WO2008149086A2

WO2008149086A2 - Turbine arrangement

Info

Publication number: WO2008149086A2
Application number: PCT/GB2008/001905
Authority: WO
Inventors: Stephen Sparkes
Original assignee: Stephen Sparkes
Priority date: 2007-06-05
Filing date: 2008-06-05
Publication date: 2008-12-11
Also published as: EP2203641A2; GB0710706D0; WO2008149086A3

Abstract

An Omnidirectional wind speed accelerator for increasing the power output from any wind turbine consisting of: a number of radial vertical fins and sloping vanes surrounding either a horizontally or vertically mounted wind turbine, with a mouth area substantially larger than its throat area, therefore increasing its wind speed before entering the turbine.

Description

Turbine Arrangement

This invention relates to a turbine arrangement, and in particular to a turbine arrangement which permits improvements to be achieved in the efficiency or effectiveness of power generation.

Before we look into this invention in detail, we need to understand how Wind Turbines work at present, what problems and inefficiencies there are, and how this system aims to greatly improve on.

Elements, problems and efficiencies of a typical system

1. The wind speed - if you were to double the wind speed you would get 2³ (i.e.

8 times more energy from the wind). 2. The frequency of the wind speed (the longer the wind blows at greater speed the better).

3. The catchment area of the blades (i.e. diameter they can sweep out).

4. The Installed Power and efficiency of the generator, invertors and the amount of power loss in the cables. 5. The rated, cut in and cut speeds of the Turbine.

6. The location of the turbine - The more windy the site the better.

7. The position on site - Positioning the turbine clear of any obstructions which would slow down the air flow or cause turbulence.

8. The hub height is very important - where there are greater wind speeds. 9. The noise, radar echo and light flutter caused by the blades.

10. Turbine must not be too far away from the main network supply.

The net effects of the above elements combine to give a capacity factor - for the chosen turbine at a given location and hub height.

Currently, for a typical installation, this produces a capacity factor < 25%. The solutions currently used to achieve a desired output are:

1. To achieve the Installed power of one turbine, you would require at least 4 turbines of equal capacity, having an adverse effect the countryside, (taking up large amounts of space as they cannot be located within their wind shade zone), and would require four times the expense.

2. To locate the turbines only in very windy locations, including offshore.

3. To have very large turbines at ever increasing height. 4. To locate the turbines away from residential areas, which would be affected by the noise?

5. To locate the turbines away from heavy air traffic zones.

6. To locate the turbines close to a main generating network supply

7. To improve the efficiency of the electrical elements. 8. To reduce drag on the blades to make them more efficient and more quiet.

In accordance with the present invention there is provided a turbine arrangement as defined in the appended claims. Such an arrangement is advantageous in that it addresses many of the issues set out hereinbefore whereas in the typical arrangement:

• No attempt is being made to control the wind speed before it enters the turbine, i.e. increasing its speed (up to its rated speed) or reducing its speed (below the cut of speed) .

• Nor is the wind turbine combined with a photovoltaic (PV) Array so that energy can be produce even if there is no wind.

• Also there is no attempt to store the energy on site, for re-use for the times when there is no or very little wind, currently excess electrical power is sold back to the main generating network at a very low percentage of the cost they charge you. By combining the arrangement of the invention with individual Heat Pumps, which could provide 100% of the energy for the power and heating, a completely environmentally friendly, Green CHP system can be achieved.

The invention will further be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figures 1 to 15 illustrate, diagrammatically, a turbine arrangement in accordance with an embodiment in a number of different operating conditions;

Figure 16 illustrates an energy well which may be used in combination with the arrangements of Figures 1 to 15; and

Figures 17 to 20 are representations of one example.

The 'DPWSA' (dual purpose wind speed accelerator) is a 'bespoke designed' independent fixed structure that surrounds the normal freestanding turbine. The design incorporates the average wind speed at the site, the cut in, rated and cut our speed. The design would accelerate its speed to the optimum speed to vastly improve its capacity factor. Due to the funneling effect of the wind any sound generated would be more focused therefore the design can incorporate sound absorbing panels, which would be designed to absorb the sound at the correct frequency with the net effect of reducing the sound output by half over the normal turbine.

There are two types of design - The standard design and the variable design, either site onshore or offshore.

The standard 'fixed' design will only increase the wind speed entering the turbine, whilst the variable design could be used to reduce the wind speed, providing even greater capacity factors, although more costly to construct and maintain. The effects of the variable design are illustrated by way of the tables set out in Schedule A appended hereto which illustrate how, for a given design of turbine, use of the design to achieve acceleration of the wind (the design correction factor) results in a change in the capacity factor.

In its simplest construction (for small turbines), it would consist of a timber frame with plywood panels, designed to capture a greater amount of wind energy than that provided by the swept area of the blades alone, this captured wind is then focused into a reduced area, with a corresponding net increase in wind velocity, this construction is detailed below.

A metal framed structure clad with metal would be used for medium sized turbines and a reinforced concrete structure would be constructed to accommodate the largest turbines.

Example 1 : Design of a 'Fixed' Wind Accelerator (with no PV Panels^

Design assumptions: 1. All the WSA calculations are based on one location with an average wind speed 5.8 m/s and aRayleigh distribution of wind speed as fig 20.

2. The design factor is adjusted to suit each turbines cut in, rated and cut out speed.

3. The efficiency of the generator and invertors are adjusted so that the rated output is obtained at the rated wind speed.

The example design (drawings) is based on the Windsaver WSlOOO turbine, fig 17, 18, & 19.

The calculations and initial design was based on achieving a 2.66 design factor, which would be needed to raise the average wind speed to its rated speed, but after further calculations and talcing into accounts its cut in, cut out and rated speed, it is found that a design factor of 1.618 achieves the greatest capacity factor (see table below).

Advantages:

• The main advantage is the power increase as in the table above (even greater with the variable design).

• A reduction in turbines for the same power output is obtained. • An earlier payback is obtained.

• The panels reduce the noise pollution

(Fig 19 shows a typical sound absorbing panel).

• The fins enclose the rotating blades and will help reduce or completely remove the radar echo. • A fewer number of turbines will retain the views of the countryside.

• The combined system would not need to rely on the grid for reserve power as this system would have a 100% (rated output of turbine) capacity factor.

• The incorporation of PV Solar panels within the panels enable power to be generated even when there is no wind energy available • A Energy well would be used to store excess power for re-use at peek demand times or when there is no daylight or wind available.

Example 2 : Combined Wind / Solar CHP Station (With PV panels)

In this embodiment, multi-use of elements is used to extract more energy from the environment (i.e. wind, sun, geo-thermal and potential energy) in a cost effective and efficient manner, store and distribute this energy in a clean form without causing any harmful emissions.

Wind and solar energy are the major sources of renewable or 'green' energy production. Windmills and solar farms are used all over the world in order to harness the power from the environment. On average, about 75% of the total wind

' energy we receive every year (in the UK) comes between November and April, (which is the majority of the heating period), when solar power is at its least effective, so the two systems are complementary.

Large areas of the world appear to have mean annual wind speeds below 3m/s, and are unsuitable for wind power systems, and almost equally large areas have wind speeds in the intermediate range of 3-7m/s, where power may or may not be used. These areas are mainly unexploited for harnessing the wind energy, because technology does not serve efficiently this purpose yet.

