A where the line of the retention pin is leaning against the arc prism;
  • Fig. 17 D is an enlarged view of the hinge of Fig. 17B showing the arc prisms and the retention pin;
  • Fig. 18 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the energy generation system without supports in the sea-bed and haying outside and central floating bodies with the systems for transmission and production of electrical energy;
  • Fig. 18A is a side elevational view showing the position of the floating bodies under action of the waves with the center body located above the outer bodies;
  • Fig. 18B is a side elevational view similar to Fig. 18 A showing the center body lower than the outer bodies;
  • Fig. 19 is a perspective view of a series of energy generation systems coupled together
  • An energy generation system 100 is adapted to generate electricity from wave energy, as shown, for example, in Fig. 1.
  • Electrical energy is produced by energy generation system 100 by using a floating body 2 which is coupled to an inflexible transmission shaft 6.
  • Transmission shaft 6 can take the form of a rod or shaft for example.
  • Transmission shaft 6 is coupled to floating body by use of a joint linkage 3.
  • Joint linkage can be in the form of a ball and socket joint, for example or other types of pivot joints known in the art.
  • As floating body 2 moves vertically under action of waves the vertical motion is transmitted by transmission shaft 6 to a magnet 10 which is placed in an induction coil 9. Movement of magnet 10 within induction coil 9 generates electrical energy.
  • energy generation system 100 includes a movable horizontal supporting beam 8 that can be moved vertically along vertical support columns 1 , as shown, for example, in Fig. 1. Movement of horizontal support beam 8 can be performed hydraulically, pneumatically, electromechanically, or a combination thereof. In the present embodiment an electric motor and reducer 14, rotates a screw 13 which travels vertically along a geared lath 11 to move beam 8 along columns 1.
  • Floating body 2 is preferably circular although other shapes can be used, as shown, for example, in Fig. 1.
  • floating body 2 is manufactured from lightweight materials such as a glass fiber and plastic combination or fabricated from pneumatic balloons.
  • joint linkage 3 is used between floating body 2 and transmission shaft 6 at a position below the central point of displacement of floating body 2 typically below the water line. While the approaching wave will twist and pivot floating body 2, the load from both left and right side of the floating body 2 will be equal and the floating body 2 will move upwards together with the transmission shaft 6. Movement of floating bodies 2 during sinusoidal wave movement is shown, for example in Fig. 2. Here it can be seen that floating bodies 2 pivot with respect to transmission shafts 6 to vertically raise transmission shafts 6 with respect to linear generators 7 a.
  • transmission shaft 6 is connected to magnet 10 to move magnet 10 within induction coil 9 to produce electricity.
  • induction coil 9 is positioned directly above floating body 2. Positioning induction coil 9 above floating body 2 enables maximum utilization, with minimal loss of mechanical energy. After the wave peak brings the floating body 2 to top dead center, and as the wave moves towards lower dead center, the floating body 2 lowers, which causes the magnet 10 to lower. The resistance created by induction coil 9 is great enough 9 to allow the lowering of floating body 2 under influence of its own weight at the same speed as the wave moves.
  • magnet 9 While the wave is moving from low amplitude to the high amplitude floating body 2 starts moving upwards and at the same time it moves magnet 9 which produces resistance strong enough to make the floating body 2 to become partially submerged to obtain the maximum output power of electrical energy, as shown, for example, in Fig. 1. Maximum power output is realized if magnet 9 oscillates about the center of induction coil 10. To maintain centralized oscillations, magnet 9 can be coupled to transmission shaft 6 by use of a threaded joint. Raising or lowering of magnet 9 is accomplished by use of spindle 15, which is driven by a system at the top of induction coil 10. Magnet 9 could also be repositioned by hydraulic, pneumatic, mechanical, electromechanical, or other means.
  • the horizontal support beam 8 moves vertically along the columns 1 which are built upon the sea-bed.
  • Geared lath 11 is fixed to columns 1.
  • Guides 12, in combination with jack-screw 13 and lath 11, are used to raise and lower support beam 8. Nullification of unwanted effects of the tides on the overall length of the transmission shaft 6 can be realized by raising or lowering support beam 8 along column 1.
  • Floating body 2 also includes a waterproof membrane 4, as shown, for example, in Fig. 1.
  • Waterproof membrane 4 is used to prevent water from entering into floating body 2 and to enable transmission shaft 6 to pivot with respect to floating body 2.
  • a lattice girder 25 is used to provide strength, as shown, for example, in Figs. 3 and 3 a.
  • Transmission shaft 6 is joined to the floating body 2 by using a joint type linkage.
  • the transmission shaft 6 can be a rack 26 having gear teeth or an inflexible body which transmits its motion by friction. Movement of the floating body 2 causes the rack 26 to move vertically. Vertical movement of the rack 26 causes the rack 26 to pivot gear 27, which converts the linear motion of the rack 26 into circular motion.
  • Spindle 21 is coupled to one-way clutch 16, which is in turn coupled to shaft 22.
  • Shaft 22 is coupled to multiplicator 17 which increases the number of shaft revolutions.
  • Multiplicator 17 transmits rotational force to the shaft 23 which, in turn, rotates one-way clutch 18 and shaft 24, which in turn rotate generator 20 to produce electrical energy. Flywheel 19 serves to, after the action of the turning moment finishes, keep the generator 20 rotating.
  • pivot gear 27 electrical energy is produced by using a rotary generator as opposed to a linear generator. Incoming waves cause floating body 2 to rise and, through usage of joint 3 vertically shifts rack 26 upwardly, as shown, for example, in Fig. 4. The vertical movement of rack 26 is covered into circular movement by means of pivot gear 27, as shown, for example, in Fig.5. Rotary motion of pivot gear 27 is transmitted to a one-way clutch 16 through shaft 21. One-way clutch 16 transmits the rotational force in one direction. Rotary motion from one-way clutch 16 is transmitted to multiplicator 17 by use of shaft 22. Multiplicator 17 is designed, by use of gears, to increase the revolutions of shaft 22 to rotate generator 20 at higher revolutions per minute (RPM).
  • Multiplicator 17 can include one, two or more pairs of gears. Using multiplicator 17 the set number of revolutions with minimal loss can be realized. The rotational motion is transmitted from multiplicator 17 to a second one-way clutch 18 by use of shaft 23 and further by shaft 24 to flywheel 19, as shown, for example, in Fig. 5. Flywheel 19 serves to maintain the inertia to keep generator 20 rotating. Flywheel 19 can be positioned on either the left or right side of the generator 20. Rotation of the input shaft of generator 20 causes the product of electrical energy.
  • floating body 2 is attached to a flexible working body 28, as shown, for example, in Fig. 6.
  • Flexible working body 28 can be in the form of a cable, a rope or a chain for example.
  • floating body 2 moves upwardly, and pulls flexible working body 28, which goes over the pulley 24 and is coupled to magnet 10 of induction coil 9.
  • magnet 10 is required to oscillate around the center of induction coil 9.
