WO2008045329A2 - Bone cement mixing and delivery system and method - Google Patents
Bone cement mixing and delivery system and method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2008045329A2 WO2008045329A2 PCT/US2007/021408 US2007021408W WO2008045329A2 WO 2008045329 A2 WO2008045329 A2 WO 2008045329A2 US 2007021408 W US2007021408 W US 2007021408W WO 2008045329 A2 WO2008045329 A2 WO 2008045329A2
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- mixing
- mixture
- delivery
- set forth
- motor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
- A61B17/88—Osteosynthesis instruments; Methods or means for implanting or extracting internal or external fixation devices
- A61B17/8802—Equipment for handling bone cement or other fluid fillers
- A61B17/8805—Equipment for handling bone cement or other fluid fillers for introducing fluid filler into bone or extracting it
- A61B17/8822—Equipment for handling bone cement or other fluid fillers for introducing fluid filler into bone or extracting it characterised by means facilitating expulsion of fluid from the introducer, e.g. a screw pump plunger, hydraulic force transmissions, application of vibrations or a vacuum
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
- A61B17/88—Osteosynthesis instruments; Methods or means for implanting or extracting internal or external fixation devices
- A61B17/8802—Equipment for handling bone cement or other fluid fillers
- A61B17/8805—Equipment for handling bone cement or other fluid fillers for introducing fluid filler into bone or extracting it
- A61B17/8816—Equipment for handling bone cement or other fluid fillers for introducing fluid filler into bone or extracting it characterised by the conduit, e.g. tube, along which fluid flows into the body or by conduit connections
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B17/88—Osteosynthesis instruments; Methods or means for implanting or extracting internal or external fixation devices
- A61B17/8802—Equipment for handling bone cement or other fluid fillers
- A61B17/8833—Osteosynthesis tools specially adapted for handling bone cement or fluid fillers; Means for supplying bone cement or fluid fillers to introducing tools, e.g. cartridge handling means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01F27/05—Stirrers
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- B01F27/054—Deformable stirrers, e.g. deformed by a centrifugal force applied during operation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01F27/05—Stirrers
- B01F27/07—Stirrers characterised by their mounting on the shaft
- B01F27/072—Stirrers characterised by their mounting on the shaft characterised by the disposition of the stirrers with respect to the rotating axis
- B01F27/0721—Stirrers characterised by their mounting on the shaft characterised by the disposition of the stirrers with respect to the rotating axis parallel with respect to the rotating axis
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01F27/05—Stirrers
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- B01F27/072—Stirrers characterised by their mounting on the shaft characterised by the disposition of the stirrers with respect to the rotating axis
- B01F27/0726—Stirrers characterised by their mounting on the shaft characterised by the disposition of the stirrers with respect to the rotating axis having stirring elements connected to the stirrer shaft each by a single radial rod, other than open frameworks
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01F27/1123—Stirrers characterised by the configuration of the stirrers with arms, paddles, vanes or blades sickle-shaped, i.e. curved in at least one direction
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01F27/80—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis
- B01F27/90—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis with paddles or arms
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
- B01F35/30—Driving arrangements; Transmissions; Couplings; Brakes
- B01F35/32—Driving arrangements
- B01F35/32005—Type of drive
- B01F35/3204—Motor driven, i.e. by means of an electric or IC motor
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- B01F35/56—General build-up of the mixers
- B01F35/562—General build-up of the mixers the mixer or mixing elements being collapsible, i.e. when discharging the products
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
- B01F35/75—Discharge mechanisms
- B01F35/752—Discharge mechanisms with arrangements for converting the mechanism from mixing to discharging, e.g. by either guiding a mixture back into a receptacle or discharging it
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
- B01F35/75—Discharge mechanisms
- B01F35/754—Discharge mechanisms characterised by the means for discharging the components from the mixer
- B01F35/75425—Discharge mechanisms characterised by the means for discharging the components from the mixer using pistons or plungers
- B01F35/754251—Discharge mechanisms characterised by the means for discharging the components from the mixer using pistons or plungers reciprocating in the mixing receptacle
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- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
- A61B17/88—Osteosynthesis instruments; Methods or means for implanting or extracting internal or external fixation devices
- A61B17/8802—Equipment for handling bone cement or other fluid fillers
- A61B17/8833—Osteosynthesis tools specially adapted for handling bone cement or fluid fillers; Means for supplying bone cement or fluid fillers to introducing tools, e.g. cartridge handling means
- A61B2017/8838—Osteosynthesis tools specially adapted for handling bone cement or fluid fillers; Means for supplying bone cement or fluid fillers to introducing tools, e.g. cartridge handling means for mixing bone cement or fluid fillers
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61B17/88—Osteosynthesis instruments; Methods or means for implanting or extracting internal or external fixation devices
- A61B17/8802—Equipment for handling bone cement or other fluid fillers
- A61B2017/8844—Means for determining the viscosity of bone cement
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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Definitions
- the present invention is generally related to bone cement mixing and delivery systems in which separate components of bone cement are mixed together in a mixer to form a bone cement mixture.
- the mixture is transferred to a delivery device and then delivered to a target site, such as a vertebral body or other anatomical site.
- Bone cement mixing and delivery systems are well known for mixing separate components of bone cement together to form a uniform bone cement mixture and then delivering that mixture to a target site.
- a mixer having a handle for manually mixing the components.
- the mixture is then manually transferred to a delivery device such as a syringe.
- the syringe is used to inject the mixture into the target site.
- target sites include medullary canals for total hip arthroplasty procedures, vertebral bodies for vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty procedures, and other sites in which bone cement is required.
- Earle discloses a motorized mixer that is used to mix the bone cement components.
- the mixer mixes the components a pre-selected amount of time, as set by the user.
- the mixer stops automatically and pressure is applied to the mixture to push the mixture out through a port in the bottom of the mixer to a syringe or a delivery cartridge.
- the liquid component then passes through channels defined in the plunger's head to the powder chamber.
- the user shakes the body to mix the components in the powder chamber and form the bone cement mixture.
- the user manually presses the plunger to discharge the mixture out of an exit port and through a flexible conduit to a target site.
- the present invention provides a bone cement mixing and delivery system.
- the system comprises a mixer and a delivery device.
- the mixer includes a housing defining a mixing chamber for receiving the components of bone cement.
- the delivery device includes a reservoir defining a delivery chamber in communication with the mixing chamber for receiving the mixture from the mixing chamber.
- the mixer further includes a mixing paddle disposed in the mixing chamber for mixing the components to form the mixture.
- a mixing shaft engages the mixing paddle.
- a transfer mechanism transfers the mixture out from the mixing chamber and into the delivery chamber.
- a motor operatively engages both the mixing shaft and the transfer mechanism. The motor operates to rotate the mixing shaft and mix the components in the mixing chamber for a predetermined mixing time to form the mixture.
- the motor also operates to actuate the transfer mechanism to automatically transfer the mixture from the mixing chamber to the delivery chamber after the predetermined mixing time has elapsed.
- a method of mixing and transferring the components includes disposing the components in the mixing chamber of the mixer with the mixing paddle. Operation of the motor is started to actuate the mixing shaft and move the mixing paddle in the mixing chamber to mix the components for a predetermined mixing time. After the predetermined mixing time elapses, operation of the motor continues to actuate the transfer mechanism. A predetermined amount of the mixture is automatically transferred from the mixing chamber to the delivery chamber after the predetermined mixing time has elapsed 95 and in response to actuating the transfer mechanism.
- the system and method of the present invention have the advantage of using the same motor to actuate both the mixing paddle and the transfer mechanism to minimize weight, cost, and waste, especially considering that the system is preferably intended for single use. Furthermore, the system and 100 method of the present invention reduce user interaction compared to prior art devices and increases the readiness in which an operator can prepare a batch of bone cement for surgical purposes. This is useful when the bone cement increases in viscosity quickly and has a short working window.
- HO and delivery system including a mixer and a delivery device
- Figure 2 is a side elevational view of the system of Fig. 1;
- Figure 3 is a top view of the system of Fig. 1;
- Figure 4 is a partial front perspective view of the system with a casing and middle housing portion removed to show a motor and transfer 115 mechanism of the mixer;
- Figure 5 is a partial top perspective view of a bottom housing portion of the mixer showing a switch and gears of the transfer mechanism
- Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the system of Fig. 1 in a mixing phase
- Figure 7 is another cross-sectional view of the system of Fig.