Currently those areas with mean annual wind speeds exceeding 7m/s are the most technically viable for power generation.

The annual amount of solar power reaching Northern Europe on horizontal surfaces is 3.1 - 3.8 GJ/m² even more power on surfaces 'normal' to the suns rays and also more on vertical surfaces when the suns altitude is less than 45 degs. This invention extracts energy from the sun wherever the sun is located in the sky and even increases its intensity on the upper 'petals'. Other places of the world have greater solar power reaching its surface where this invention becomes even more economically viable.

Also this invention seeks to provide those areas with low wind speeds, a pioneering way to harness efficiently the energy from the environment and hence make clean energy cost effective and increase its capacity factor up to factors equalling that of nuclear power (i.e. 85% approx - with variable petals).

This invention also allows for fluctuating power supply with the energy demand needs. Energy demand is higher during the 17 hrs of daytime with concentrated peek periods within this time; also more energy is consumed within the 33 weeks of the heating season (UK).

Firstly, with reference to Figures 1 to 15, by combining a PV array to the fixed vertical fins aligned to absorb sunlight continuously throughout the day, with it duo purpose of accelerating the wind speed entering the turbine, it also cool the array making them operate more efficiently.

Secondly, by combing a PV array and mirror arrangement with the variable 'petals', which could be configured to form a 'normal' angle to the suns path, providing the maximum output in summer months, when wind energy is reduced. Alternatively its angle could be adjusted to accelerate (or decelerate) the wind speed and increase the power output of the turbine, to enable it to operate at its rated speed. During gale force winds the 'petals' could be closed.

The 'petals' would be hydrauHcally operated and controlled by a computer, its programme would know the suns location and sensors would know its present intensity, wind speed and direction. The computer programme would make all necessary adjustments automatically, to provide the maximum possible power output. Thirdly, assuming an equal distribution of wind energy throughout a 24 hour period of which 7 hours will be at a lower demand, rather than just 'sell back' this excess energy to the grid at a much reduced price, it would be stored in the 'Energy Well' along with any excess heat and power from the Solar / PV arrays, for re-use at peak times during the day or when (very rarely) there are no winds or sunlight.

The energy well consists of a borehole of large diameter (say Im min), surrounded by smaller diameter boreholes at a 1/2 of its depth, these smaller boreholes increase the water capacity stored (and therefore the energy stored). During excess energy supply periods the energy well pumps water up to top chamber (1/2 of its depth) of the main borehole, which sits above an hydro turbine, the underground water also extracts heat energy from the surrounding mass of earth, and can also be re-charged via heating coils from excess power or can be supplied directly from a solar hot water system in the summer, which would sit on top of the 'flat roof

There is no need for insulating the boreholes as any heat loss into the ground mass will in effect be a heat store, raising the surrounding natural geothermal temperature for re-use in the winter months.

The heated water would be distributed within underground (insulated) pipe work to feed individual homes, these homes within a certain radius of the power station would contain a heat pump, which would extract heat for their homes at much greater efficiency (400%) than gas (65%), homes outside of this set radius would have electric central heating (100%), supplied by a 'clean' power station which would give these homes a zero CO₂ rating with all of its tax advantages.

Present heat pump systems require an underground heating coil or borehole for each property, typically a 100m coil is buried in the ground, on a one off basis this makes it expensive, but by incorporating it in a borehole/s for duo purposes, (potential and heat energy) on a larger scheme and providing a network of distribution pipes to feed each home, its ground 'one off excavation costs are much more reduced, i.e. a 5m distribution pipe for each home compared with a coil of 100m, making this combined system more economical for every home.

With reference to the above, current wind turbines could only be sited away from residential areas, both because sites of high wind speeds are required and houses would not be in these areas and also because of the noise generated, which would cause nuisance to the adjoining neighbours and would be unlikely to get planning approval.

These objections should be reduced or removed by the following measures:

Firstly, Sound absorbing panels incorporated within the nose of the fins and petal elements, which would be acoustically designed to absorb the correct frequency emitted by the turbine, and also because the air (and therefore the noise) is focused within the segmental section formed by the fins and petals, a microphone could be placed in front of each entry into the turbine for the computer to determine the frequency and volume emitted, a opposite wave frequency and volume is transmitted from a loud speaker placed at the entrance to the cone segment directed towards the turbine, the combined effect of these measures would reduce the sound level down to background noise levels, which would not then be a problem.

Secondly, any properties which is proven to be affected by the power station (i.e. either visually or by noise) could be supplied with free energy for life, and with its zero CO2 tax advantages, should overcome any of the neighbours concerns.

Thirdly, which Local Authority would refuse free green power for their buildings or be shown to the world as 'Preventing' its county with green power.

Glossary: Installed Capacity (IC) - the total output technically possible, assuming continuous power generation. Thus, the IC of 20 turbines rated at 600 kilowatts (kW) is 12 megawatts (MW): (1 MW= 100OkW).

Capacity Factor (CF) - actual or predicted output as a % of IC. Specific calculations by the government and the wind industry assume a 30% Capacity Factor, still significantly above the average achieved.

Declared Net Capacity (DNC)-the government's theoretical expression of "the maximum power available due to the intermittent nature of wind energy". This concept is used in strategic planning and policy documents and employs an artificial Capacity Factor of 43% of IC in order to make comparisons with other energy sources.

Despite this, Welsh wind power station's have operated at below 25% Capacity Factors for the last two years, and the UK average has only been lifted slightly above this level by the considerably higher performance of the installations in Northern Ireland.

Schedule A

Wind Calculations:

Site Address xxxx Post Code xxxx Gπd Ref XXXX

Avg wind speed at 10m AGL = XXX m/s Cut in speed 35 m/s Avg wind speed at 25m AGL = XXX m/s Rated speed 13 m/s Avg wind speed at 45m AGL = XXX m/s cut out speed 25 m/s

E.G. Using avg 5.8 m/s (4.6m/s mode) from table

Price Turbine/ Generator: V90 2000 kw ???

Standard Design:

Power Output Calculation: Swept dia 90 000 m Swept area 6362 m2

Wind Occurances Approx MAX WIND BETZ MAX GENERATOR LESS INVERTOR TOTAL Speed per yr Hrs POWER POWER OUTPUT CABLE OUTPUT FOR YEAR

W W W LOSS W kWhrs

05 100 94

10 200 188

15 289 272 BELOW CUT IN SPEED

20 377 355

25 437 412

30 496 467

CIS 35 530 499 167072 88423 61896 61891 39053 19505

40 563 531 249390 131991 92393 92388 58297 30929

45 569 536 355089 187932 131552 131547 83006 44507

47 574 541 404570 214120 149884 149879 94574 51155

50 571 538 487091 257794 180456 180451 113865 61268

55 550 518 648318 343124 240187 240182 151555 78549

60 529 498 841693 445468 311828 311823 196760 98085

65 492 464 1070138 566374 396462 396457 250164 115984

70 454 428 1336577 707387 495171 495166 312450 133673

75 410 386 1643931 870055 609039 609034 384300 148478

80 366 345 1995123 1055925 739147 739142 466399 160859

85 323 304 2393076 1266543 886580 886575 559429 170277

90 279 263 2840713 1503456 1052419 1052414 664073 174594

95 238 224 3340955 1768210 1237747 1237742 781015 175164

100 197 186 3896725 2062353 1443647 1443642 910938 169108

105 165 155 4510946 2387432 1671202 1671197 1054525 163964

110 133 125 5186541 2744992 1921495 1921490 1212460 151959

115 109 103 5926432 3136582 2195607 2195602 1385425 142304

120 85 80 6733541 3563747 2494623 2494618 1574104 126084

125 68 64 7610791 4028034 2819624 2819619 1779179 114008 rated 130 51 48 8561105 4530990 3171693 3171688 2001335 96183