  • central oscillation beam 8 can be raised or lowered to compensate for the tides to ensure oscillation of magnet 10 around the center of the induction coil 9. This can also be done in one of the previously described ways.
  • FIG. 7 is a top view showing the possible placements of floating bodies 2 on ocean/sea surface.
  • a system of energy generation units can extend as far as needed to produce the desired power output.
  • Fig. 8 shows the view from above on one of the possible locations of floating bodies placed on the water surface.
  • FIG. 9 Another embodiment of the energy generation system is shown, for example, in Fig. 9.
  • electrical energy is produced by the floating body 32 which is much larger than those previously discussed.
  • Floating body 32 transmits its vertical movement through the flexible working body 28 to the pulley 36 which transforms linear motion into circular motion by use of previously described system of shafts and one-way clutches to transmit rotational force to generator 20, which produces electrical energy.
  • Floating body 32 is designed to be oriented in the water so that approaching waves engage its lateral face along its length, which is longer that its width, as shown, for example, in Fig. 9. Orientation of floating body 32 in this fashion provides for natural stabilization and balance. Orienting floating body width wise would cause floating body to rotate into a position that does not provide the maximum lift. Floating body 32 can be two to three times longer than its width and is preferably ten and more times longer that its width. If floating body 32 is wider than the waves it encounters the efficiency of the system 100 decreases. The floating body 32 placed in such way requires minimal forces to maintain its position, and the maximum amplitude provides for the most energy. To increase the amplitude of floating body 32 and decrease losses, consoles 33 can be used, as shown, for example, in Fig. 9. This is desirable because of the need to increase motion amplitude and maintain the distance of floating body 32 from fixed columns 1.
  • Pulley 38 of the system can be placed either below or above the water surface, as shown, for example, in Fig. 9A. If pulley 38 is to be used above the water surface an extension 34 can be used, as shown, for example, in Fig. 9B.
  • the width of floating body 32 is dependent upon the shape and length of the most frequent waves on the place where the floating body is situated.
  • Columns 1 allow for the placement of electrical energy production together with all necessary equipment above floating body 32. Columns 1 also provide for a securing point for pulley 38, as shown, for example, in Fig. 9 A and can be used to keep floating body 32 a safe distance from columns 1.
  • the system of Fig. 9B is similar to the system of Fig. 9 with the exception of pulley 38, which is below the sea surface.
  • a cable system is used to transform linear motion of the flexible working body 28 into rotary motion for use with a rotary generator to produce electrical energy, as shown, for example, in Fig. 10. The operation of the cable system is similar to the system shown in Fig. 5. In the cable system linear motion of the flexible working body 28 is converted into a rotation force by pulleys 36.
  • pulley 36 is rotated by flexible working body 28.
  • Cable system pulley 36 is coupled to another smaller pulley 36a.
  • a second cable 37 is wound around smaller pulley 36a and includes a counter weight 30 at one end.
  • Counter weight 30 and second cable 37 are adapted to maintain tension in flexible working body 28.
  • other means to maintain tension in flexible working body 28 can be used including a spring, electromechanically, a combination of the two or other means known to those skilled in tensioning cables.
  • Flexible working body 28 can be a cable, a chain or any other flexible body strong enough to transmit the force to the pulley.
  • Pulley 36 can be ridged so it enables proper winding of the flexible working body 28 on the pulley 36. Other systems can also be used to ensure proper winding of cables on pulleys. Pulley 36 rotates shaft 21 which, in turn, rotates one way clutch 16. One way clutch 16 rotates shaft 22, which, in turn, rotates multiplicator 17. Multiplicator 17 rotates shaft 23 and second one way clutch 18. Second one way clutch 18 rotates shaft 24, flywheel 19 and the input shaft of electric motor 20. [0066] The schematic layout of the system for using wave energy is shown, for example, in Fig. 11. It can be seen that one floating body 32 can have a series of generators depending upon the length of floating body 32. Electrical cables can be coupled to the generator overhead or along the sea-bed.
  • the orientation of the systems in relation to wave direction can be seen in Fig. 12.
  • Single systems can be put one next to one another in order to obtain a larger output of energy.
  • the systems are preferably spaced a wave length apart so that output power is more even.
  • the shapes of the floating bodies can be varied depending on the most frequent types of the waves and their lengths on the place of positioning.
  • Fig. 12 shows a floating body 32 used for long waves. Large floating bodies are used with long waves to minimize mass of the floating body in order to obtain a small inertia force and a larger output of energy.
  • Fig. 13 shows the use of a series of induction coils 9 using the working principle that has already been explained.
  • Another embodiment of the energy generation system is shown, for example, in Fig. 14. This system is used for shorter waves in which it is important to define the optimal mass.
  • additional mass 64 can be placed in floating body 2. The mass 64 is adapted to be shifted along the vertical axis of the floating body 2 depending on the size of the wave.
  • Shifting the additional mass vertically can be done hydraulically, pneumatically, electromechanically, or a combined system, for example.
  • a system can be used having its own drive to return the floating body to the initial position if it crosses the critical point of overturning.
  • floating body 32 can be coupled to a rotary generator 20 by use of a rack 26, as shown, for example, in Figs. 15 and 15a.
  • Floating body 32 is coupled to the upper electrical energy production system by rack 26 or use of a rod.
  • Fig. 15 shows the floating body 32 with the electrical energy production system.
  • one floating body 32 includes multiple generators for electrical energy production.
  • a securing post 39 is used to increase the amplitude of shift of floating body 32 .
  • Securing post 39 is adapted to rest upon cylinders 40 & 41 as shown, for example in Figs. 16A and 16B.
  • Cylinders 40, 41 are narrower toward the middle and wider at the ends as shown in Fig. 16 A. In this way, self alignment of the floating body 32 is obtained. Because of strong forces caused by the wave energy a sliding bearing 41a and support arm 44 can be used to assist in maintaining the position of the floating body 32.
  • the cylinders 40, 41 can have a variable radius, but it is important not to cross the line of securing post 39.
  • the cylinders 40, 41 permanently rest on the securing post 39 so the impact load can be avoided. This can be accomplished by the system of springs in the inflexible body.
  • the inflexible body can be lattice-type, tubular-shaped or similar structure.
  • the floating body 32 includes at least four lateral support arms 44, a shown, for example, in Fig. 16. The lateral support arms 44 are used to prevent the overhang 39 from touching the inflexible body positioned over the cylinder 40, 41 and to prevent the inflexible body and the securing post 39 from crossing the bending line.
  • Fig. 15B shows a linear conversion device for converting linear movement in both directions (upwards and downwards) into a rotational motion. As the wave approaches and the platform 32 rises, the rack goes upwards and the gear 27 rotates in one direction. When the rack starts moving downwards the gear 27 rotates in the opposite direction.
  • Fig. 15 A shows an additional set of parallel gears 46, 47, 48 , as shown in Fig. 15 A.
  • the shaft 49 in this case includes external gearing and a one-way clutch 45 and is coupled to the shaft 23, as shown, for example, in Fig. 15C.