- Figure 8 is a perspective view of a mixing shaft of the mixer
- Figure 9 A is a top perspective view of a mixing paddle of the mixer; 125 [0022]
- Figure 9B is a top perspective view of the mixing paddle in a flattened state;
- Figure 11 is a top perspective view of a piston of the mixer
- Figure 12 is a bottom perspective view of the piston
- Figure 13 is a cross-sectional view of the piston taken generally along the line 13-13 in Fig. 11;
- Figure 14 is a top perspective view of a mixer housing of the mixer
- Figure 15 is a bottom perspective view of the mixer housing
- Figure 16 is a side elevational view of the mixer housing
- Figure 17 is a top perspective view of a transfer disc of the mixer.
- Figure 18 is a bottom perspective view of the transfer disc
- Figure 19 is a cross-sectional view of the transfer disc taken generally along the line 19-19 in Fig. 17;
- Figure 20 is a cross-sectional view of the system of Fig. 1 in a transfer phase
- Figure 21 is another cross-sectional view of the system of Fig.
- Figure 22 is an exploded view of a base of the mixer
- Figure 23 is a top perspective view of the base of the mixer
- Figure 24 is a perspective view of a transfer gear
- Figure 25 is a perspective view of a driver
- Figure 26 is a perspective view of a switch nut
- Figures 27-29 are perspective views of various spur gears
- Figure 30 is a top perspective view of a cap of the mixer
- Figure 31 is a bottom perspective view of the cap
- Figure 32 is a cross-sectional view of the cap taken generally
- Figure 33 is a top perspective view of a valve ring of the mixer
- Figure 34 is a cross-sectional view of the valve ring taken generally along the line 34-34 in Fig. 32;
- Figures 35A-38B are top perspective views of alternative mixing paddles in normal and flattened states
- Figure 39 is a top perspective view of the delivery device
- Figure 40 is an exploded perspective view of the delivery device; 165 [0049] Figure 41 is a cross-sectional view of the delivery device;
- Figure 42 is a top view of a valve housing of the delivery device
- Figure 43 is a partial cross-sectional perspective view illustrating an optional clutch mechanism of the delivery device
- Figure 44 is a top perspective view of an alternative plunger of the delivery device
- Figure 45 is a bottom perspective view of an alternative proximal knob portion of the delivery device.
- Figures 46 is a top perspective view of the delivery device
- Figure 48 is a perspective view of a lock fitting of the extension tube; 180 [0057] Figure 49 is an electrical schematic of the mixer;
- Figure 50 is a top perspective view of a motorized delivery device
- Figure 51 is an exploded view of the motorized delivery device.
- Figure 52 is a cross-sectional view of the motorized delivery device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
- the system 100 includes a mixer 102 to mix separate components of bone cement to form a bone cement mixture and a delivery device 104 to deliver the mixture to a target site.
- the target site may be an anatomical site such as a vertebral body or the target site may be in or near an implant to fix the implant in position.
- the system 100 is useful in any procedure in which bone cement or any other mixture is required, particularly when time is a constraint and exposure of the material or its vapors to the user is to be minimized.
- the system 100 is capable of mixing the components and automatically transferring the mixture to the delivery device 104 upon completion of mixing with no operator interaction.
- This automatic transfer feature reduces time and energy otherwise spent by a user to manually mix and transfer the mixture to a delivery device such as a conventional syringe.
- the system 100 also reduces exposure of the user to the bone cement components during mixing and transfer when compared to
- the mixer 102 includes a base 106 for supporting the mixer 102 on a surface.
- the base 106 includes rubber feet 105 for
- a casing 107 mounts to the base 106 to cover the base and provide an aesthetically pleasing shape to the mixer 102.
- a mixer housing 108 is coupled to the casing 107.
- a transfer conduit 110 links the mixer housing 108 to the delivery device 104. The transfer conduit 110 conveys the mixture from the mixer 102 to the delivery device 104.
- a switch cover 112 is pivotally mounted to the casing 107
- the mixer 102 is battery-powered. Batteries 115 are used to power a motor 150 that drives the mixing and transfer operations of the mixer 102. In one embodiment, a battery pack 109 of eight batteries 115 is used to power the motor 150.
- the motor 150 is preferably a reversible DC motor such as those available from Mabuchi Motor Co. of Matsudo
- the mixer 102 is preferably disposable such that the motor 150 and batteries 115 are selected for single use.
- a switch 117 closes a circuit (see FIG. 49) between the batteries 115 and the motor 150 to begin operation of the motor 150.
- the switch button 114 when pressed, trips the switch 117 to close the circuit.
- the base 106 of the mixer 102 comprises a bottom housing portion 118 and a middle housing portion 116 secured to the bottom housing portion 118 using conventional fasteners, adhesives, and the like.
- a mixing shaft 120 is rotatably supported between the housing portions 116, 118.
- mixing shaft 120 has a mixing gear 122 with mixing gear teeth 123 at one end.
- the mixing shaft 120 is rotatably supported in the bottom housing portion 118 by a centering pin 119.
- the mixing shaft 120 extends from the mixing gear end to a second end 124 that is connected to a mixing paddle 126. This connection is preferably releasable, but could include integral or fixed connections.
- the mixing paddle 126 includes a hub
- the mixing paddle 126 is formed of injection molded plastic. In other embodiments, the mixing paddle 126 is formed from a flat piece of plastic or metal material. In these embodiments, the mixing paddle 126 is cut from the flat piece of material and folded/shaped to the configuration shown in FIG. 9 A.
- the mixing paddle 126 includes a flat base section 222 and a bent flap 220
- the flat base section 222 is fixed to the hub 128 by being integrally molded with the hub 128 or by adhesive or the like.
- the hub 128 extends downwardly from the flat base section 222.
- the bent flap 220 is radially spaced from a center of the hub 128. As the mixing paddle 126 rotates, the bent flap 220 urges the bone cement components upwardly.
- a pair of flat arms 224
- the flat arms 224 act as mixing vanes to mix the bone cement components.
- a flat connector section 226 extends between and connects the flat arms 224.
- the flat connector section 226 forms an obtuse angle A with the flat
- the piston 134 includes a pair of flexible tabs 135 that rest beneath a shoulder 137 defined in the interior surface of the mixer housing 108. The flexible tabs 135 hold the piston 134 in
- the mixer 102 may be shipped with a powder component of the bone cement stored in the mixing chamber 138.
- a cap 140 is releasably coupled to the mixer housing 108 during shipment to keep the powder component in the mixing chamber 138. More specifically, the cap 140 is secured to a cylindrically-shaped top port 141 of the mixer housing 108.
- the top port 141 defines a pour opening 143 (see FIG. 14) that enters the mixing chamber 138 through a plurality of web sections 145 that form a web.
- a plurality of port flanges 147 extends radially outwardly from the top port 141 to engage the cap 140.
- the cap 140 includes a plurality of locking tabs 149 that engage the port flanges 147 to lock the cap 140 to the mixer housing 108.
- cap 140 to the mixer housing 108.
- the user removes the cap 140 to add a liquid component of the bone cement through the pour opening 143 to the powder component already placed in the mixing chamber 138 or also added through the pour opening 143. Once the components are disposed in the mixing chamber 138, the mixer 102 is ready for operation.
- the motor 150 operates through a gear arrangement to rotate the mixing shaft 120 during the mixing phase to mix the powder and liquid components. Rotation of the mixing shaft 120 imparts rotation to the mixing paddle 126, which is disposed in the mixing chamber 138.
- the gear arrangement includes a face gear 152 having a set of face gear teeth 154.
- a pinion gear 156 (see FIG. 22) is
- the face gear 152 drives a first spur gear 160, which drives a second spur gear 166. More specifically, the face gear 152 has a lower set of gear teeth
- a lower set of spur gear teeth 164 formed on the first spur gear 160 continuously engages an upper set of spur gear teeth 168 formed on the second spur gear 166.
- the upper set of spur gear teeth 168 engages the mixing gear teeth 123 to rotate the mixing shaft 120 and mixing paddle 126 during the mixing phase.
- the second spur gear 166 drives a third spur gear 167.
- a lower set of spur gear teeth 170 formed on the second spur gear 166 engages a lower set of spur gear teeth 169 formed on the third spur gear 167.
- the third spur gear 167 also includes an upper set of spur gear teeth 171 (see FIG. 7). The upper set of spur gear teeth 171 formed on the third spur gear 167 engages a set of transfer
- the transfer gear 172 is generally cylindrical and includes a first
- the mixing shaft 120 is rotatably supported in the aperture such that rotation of the mixing shaft 120 does not interfere with rotation of the transfer gear 172.
- the speed with which the mixing shaft 120 and transfer gear 172 rotate depends on the gear ratios of the gears. In some embodiments, the gear ratios are set such that the transfer gear 172 rotates
- the transfer gear 172 forms part of a transfer mechanism of the mixer 102.