135 40 38 9587405 5074163 3551914 3551909 2000000 75387

140 29 27 10692613 5659098 3961368 3961363 2000000 54656

145 23 22 11879653 6287342 4401139 4401134 2000000 43348

150 16 15 13151447 6960443 4872310 4872305 2000000 30155

155 12 11 14510917 7679946 5375962 5375957 2000000 22616

160 7 7 15960986 8447400 5913180 5913175 2000000 13193

165 6 6 17504576 9264349 6485044 6485039 2000000 11308

170 4 4 19144610 10132342 7092640 7092635 2000000 7539

175 3 3 20884011 11052925 7737048 7737043 2000000 5654

180 1 1 22725700 12027645 8419352 8419347 2000000 1885

185 0 0 24672601

190 0 0 26727637 NOWINDZONE

195 0 0 28893729

200 0 0 52685

9296 8760 00 HRS / YR Total Kw per year = 2692377.11

1100 % Capacity * 17520000 kwh Capacity Factor ^J 15.37%

Approx No of dwellings = 815 9 Turbine / Generator: V90 2000 kw

With Standard Wind Speed Accelerator - Design Correction Factor »

Power Output Calculation: Swept dia 90 000 m L

Swept area 6362 m2

Wind Corrected Occurances Approx MAXWIND BETZ MAX GENERATOR LESS INVERTOR TOTAL Speed Wind Spee< per yr Hrs POWER POWER OUTPUT CABLE OUTPUT FOR YEAR

W W W LOSS W kW hrs

0 5 1 0 100 94

1 0 2 0 200 188 BELOW CUT IN SPEED

1 5 30 289 272

CIS 2 0 4 0 377 355 249430 132011 92408 92403 58306 20714

2 5 5 0 437 412 487167 257835 180484 180479 113882 46897

3 0 6 0 496 467 841825 445538 311877 311872 196791 91980

3 5 7 0 530 499 1336787 707498 495249 495244 312499 156075

4 0 8 0 563 531 1995437 1056091 739264 739259 466472 247481

4 5 9 0 569 536 2841159 1503692 1052584 1052579 664178 356127

4 7 9 4 574 541 3237066 1713227 1199259 1199254 7S6729 409318

5 0 10 0 571 538 3897338 2062678 1443874 1443869 911082 490232

5 5 11 0 550 518 5187356 2745424 1921797 1921792 1212651 628502

6 0 12 0 529 498 6734599 3564307 2495015 2495010 1574351 784811 rated 6,5 13.0 492 464 8562450 4531703 3172192 3172187 2001650 928028

7 0 14 0 454 428 10694294 5659987 3961991 3961986 2000000 855645

7 5 15 0 410 386 13153514 6961537 4873076 4873071 2000000 772719

8 0 16 0 366 345 15963494 8448727 5914109 5914104 2000000 689793

8 5 17 0 323 304 19147619 10133935 7093754 7093749 2000000 60S752

9 0 18 0 279 263 22729272 12029536 8420675 8420670 2000000 525826

9 5 19 0 238 224 26731838 14147905 9903534 9903529 2000000 448554

10 0 20 0 197 186 31178700 16501421 11550994 11550989 2000000 371282

10 5 21 0 165 155 36093243 191024S7 13371720 13371715 2000000 310972

11 0 22 0 133 125 41498850 21963391 15374373 15374368 2000000 250663

11 5 23 0 109 103 47418905 25096598 17567619 17567614 2000000 205430

12 0 24 0 85 80 53876794 28514455 19960118 19960113 2000000 160198

CUS 12 S 25 0 66 64 60895898 32229337 22560536 22560531 2000000 128158

13 0 25 0 51 48

13 5 27 0 40 38

14 0 28 0 29 27

14 5 29 0 23 22

15 0 30 0 16 15

15 5 31 0 12 11

16 0 32 0 7 7 ABOVE CUT OUT SPEED

16 5 33 0 6 6

17 0 34 0 4 4

17 5 35 0 3 3

18 0 36 0 1 1

18 5 37 0 0 0

19 0 38 0 0 0

19 5 39 0 0 0 NO WIND ZONE

20 0 40 0 0 0 00

9296 8760 00 HRS / YR Total Kw per year ^■ 9488159.19

1100 % Capacity 17520000 kwh Capacity Factor * 54.16%

I Power Increase ¹ 352% Approx No of dwellings = 2875.2 Turbine / Generator- V90 2000 kw

With Standard Wind Speed Accelerator - Design Correction Factor »

Power Output Calculation: Swept dia 90 000 m Swept area 6362 m2

Wind Corrected Occurances Approx MAX WIND BETZ MAX GENERATOR LESS INVERTOR TOTAL Speed Wind Spee< per yr Hrs POWER POWER OUTPUT CABLE OUTPUT FOR YEAR

W W W LOSS W kW hrs

0 5 1 5 100 94 BELOW CUT I N SPEED

1 0 3 0 200 188

CIS 1 5 4 5 289 272 355145 187961 131573 131568 83019 22609

2 0 6 0 377 355 841825 445538 311877 311872 196791 69913

2 5 7 5 437 412 1644189 870192 609134 609129 384361 158281

3 0 9 0 496 467 2841159 1503692 1052584 1052579 664178 310437

3 5 10 5 530 499 4511655 2387807 1671465 1671460 1054691 526756

4 0 12 0 563 531 6734599 3564307 2495015 2495010 1574351 835253 rated 4.5 13.5 569 536 9588912 5074960 3552472 3552467 2000000 1072384

4 7 14 1 574 541 10925098 5782141 4047499 4047494 2000000 1081807

5 0 15 0 571 538 13153514 6961537 4873076 4873071 2000000 1076153

5 5 16 5 550 518 17507327 9265805 6486054 6486059 2000000 1036575

6 0 18 0 529 498 22729272 12029536 8420675 8420670 2000000 996997

6 5 19 5 492 464 28898270 15294496 10705147 10706142 2000000 927263

7 0 21 0 454 428 36093243 19102457 13371720 13371715 2000000 855645

7 5 22 5 410 386 44393110 23495187 16446631 16446626 2000000 772719

8 0 24 0 366 345 53876794 28514455 19960118 19960113 2000000 689793

CUS 8 5 25 5 323 304 64623215 34202030 23941421 23941416 2000000 608752

9 0 27 0 279 263

9 5 28 5 238 224

10 0 30 0 197 186

10 5 31 5 165 155

1 1 0 33 0 133 125

11 5 34 5 109 103

12 0 36 0 85 80

12 5 37 5 68 64

13 0 39 0 51 48

13 5 40 5 40 38

14 0 42 0 29 27 ABOVE CUT OUT SPEED

14 5 43 5 23 22

15 0 45 0 16 15

15 5 46 5 12 11

16 0 48 0 7 7

16 5 49 5 6 6

17 0 51 0 4 4

17 5 52 5 3 3

18 0 54 0 1 1

18 5 55 5 0 0

19 0 57 0 0 0 NO WIND 2ONE

19 5 58 5 0 0

20 0 60 0 0 0 00

9296 8760 00 HRS / YR Total Kw per year ■ 11041337.93

1100 % Capacity ■ 17520000 kwh Capacity Factor ■= 63.02%

|Power increase ■ 410% Approx No of dwellings ■ 3345.9 Turbine / Generator: V90 2000 kw