  • Fig. 15D shows the shaft that includes internal gearing, and rotation in a single direction is obtained by means of two gears, as it is shown in the drawing.
  • Fig. 16 shows a top view of a floating body 2 with systems for electrical energy production placed at its sides.
  • Support wheel 43 is used to prevent floating body 32 from contacting column 1.
  • Support wheel 43 can be rubber-covered, rubber-pneumatic or metal with flexible connections to secure the wheels to the platform.
  • Support wheels 43 prevent the floating body 32 and securing post 39 from losing contact with cylinder 40, 41 when large waves approach.
  • the floating body 32 is maintained in the operating position by use of a lateral support arm 44 and support wheel 43.
  • the position of floating body 32 can also be retained by use of flexible connections.
  • FIG. 16b and 16c A side view of the floating body 2, with a securing post 39 is shown, for example, in Fig. 16b and 16c. Securing post 39 is in contact with the cylinders 40, 41. Vertical motion of the floating body 32 is transmitted to rack 26 and to gears 27, which converts the linear motion of the rack 26 to rotational motion as previously described. The arched shape of cylinders 40, 41 is important to allow for centralizing of securing post 39. It can be seen that the guiding of rack 26 is performed inside column 1.
  • the guide system can be positioned inside one column as shown, or can be positioned in two separate columns.
  • FIG. 17 Another embodiment of the energy generation system is shown in Fig. 17.
  • floating body 32 includes a rack 50 pivotally attached to it.
  • the motion of the floating body 32 is transmitted to the rack 50 over arc prisms 55 & 56 to cylinder 57, which is connected to the rack 50, as shown, for example, in Figs. 17C & 17D.
  • a direct connection of the inflexible body 50 to the floating body, without the use of an overhang, is shown in Figs. 17a, 17c. Without an overhang, it is necessary to supply a connection 51 for coupling the rack to the gear 27.
  • the connection 51 includes a cylinder 52 and can include bearings or other means to allow rack 50 to slide with respect to connection 51.
  • bearings 53 are used.
  • Bearings 53 are coupled to column 54 to provide support. Bearings 53 prevent lateral movement of inflexible body 50 but allow vertical movement in the direction of column 54. Alignment of floating body 32 is accomplished by use of arc prisms 55, 56 as shown in Figs. 17A, 17B, 17C &17D. Arc prisms 55, 56 are connected to the floating body 32, as it is shown on details A and B of Figs. 17A and 17B. The force of the waves is transmitted over the cylinder 57 to the inflexible body 50. The opposite operation is also possible, when the cylinder 57 is connected to the platform 32, and the arc prisms 55, 56 are coupled to the inflexible body 50.
  • Energy generation system 300 consists of two side floating bodies 61 and a central floating body 62, with the working body support at its bottom.
  • the system 300 includes two side supports, which keep the central floating body 62 in the center of the system.
  • the inflexible body 50 transmits motion to the upper system for electrical energy production.
  • the side floating bodies 61 are also, at their lowest point, connected to lower construction of the system 60 over a hollow overhang.
  • the side floating bodies 61 can consist either of individual units, as shown in Fig. 18, or one continual unit.
  • Floating bodies 61 are coupled to the lower construction by a hollow shaft and are sealed to prevent water from entering.
  • Extension means 58 can be mechanical, electromechanical or hydraulic structures used to extend and retract side floating bodies 61.
  • Two guides 59 are positioned vertically in the middle of the lower construction 60 to control the lateral movement of central floating body 62.
  • Floating bodies 61, 62 are as light as possible and lower construction 60 is designed to have very low resistance when moving through the water.
  • a hollow arch, or some similar lattice-type construction, is used to attach the power generation equipment.
  • the power generation equipment includes a generator, a flexible or inflexible working body (shaft or cable) or an induction coil, which has already been described.
  • the system 300 is preferably longer than wider, as we have previously described, so the system could take the best position against the waves.
  • the system is fixed to the sea-bed by use of an anchor. It is also possible to use a wireless system of energy transmission can be used so that the systems 300 can be positioned in different regions to capture wave energy. The efficiency of this system 300 is high because of the motion of the central floating body and the useful motion of the upper system.

Abstract

A power generating system is presented which converts water wave energy into electricity. The system generates electricity from the motion energy of water waves, by use of floating bodies that either linearly drive a linear generator or transforms vertical motion into circular motion to produce electric power from a rotary generator. The system utilizes supports fixed to the bottom of the body of water which support the floating bodies and rotational or linear generators and their transmitters that are positioned above the floating bodies.

Description

SYSTEM FOR CONVERSION OF WAVE ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
BACKGROUND
[0001] The present disclosure relates, generally, to the utilization of energy from waves and converting the wave energy into electrical energy. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to a system that utilizes the linear motion of waves to generate electricity.
SUMMARY
[0002] According to the present disclosure, a system is used to produce electricity through the conversion of aquatic wave motion into electrical energy. [0003] In illustrative embodiments, the energy generation system includes a floating body, a transmission shaft coupled to the floating body and a beam having a generator used for electrical energy production. The floating body floats on the water and is placed between fixed parts (two or three columns) and, under the action of waves, moves up and down. The transmission shaft, which can be inflexible or flexible, is pivotally attached to the floating body. The transmission shaft transmits motion to the generator for electrical energy production. Electrical energy can be produced either by use of an induction coil or a generator. The motion of the magnet in the induction coil is in direct relation with movement of the floating body either through the inflexible transmission shaft or through a flexible transmission shaft. The energy generation system produces electrical energy by allowing the floating body to move up and down under the action of the waves. Since the floating body is directly connected to the generator through the transmission shaft it causes linear motion of the magnet in the induction coil to produce electrical energy. Alternatively, the linear motion of the transmission shaft can be transferred into circular motion. Rotational force created by the transmission shaft is coupled to a one-way clutch to transmit the rotating moment in one direction so that downward movement of the transmission shaft does not reverse the rotation of the output shaft leading to the generator.
[0004] In illustrative embodiments, the production of electrical energy from wave motion can be accomplished without any parts fixed to the bed of the body of water. In this arrangement, a central floating body includes external floating bodies that are placed at such distance from the central floating body that when the central floating body is on the bottom of the wave, the external floating bodies, are on the top of the wave and vice versa. The central floating body is connected to the mechanism for production of electrical energy. The external floating bodies can extend or retract from the central floating body depending on the lengths of the waves. The distance between the outside floats correspond to the lengths of the waves, so the maximum utilization of the system is obtained.