- the transfer mechanism transfers the mixture out from the mixing chamber 138 and into a delivery chamber of the delivery device 104 after mixing.
- Transfer threads 178 are defined on an outer surface of the transfer gear 172.
- the switch nut 180 is fixed from rotation so that as the transfer gear 172 rotates, the switch nut 180 moves along the outer surface of the transfer gear 172.
- the switch nut 180 has two projections 182 with a notch 184 defined therebetween.
- the notch 184 rides along an edge of a printed circuit board 186 fixed to the bottom housing 118 to prevent rotation of the switch nut
- the edge of the printed circuit board 186 rides in the notch 184 between the projections 182 as the transfer gear 172 rotates thereby preventing the switch nut 180 from rotating.
- the motor 150 by way of its rotation of the transfer gear 172, operatively engages the switch nut 180. This is best shown in FIG. 5.
- the switch nut 180 rides along the printed circuit board 186 as it further threads onto the transfer gear 172 in one direction until it engages a second switch 190 (see FIG. 5), spaced from the switch 117.
- the switch nut 180 acts as a switch actuator 180.
- Other suitable actuators could be employed.
- the second switch 190 when tripped by
- the transfer mechanism further includes a driver 192 that is keyed to the transfer gear 172 to rotate with the transfer gear 172.
- the transfer gear 172 operatively couples the motor 150 to the driver 192.
- the driver 192 includes
- the transfer gear 172 includes keys 195 (see FIG. 22) slidably disposed in the keyways 193.
- the driver 192 could include the keys 195, while the transfer gear 172 includes the keyways 193.
- other coupling mechanisms could be used to lock rotation of the transfer gear 172 to the driver 192.
- the driver 192 is free to move axially relative to the transfer gear 172.
- the driver 192 has driving threads 194 defined on its outer surface. During the mixing phase, the driving threads 194 are rotatably received in a bore 196 of a transfer disc 198.
- the transfer disc 198 is coupled to a bottom of the mixer housing 108 and fixed from movement.
- the transfer disc 198 also forms part of the transfer mechanism and acts as a drive nut 198 for the driver 192.
- the transfer phase continues for a predetermined transfer period, which is defined between the start of transfer and the actuation of the second switch 190, which ceases operation of the motor 150.
- the piston 134 urges the piston 134 upwardly to move through the mixing chamber 138.
- the piston 134 is sealed to the wall of the mixer housing 108 and includes a face that contacts the mixture in the mixing chamber 138.
- the mixture is pushed upwardly through an exit port 204 (also referred to as a transfer port 204; see FIG. 21) into the transfer conduit 110 and then into the delivery device 104. For this reason, the piston
- 385 134 is also considered part of the transfer mechanism of the mixer 102.
- the driver 192 advances in the transfer phase and moves the piston 134 through the mixing chamber 138, the driver 192/piston 134 disengages the mixing paddle 126 from the mixing shaft 120. More specifically, the hub 128 with inner splines 130 is lifted off the outer splines 132 on the mixing shaft 120 to
- the motor 150 operates through the gear arrangement to rotate the mixing shaft 120 and actuate the mixing paddle 126 during the mixing phase to mix the powder and liquid components, while also rotating the transfer gear 172 to actuate the transfer mechanism to automatically transfer the mixture from the mixing chamber
- the motor 150 operatively engages both the mixing shaft 120 and the transfer mechanism (including the transfer gear 172, driver 192, piston 134, etc.). The motor 150 continues operation from its start, upon actuation of the switch 117, until it stops upon actuation of the second switch 190, during which
- the second switch 190 reverses the polarity of the motor 150 and causes the transfer gear 172 to reverse its rotation. Consequently, the switch nut 180 changes direction and rides back along the printed circuit board 186.
- the threads 202 are configured such that during the mixing phase the driving threads 194 cannot engage the threads 202 of the transfer
- the bottom of the mixer housing 108 includes a flange 173 and a short wall 175 extending downwardly from the flange 173.
- a plurality of locking tabs 177 are spaced circumferentially about the short wall 175 and extend radially outwardly from the short
- FIG. 22 illustrates an exploded view of the base 106 including the bottom housing portion 118, the middle housing portion 116, and the gear arrangement disposed therebetween for converting motor operation into mixing and
- FIG. 23 shows the base 106 fully assembled.
- the cap 140 is shown.
- the cap 140 is shown.
- a cap wall 234 is disposed on the top 232 and extends downwardly from the top 232 to a bottom wall 236.
- a gripping flange 238 extends downwardly from the top 232 and is spaced from the cap wall 234.
- a plurality of locking tabs 240 are disposed on the gripping flange 238 and extend radially inwardly into a gap between the gripping flange 238 and the cap wall 234. The locking tabs 240 engage
- a valve 206 is arranged in the exit port 204 to prevent the escape of unmixed components during mixing.
- the valve includes a plastic or metal ring 210 having a plurality of apertures 212 for receiving an elastomeric material 213 in a molding process. The material 213
- FIGS. 35A-38B Alternative embodiments of the mixing paddle 126 are shown in FIGS. 35A-38B.
- the mixing paddle 126' is formed of plastic and includes a pair of flat arms 224' extending upwardly from a flat base section 222'.
- a pair of opposed bent flaps 220' form an obtuse angle with the flat base section 222'.
- the flat arms 224' are opposed from one another on opposite sides 460 of a center of the mixing paddle 126'.
- the flat arms 224' further include bent ends
- the mixing paddle 126' is formed of metal such as stainless steel or aluminum.
- a mixing paddle 126" has a pair of opposed arms 224" that are pivotally connected to a flat base section 222" by a pair of pivot pins 229.
- a mixing paddle 126' includes a flat base section 222'", a bent flap 220'" forming an obtuse angle with the flat base
- the arms 224', 224", 224'" are configured to be supported by the wall of the mixer housing 108 during rotation in the clockwise direction (when
- 480 transfer gear 172, face gear 152, spur gears 160, 166, 167, switch nut 180, driver 192, piston 134, cap 140, mixing paddle 126, bottom housing portion 118, middle housing portion 116, casing 107, and switch cover 112 are preferably formed of a biocompatible plastic material such as nylon, PBT (polybutylene terephthalate), PC (polycarbonate), ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene), glass-filled nylon, glass-filled
- the delivery device 104 is shown.
- the delivery device 104 comprises a reservoir 302 defining the delivery chamber for 490 receiving the bone cement mixture from the transfer conduit 110 during the transfer phase.
- the reservoir 302 includes an entry port 314 (or inlet port 314) defined in a sidewall of the reservoir 302.
- a valve housing 316 (see also FIG. 42) is outfitted with an o-ring 318 and is seated in the entry port 314.
- the valve housing includes a plurality of flow paths 319 and a central bore 321. As shown in FIG. 41, a one-way
- umbrella valve 320 is supported in the central bore 321 of the valve housing 316 such that the bone cement mixture opens the valve 320 to fill the reservoir 302.
- the oneway umbrella valve 320 prevents the bone cement mixture from re-entering the mixer 102 during the transfer phase.
- a handle 304 is mounted about the reservoir 302 for grasping by the user.
- a rotatable fitting 322 is secured in the valve housing 316 during the mixing and delivery phases. To accomplish this, the rotatable fitting 322 fits through an aperture 325 in the handle 304.
- the rotatably fitting 322 includes a pair of diametrically opposed locking tabs 306 that engages the handle 304.
- the handle 304 includes a plurality of locking flanges 327 spaced circumferentially from one another
- the locking flanges 327 extend radially inwardly into the aperture 325.
- the locking tabs 306 pass into the aperture 325 between the locking flanges 327 and are rotated into place with the locking tabs 306 disposed beneath the locking flanges 327.
- An annular flange 329 of the rotatable fitting 322 rests on top of the locking flanges 327 when in position (see FIG. 41).
- a throughbore 331 is defined through the rotatable fitting 322 to transfer the bone cement mixture to the reservoir 302 from the transfer conduit 110. During transfer the bone cement mixture passes through the throughbore 331 under pressure thereby opening the one-way umbrella valve 320 and passing through the flow paths 319 (see
- the rotatable fitting 322 is rotated counterclockwise to release the rotatable fitting 322 from the valve housing 316 thereby allowing the user to remove the delivery device 104 from its cradle mounts 333 on the mixer 102 in preparation for delivering the bone cement mixture to the target site.
- a nut 324 is mounted to a proximal end of the reservoir 302.