With Standard Wind Speed Accelerator - Design Correction Factor ■ 3.5

Power Output Calculation: Swept dia 90 000 m Swept area 6362 m2

Wind Corrected Occurances Approx MAX WIND BETZ MAX 3ENERATOR LESS INVERTOR TOTAL Speed Wind Speet per yr Hrs POWER POWER OUTPUT CABLE OUTPUT FOR YEAR

W W W LOSS W kWhrs

05 18 100 94 BELOW CUT IN SPEED

10 35 200 188

CIS 15 53 289 272 563957 298476 208933 208928 131834 35903

20 70 377 355 1336787 707498 495249 495244 312499 111019

25 88 437 412 2610912 1381833 967283 967278 610352 251345

30 105 496 467 4511655 2387807 1671465 1671460 1054691 492964

35 123 530 499 7164342 3791749 2654224 2654219 1674812 836469 rated 4.0 14.0 553 531 10694294 5659987 3961991 3961986 2000000 1061076

45 158 569 536 15226837 8058849 5641194 5641189 2000000 1072384

47 165 574 541 17348652 9181826 6427278 6427273 2000000 1081807

50 175 571 538 20887293 11054663 7738264 7738259 2000000 1076153

55 193 550 518 27800987 14713756 10299629 10299624 2000000 1036575

60 210 529 498 36093243 19102457 13371720 13371715 2000000 996997

65 228 492 464 45889383 24287094 17000966 17000961 2000000 927263

CUS 70 245 454 428 57314732 30333994 21233796 21233791 2000000 855645

75 263 410 386

80 280 366 345

85 298 323 304

90 270 279 263

95 285 238 224

100 300 197 186

105 315 165 155

110 330 133 125

115 345 109 103 ABOVE CUT OUT SPEED

120 360 85 80

125 375 68 64

130 390 51 48

135 405 40 38

140 420 29 27

145 435 23 22

150 450 16 15

155 465 12 11

160 480 7 7

165 495 6 6

170 510 4 4

175 525 3 3

180 540 1 1

185 555 0 0

190 570 0 0 NO WIND ZONE

195 585 0 0

200 600 0 0

9296 8760 00 HRS / YR Total Kw per year ^■ 9835600.49

1100 % Capacity 17520000 kwh Capacity Factor = 56.14%

I Power Increase * 365% Approx No of dwellings = 2980.5 Wind Calculations

Site Address xxxx

Post Code xxxx Grid Ref xxxx

Avg wind speed at 10m AGL = xxx rn/s Cut in speed 3 5 m/s

Avg wind speed at 25m AGL = xxx m/s Rated speed 10 m/s

Avg wind speed at 45m AGL = xxx m/s SWS 63 m/s

E G Using avg 5 8 m/s (4 6m/s mode) from table

Price

Turbine / Generator Skystream 1 8 kw £6 500 + VAT Standard Design

Power Output Calculation Swept dia 3 700 m Swept area 10 752 m2

Wind Occurances Approx MAXWIND BETZ MAX GENERATOR LESS INVERTOR TOTAL

Speed per yr Hrs POWER POWER OUTPUT CABLE OUTPUT FOR YEAR

W W W LOSS W kWhrs

05 100 9423

10 200 18847

15 289 27234 BELOW CUT INSPEED

20 377 35526

25 437 41180

30 496 46740

CIS 35 530 49944 28236 14944 10461 9961 7371 3681

40 563 53054 42148 22307 15615 15115 11185 5934

45 569 53619 60011 31761 22233 21733 16082 8623

41 574 54090 68374 36187 25331 24831 18375 9939

50 571 53808 82320 43568 30498 29998 22198 11944

55 550 51829 109568 57989 40592 40092 29668 15377

SO 529 49850 142249 75286 52700 52200 38628 19256

65 492 46363 160857 95719 67003 66503 49213 22816

70 454 42782 225886 119551 83686 83186 61557 26336

75 410 38636 277830 147042 102930 102430 75798 29285

80 366 34490 337183 178455 124918 124418 92070 31755

85 323 30438 404438 214050 149835 149335 110508 33636

90 279 26291 480090 254089 177S62 177362 131248 34507

95 238 22428 554633 298834 209184 208684 154426 34634 rateo 100 197 18564 658560 346545 243981 243481 180176 33448

105 ' 165 15549 762366 403484 282439 281939 180000 27988

110 133 12533 876543 463913 324739 324239 180000 22560

115 109 10272 1001587 530093 371065 370565 180000 18489

120 85 8010 1137992 602286 421600 421100 180000 14418

125 68 6408 1286250 680752 476526 476026 180000 11534

130 51 4806 1446856 765753 536027 535527 180000 8651

135 40 3769 1620305 857551 600286 599786 180000 6785

140 29 2733 1807089 956407 669485 668985 180000 4919

145 23 2167 2007702 1062583 743808 743308 180100 3903

150 16 1508 2222640 1176339 823437 822937 180200 2717

155 12 1131 2452395 1297937 908556 908056 180300 2039

160 7 660 2697462 1427640 999348 998848 180400 1190

165 6 565 2958334 1565707 1095995 1095495 180500 1021

170 4 377 3235505 1712401 1198681 1198181 180600 681

175 3 283 3529470 1867983 1307588 1307088 180700 511

180 1 084 3840722 2032714 1422900 1422400 180800 170

165 0 000 4169755

1S0 0 000 4517063 NOWINDZONE

195 0 000 4883140

200 0 000 5268480 sws = 63m/s

9296 8760 00 HRS / YR Total Kw per year - 4487 46

100 "A ■ 15768 kw hrs Capacity Factor « 28 46%

Approx No of dwellings • 1 4 Turbine / Generator Skystream (1 8kw)

With Standard Wind Spe«d Accelerator - Design Correction Factor ^■ L

Power Output Calculation Swept dia 3 700 m Swept area 10 752 m2

Wind Corrected Occurances Appro* MAX WIND BETZ MAX GENERATOR LESS INVERTOR TOTAL Speed Wind Speed per yr Hrs POWER POWER OUTPUT CABLE OUTPUT FOR YEAR

W W W LOSS W kW hrs

05 10 100 9423

10 20 200 18847

CIS 15 30 289 27234 17781 9411 6587 6087 4505 1227

20 40 377 35526 42146 22307 15615 15115 11185 3974

25 50 437 41180 82320 43568 30498 29998 22198 9141

30 60 496 46740 142249 75286 52700 52200 38628 18055

35 70 530 49944 225886 119551 83686 83186 61557 30744

40 B 0 563 53054 337183 178455 124918 124418 92070 48846

45 90 569 53619 480090 254089 177862 177362 131248 70374

47 94 574 54090 546989 289496 202647 202147 149589 80913 rated 50 100 571 53808 6S8S 60 343545 243981 243481 180176 96949