[0005] Additional features of the disclosure will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments exemplifying the best mode of carrying out the disclosure as presently perceived.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0006] The present invention and the advantages thereof will become more apparent upon consideration of the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
[0007] Fig. 1 is a side elevational view of the energy generation system with portions of the linear generator and floating body cut away to show the transmission shaft coupled to the floating body at one end and to the linear generator at a second end and also showing the linear induction generator supported by an overhead structure that includes a horizontal platform and vertical posts that extend to the bottom surface of the water body; [0008] Fig. 2 is a side elevational view of the energy generating system showing several floating bodies moving under the influence of the waves and showing the floating bodies pivoting with respect to the vertical shafts;
[0009] Fig. 3 is another embodiment of the energy generation system showing the use of a stronger transmission shaft used with larger floating bodies and designed to withstand additional forces caused by the wind and waves;
[0010] Fig. 3 A is a perspective view of the energy generation system of Fig. 3;
[0011] Fig. 4 is another embodiment of the energy generation system showing a linear gear rack coupled to the vertical transmission shaft and showing the gear rack coupled to a pinion gear that drives a rotary generator and also showing the possibility of shifting of the horizontal beam along the columns built upon the sea-bed;
[0012] Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a linear motion conversion device for transmission and conversion of linear motion of the rack into rotary motion and showing a pinion gear coupled to a one way coupling, which is coupled to a multiplying gearbox, which is coupled to a second one way bearing and showing the second one way bearing coupled to a flywheel, which is coupled to a rotary generator;
[0013] Fig. 6 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the energy generation system showing a floating body coupled to one end of a flexible cable which is coupled to an induction generator by use of a pulley and also showing a counterweight coupled to a second end of the flexible cable;
[0014] Fig. 6A is a perspective view of another embodiment of the energy generation system showing a pair of floating bodies coupled to flexible cables to drive linear generators;
[0015] Fig. 7 is a perspective view showing a field of energy generation systems positioned in the direction of the waves and showing the upper beam coupled to two, three or four columns;
[0016] Fig. 8 is a top view showing the positioning of a series of floating bodies placed on the water surface; [0017] Fig. 9 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the energy generation system showing a large rectangular floating body coupled to four transmission cables, which are coupled to a pair of rotary generators utilizing the linear motion conversion device of Fig. 5;
[0018] Fig. 9A is a side elevational view of the energy generation system of Fig.
9 showing the orientation of the cables on the pulleys so that shaft rotation for the generator is in the same direction;
[0019] Fig. 9B is a perspective view of the energy generation system of Fig. 9 showing L-shaped extensions projecting from the top of the floating body;
[0020] Fig. 10 is a perspective view of linear motion conversion device for use with a flexible transmission cable to covert linear motion into rotary motion.
[0021] Fig. 11 is a perspective view of several energy generation systems positioned in the direction of wave motion;
[0022] Fig. 12 is a top view of Fig. 11 ;
[0023] Fig. 13 is a perspective view of an energy generation system showing a portion of a large platform coupled to flexible transmitters and induction generators;
[0024] Fig. 14 is a side elevational view of another embodiment of the energy generation system with portions cut away to show an adjustable center-weight positioned within a floating body for use with waves having a short amplitude;
[0025] Fig. 15 is a perspective view of an energy generation system having a vertical transmission shaft positioned within a vertical column to support the floating body;
[0026] Fig. 15 A is an enlarged view of a portion of Fig. 15 showing the floating body, the column, the linear transmission shaft and generator;
[0027] Fig. 15B is a top view of a linear motion conversion device that converts the two-way vertical motion of the rack of the vertical transmission shaft into a rotational force in the same direction as required by the generator by means of the parallel shaft;
[0028] Fig. 15C is a perspective view of Fig. 15B; [0029] Fig. 15D is a schematic view of 15B showing the conversion of two-way motion of the rack into rotational motion in one direction by means of the parallel shaft;
[0030] Fig. 15E is a perspective view of the linear motion conversion device showing two pinion gears for coupling to two independent vertical transmission shafts;
[0031] Fig. 16 is a top view of a floating body;
[0032] Fig. 16A is an enlarged sectional view of Fig. 16 showing a portion of the floating platform having a lateral support arm and a roller to maintain the orientation of the platform with respect to the column;
[0033] Fig. 16B is a side elevational view of the floating body having an elliptical post positioned between a pair of concave support which couple the floating body to the vertical transmission shaft;
[0034] Fig. 16C shows the side view of the floating body with the systems for electrical energy production;
[0035] Fig. 17 is a perspective view of a portion of an energy generation system showing a floating body with the rack pivotally coupled to the floating body at a first end and to the pinion gear at a second end by use of a pivotal coupling that permits angular and linear movement of the rack;
[0036] Fig. 17A is a front elevational view of the energy generation system of
Fig. 17 showing the floating body pivotally coupled to the rack;
[0037] Fig. 17B is a side elevational view with the hinge located at the floating body cut away to show the arc prisms and retention pin;
[0038] Fig. 17C is an enlarged view of the hinge of Fig. 17A where the line of the retention pin is leaning against the arc prism;
[0039] Fig. 17 D is an enlarged view of the hinge of Fig. 17B showing the arc prisms and the retention pin;
[0040] Fig. 18 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the energy generation system without supports in the sea-bed and haying outside and central floating bodies with the systems for transmission and production of electrical energy; [0041] Fig. 18A is a side elevational view showing the position of the floating bodies under action of the waves with the center body located above the outer bodies; [0042] Fig. 18B is a side elevational view similar to Fig. 18 A showing the center body lower than the outer bodies;
[0043] Fig. 19 is a perspective view of a series of energy generation systems coupled together;
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0044] While the present disclosure may be susceptible to embodiments in different forms, they are shown in the drawings, and herein will be described in detail, embodiments with the understanding that the present description is to be considered an exemplification of the principles of the disclosure and is not intended to limit the disclosure to the details of construction and the arrangement of components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings.
[0045] An energy generation system 100 is adapted to generate electricity from wave energy, as shown, for example, in Fig. 1. Electrical energy is produced by energy generation system 100 by using a floating body 2 which is coupled to an inflexible transmission shaft 6. Transmission shaft 6 can take the form of a rod or shaft for example. Transmission shaft 6 is coupled to floating body by use of a joint linkage 3. Joint linkage can be in the form of a ball and socket joint, for example or other types of pivot joints known in the art. As floating body 2 moves vertically under action of waves, the vertical motion is transmitted by transmission shaft 6 to a magnet 10 which is placed in an induction coil 9. Movement of magnet 10 within induction coil 9 generates electrical energy. In order to maintain the position of floating body 2 and to enable proper movement of the magnet 10 with respect to induction coil 9 a bearing 7 is used. [0046] In order to accommodate changes in water elevation, due to tidal activity, energy generation system 100 includes a movable horizontal supporting beam 8 that can be moved vertically along vertical support columns 1 , as shown, for example, in Fig. 1. Movement of horizontal support beam 8 can be performed hydraulically, pneumatically, electromechanically, or a combination thereof. In the present embodiment an electric motor and reducer 14, rotates a screw 13 which travels vertically along a geared lath 11 to move beam 8 along columns 1.