- the proximal end of the reservoir 302 has a rectangular flange 326 for supporting the nut 324.
- the rectangular flange 326 slides into a slot 328 defined in the nut 324.
- the nut 324 has a generally box-like shape that is secured between two halves 330, 332 of the handle 304.
- Each half 330, 332 of the handle 304 has a complimentary 525 box-shaped cavity 334 such that the nut 324 fits snugly in the cavities 334 when the halves 330, 332 are fixed together.
- the halves 330, 332 may be fixed together by conventional fasteners, adhesives, and the like.
- a plunger 310 drives the mixture through the delivery chamber of the reservoir 302 during delivery.
- the plunger 310 includes a threaded shaft 336
- a plunger head 344 is snap-fit to the threaded shaft 336 to form a distal end of the plunger 310.
- the plunger head 344 is snap-fit to the threaded shaft 336 by inserting a stem 346 of the plunger head 344 into a bore 348 defined through the threaded shaft 336. Referring to FIGS. 40 and 41, the stem 346 has a pair of diametrically opposed detent ramps 354 that slide through the bore 348 in
- a proximal end 311 of the plunger 310 has a generally box-like shape.
- a knob 312 is mounted about the proximal end 311 of the plunger 310 to facilitate rotation of the plunger 310.
- the knob 312 has a proximal knob portion 340 defining a box-shaped cavity 341 for receiving the proximal end 311 of the plunger
- a distal knob portion 342 is fastened to the proximal knob portion 340 using fasteners, adhesives, or the like.
- the proximal end 311 of the plunger 310 is captured between the proximal 340 and distal 342 knob portions to prevent the proximal end 311 of the plunger 310 from slipping out of the box-shaped cavity 341.
- a proximal end of the plunger shaft 360 includes a flange 362 and a plurality of projections 364 disposed on the flange 362.
- the plurality of projections 364 extend proximally from the flange 362.
- the projections 364 are circumferentially spaced from one another about a periphery of the flange 362.
- Each of the projections 364 has a vertical surface 366 and an angled surface 368 (forms acute angle with flange 362) meeting at a plateau 370 generally parallel to the flange 362.
- a knob 371 is mounted to the proximal
- the knob 371 includes a proximal knob portion 372.
- the proximal knob portion 372 includes a top 374 and a plurality of complimentary projections 376 disposed on the top 374 and extending distally from the top 374.
- the complimentary projections 376 mate with the projections 364 on the flange 362 by fitting in spaces defined between the projections
- Each of the complimentary projections 376 also includes a vertical surface 378 and an angled surface 380 meeting at a plateau 382 generally parallel to the top 374.
- a distal knob portion 384 is fastened to the proximal knob portion 372 using fasteners, adhesives, or the like. The proximal end of the plunger
- the 570 shaft 360 is captured between the proximal 372 and distal 384 knob portions.
- the plunger shaft 360 passes through a bore 385 defined through the distal knob portion 384.
- a spring 386 rests on a shoulder 388 defined in the distal knob portion 384 about the bore 385. The spring 386 acts between the shoulder 388 and the flange 362.
- This clutch mechanism can be configured to slip when undesired pressures are reached in the delivery device 104.
- the projections 376 formed on the proximal knob portion 372 engage the projections 364 formed on the flange 362 of the plunger shaft 360.
- the angled surfaces 368, 380 engage one another as the user rotates the knob 371
- the spring 386 acts to keep the angled surfaces 368, 380 in engagement during normal operation. However, when undesired pressures are reached the angled surfaces 368, 380 begin to slip and the flange 362 separates from the proximal knob portion 372. As a result, the projections 364, 376 slide out of engagement thereby preventing further advancement of the plunger shaft 360 until pressure is normalized.
- an extension tube 400 is shown mounted to the distal end of the reservoir 302.
- the extension tube 400 is automatically primed with bone cement during the transfer phase.
- the system 100 is designed for use with specified mixture volumes that fill both the
- the extension tube 400 includes a tube fitting 402 for securing the extension tube 400 to the delivery port 306 of the reservoir 302.
- the delivery port 306 includes a pair of
- diametrically opposed projections 404 and the tube fitting 402 includes a pair of diametrically opposed channels 406 for receiving the projections 404 when the tube fitting 402 is axially mounted onto the discharge port 306. Once the projections 404 bottom-out in the channels 406, the tube fitting 402 is rotated. The projections 404 then ride in diametrically opposed slots 408 defined through the tube fitting 402.
- tube fitting 402 is then prevented from axially sliding off the delivery port 306.
- the tube fitting 402 is fixed to the delivery port 306 with adhesive, press fit, welding, or the like.
- an enlarged luer-lock connector 410 is mounted to a distal end of the extension tube 400.
- the 610 comprises a knob 412, a spindle 414, and a collar 416.
- the collar 416 includes a side port 418 defining a side bore 426.
- a main bore 420 is defined through the collar 416 normal to the side port 418.
- the distal end of the extension tube 400 fits into the side bore 426 of the side port 418.
- the extension tube 400 may be fixed in the side port 418 by press fit, ultrasonic welding, adhesive, or the like.
- the spindle 414 is rotatably supported in the main bore 420 of the collar 416.
- a pair of o-rings 415 seals the spindle 414 in the main bore 420.
- the spindle 414 includes a throughbore 422 and a cross bore 424 aligned with the side bore 426 in the side port 418.
- the cross bore 424 is disposed between the o-rings 415.
- the knob 412 includes a stem 428 that fits into the throughbore 422 in a top of the spindle
- the stem 428 is fixed in the throughbore 422 by a press-fit, ultrasonic welding, adhesive, or the like.
- the knob 412 further includes a grasping portion 430 shaped for grasping by a hand of the user.
- the spindle 414 fits inside an annular cavity 432 in the knob 412.
- a bottom of the spindle 414 has a connector portion 434, e.g., a standard
- the throughbore 422 continues through the luer-lock fitting 434.
- the luer-lock fitting 434 is configured for attaching to a corresponding luer-lock fitting 436 on a delivery cannula 440.
- the user grasps the grasping portion 430 of the knob 412 and rotates the knob 412 and spindle 414 to lock the luer-lock fitting 434 of the spindle 414 on the luer-lock fitting 436 on the delivery cannula 440.
- oversized grasping portion 430 facilitates easier connection of the extension tube 400 to the delivery cannula 440 to deliver the bone cement mixture through the extension tube 400, the throughbore 422, the delivery cannula 440, and to the target site.
- the 635 connector 410 are preferably formed of a bio-compatible plastic material such as nylon, PBT (polybutylene terephthalate), PC (polycarbonate), ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene), glass-filled nylon, glass-filled polyetherimide, or the like.
- the umbrella valve 320 is preferably formed of nitrile.
- the delivery device 500 comprises a reservoir 502 defining a delivery chamber for receiving the bone cement mixture from the transfer conduit 110 during the transfer phase.
- the reservoir 502 threadably engages a cap 505 seated in an end
- the end plate 507 is supported between and fixed to two side plates 509.
- the end plate 507 has a U-shaped cutout portion into which the cap 505 extends.
- the cutout portion supports the cap 505.
- a bottom plate 506 supports and is fixed to the side plates 509.
- a middle plate 513 is fixed to the bottom plate 506 and the two side plates 509.
- the middle plate 513 is preferably rectangular in shape to prevent rotation
- a nut 524 is disposed between the middle plate 513 and the cap 505.
- the nut 524 is fixed from rotation relative to the plates 507, 509, 513 by being fixed to the middle plate 513 by adhesive, welding, fasteners, or the like.
- a plunger 510 drives the mixture
- the plunger 510 includes a threaded shaft 536 that engages threads (not shown) of the nut 524.
- a plunger head 544 is fixed to the threaded shaft 536 to form a distal end of the plunger 510.
- An o-ring 550 with a dynamic seal 551 is seated in an outer groove defined in the plunger head 544 to seal against an interior of the reservoir 502.
- a proximal end 511 of the plunger 510 is slidably disposed in a rotating drive shaft 600.
- the drive shaft 600 is hollow and includes a key 602 disposed along its internal surface.
- the key 602 protrudes radially inwardly.
- the plunger 510 includes a keyway 604 disposed in an outer surface of the threaded shaft 536.
- the key 602 is configured to slide in the keyway 604 as the drive shaft 600 rotates due the fixed
- a delivery motor 606 and gear box 608 operate to rotate the drive shaft 600.
- the gear box 608 includes a box 610 and a cover 612.
- the delivery motor 606 is supported in a mounting sleeve 614 disposed on the cover 612.
- a motor shaft 616 penetrates through the cover 612 into the gear box 608.