55 110 550 51629 676543 463913 324739 324239 180000 93292

60 120 529 49850 1137992 602286 421600 421100 180000 89730

65 130 492 46363 1446856 765753 536027 535527 180000 83454

70 140 454 42782 1807089 956407 669485 668985 180000 ^•'7008

75 150 410 38636 2222640 1176339 823437 822937 180000 69545

80 160 366 34490 2697462 1427640 999348 998848 180000 62081

85 170 323 30438 3235505 1712401 1198681 1198181 180000 54788

90 180 279 26291 3840722 2032714 1422900 1422400 180000 47324

95 190 238 22428 4517063 2390669 1673468 1672968 180000 40370

100 200 197 18564 5268480 2768359 1951851 1951351 180000 33415

105 210 165 15549 6098924 3227874 2259512 2259012 180000 27988

110 220 133 12533 7012347 3711306 2597914 2597414 180000 22560

115 230 109 10272 8012700 4240745 2968522 2968022 180000 18489

120 240 B5 8010 9103933 4818284 3372799 3372299 180000 14418

125 250 68 6408 10290000 5446013 38122.09 3811709 180000 11534

130 260 51 4806 11574851 6126024 4288217 4287717 180000 8651

135 270 40 3769 12962436 6860408 4802286 4801786 180000 6785

140 280 29 2733 14456709 7651257 5355880 5355380 180000 4919

145 290 23 2167 16061620 8500660 5950462 5949962 180000 3901

150 300 16 1508 17781120 9410711 6587498 6586998 180000 2714

155 310 12 1131 19619161 10383500 7268450 7267950 180000 2035

160 320 7 660 21579694 11421118 7994782 7994282 180000 1187

165 330 5 565 23666671 12525656 8767960 8767460 180000 1018

170 340 4 377 25884042 13699207 9589445 9588945 180000 678

175 350 3 283 28235760 14943861 10460702 10460202 180000 509

180 360 1 094 30725775 16261709 11383196 11382696 180000 170

185 370 0 000

190 380 0 000

195 390 0 000

200 400 0 000 sws = 63m/s

9296 8760 00 HRS / V R Total Kw per year - 11387 85

100 % • 15768 kw hrs Capacity Factor - 72 22%

I Power Increase ' 254% Approx No of dwellings ^■■ 3 5 Turbine / Generator: Skystream (1.8kw):

With Variable Wind Speed Accelerator - Design Correction Factor ^»

Power Output Calculation: Swept dia 3 700 m Swept area 10 752 m2

Wind Corrected Occurances Approx MAX WIND BETZ MAX GENERATOR LESS INVERTOR TOTAL Speed Wind Speed per yr Hrs POWER POWER OUTPUT CABLE OUTPUT FOR YEAR

W W W LOSS W kWhrs

05 15 100 9423

10 30 200 18847

CIS 15 A 5 289 27234 60011 31761 22233 21733 16082 43.80

20 60 377 35526 142249 75286 52700 52200 38628 137.23

25 75 437 41180 277630 147042 102930 102430 75798 312.14

30 90 496 46740 480090 254089 177862 177362 131248 613.46 ratec 35 105 530 499.44 7623.66 4034.84 2824.39 2819.39 1800.00 898.99

40 120 563 53054 1137992 602286 421600 421100 180000 95497

45 135 569 53619 1620305 857551 600286 599786 180000 96515

47 141 574 54090 1846089 977048 683934 683434 180000 97363

50 150 571 53808 2222640 1176339 823437 822937 180000 96854

55 165 550 51829 2958334 1565707 1095995 1095495 180000 93292

60 180 529 49850 3840722 2032714 1422900 1422400 180000 89730

65 195 492 46363 4883140 2584417 1809092 1808592 180000 83454

70 210 454 42782 6098924 3227874 2259512 2259012 180000 77008

75 225 410 38636 7501410 3970144 2779101 2778601 180000 69545

80 240 366 34490 9103933 4818284 3372799 3372299 160000 62081

85 255 323 30438 10919830 5779353 4045547 4045047 180000 54788

90 270 279 26291 12962436 6860408 4802286 4801786 180000 47324

95 285 238 22428 15245088 8068508 5647956 5647456 180000 40370

100 300 197 18564 17781120 9410711 6587498 6586998 180000 33415

105 315 165 15549 20583869 10894074 7625852 7625352 180000 27988

110 330 133 12533 23666671 12525656 8767960 8767460 180000 22560

115 345 109 10272 27042861 14312515 10018761 10018261 180000 18489

120 360 85 8010 30725775 16261709 11383196 11382696 180000 14418

125 375 68 6408 34728750 18380295 12866207 12865707 180000 11534

130 390 51 4806 39065121 20675332 14472733 14472233 180000 8651

135 405 40 3769 43748223 23153878 16207715 16207215 180000 6785

140 420 29 2733 48791393 25822991 18076094 18075594 180000 4919

145 435 23 2167 54207967 28689729 20082810 20082310 180000 3901

150 450 16 1508 60011280 31761150 22232805 22232305 180000 2714

155 465 12 1131 66214668 35044312 24531018 24530518 180000 2035

160 480 7 660 72831468 38546273 26982391 26981891 180000 1187

165 495 6 565 79875014 42274091 29591863 29591363 180000 1018

170 510 4 377 87358643 46234824 32364377 32363877 180000 678

175 525 3 283 95295690 50435530 35304871 35304371 180000 509

180 540 1 094 103699492 54883267 38418287 38417787 180000 170

185 555 0 000

190 570 0 000

195 585 0 000

200 600 0 000 sws = 63m/s

9296 8760 00 HRS / YR Total Kw per year ■ 13653 51

100 % 157S8 kw hrs Capacity Factor ■ 86.59%

I Power Increase ■ 304% Approx No of dwellings ■ 4.1 Turbine / Generator: Skystream (1.8kw):

With Standard Wind Speed Accelerator - Design Correction Factor » 3.5

Power Output Calculation: mpi dia 3700 rn Swept area 10752 m2

Wind Corrected Occurances Approx MAXWIND BETZ MAX GENERATOR LESS INVERTOR TOTAL Speed Wind Speed per yr Hrs POWER POWER OUTPUT CABLE OUTPUT FOR YEAR

W W W LOSS W kW hrs

05 18 100 9423

CIS 10 35 200 18847 28236 14944 10461 9961 7371 1389

15 53 289 27234 95296 50436 35305 34805 25756 7014

20 70 377 35526 225886 119551 83686 83186 61557 21869

25 88 437 41180 441184 233498 163448 162948 120582 49656 ratec 3.0 105 496 467.40 7623.66 4034.84 282439 281939 180000 841.32