[0047] Floating body 2 is preferably circular although other shapes can be used, as shown, for example, in Fig. 1. For maximum efficiency, floating body 2 is manufactured from lightweight materials such as a glass fiber and plastic combination or fabricated from pneumatic balloons. In order to maintain the stability of floating body 2 and reduce the likelihood of bending of transmission shaft 6, joint linkage 3 is used between floating body 2 and transmission shaft 6 at a position below the central point of displacement of floating body 2 typically below the water line. While the approaching wave will twist and pivot floating body 2, the load from both left and right side of the floating body 2 will be equal and the floating body 2 will move upwards together with the transmission shaft 6. Movement of floating bodies 2 during sinusoidal wave movement is shown, for example in Fig. 2. Here it can be seen that floating bodies 2 pivot with respect to transmission shafts 6 to vertically raise transmission shafts 6 with respect to linear generators 7 a.
[0048] As it is shown in Fig. 1, transmission shaft 6 is connected to magnet 10 to move magnet 10 within induction coil 9 to produce electricity. With this arrangement induction coil 9 is positioned directly above floating body 2. Positioning induction coil 9 above floating body 2 enables maximum utilization, with minimal loss of mechanical energy. After the wave peak brings the floating body 2 to top dead center, and as the wave moves towards lower dead center, the floating body 2 lowers, which causes the magnet 10 to lower. The resistance created by induction coil 9 is great enough 9 to allow the lowering of floating body 2 under influence of its own weight at the same speed as the wave moves.
[0049] While the wave is moving from low amplitude to the high amplitude floating body 2 starts moving upwards and at the same time it moves magnet 9 which produces resistance strong enough to make the floating body 2 to become partially submerged to obtain the maximum output power of electrical energy, as shown, for example, in Fig. 1. Maximum power output is realized if magnet 9 oscillates about the center of induction coil 10. To maintain centralized oscillations, magnet 9 can be coupled to transmission shaft 6 by use of a threaded joint. Raising or lowering of magnet 9 is accomplished by use of spindle 15, which is driven by a system at the top of induction coil 10. Magnet 9 could also be repositioned by hydraulic, pneumatic, mechanical, electromechanical, or other means.
[0050] To reduce the mass and length of transmission shaft 6, the horizontal support beam 8 moves vertically along the columns 1 which are built upon the sea-bed. Geared lath 11 is fixed to columns 1. Guides 12, in combination with jack-screw 13 and lath 11, are used to raise and lower support beam 8. Nullification of unwanted effects of the tides on the overall length of the transmission shaft 6 can be realized by raising or lowering support beam 8 along column 1.
[0051] Floating body 2 also includes a waterproof membrane 4, as shown, for example, in Fig. 1. Waterproof membrane 4 is used to prevent water from entering into floating body 2 and to enable transmission shaft 6 to pivot with respect to floating body 2. In the event that there are big waves and the load on the floating body 12 is large, such as when there are strong winds a lattice girder 25 is used to provide strength, as shown, for example, in Figs. 3 and 3 a.
[0052] Electrical energy is produced by causing floating body 2 to move up and down vertically under action of waves, as shown, for example, in Fig. 4. Transmission shaft 6 is joined to the floating body 2 by using a joint type linkage. The transmission shaft 6 can be a rack 26 having gear teeth or an inflexible body which transmits its motion by friction. Movement of the floating body 2 causes the rack 26 to move vertically. Vertical movement of the rack 26 causes the rack 26 to pivot gear 27, which converts the linear motion of the rack 26 into circular motion. Spindle 21 is coupled to one-way clutch 16, which is in turn coupled to shaft 22. Shaft 22 is coupled to multiplicator 17 which increases the number of shaft revolutions. Multiplicator 17 transmits rotational force to the shaft 23 which, in turn, rotates one-way clutch 18 and shaft 24, which in turn rotate generator 20 to produce electrical energy. Flywheel 19 serves to, after the action of the turning moment finishes, keep the generator 20 rotating. [0053] Using pivot gear 27 electrical energy is produced by using a rotary generator as opposed to a linear generator. Incoming waves cause floating body 2 to rise and, through usage of joint 3 vertically shifts rack 26 upwardly, as shown, for example, in Fig. 4. The vertical movement of rack 26 is covered into circular movement by means of pivot gear 27, as shown, for example, in Fig.5. Rotary motion of pivot gear 27 is transmitted to a one-way clutch 16 through shaft 21. One-way clutch 16 transmits the rotational force in one direction. Rotary motion from one-way clutch 16 is transmitted to multiplicator 17 by use of shaft 22. Multiplicator 17 is designed, by use of gears, to increase the revolutions of shaft 22 to rotate generator 20 at higher revolutions per minute (RPM).
[0054] Multiplicator 17 can include one, two or more pairs of gears. Using multiplicator 17 the set number of revolutions with minimal loss can be realized. The rotational motion is transmitted from multiplicator 17 to a second one-way clutch 18 by use of shaft 23 and further by shaft 24 to flywheel 19, as shown, for example, in Fig. 5. Flywheel 19 serves to maintain the inertia to keep generator 20 rotating. Flywheel 19 can be positioned on either the left or right side of the generator 20. Rotation of the input shaft of generator 20 causes the product of electrical energy.
[0055] When the floating body 2 reaches the upper dead center and starts moving downwards, rack and the gear 27 change their direction. At that moment, clutch 16 disengages and shaft 21 and gear 27 rotate in the opposite direction to accommodate the downward movement of rack 26. Shaft 22, because of inertia, keeps moving in the previous direction for a short time, hi order to avoid negative impact of multiplicator resistance on the rotation of generator 20 and flywheel 19, a second one-way clutch 18 is used. The second one-way clutch 18 allows the generator shaft to keep moving under the influence of the flywheel inertia. When floating body 2 reaches the bottom dead center and starts moving vertically upwards, then the previously described process is repeated and electrical energy is being produced. [0056] In another embodiment, floating body 2 is attached to a flexible working body 28, as shown, for example, in Fig. 6. Flexible working body 28 can be in the form of a cable, a rope or a chain for example. When a wave approaches, floating body 2 moves upwardly, and pulls flexible working body 28, which goes over the pulley 24 and is coupled to magnet 10 of induction coil 9. To obtain maximum electrical energy, magnet 10 is required to oscillate around the center of induction coil 9. To accomplish central oscillation beam 8 can be raised or lowered to compensate for the tides to ensure oscillation of magnet 10 around the center of the induction coil 9. This can also be done in one of the previously described ways.
[0057] When the floating body 2 starts moving downwards, the weight 30 tightens the flexible working body 28 and the magnet 10 moves towards the upper center of the induction coil 9. In this position the resistance in the induction coil 9 is low in order to allow weight 30 to raise magnet 10. While a counterweight is shown ,other means can also be used to maintain tension in flexible working body 28 such as a spring or other biasing member, for example. Instead of one underwater pulley, two or more can be used, as shown, for example, in Fig. 6a. It is also possible to use a floating body 2 and flexible working body 28 together with a rotary generator to produce electricity. In Fig. 6A two floating bodies 2 can be seen used with a pair of flexible working bodies 28 to transmit vertical motion to magnets 10 in the induction coils 9. This arrangement allows the use of more induction coils 9 for a given space.