- a pinion gear 616 is fixed to the motor shaft 616 to rotate with the delivery motor 606 during its operation.
- a series of spur gears 618, 620, 622, 624 are rotatably supported by shafts 626, 628.
- the shafts 626, 628 are fixed to the box 610 and cover 612 for support.
- a proximal end of the drive shaft 600 is rotatably supported in
- a drive gear 632 is fixed to the proximal end of the drive shaft 600 and rotatably supported by a shaft 634.
- the shaft 634 is fixed to the cover 612.
- the series of spur gears 618, 620, 622, 624 transfer power from the motor shaft 616 to the drive gear 632 during operation.
- a switch 640 controls operation of the delivery motor 606.
- the delivery motor 606 may be powered by a battery pack 680 607. After the mixture has been transferred from the mixing chamber 138 to the delivery chamber of the reservoir 502, as described above, the user can operate the delivery motor 606 to delivery the mixture to the target site.
- a drool valve 700 may be positioned at any point along the extension tube 400, including at the distal end of the extension tube 400.
- the drool valve 700 may be a motor-controlled valve or a solenoid valve.
- the drool valve 700 is controlled by a controller 702.
- the controller 702 in this embodiment, also controls the delivery motor 606 through the switch 640.
- valve 700 operates to discontinue flow of the mixture through the extension tube 400 from the delivery device 500 upon actuation of the delivery switch 640 thereby preventing excess mixture from entering the target site. Without the drool valve 700, when the user actuates the delivery switch 640 to stop operation of the delivery motor 606, there is still pressure in the extension tube 400 due to the compressible
- This pressure tends to deliver an additional amount of the mixture to the target site after the user desires to stop flow of the mixture.
- the drool valve 700 With the drool valve 700, the amount of the mixture delivered can be better controlled.
- the user actuates the switch 640 to send power to the drool valve 700 and the delivery motor 606. This opens the drool valve 700 and
- the delivery motor 606 starts operation of the delivery motor 606. Operation of the delivery motor 606 rotates the drive shaft 600 and advances the plunger 510 in the reservoir 502 to begin delivering the mixture from the reservoir 502, down the extension tube 400, to the target site.
- the switch 640 is again actuated to signal the controller 702 that the delivery motor 606 is to be
- the controller 702 then discontinues power to the delivery motor 606 and the drool valve 700.
- a viscosity meter 710 monitors current draw on the delivery motor 606 to approximate the viscosity of the mixture in the reservoir 502.
- the viscosity meter 710 can be a current meter integrated into the controller 702 to
- the controller 702 then correlates current draw to viscosity by way of a look-up table using correlation values that can be easily derived.
- a display 712 then displays the approximate viscosity of the mixture.
- the viscosity measurement is an estimate and not an exact measurement of viscosity, but can be useful in determining how much
Abstract
A bone cement mixing and delivery system (100) is provided in which separate components of bone cement are mixed together in a mixer to form a bone cement mixture. The mixer includes a mixing paddle (126) and a mixing shaft (120) connected to the mixing paddle. A motor (150) operatively engages the mixing shaft to rotate the mixing shaft and the mixing paddle to mix the components in a mixing chamber (138). The motor also operatively engages a transfer mechanism (134). After a predetermined mixing period has elapsed, the motor automatically actuates the transfer mechanism to transfer the mixture to a delivery device (104). The mixture is then delivered to a target site, such as a vertebral body of a patient or other anatomical site.
Description
BONE CEMENT MIXING AND DELIVERY SYSTEM WITH
AUTOMATED BONE CEMENT TRANSFER BETWEEN
MIXER AND DELIVERY DEVICE
AND METHOD OF MIXING AND AUTOMATED TRANSFER OF BONE
CEMENT BETWEEN MIXER AND DELIVERY DEVICE
RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 60/828,509, filed October 6, 2006 and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 60/969,173, filed August 31, 2007, both of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
FIELD OF INVENTION [0002] The present invention is generally related to bone cement mixing and delivery systems in which separate components of bone cement are mixed together in a mixer to form a bone cement mixture. The mixture is transferred to a delivery device and then delivered to a target site, such as a vertebral body or other anatomical site.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Bone cement mixing and delivery systems are well known for mixing separate components of bone cement together to form a uniform bone cement mixture and then delivering that mixture to a target site. Typically, such systems employ a mixer having a handle for manually mixing the components. Once mixed, the mixture is then manually transferred to a delivery device such as a syringe. The syringe is used to inject the mixture into the target site. Examples of target sites include medullary canals for total hip arthroplasty procedures, vertebral bodies for vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty procedures, and other sites in which bone cement is required.
[0004] Often, the types of bone cements used in these procedures have short working time windows of only a few minutes thereby affecting the amount of time available for mixing and delivering the mixture to the target site.
Current systems require a great deal of user interaction in set-up, including manually mixing the bone cement components and manually transferring the mixture to the delivery device. This user interaction delays delivery of the mixture to the target site, while also exhausting the user's energy. As a result, there is a need for bone cement mixing and delivery systems that are capable of quick set-up, with little user interaction. [0005] One example of a bone cement mixing and delivery system that attempts to improve set-up time is shown in U.S. Patent No. 5,571,282 to Earle. Earle discloses a motorized mixer that is used to mix the bone cement components. The mixer mixes the components a pre-selected amount of time, as set by the user. At the end of the pre-selected time, the mixer stops automatically and pressure is applied to the mixture to push the mixture out through a port in the bottom of the mixer to a syringe or a delivery cartridge.
[0006] The release of odors and gases associated with the bone cement components during mixing can also be undesirable. As a result, there is also a need for bone cement mixing and delivery systems that are substantially self- contained such that the odors and gases associated with the components are not substantially released during mixing or transfer.
[0007] One example of a bone cement mixing and delivery system that provides some containment is shown in U.S. Patent No. 5,193,907 to Faccioli et al. Faccioli et al. discloses an apparatus for mixing and delivering bone cement formed from liquid and powder components. The apparatus comprises a cylindrical body and a plunger slidable within the body. A powder chamber stores the powder component between the plunger and a distal end of the body. A glass ampoule stores the liquid component inside the plunger. To mix the components, a user presses a plug in the plunger's proximal end to urge a tip of the glass ampoule against a cammed surface (or against a piercing member) to release the liquid component. The liquid component then passes through channels defined in the plunger's head to the powder chamber. The user shakes the body to mix the components in the powder chamber and form the bone cement mixture. The user
manually presses the plunger to discharge the mixture out of an exit port and through a flexible conduit to a target site.
[0008] These prior art systems are suitable for reducing set-up times, conserving a user's energy, and reducing exposure of the user to the bone cement components. However, there is still a need in the art for bone cement mixing and delivery systems that are capable of further reducing set-up time and enabling quick operation to deliver bone cement to a target site.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0009] The present invention provides a bone cement mixing and delivery system. The system comprises a mixer and a delivery device. The mixer includes a housing defining a mixing chamber for receiving the components of bone cement. The delivery device includes a reservoir defining a delivery chamber in communication with the mixing chamber for receiving the mixture from the mixing chamber. The mixer further includes a mixing paddle disposed in the mixing chamber for mixing the components to form the mixture. A mixing shaft engages the mixing paddle. A transfer mechanism transfers the mixture out from the mixing chamber and into the delivery chamber. A motor operatively engages both the mixing shaft and the transfer mechanism. The motor operates to rotate the mixing shaft and mix the components in the mixing chamber for a predetermined mixing time to form the mixture. The motor also operates to actuate the transfer mechanism to automatically transfer the mixture from the mixing chamber to the delivery chamber after the predetermined mixing time has elapsed.
[0010] A method of mixing and transferring the components is also provided. The method includes disposing the components in the mixing chamber of the mixer with the mixing paddle. Operation of the motor is started to actuate the mixing shaft and move the mixing paddle in the mixing chamber to mix the components for a predetermined mixing time. After the predetermined mixing time elapses, operation of the motor continues to actuate the transfer mechanism. A predetermined amount of the mixture is automatically transferred from the mixing
chamber to the delivery chamber after the predetermined mixing time has elapsed 95 and in response to actuating the transfer mechanism.
[0011] The system and method of the present invention have the advantage of using the same motor to actuate both the mixing paddle and the transfer mechanism to minimize weight, cost, and waste, especially considering that the system is preferably intended for single use. Furthermore, the system and 100 method of the present invention reduce user interaction compared to prior art devices and increases the readiness in which an operator can prepare a batch of bone cement for surgical purposes. This is useful when the bone cement increases in viscosity quickly and has a short working window.