35 123 530 49944 1210608 640718 448503 448003 180000 89899

40 140 563 53054 1807089 956407 669485 668985 180000 95497

45 158 569 53619 2572984 1361759 953232 952732 180000 96515

47 165 574 54090 2931521 1551516 1086062 1085562 180000 97363

50 175 571 53808 3529470 1867983 1307588 1307088 180000 96854

55 193 550 51829 4697725 2486285 1740399 1739899 180000 93292

60 210 529 49850 6098924 3227874 2259512 2259012 180000 89730

65 228 492 46363 7754246 4103958 2872770 2872270 180000 83454

70 245 454 42782 9684886 5125744 3588021 3587521 180000 77008

75 263 410 38636 11911961 6304441 44131 09 4412609 180000 69545

80 280 366 34490 14456709 7651257 5355880 5355380 180000 62081

85 298 323 30438 17340286 9177398 6424179 6423679 180000 54788

90 315 279 26291 20583869 10894074 7625852 7625352 180000 47324

95 333 238 22428 24208635 12812493 8968745 8968245 180000 40370

100 350 197 18564 28235760 14943861 10460702 10460202 180000 33415

105 368 165 15549 32686422 17299387 12109571 12109071 180000 27988

11 o 385 133 12533 37581797 19890279 139231 95 13922695 180000 22560

115 403 109 10272 42943061 22727744 15909421 15908921 180000 184 B9

120 420 85 8010 48791393 25822991 18076094 18075594 180000 14418

125 438 68 6408 55147969 29167228 20431060 20430560 180000 11534

130 455 51 4806 62033965 32831662 229821 63 22981663 180000 8651

135 473 40 3769 69470558 36767501 25737251 25736751 180000 6785

140 490 29 2733 77478925 41005954 28704168 28703668 180000 4919

145 508 23 2167 86080244 45558227 31890759 31890259 180000 3901

150 525 16 1508 95295690 50435530 35304871 35304371 180000 2714

155 543 12 1131 105146441 55649069 38954348 38953848 180000 2035

160 560 7 660 115653673 61210053 42847037 42846537 180000 1187

165 578 6 565 126838563 67129690 46990763 46990283 180000 1018

170 595 4 377 138722289 73419188 51393431 51392931 180000 678

175 613 3 283 151326026 80089753 56062827 56062327 180000 509

SWS 180 630 1 094 164670952 87152596 61006817 61006317 180000 170

185 648 0 000

190 665 0 000

195 683 0 000

200 700 0 000

9296 8760 00 HRS / YR Total Kw per year ■ 14187 50

100 % > 15768 kw hrs Capacity Factor « 89.98%

[Power Increase ■ 316% Approx No of dwellings = 4 3 Generator Eff ^: 0 70

Wind Calculations Invertor Eff = 0 63

Cable Losses = 5 W

Site Address xxxx

Avg wind speed at 10m AGL = m/s Cut in speed 3 5 m/s Avg wind speed at 25m AGL = m/s Rated speed 13 m/s Avg wind speed at 45m AGL = m/s cut out speed 25 m/s

E G Using avg 5 8 m/s (4 6m/s mode) from table

Price Turbine / Generator V82 1650 kw

Standard Design

Power Output Calculation Swept dia 82 000 m Swept area 5281 m2

W W W LOSS W kW hrs

0 5 100 94

1 0 200 188

1 5 289 272 BELOW CUT IN SPEED

2 0 377 355

2 5 437 412

3 0 496 467

CIS 3 5 530 499 138684 73399 51379 51374 32366 16165

4 0 563 531 207015 109563 76694 76689 48314 25633

4 5 569 536 294754 155999 109200 109195 68793 36886

4 7 574 541 335827 177738 124416 124411 78379 42396

5 0 571 538 404327 213991 149794 149789 94367 50777

5 5 550 518 538159 284822 199375 199370 125603 65099

6 0 529 498 698676 369777 258844 258839 163068 81289

6 5 492 464 888305 470138 329097 329092 207328 96124

7 0 454 428 1109472 587191 411034 411029 258948 110784

7 5 410 386 1364602 722220 505554 505549 318496 123054

8 0 366 345 1656122 876507 613555 613550 386537 133315

8 5 323 304 1986456 1051338 735937 735932 463637 141120

9 0 279 263 2358033 1247996 873597 873592 550363 144698

9 5 238 224 2773276 1467765 1027435 1027430 647281 145170

10 0 197 186 3234613 1711928 1198350 1198345 754957 140151

10 5 165 155 3744468 1981771 1387240 1387235 873958 135888

11 0 133 125 4305269 2278577 1595004 1594999 1004849 125939

11 5 109 103 4919441 2603629 1822540 1822535 1148197 117937

12 0 85 80 5589410 2958212 2070749 2070744 1304568 104495

12 5 68 64 6317603 3343610 2340527 2340522 1474529 94487 rated 13 0 51 7106444 3761107 2632775 2632770 1658645 79713

13 5 40 38 7958360 4211986 2105993 2105988 1650000 62194

14 0 29 27 8875777 4697531 2348766 2348761 1650000 45091

14 5 23 22 9861121 5219028 2609514 2609509 1650000 35762

15 0 16 15 10916817 5777758 2888879 2888874 1650000 24878

15 5 12 11 12045293 6375007 3187504 3187499 1650000 18658

16 0 7 7 13248973 7012059 3506029 3506024 1650000 10884

16 5 6 6 14530284 7690196 5383137 5383132 1650000 9329

17 0 4 4 15891651 8410704 5887493 5887488 1650000 6219

17 5 3 3 17335501 9174866 6422406 6422401 1650000 4665

18 0 1 1 18864260 9983966 6988776 6988771 1650000 1555

18 5 0 0

19 0 0 0 NO WIND ZONE

19 5 0 0

20 0 0 0

9296 8760 00 HRS / YR Total Kw per year ^■ 2230354 35

[ΪOO % Capacity ■ 14454000 kwh Capacity Factor ■ 15 43%

Approx No of dwellings ■ 675 9 Turbine / Generator: V82 1650 kw

With Standard Wind Speed Accelerator - Design Correction Factor 1.618

Power Output Calculation: Swept dia 82000 m Swept area 5281 m2

Wind Corrected Occurances Approx MAXWIND BETZMAX GENERATOR LESS INVERTOR TOTAL Speed Wind Speej per yr Hrs POWER POWER OUTPUT CABLE OUTPUT FOR YEAR

W W W LOSS W kWhrs

05 08 100 94

10 16 200 188 BELOW CUT IN SPEED

15 24 289 272

CIS 20 32 377 355 109609 58011 40608 40603 25580 9088

25 40 437 412 214081 113303 79312 79307 49963 20575

30 49 496 467 369932 195787 137051 137046 66339 40355

35 57 530 499 587438 310903 217632 217627 137105 68476

40 65 563 531 876875 464089 324862 324857 204660 108580

45 73 569 536 1248520 660783 462548 462543 291402 156247

47 76 574 541 1422497 752861 527003 526998 332008 179585

50 81 571 538 1712647 906423 634496 634491 399730 215085

55 89 550 518 2279533 1206450 844515 844510 532041 275750

60 97 529 498 2959454 1566300 1096410 1096405 690735 344330

65 105 492 464 3762685 1991412 1393989 1393984 878210 407166

70 113 454 428 4699503 2487226 1741058 1741053 1096864 469263

75 121 410 386 5780183 3059179 2141426 2141421 1349095 521236 ratec 8.0 12.9 366 345 7015002 3712711 2598897 2598892 1637302 564700