[0058] Placement of energy generation systems 100 for a given area having wave activity is shown, for example, in Figs 7 and 8. Fig. 7 is a top view showing the possible placements of floating bodies 2 on ocean/sea surface. Here we can see that a system of energy generation units can extend as far as needed to produce the desired power output. Fig. 8 shows the view from above on one of the possible locations of floating bodies placed on the water surface.
[0059] Another embodiment of the energy generation system is shown, for example, in Fig. 9. In this embodiment, electrical energy is produced by the floating body 32 which is much larger than those previously discussed. Floating body 32 transmits its vertical movement through the flexible working body 28 to the pulley 36 which transforms linear motion into circular motion by use of previously described system of shafts and one-way clutches to transmit rotational force to generator 20, which produces electrical energy.
[0060] Floating body 32 is designed to be oriented in the water so that approaching waves engage its lateral face along its length, which is longer that its width, as shown, for example, in Fig. 9. Orientation of floating body 32 in this fashion provides for natural stabilization and balance. Orienting floating body width wise would cause floating body to rotate into a position that does not provide the maximum lift. Floating body 32 can be two to three times longer than its width and is preferably ten and more times longer that its width. If floating body 32 is wider than the waves it encounters the efficiency of the system 100 decreases. The floating body 32 placed in such way requires minimal forces to maintain its position, and the maximum amplitude provides for the most energy. To increase the amplitude of floating body 32 and decrease losses, consoles 33 can be used, as shown, for example, in Fig. 9. This is desirable because of the need to increase motion amplitude and maintain the distance of floating body 32 from fixed columns 1.
[0061] Pulley 38 of the system can be placed either below or above the water surface, as shown, for example, in Fig. 9A. If pulley 38 is to be used above the water surface an extension 34 can be used, as shown, for example, in Fig. 9B. The width of floating body 32 is dependent upon the shape and length of the most frequent waves on the place where the floating body is situated.
[0062] Columns 1 allow for the placement of electrical energy production together with all necessary equipment above floating body 32. Columns 1 also provide for a securing point for pulley 38, as shown, for example, in Fig. 9 A and can be used to keep floating body 32 a safe distance from columns 1. The system of Fig. 9B is similar to the system of Fig. 9 with the exception of pulley 38, which is below the sea surface. [0063] A cable system is used to transform linear motion of the flexible working body 28 into rotary motion for use with a rotary generator to produce electrical energy, as shown, for example, in Fig. 10. The operation of the cable system is similar to the system shown in Fig. 5. In the cable system linear motion of the flexible working body 28 is converted into a rotation force by pulleys 36.
[0064] In the cable system, pulley 36 is rotated by flexible working body 28.
Cable system pulley 36 is coupled to another smaller pulley 36a. A second cable 37 is wound around smaller pulley 36a and includes a counter weight 30 at one end. Counter weight 30 and second cable 37 are adapted to maintain tension in flexible working body 28. In place of the counterweight 30 other means to maintain tension in flexible working body 28 can be used including a spring, electromechanically, a combination of the two or other means known to those skilled in tensioning cables. Flexible working body 28 can be a cable, a chain or any other flexible body strong enough to transmit the force to the pulley.
[0065] Pulley 36 can be ridged so it enables proper winding of the flexible working body 28 on the pulley 36. Other systems can also be used to ensure proper winding of cables on pulleys. Pulley 36 rotates shaft 21 which, in turn, rotates one way clutch 16. One way clutch 16 rotates shaft 22, which, in turn, rotates multiplicator 17. Multiplicator 17 rotates shaft 23 and second one way clutch 18. Second one way clutch 18 rotates shaft 24, flywheel 19 and the input shaft of electric motor 20. [0066] The schematic layout of the system for using wave energy is shown, for example, in Fig. 11. It can be seen that one floating body 32 can have a series of generators depending upon the length of floating body 32. Electrical cables can be coupled to the generator overhead or along the sea-bed. The orientation of the systems in relation to wave direction can be seen in Fig. 12. Single systems can be put one next to one another in order to obtain a larger output of energy. The systems are preferably spaced a wave length apart so that output power is more even. Also, the shapes of the floating bodies can be varied depending on the most frequent types of the waves and their lengths on the place of positioning.
[0067] Fig. 12 shows a floating body 32 used for long waves. Large floating bodies are used with long waves to minimize mass of the floating body in order to obtain a small inertia force and a larger output of energy. Fig. 13 shows the use of a series of induction coils 9 using the working principle that has already been explained. [0068] Another embodiment of the energy generation system is shown, for example, in Fig. 14. This system is used for shorter waves in which it is important to define the optimal mass. To increase the side rocking amplitude, and at the same time the effective labor, additional mass 64 can be placed in floating body 2. The mass 64 is adapted to be shifted along the vertical axis of the floating body 2 depending on the size of the wave. In this way it is possible to shift the center of mass, and together with it, the side shifting amplitude which enables bigger output power of electrical energy from the generator. Shifting the additional mass vertically can be done hydraulically, pneumatically, electromechanically, or a combined system, for example. A system can be used having its own drive to return the floating body to the initial position if it crosses the critical point of overturning.
[0069] In another embodiment, floating body 32 can be coupled to a rotary generator 20 by use of a rack 26, as shown, for example, in Figs. 15 and 15a. Floating body 32 is coupled to the upper electrical energy production system by rack 26 or use of a rod. Fig. 15 shows the floating body 32 with the electrical energy production system. In this figure, one floating body 32 includes multiple generators for electrical energy production.
[0070] The connection between the floating body 32 and the electrical energy production system is shown, for example, in Fig. 15 A. To increase the amplitude of shift of floating body 32 a securing post 39 is used. Securing post 39 is adapted to rest upon cylinders 40 & 41 as shown, for example in Figs. 16A and 16B. Cylinders 40, 41 are narrower toward the middle and wider at the ends as shown in Fig. 16 A. In this way, self alignment of the floating body 32 is obtained. Because of strong forces caused by the wave energy a sliding bearing 41a and support arm 44 can be used to assist in maintaining the position of the floating body 32.