1 o 5 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0012] These and other objects, features and advantages of this invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment and accompanying drawings in which:
[0013] Figure 1 is a top perspective view of a bone cement mixing
HO and delivery system including a mixer and a delivery device;
[0014] Figure 2 is a side elevational view of the system of Fig. 1;
[0015] Figure 3 is a top view of the system of Fig. 1;
[0016] Figure 4 is a partial front perspective view of the system with a casing and middle housing portion removed to show a motor and transfer 115 mechanism of the mixer;
[0017] Figure 5 is a partial top perspective view of a bottom housing portion of the mixer showing a switch and gears of the transfer mechanism;
[0018] Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the system of Fig. 1 in a mixing phase;
120 [0019] Figure 7 is another cross-sectional view of the system of Fig.
1 in the mixing phase;
[0020] Figure 8 is a perspective view of a mixing shaft of the mixer;
[0021] Figure 9 A is a top perspective view of a mixing paddle of the mixer;
125 [0022] Figure 9B is a top perspective view of the mixing paddle in a flattened state;
[0023] Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view of the mixing paddle taken generally along the line 10-10 in Fig. 9;
[0024] Figure 11 is a top perspective view of a piston of the mixer;
130 [0025] Figure 12 is a bottom perspective view of the piston;
[0026] Figure 13 is a cross-sectional view of the piston taken generally along the line 13-13 in Fig. 11;
[0027] Figure 14 is a top perspective view of a mixer housing of the mixer;
135 [0028] Figure 15 is a bottom perspective view of the mixer housing;
[0029] Figure 16 is a side elevational view of the mixer housing;
[0030] Figure 17 is a top perspective view of a transfer disc of the mixer;
[0031] Figure 18 is a bottom perspective view of the transfer disc;
140 [0032] Figure 19 is a cross-sectional view of the transfer disc taken generally along the line 19-19 in Fig. 17;
[0033] Figure 20 is a cross-sectional view of the system of Fig. 1 in a transfer phase;
[0034] Figure 21 is another cross-sectional view of the system of Fig.
145 1 in the transfer phase;
[0035] Figure 22 is an exploded view of a base of the mixer;
[0036] Figure 23 is a top perspective view of the base of the mixer;
[0037] Figure 24 is a perspective view of a transfer gear;
[0038] Figure 25 is a perspective view of a driver;
150 [0039] Figure 26 is a perspective view of a switch nut;
[0040] Figures 27-29 are perspective views of various spur gears;
[0041] Figure 30 is a top perspective view of a cap of the mixer;
[0042] Figure 31 is a bottom perspective view of the cap;
[0043] Figure 32 is a cross-sectional view of the cap taken generally
155 along the line 32-32 in Fig. 30;
[0044] Figure 33 is a top perspective view of a valve ring of the mixer;
[0045] Figure 34 is a cross-sectional view of the valve ring taken generally along the line 34-34 in Fig. 32;
160 [0046] Figures 35A-38B are top perspective views of alternative mixing paddles in normal and flattened states;
[0047] Figure 39 is a top perspective view of the delivery device;
[0048] Figure 40 is an exploded perspective view of the delivery device; 165 [0049] Figure 41 is a cross-sectional view of the delivery device;
[0050] Figure 42 is a top view of a valve housing of the delivery device;
[0051] Figure 43 is a partial cross-sectional perspective view illustrating an optional clutch mechanism of the delivery device;
170 [0052] Figure 44 is a top perspective view of an alternative plunger of the delivery device;
[0053] Figure 45 is a bottom perspective view of an alternative proximal knob portion of the delivery device;
[0054] Figures 46 is a top perspective view of the delivery device
175 coupled to an extension tube and an enlarged luer-lock connector;
[0055] Figure 47 is a cross-sectional view of the extension tube and the enlarged luer-lock connector;
[0056] Figure 48 is a perspective view of a lock fitting of the extension tube; 180 [0057] Figure 49 is an electrical schematic of the mixer;
[0058] Figure 50 is a top perspective view of a motorized delivery device;
[0059] Figure 51 is an exploded view of the motorized delivery device; and
185 [0060] Figure 52 is a cross-sectional view of the motorized delivery device.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0061] Referring in more detail to the drawings, a bone cement
190 mixing and delivery system of the present invention is generally shown at 100 in FIG. 1. The system 100 includes a mixer 102 to mix separate components of bone cement to form a bone cement mixture and a delivery device 104 to deliver the mixture to a target site. The target site may be an anatomical site such as a vertebral body or the target site may be in or near an implant to fix the implant in position.
195 [0062] The system 100 is useful in any procedure in which bone cement or any other mixture is required, particularly when time is a constraint and exposure of the material or its vapors to the user is to be minimized. The system 100 is capable of mixing the components and automatically transferring the mixture to the delivery device 104 upon completion of mixing with no operator interaction.
200 This reduces variability in mixing between users and creates consistency across multiple users. This automatic transfer feature reduces time and energy otherwise spent by a user to manually mix and transfer the mixture to a delivery device such as a conventional syringe. The system 100 also reduces exposure of the user to the bone cement components during mixing and transfer when compared to
205 conventional mixing and delivery devices.
I. Mixer
[0063] Referring to FIGS. 1-3, the mixer 102 includes a base 106 for supporting the mixer 102 on a surface. The base 106 includes rubber feet 105 for
210 gripping the surface. A casing 107 mounts to the base 106 to cover the base and provide an aesthetically pleasing shape to the mixer 102. A mixer housing 108 is coupled to the casing 107. A transfer conduit 110 links the mixer housing 108 to the delivery device 104. The transfer conduit 110 conveys the mixture from the mixer 102 to the delivery device 104. A switch cover 112 is pivotally mounted to the casing 107
215 to protect a switch button 114 (see FIG. 4) used to begin operation of the mixer 102. Once the switch button 114 is pressed, the bone cement components are mixed together
to form the mixture and then, once mixing is complete, the mixture is automatically transferred through the transfer conduit 110 to the delivery device 104.
[0064] Referring to FIGS. 4 and 5, the mixer 102 is shown with the
220 casing 107 removed to expose some of its internal components. As shown, the mixer 102 is battery-powered. Batteries 115 are used to power a motor 150 that drives the mixing and transfer operations of the mixer 102. In one embodiment, a battery pack 109 of eight batteries 115 is used to power the motor 150. The motor 150 is preferably a reversible DC motor such as those available from Mabuchi Motor Co. of Matsudo
225 City, Japan. Possible models that could be used include Model Nos. RC-280RA-2865 and RC-280SA-2865. The mixer 102 is preferably disposable such that the motor 150 and batteries 115 are selected for single use. A switch 117 closes a circuit (see FIG. 49) between the batteries 115 and the motor 150 to begin operation of the motor 150. The switch button 114, when pressed, trips the switch 117 to close the circuit. Once
230 the mixing and transfer operations are complete, the motor 150 ceases to operate.
[0065] Referring to FIGS. 6 and 7, the base 106 of the mixer 102 comprises a bottom housing portion 118 and a middle housing portion 116 secured to the bottom housing portion 118 using conventional fasteners, adhesives, and the like. A mixing shaft 120 is rotatably supported between the housing portions 116, 118. The
235 mixing shaft 120 has a mixing gear 122 with mixing gear teeth 123 at one end. The mixing shaft 120 is rotatably supported in the bottom housing portion 118 by a centering pin 119. The mixing shaft 120 extends from the mixing gear end to a second end 124 that is connected to a mixing paddle 126. This connection is preferably releasable, but could include integral or fixed connections.
240 [0066] Referring to FIGS. 6-10, the mixing paddle 126 includes a hub
128 with inner splines 130 that interact with outer splines 132 on the mixing shaft 120 to rotationally lock the mixing shaft 120 to the mixing paddle 126 during the mixing phase (shown in FIGS. 8 and 10). The outer splines 132 extend along the entire length of the mixing shaft 120 from the mixing gear 122. This rotational locking feature
245 allows the mixing shaft 120 to impart rotational motion to the mixing paddle 126 to adequately mix the bone cement components. When mixing is complete, the rotational
lock between the mixing shaft 120 and the hub 128 is removed to prevent further rotation of the mixing paddle 126 in the transfer phase.