85 138 323 304 8414234 4453259 3117281 3117276 1650000 502221

90 146 279 263 9988157 5286262 3700383 3700378 1650000 433807

95 154 238 224 11747045 6217159 4352011 4352006 1650000 370057

100 162 197 186 13701175 7251388 5075972 5075967 1650000 306308

105 170 165 155 15860823 8394388 5876072 5876067 1650000 256552

110 178 133 125 18236264 9651597 6756118 6756113 1650000 206797

115 186 109 103 20837774 11028455 7719918 7719913 1650000 169480

120 194 85 80 23675630 12530398 8771279 8771274 1650000 132163

125 202 68 64 26760107 14162867 9914007 9914002 1650000 105731

130 210 51 48 30101481 15931299 11151910 11151905 1650001 79298

135 218 40 38 33710028 17841134 12488794 12488789 1650002 62195

140 227 29 27 37596024 19897809 13928466 13928461 1650003 45091

145 235 23 22 41769745 22106763 15474734 15474729 1650004 35762 cυs 150 243 16 15 46241466 24473434 17131404 17131399 1650005 24878

155 251 12 11

160 259 7 7 ABOVE CUT OUT SPEED

165 267 6 6

170 275 4 4

175 283 3 3

180 291 1 1

185 299 0 0

190 307 0 0

195 316 0 0 NOWINDZONE

200 324 0 0

9296 876000 HRS / YR Total Kw per year ■= 6110774.73

1100% Capacity - 14454000 kwh Capacity Factor » 42.28%

I Power increase > 274% Approx No of dwellings ■ 1851.7

Turbine / Generator: V82 1650 kw

With Standard Wind Speed Accelerator - Design Correction Factor

Power Output Calculation: vept dia 82 000 m Swept area 5281 m2

Wind Corrected Ocourances Appro* MAX WIND BETZ MAX GENERATOR LESS INVERTOR TOTAL Speed Wind Spee< per yr Hrs POWER POWER OUTPUT CABLE OUTPUT FOR YEAR

W W W LOSS W kW hrs

0 5 1 0 100 94

1 0 2 0 200 188 BELOW CUT IN SPEED

1 5 3 0 289 272

CIS 2 0 4 0 377 355 207015 109563 76694 76689 48314 17164

2 5 5 0 437 412 404327 213991 149794 149789 94367 38861

3 0 6 0 496 467 698676 369777 258844 258839 163068 76218

3 5 7 0 530 499 1109472 587191 411034 411029 258948 129329

4 0 8 0 5S3 531 1656122 876507 613555 613550 386537 205072

4 5 9 0 569 536 2358033 1247996 873597 873592 550363 295100

4 7 9 4 574 541 2686617 1421900 995330 995325 627055 339176

5 0 10 0 571 538 3234613 1711928 1198350 1198345 754957 406225

5 5 11 0 550 518 4305269 2278577 1595004 1594999 1004849 520801

6 0 12 0 529 498 5589410 2958212 2070749 2070744 1304568 650325 rated 6.5 13.0 492 464 7106444 3761107 2632775 2632770 1658645 769000

7 0 14 0 454 428 8875777 4697531 3288272 3288267 1650000 705907

7 5 15 0 410 386 10916817 5777758 4044431 4044426 1650000 637494

8 0 16 0 366 345 13248973 7012059 4908441 4908436 1650000 569080

8 5 17 0 323 304 15891651 8410704 5887493 5887488 1650000 502221

9 0 18 0 279 263 18864260 998396Θ 6988776 6988771 1650000 433807

9 5 19 0 238 224 22186207 11742117 8219482 8219477 1650000 370057

10 0 20 0 197 186 25876900 13695427 9586799 9586794 1650000 306308

10 5 21 0 165 155 29955746 15854169 11097918 11097913 1650000 256552

11 0 22 0 133 125 34442154 18228613 12760029 12760024 1650000 206797

11 5 23 0 109 103 39355530 20829032 14580323 14580318 1650000 159480

12 0 24 0 85 80 44715283 23665698 16565988 16555983 1650000 132163

CUS 12 5 25 0 68 64 50540820 26748881 18724217 18724212 1650000 105731

13 0 26 0 51 48

13 5 27 0 40 38

14 0 28 0 29 27

14 5 29 0 23 22

15 0 30 0 16 15

15 5 31 0 12 11

16 0 32 0 7 7 ABOVE CUT OUT SPEED

16 5 33 0 6 6

17 0 34 0 4 4

17 5 35 0 3 3

18 0 36 0 1 1

18 5 37 0 0 0

19 0 38 0 0 0

19 5 39 0 0 0 NO WIND 2ONE

20 0 40 0 0 0

9296 8760 00 HRS / YR Total Kw per year ' 7842867.81

[100 % Capacity - 14454000 kwh Capacity Factor - 54.26%

I Power Increase ■ 352% Approx No of dwellings ^■ 2376.6

Turbine / Generator: V82 1650 kw

With Standard Wind Speed Accelerator - Design Correction Factor ^■

Power Output Calculation Swept dia 82 000 m Swept area 5281 rn2

Wind Corrected Occurancβs Approx MAX WIND BETZ MAX GENERATOR LESS INVERTOR TOTAL Speed Wind Speec per yr Hrs POWER POWER OUTPUT CABLE OUTPUT FOR YEAR

W W W LOSS W kW hrs

0 5 1 5 100 94 BELOW CUT IN SPEED

1 0 3 0 200 188

CIS 1 5 4 5 289 272 294754 155999 109200 109195 68793 18735

2 0 6 0 377 355 698676 369777 184888 184883 110930 39409

2 5 7 5 437 412 1364602 722220 361110 361105 216663 89222

3 0 9 0 496 467 2358033 1247996 623998 623993 374396 174993

3 5 10 5 530 499 3744468 1981771 990886 990881 594528 296932

4 0 12 0 563 531 5589410 2958212 1479106 1479101 887461 470831 ratee 4.5 13.5 569 53β 7558360 4211986 2105993 2105988 1250000 670240

4 7 14 1 574 541 9067334 4798914 2399457 2399452 1250000 676130

5 0 15 0 571 538 10916817 5777758 2888879 2888874 1250000 672596

5-5 16 5 550 518 14530284 7690196 3845098 3845093 1250000 647859

6 0 18 0 529 498 18864260 9983966 4991983 4991978 1250000 623123

6 5 19 5 492 464 23984247 12693735 6346867 6346862 1250000 579540

7 0 21 0 454 428 29955746 15854169 7927084 7927079 1250000 534778

7 5 22 5 410 386 36844258 19499934 9749967 97499S2 1250000 482950

CUS 8 0 24 0 366 345 44715283 23665698 11832849 11832844 1250000 431121

8 5 25 5 323 304

9 0 27 0 279 263

9 5 28 5 238 224

10 0 30 0 197 186

10 5 31 5 165 155

11 0 33 0 133 125

11 5 34 5 109 103

12 0 36 0 85 80

12 5 37 5 68 64

13 0 39 0 51 48

13 5 40 5 40 38

14 0 42 0 29 27 ABOVE CUT OUT SPEED

14 5 43 5 23 22

15 0 45 0 16 15

15 5 46 5 12 1 1

16 0 48 0 7 7

16 5 49 5 6 6

17 0 51 0 4 4

17 5 52 5 3 3

18 0 54 0 1 1

18 5 55 5 0 0

19 0 57 0 0 0 NO WIND ZONE

19 5 58 5 0 0

20 0 60 0 0 0

9296 8760 00 HRS / YR Total Kw per year ■ 6408458.30

[100 'A Capacity - 14454000 kwh Capacity Factor » 44.34%

I Power Increase 287% Approx No of dwellings ■ 1942.0

Turbine / Generator: V82 1650 kw

With Standard Wind Speed Accelerator - Design Correction Factor > 3.5

Power Output Calculation: Swept dia 82000 m Swept area 5281 m2

Wind Corrected Occurances Approx MAXWIND BETZMAX GENERATOR LESS INVERTOR TOTAL Speed Wind Speet per yr Hrs POWER POWER OUTPUT CABLE OUTPUT FOR YEAR