[0071] The cylinders 40, 41 can have a variable radius, but it is important not to cross the line of securing post 39. The cylinders 40, 41 permanently rest on the securing post 39 so the impact load can be avoided. This can be accomplished by the system of springs in the inflexible body. The inflexible body can be lattice-type, tubular-shaped or similar structure. The floating body 32 includes at least four lateral support arms 44, a shown, for example, in Fig. 16. The lateral support arms 44 are used to prevent the overhang 39 from touching the inflexible body positioned over the cylinder 40, 41 and to prevent the inflexible body and the securing post 39 from crossing the bending line. The lateral support arms 44 should not be able to touch the columns when the securing post 39 is in the central position. The cylinder or the ball 42 include a flexible support in the lateral support arm 44. The lateral support arm 44 is constructed to keep the floating body 32 in the operating position during rough sea conditions. Through this system rotational movement is transmitted when the platform goes upwards and when it goes downwards. [0072] Fig. 15B shows a linear conversion device for converting linear movement in both directions (upwards and downwards) into a rotational motion. As the wave approaches and the platform 32 rises, the rack goes upwards and the gear 27 rotates in one direction. When the rack starts moving downwards the gear 27 rotates in the opposite direction. At this moment one-way clutch 16 is released and one-way clutch 45 accepts the turning moment and transmits the rotation force to the multiplicator 17 and to the generator. To provide rotation in the same direction an additional set of parallel gears 46, 47, 48 are used, as shown in Fig. 15 A. The shaft 49 in this case includes external gearing and a one-way clutch 45 and is coupled to the shaft 23, as shown, for example, in Fig. 15C. Fig. 15D shows the shaft that includes internal gearing, and rotation in a single direction is obtained by means of two gears, as it is shown in the drawing. [0073] Fig. 16 shows a top view of a floating body 2 with systems for electrical energy production placed at its sides. Fig. 16A shows a top view of floating body 32 in cross section. Support wheel 43 is used to prevent floating body 32 from contacting column 1. Support wheel 43 can be rubber-covered, rubber-pneumatic or metal with flexible connections to secure the wheels to the platform. Support wheels 43 prevent the floating body 32 and securing post 39 from losing contact with cylinder 40, 41 when large waves approach. The floating body 32 is maintained in the operating position by use of a lateral support arm 44 and support wheel 43. The position of floating body 32 can also be retained by use of flexible connections.
[0074] A side view of the floating body 2, with a securing post 39 is shown, for example, in Fig. 16b and 16c. Securing post 39 is in contact with the cylinders 40, 41. Vertical motion of the floating body 32 is transmitted to rack 26 and to gears 27, which converts the linear motion of the rack 26 to rotational motion as previously described. The arched shape of cylinders 40, 41 is important to allow for centralizing of securing post 39. It can be seen that the guiding of rack 26 is performed inside column 1. The guide system can be positioned inside one column as shown, or can be positioned in two separate columns.
[0075] Another embodiment of the energy generation system is shown in Fig. 17.
In this embodiment, floating body 32 includes a rack 50 pivotally attached to it. The motion of the floating body 32 is transmitted to the rack 50 over arc prisms 55 & 56 to cylinder 57, which is connected to the rack 50, as shown, for example, in Figs. 17C & 17D. A direct connection of the inflexible body 50 to the floating body, without the use of an overhang, is shown in Figs. 17a, 17c. Without an overhang, it is necessary to supply a connection 51 for coupling the rack to the gear 27. The connection 51 includes a cylinder 52 and can include bearings or other means to allow rack 50 to slide with respect to connection 51.
[0076] To prevent lateral movement of inflexible body 50, bearings 53 are used.
Bearings 53 are coupled to column 54 to provide support. Bearings 53 prevent lateral movement of inflexible body 50 but allow vertical movement in the direction of column 54. Alignment of floating body 32 is accomplished by use of arc prisms 55, 56 as shown in Figs. 17A, 17B, 17C &17D. Arc prisms 55, 56 are connected to the floating body 32, as it is shown on details A and B of Figs. 17A and 17B. The force of the waves is transmitted over the cylinder 57 to the inflexible body 50. The opposite operation is also possible, when the cylinder 57 is connected to the platform 32, and the arc prisms 55, 56 are coupled to the inflexible body 50. In this case it is also desirable to fix the floating body by previously explained lateral support arms 44 and support wheels 43. The height of columns 54 can be varied to account for tidal changes by use of a hydraulic cylinder, as shown, for example, in Fig. 17 A.
[0077] Another embodiment of the energy generation system 300 is shown, for example, in Fig. 18. Energy generation system 300 consists of two side floating bodies 61 and a central floating body 62, with the working body support at its bottom. The system 300 includes two side supports, which keep the central floating body 62 in the center of the system. The inflexible body 50 transmits motion to the upper system for electrical energy production. The side floating bodies 61 are also, at their lowest point, connected to lower construction of the system 60 over a hollow overhang. The side floating bodies 61 can consist either of individual units, as shown in Fig. 18, or one continual unit. Floating bodies 61 are coupled to the lower construction by a hollow shaft and are sealed to prevent water from entering.
[0078] Since the wavelength can vary depending upon weather conditions the spacing of the side floating bodies 61 can be varied by use of extension means 58, as shown, for example, in Fig. 18. Extension means 58 can be mechanical, electromechanical or hydraulic structures used to extend and retract side floating bodies 61. Two guides 59 are positioned vertically in the middle of the lower construction 60 to control the lateral movement of central floating body 62. Floating bodies 61, 62 are as light as possible and lower construction 60 is designed to have very low resistance when moving through the water. A hollow arch, or some similar lattice-type construction, is used to attach the power generation equipment. The power generation equipment includes a generator, a flexible or inflexible working body (shaft or cable) or an induction coil, which has already been described.
[0079] The system 300 is preferably longer than wider, as we have previously described, so the system could take the best position against the waves. The system is fixed to the sea-bed by use of an anchor. It is also possible to use a wireless system of energy transmission can be used so that the systems 300 can be positioned in different regions to capture wave energy. The efficiency of this system 300 is high because of the motion of the central floating body and the useful motion of the upper system. [0080] While embodiments have been illustrated and described in the drawings and foregoing description, such illustrations and descriptions are considered to be exemplary and not restrictive in character, it being understood that only illustrative embodiments have been shown and described and that all changes and modifications that come within the spirit of the invention are desired to be protected. The applicants have provided description and figures which are intended as illustrations of embodiments of the disclosure, and are not intended to be construed as containing or implying limitation of the disclosure to those embodiments. There are a plurality of advantages of the present disclosure arising from various features set forth in the description. It will be noted that alternative embodiments of the disclosure may not include all of the features described yet still benefit from at least some of the advantages of such features. Those of ordinary skill in the art may readily devise their own implementations of the disclosure and associated methods, without undue experimentation, that incorporate one or more of the features of the disclosure and fall within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure and the appended claims.

Claims

1. A system for producing electric power by converting wave motion of a body of water to electrical energy comprising:
a support structure secured to the bottom of the body of water;
a floating body adapted to float on the body of water;
a transmission member pivotally coupled to and laterally secured by the support structure, the transmission member adapted to move linearly in response to vertical movement of the floating body and adapted to be positioned over the floating body; and
a generator positioned above the floating body and supported by the support structure, the generator adapted to be coupled to the transmission member to generate electrical energy from the linear movement of the transmission member.
2. The system for producing electric power of claim 1 , wherein the floating body is circular in shape.
3. The system for producing electric power of claim 1, wherein the floating body includes an internal cavity.
4. The system for producing electric power of claim 1 , wherein the transmission member is an elongated rod that is pivotally coupled to floating body.
5. The system for producing electric power of claim 4, wherein the rod is coupled under the point of center of gravity of displacement of the floating body by a pivot joint.
6. The system for producing electric power of claim 1, wherein the floating body includes a flexible membrane that extends from the floating body to the transmission member to seal floating body from the body of water.