[0067] The preferred embodiment of the mixing paddle 126 is shown
250 in FIGS. 9A, 9B, and 10. In one embodiment, the mixing paddle 126 is formed of injection molded plastic. In other embodiments, the mixing paddle 126 is formed from a flat piece of plastic or metal material. In these embodiments, the mixing paddle 126 is cut from the flat piece of material and folded/shaped to the configuration shown in FIG. 9 A. The mixing paddle 126 includes a flat base section 222 and a bent flap 220
255 forming an obtuse angle with the flat base section 222. The flat base section 222 is fixed to the hub 128 by being integrally molded with the hub 128 or by adhesive or the like. The hub 128 extends downwardly from the flat base section 222. The bent flap 220 is radially spaced from a center of the hub 128. As the mixing paddle 126 rotates, the bent flap 220 urges the bone cement components upwardly. A pair of flat arms 224
260 extends upwardly from the flat base section 222 generally perpendicularly to the flat base section 222. The flat arms 224 act as mixing vanes to mix the bone cement components.
[0068] A flat connector section 226 extends between and connects the flat arms 224. The flat connector section 226 forms an obtuse angle A with the flat
265 arms 224. As a result, when the mixing paddle 126 is urged upwardly in the mixing chamber 138 during the transfer phase (further described below), the flat connector section 226 strikes a top of the mixer housing 108. As the mixing paddle 126 continues to move upwardly in the mixing chamber 138, the mixing paddle 126 begins to compress toward a flattened configuration. This includes bending the flat arms 224
270 downward toward the flat base section 222 about a hinge, then eventually flattening the flat connection section 226 and the bent flap 220 such that they all fall in generally the same plane as the flat base section 222 (see FIG. 9B).
[0069] Referring to FIGS. 6-7 and 11-13, a piston 134 supports the mixing paddle 126. More specifically, the hub 128 of the mixing paddle 126 is seated
275 in a bore 136 defined through the piston 134. An o-ring seals the hub 128 in the bore 136. The piston 134 is releasably secured in the mixer housing 108. Another o-ring seals the piston 134 to an interior surface of the mixer housing 108. The piston 134
includes a pair of flexible tabs 135 that rest beneath a shoulder 137 defined in the interior surface of the mixer housing 108. The flexible tabs 135 hold the piston 134 in
280 place until such time as the piston 134 is forced upwardly to transfer the mixture to the delivery device 104 in the transfer phase. At that point, the flexible tabs 135 are forced inwardly to allow the piston 134 to move upwardly along the interior surface of the mixer housing 108. In the mixing phase, however, the piston 134 remains in place and forms a mixing chamber 138 with the mixer housing 108.
285 [0070] In one embodiment, the mixer 102 may be shipped with a powder component of the bone cement stored in the mixing chamber 138. In this embodiment, a cap 140 is releasably coupled to the mixer housing 108 during shipment to keep the powder component in the mixing chamber 138. More specifically, the cap 140 is secured to a cylindrically-shaped top port 141 of the mixer housing 108.
290 [0071] The top port 141 defines a pour opening 143 (see FIG. 14) that enters the mixing chamber 138 through a plurality of web sections 145 that form a web. A plurality of port flanges 147 extends radially outwardly from the top port 141 to engage the cap 140. The cap 140 includes a plurality of locking tabs 149 that engage the port flanges 147 to lock the cap 140 to the mixer housing 108. An o-ring seals the
295 cap 140 to the mixer housing 108. When the system 100 is ready to be used, the user removes the cap 140 to add a liquid component of the bone cement through the pour opening 143 to the powder component already placed in the mixing chamber 138 or also added through the pour opening 143. Once the components are disposed in the mixing chamber 138, the mixer 102 is ready for operation.
300 [0072] The motor 150 operates through a gear arrangement to rotate the mixing shaft 120 during the mixing phase to mix the powder and liquid components. Rotation of the mixing shaft 120 imparts rotation to the mixing paddle 126, which is disposed in the mixing chamber 138. The gear arrangement includes a face gear 152 having a set of face gear teeth 154. A pinion gear 156 (see FIG. 22) is
305 fixed to a shaft of the motor 150 to rotate with the motor 150 during operation. The pinion gear 156 has pinion gear teeth 157 engaging the face gear teeth 154 such that the motor 150 drives the face gear 152 during operation.
[0073] The face gear 152 drives a first spur gear 160, which drives a second spur gear 166. More specifically, the face gear 152 has a lower set of gear teeth
310 158 continuously engaging an upper set of spur gear teeth 162 formed on the first spur gear 160. A lower set of spur gear teeth 164 formed on the first spur gear 160 continuously engages an upper set of spur gear teeth 168 formed on the second spur gear 166. The upper set of spur gear teeth 168 engages the mixing gear teeth 123 to rotate the mixing shaft 120 and mixing paddle 126 during the mixing phase.
315 [0074] The second spur gear 166 drives a third spur gear 167. In particular, a lower set of spur gear teeth 170 formed on the second spur gear 166 engages a lower set of spur gear teeth 169 formed on the third spur gear 167. The third spur gear 167 also includes an upper set of spur gear teeth 171 (see FIG. 7). The upper set of spur gear teeth 171 formed on the third spur gear 167 engages a set of transfer
320 gear teeth 176 formed on a transfer gear 172. As a result, when the motor 150 operates, both the mixing shaft 120 and the transfer gear 172 rotate. Each of the face gear 152 and spur gears 160, 166, 167 are supported by centering pins captured between the middle housing portion 116 and the bottom housing portion 118.
[0075] The transfer gear 172 is generally cylindrical and includes a first
325 open end and a second, partially closed, end defining an aperture. The mixing shaft 120 is rotatably supported in the aperture such that rotation of the mixing shaft 120 does not interfere with rotation of the transfer gear 172. The speed with which the mixing shaft 120 and transfer gear 172 rotate depends on the gear ratios of the gears. In some embodiments, the gear ratios are set such that the transfer gear 172 rotates
330 slower than the mixing shaft 120.
[0076] The transfer gear 172 forms part of a transfer mechanism of the mixer 102. The transfer mechanism transfers the mixture out from the mixing chamber 138 and into a delivery chamber of the delivery device 104 after mixing. Transfer threads 178 are defined on an outer surface of the transfer gear 172. A switch nut 180
335 is threaded on the outer surface of the transfer gear 172. The switch nut 180 is fixed from rotation so that as the transfer gear 172 rotates, the switch nut 180 moves along the outer surface of the transfer gear 172. The switch nut 180 has two projections 182 with a notch 184 defined therebetween. The notch 184 rides along an edge of a printed
circuit board 186 fixed to the bottom housing 118 to prevent rotation of the switch nut
340 180 with the transfer gear 172. In other words, the edge of the printed circuit board 186 rides in the notch 184 between the projections 182 as the transfer gear 172 rotates thereby preventing the switch nut 180 from rotating. The motor 150, by way of its rotation of the transfer gear 172, operatively engages the switch nut 180. This is best shown in FIG. 5.
345 [0077] During operation, after the switch 117 has been closed, the switch nut 180 rides along the printed circuit board 186 as it further threads onto the transfer gear 172 in one direction until it engages a second switch 190 (see FIG. 5), spaced from the switch 117. Thus, the switch nut 180 acts as a switch actuator 180. Other suitable actuators could be employed. The second switch 190, when tripped by
350 movement of the switch nut 180, opens the circuit between the batteries 115 and the motor 150 to shut down operation of the motor 150 (see FIG. 49).
[0078] The transfer mechanism further includes a driver 192 that is keyed to the transfer gear 172 to rotate with the transfer gear 172. Thus, the transfer gear 172 operatively couples the motor 150 to the driver 192. The driver 192 includes
355 keyways 193 (see FIG. 22), while the transfer gear 172 includes keys 195 (see FIG. 22) slidably disposed in the keyways 193. In other embodiments, the driver 192 could include the keys 195, while the transfer gear 172 includes the keyways 193. Of course, other coupling mechanisms could be used to lock rotation of the transfer gear 172 to the driver 192. The driver 192 is free to move axially relative to the transfer gear 172.
360 The driver 192 has driving threads 194 defined on its outer surface. During the mixing phase, the driving threads 194 are rotatably received in a bore 196 of a transfer disc 198. The transfer disc 198 is coupled to a bottom of the mixer housing 108 and fixed from movement. The transfer disc 198 also forms part of the transfer mechanism and acts as a drive nut 198 for the driver 192.
365 [0079] During the mixing phase, the driving threads 194 rotate within the bore 196 of the transfer disc 198 and engage corresponding threads 202 in the bore 196. Thus, the transfer disc 198 operates as a fixed drive nut. FIGS. 6 and 7 show the driving threads 194 fully advanced through the bore 196. This represents the end of the mixing phase. A spring 203 biases the driver 192 upwardly in the cavity of the transfer
370 gear 172 to facilitate engagement with the threads 202. The time required for the driving threads 194 to fully advance through the bore 196 represents the mixing phase. In other words, a predetermined mixing period is set by the amount of time it takes for the driving threads 194 to fully advance through the transfer disc 198. Once the driving threads 194 completely pass through the bore 196, the transfer phase begins.