W W W LOSS W kWhrs

05 18 100 94 BELOW CUT IN SPEED

10 36 200 188

CIS 15 53 289 272 468059 247721 123861 123856 74313 20238

20 70 377 355 1109472 587191 293596 293591 176154 62581

25 88 437 412 2166938 1146858 573429 573424 344054 141683

30 105 496 467 3744468 1981771 990886 990881 594528 277883

35 123 530 4S9 5946077 3146979 1573490 1573485 944091 471517

40 140 563 531 8875777 4697531 2348766 2348761 1409256 747664 ratec 4.5 15.8 569 536 12637580 6688477 3344239 3344234 2006540 1075891

47 165 574 541 17348652 9181826 6427278 6427273 850000 459768

50 175 571 538 20887293 11054663 7738264 7738259 850000 457365

55 193 550 518 27800987 14713756 10299629 10299624 850000 440544

60 210 529 498 36093243 19102457 13371720 13371715 850000 423724

65 228 492 464 45889383 24287094 17000966 17000961 850000 394087

CUS 70 245 454 428 57314732 30333994 21233796 21233791 850000 363649

75 263 410 386

80 280 366 345

85 298 323 304

90 270 279 263

95 285 238 224

100 300 197 186

105 315 165 155

110 330 133 125

115 345 109 103 ABOVE CUT OUT SPEED

120 360 85 80

125 375 68 64

130 390 51 48

135 405 40 38

140 420 29 27

145 435 23 22

150 450 16 15

155 465 12 11

160 480 7 7

165 495 6 6

170 510 4 4

175 525 3 3

180 540 1 1

185 555 0 0

190 570 0 0 NO WIND ZONE

195 585 0 0

200 600 0 0

9296 876000 HRS / YR Total Kw per year « 5336594.16

1100% Capacity 14454000 kwh Capacity Factor - 3692%

I Power Increase » 239% Approx No of dwellings ■ 16171

Claims

An Omnidirectional wind speed accelerator as claimed in claim 1 for increasing the power output from any wind turbine consisting of a number of radial vertical fins and sloping vanes surrounding either a horizontally or vertically mounted wind turbine, with a mouth area substantially larger than its throat area, therefore increasing its air density before entering the turbine and resulting in a smaller rotor catchment area for an equal power output.

An Omnidirectional wind speed accelerator as claimed in claim 2 wherein the sloping vanes are moveable and operated by computer controlled actuators, which adjust the mouth area and thus reduce the corresponding wind speed to maintain the correct speed to suit the generators rated or maximum power output capacity, thus raising its overall capacity factor.

An Omnidirectional wind speed accelerator as claimed in claim 3 wherein the sloping vanes can be shut dosed in gale force wind conditions, which would protect the turbine inside and greatly extend its life and provide more scope to site these in more hostile locations susceptible to sandstorms i.e. dessert sites or even future sites on Mars. An Omnidirectional wind speed accelerator as claimed in claim 4 wherein photovoltaic cells and reflectors are attached to the vertical fins, thus abstracting solar energy even if there is little or no wind energy available, providing a more constant and greater supply of power.

An Omnidirectional wind speed accelerator as claimed in claim 5 wherein photovoltaic cells and reflectors are attached to the variable sloping vanes,

Tvhich are computer controlled to provide the best configuration to obtain the maximum energy available from either the wind or sun, based on data received from its sensors.

An Omnidirectional wind speed accelerator as claimed in claim 6 wherein the structure of the vertical fins can be adapted to carry the weight of any number of OWSA^*, stacked vertically above each other, which would greatly increase the power output without any increase in its site's footprint or with any negative effects of wind shade, normally associated with multiple wind turbines.

An Omnidirectional wind speed accelerator as claimed in claim 7 wherein the photovoltaic cells will be subject to an increase in efficiency due to the cooling effect of the moving airflow over their surfaces caused by the wind speed accelerator.

An Omnidirectional wind speed accelerator as claimed in claim 8 wherein additional ground level solar reflectors are included, which would intensify the solar energy reaching the PV cells or solar arrays, thus increasing their power output and reducing their payback time. An Omnidirectional wind speed accelerator as claimed in claim 9 wherein it incorporates sound absorbing or damping measures included within its structure, acoustically designed to match the frequency output of each type of turbine used, this will radically reduce the noise output and should ease locating the turbine in more sensitive areas in relation to noise.

An Omnidirectional wind speed accelerator as claimed in claim 10 wherein a secondary smaller wind turbine is placed behind the first main turbine at the exit air path, thus extracting still further energy from the wind, before the air passes through any sound / acoustic buffers.

An Omnidirectional wind speed accelerator as claimed in claim 11 wherein would by the very nature of its design eliminate light and radar flutter, which should ease locating the 'OWSA' in more sensitive areas in relation to shadow casting or radar interference.

An Omnidirectional wind speed accelerator as claimed in claim 12 wherein would by the very nature of its design eliminate the need to have large numbers of turbines on any one site due to its increase in power output, therefore reducing the negative effect on the landscape in more sensitive areas in regard to planning.

An Omnidirectional wind speed accelerator as claimed in claim 13 wherein solar hot water collectors are fixed to either the fins or vanes, enabling solar heated water to be collected during the summer day time and stored into underground dual purpose energy well's, for re-use in winter as an heating supply to buildings.

15 An Omnidirectional wind speed accelerator as claimed in claim 14 wherein solar heated water is stored in the dual purpose energy well, which consists of an underground borehole with an hydro turbine halfway down its length, solar heated water is stored in both top and bottom chambers of the borehole(s), heat energy is transferred by conduction into the surrounding sub-strata, therefore increasing its natural background geothermal energy store. This process is reversed in winter to provide hot water to central heating for local properties.

16 An Omnidirectional wind speed accelerator as claimed in claim 15 wherein water is pumped into the top chamber of the dual purpose energy well, when excess electrical power is available and is released through an hydro turbine half way down its length, when demand is necessary, enabling a more constant flow of power and raising the overall total capacity factor of this power station.

17 An Omnidirectional wind speed accelerator as claimed in claim 16 wherein the sloping sides of the vanes form the external envelope of a building.

18 An Omnidirectional wind speed accelerator as claimed in claim 17 wherein the total effect of these advantages, combine to enable this invention to be sited in locations which previously was thought impossible or unsuitable for wind turbines, hydro or geothermal power stations to be sited. An Omnidirectional wind speed accelerator as claimed in claim 18, where the structure of the device is so designed that wind loads are distributed over a larger area base footprint, thereby keeping bearing stresses to a minimum.

An Omnidirectional wind speed accelerator as claimed in claim 19, where the top of the structure is designed to increase the wind's lifting force, via a circular flat roof, concentrating the main lifting force in the centre, where greater moments are formed by the wind force on the turbine. This lifting force, which increases with wind speed compensates for the increasing moments from the turbine. This advantage with the benefit of claim 19 will enable the structure to be sited on low stress bearing surfaces, without the need for further structural reinforcing, e.g. flat roofs, floating structures etc.