7. The system for producing electric power of claim 1 , wherein the support structure includes a set of columns that are secured to the bottom of the body of water.
8. The system for producing electric power of claim 7, wherein the support structure also includes a generally horizontal support beam coupled to the columns.
9. The system for producing electric power of claim 8, wherein the support beam is adapted to support the generator.
10. The system for producing electric power of claim 9, wherein the support beam includes a means for moving the support beam vertically with respect to the columns to compensate for changes in tide.
11. A system for production of electric power by converting wave motion of a body of water to electrical energy comprising:
a support structure;
a floating body adapted to float on the body of water, the floating body adapted to move with respect to the support structure; a transmission member pivotally coupled to and secured to the floating body and adapted to move linearly in response to vertical movement of the floating body, the transmission member positioned to lie over the floating body; and
a generator positioned above the floating body and supported by the support structure, the generator adapted to be coupled to the transmission member to generate electrical energy from the linear movement of the transmission member.
12. The system for production of electric power of claim 11, wherein the floating body includes an internal cavity.
13. The system for production of electric power of claim 11 , wherein the transmission member is an elongated rod that is pivotally coupled to floating body.
14. The system for production of electric power of claim 13, wherein the rod is coupled within the internal cavity under the point of center of gravity of displacement of the floating body by a pivot joint to allow the floating body to pivot with respect to the rod so that the floating body can pivot in response to movement of the waves.
15. The system for production of electric power of claim 11 , wherein the floating body includes a flexible membrane that extends from the floating body to the transmission member to seal floating body from the body of water.
16. The system for production of electric power of claim 11 , wherein the transmission member is a cable that couples the floating body to the generator.
17. The system for production of electric power of claim 16, wherein the cable is coupled to a pulley that rotates an input shaft of the generator to produce electricity.
18. The system for production of electric power of claim 17, wherein the cable includes a counterweight to maintain tension in the cable.
19. The system for production of electric power of claim 16 wherein the cable is coupled to a magnet used in a linear generator.
20. The system for production of electric power of claim 11 wherein the transmission member is coupled to the generator through a one way coupling and to a multiplicator to increase the number of rotations generated by the transmission member in a single direction.
21. A system for production of electric power, the system comprising:
a support structure;
a first floating body adapted to float on the body of water, the first floating body adapted to move with respect to the support structure;
a second floating body adapted to float on the body of water and move independently of the first floating body;
a transmission member pivotally coupled to the first floating body, the transmission member adapted to move linearly in response to vertical movement of the first floating body and is adapted to be positioned over the floating body; and a generator positioned above the first floating body and supported by the support structure, the generator adapted to be coupled to the transmission member to generate electrical energy from the linear movement of the transmission member.
22. The system for production of electric power of claim 21 , wherein the generator is coupled to the transmission member by use of a force transmitter, which converts the linear motion of the transmission member to a rotation force to rotate an input shaft of the generator.
23. The system for production of electric power of claim 22, wherein the force transmitter includes a pinion gear adapted to be rotated by teeth coupled to the transmission member.
24. The system for production of electric power of claim 23, wherein the pinion gear is coupled to a one-way coupling.
25. The system for production of electric power of claim 24, wherein the one-way coupling is coupled to a rotational multiplier so that the rotational speed of an output shaft of the rotational multiplier is greater than the rotational speed of an input shaft of the rotational multiplier.
26. The system for production of electric power of claim 25, wherein the output shaft of the rotational multiplier is coupled to a second one-way coupling.
27. The system for production of electric power of claim 26, wherein the second oneway coupling is coupled to a flywheel.
28. The system for production of electric power of claim 27, wherein the flywheel is coupled to the generator.
PCT/IB2007/002631 2007-09-13 2007-09-13 System for conversion of wave energy into electrical energy WO2009034402A1 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/IB2007/002631 WO2009034402A1 (en) 2007-09-13 2007-09-13 System for conversion of wave energy into electrical energy
US12/606,453 US9016055B2 (en) 2007-09-13 2009-10-27 System for conversion of wave energy into electrical energy
US14/681,568 US10227961B2 (en) 2007-09-13 2015-04-08 System for conversion of wave energy into electrical energy
US16/298,825 US11125204B2 (en) 2007-09-13 2019-03-11 System for conversion of wave energy into electrical energy
US17/478,188 US11591999B2 (en) 2007-09-13 2021-09-17 System for conversion of wave energy into electrical energy

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/IB2007/002631 WO2009034402A1 (en) 2007-09-13 2007-09-13 System for conversion of wave energy into electrical energy

Related Parent Applications (1)

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PCT/IB2008/003418 Continuation-In-Part WO2010067137A1 (en) 2007-09-13 2008-12-10 System for conversion of aquatic wave energy into electrical energy

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PCT/IB2008/003418 Continuation-In-Part WO2010067137A1 (en) 2007-09-13 2008-12-10 System for conversion of aquatic wave energy into electrical energy
US12/606,453 Continuation-In-Part US9016055B2 (en) 2007-09-13 2009-10-27 System for conversion of wave energy into electrical energy

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DE102009034927A1 (en) * 2009-02-20 2010-08-26 Wolfgang Nagel Current generation device for generating electricity using sea waves, has floating elements movably fastened at support device, where elements are moved for operating generator, and support device is connected with sea bed and/or land
WO2011069132A1 (en) * 2009-12-04 2011-06-09 Terry Henry Ocean driven energy plant
WO2011009147A3 (en) * 2009-07-23 2012-02-23 Hermann Riegerbauer Device for converting motion
WO2014058398A1 (en) * 2012-10-11 2014-04-17 Demirtas Gokhan A kind of power generating system making use of the fluid motion
CN103790759A (en) * 2013-12-23 2014-05-14 浙江大学 Multi-axial point absorption type wave energy generation device
CN106762375A (en) * 2017-03-24 2017-05-31 武新民 A kind of reciprocating floater sea wave power generator
US10641235B2 (en) * 2016-04-06 2020-05-05 Mile Dragić Device for conversion of wave energy into electrical energy and the process for its deployment at the exploitation location
CN112343758A (en) * 2020-10-23 2021-02-09 孙浴峰 Sea wave power generation device
WO2023214322A1 (en) * 2022-05-04 2023-11-09 Enrico Maria Pederini Plant for the exploitation of renewable energy sources in open sea

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DE102009034927A1 (en) * 2009-02-20 2010-08-26 Wolfgang Nagel Current generation device for generating electricity using sea waves, has floating elements movably fastened at support device, where elements are moved for operating generator, and support device is connected with sea bed and/or land
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CN106762375A (en) * 2017-03-24 2017-05-31 武新民 A kind of reciprocating floater sea wave power generator
CN112343758A (en) * 2020-10-23 2021-02-09 孙浴峰 Sea wave power generation device
CN112343758B (en) * 2020-10-23 2022-11-01 孙浴峰 Sea wave power generation device
WO2023214322A1 (en) * 2022-05-04 2023-11-09 Enrico Maria Pederini Plant for the exploitation of renewable energy sources in open sea

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