375 The transfer phase continues for a predetermined transfer period, which is defined between the start of transfer and the actuation of the second switch 190, which ceases operation of the motor 150.
[0080] Referring to FIGS. 20 and 21, when the driver 192 advances in the transfer phase, it pushes the push cap 200 axially upwardly against the piston 134,
380 which in turn urges the piston 134 upwardly to move through the mixing chamber 138. The piston 134 is sealed to the wall of the mixer housing 108 and includes a face that contacts the mixture in the mixing chamber 138. The mixture is pushed upwardly through an exit port 204 (also referred to as a transfer port 204; see FIG. 21) into the transfer conduit 110 and then into the delivery device 104. For this reason, the piston
385 134 is also considered part of the transfer mechanism of the mixer 102.
(0081] As the driver 192 advances in the transfer phase and moves the piston 134 through the mixing chamber 138, the driver 192/piston 134 disengages the mixing paddle 126 from the mixing shaft 120. More specifically, the hub 128 with inner splines 130 is lifted off the outer splines 132 on the mixing shaft 120 to
390 rotationally unlock the mixing shaft 120 from the mixing paddle 126 during the transfer phase. The mixing shaft 120 is held down by the transfer gear 172 while the mixing paddle 126 is disengaged from the mixing shaft 120. As the piston 134 rises in the mixing chamber 138, the mixing paddle 126 folds down to a compact size to permit a majority of the mixture to be pressed out of the mixing chamber 138 and into the
395 delivery device 104.
[0082] The motor 150 operates through the gear arrangement to rotate the mixing shaft 120 and actuate the mixing paddle 126 during the mixing phase to mix the powder and liquid components, while also rotating the transfer gear 172 to actuate the transfer mechanism to automatically transfer the mixture from the mixing chamber
400 138 to the delivery chamber of the delivery device 104 after the predetermined mixing
period has elapsed. In other words, the motor 150 operatively engages both the mixing shaft 120 and the transfer mechanism (including the transfer gear 172, driver 192, piston 134, etc.). The motor 150 continues operation from its start, upon actuation of the switch 117, until it stops upon actuation of the second switch 190, during which
405 time the motor 150 operates to mix the components in the mixer 102 and transfer the mixture to the delivery device 104. In one embodiment, the switch 117 and the second switch 190 are combined into a single switch (not shown) that is closed to start operation of the motor 150 by an actuator, and opened to stop operation of the motor 150.
410 [0083] In still other embodiments, the second switch 190 reverses the polarity of the motor 150 and causes the transfer gear 172 to reverse its rotation. Consequently, the switch nut 180 changes direction and rides back along the printed circuit board 186. In this embodiment, the threads 202 are configured such that during the mixing phase the driving threads 194 cannot engage the threads 202 of the transfer
415 disc 198. However, when the polarity switch 190 is tripped by the switch nut 180, the driver 192 reverses its direction of rotation with the transfer gear 172 and engages the threads 202 in a manner that advances the driver 192 axially during the transfer phase. In this embodiment, a third switch (not shown) or other mechanism would be required to be tripped by the switch nut 180 as it travels back along the printed circuit board 186
420 to stop operation of the motor 150.
[0084] As shown in FIGS. 7 and 14-19, the bottom of the mixer housing 108 includes a flange 173 and a short wall 175 extending downwardly from the flange 173. A plurality of locking tabs 177 (see FIG. 15) are spaced circumferentially about the short wall 175 and extend radially outwardly from the short
425 wall 175. During assembly of the mixer 102, the locking tabs 177 are inserted into openings 179 (see FIG. 17) defined in a top of the transfer disc 198. The casing 107 is captured between the mixer housing 108 and the transfer disc 198 when this is done (see FIG. 21). The mixer housing 108 is then rotated one-quarter turn such that the locking tabs 177 slide beneath corresponding locking members 183 on the transfer disc
430 198 until they reach stops 199. The piston 134 rests on top of the transfer disc 198 and is initially coupled to the transfer disc 198 by the push cap 200.
[0085] FIG. 22 illustrates an exploded view of the base 106 including the bottom housing portion 118, the middle housing portion 116, and the gear arrangement disposed therebetween for converting motor operation into mixing and
435 transfer operations. FIG. 23 shows the base 106 fully assembled.
[0086] FIGS. 24-29 illustrate perspective views of the transfer gear
172, the driver 192, the switch nut 180, the first spur gear 160, the second spur gear 166, and the third spur gear 167.
[0087] Referring to FIGS. 30-32, the cap 140 is shown. The cap 140
440 includes a top 232. A cap wall 234 is disposed on the top 232 and extends downwardly from the top 232 to a bottom wall 236. A gripping flange 238 extends downwardly from the top 232 and is spaced from the cap wall 234. A plurality of locking tabs 240 are disposed on the gripping flange 238 and extend radially inwardly into a gap between the gripping flange 238 and the cap wall 234. The locking tabs 240 engage
445 the tabs 147 on the top port 141.
[0088] Referring to FIGS. 7, 33, and 34, a valve 206 is arranged in the exit port 204 to prevent the escape of unmixed components during mixing. Referring to FIG. 34, the valve includes a plastic or metal ring 210 having a plurality of apertures 212 for receiving an elastomeric material 213 in a molding process. The material 213
450 fills in the apertures 212 as shown in FIG. 34 and includes cross-cut slits 214 that remain closed in the mixing phase, but open up and allow the mixture to flow therethrough into the transfer conduit 110 during the transfer phase.
II. Alternative Mixing Paddles 455 [0089] Alternative embodiments of the mixing paddle 126 are shown in FIGS. 35A-38B. In FIGS. 35A and 35B, the mixing paddle 126' is formed of plastic and includes a pair of flat arms 224' extending upwardly from a flat base section 222'.
A pair of opposed bent flaps 220' form an obtuse angle with the flat base section 222'.
In this embodiment, the flat arms 224' are opposed from one another on opposite sides 460 of a center of the mixing paddle 126'. The flat arms 224' further include bent ends
225' that strike the top of the mixer housing 208 in the transfer phase and bend inwardly to flatten the flat arms 224'.
[0090] Referring to FIGS. 36A and 36B, the mixing paddle 126' is formed of metal such as stainless steel or aluminum.
465 [0091] In FIGS. 37A and 37B, a mixing paddle 126" has a pair of opposed arms 224" that are pivotally connected to a flat base section 222" by a pair of pivot pins 229.
[0092] In FIGS. 38A and 38B, a mixing paddle 126'" includes a flat base section 222'", a bent flap 220'" forming an obtuse angle with the flat base
470 section 222'", and a single flat arm 224'" extending upwardly generally perpendicularly to the flat base section 222'". An extension 231 extends at an obtuse angle for crossing the mixing chamber 138. In each of the embodiments of the alternative mixing paddles, the arms 224', 224", 224'" are configured to be supported by the wall of the mixer housing 108 during rotation in the clockwise direction (when
475 viewed from above), but unsupported when rotating in the counterclockwise direction. When unsupported, they are urged into their compressed state. This is useful when the motor 150 changes direction during the transfer phase, as described in the alternative transfer embodiment above.
[0093] The mixer housing 108, transfer disc 198, mixing shaft 120,
480 transfer gear 172, face gear 152, spur gears 160, 166, 167, switch nut 180, driver 192, piston 134, cap 140, mixing paddle 126, bottom housing portion 118, middle housing portion 116, casing 107, and switch cover 112 are preferably formed of a biocompatible plastic material such as nylon, PBT (polybutylene terephthalate), PC (polycarbonate), ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene), glass-filled nylon, glass-filled
485 polyetherimide, or the like.
ID. Delivery Device
[0094] Referring to FIGS. 39-42, the delivery device 104 is shown.
The delivery device 104 comprises a reservoir 302 defining the delivery chamber for 490 receiving the bone cement mixture from the transfer conduit 110 during the transfer phase. The reservoir 302 includes an entry port 314 (or inlet port 314) defined in a sidewall of the reservoir 302. A valve housing 316 (see also FIG. 42) is outfitted with an o-ring 318 and is seated in the entry port 314. The valve housing includes a
plurality of flow paths 319 and a central bore 321. As shown in FIG. 41, a one-way
495 umbrella valve 320 is supported in the central bore 321 of the valve housing 316 such that the bone cement mixture opens the valve 320 to fill the reservoir 302. The oneway umbrella valve 320 prevents the bone cement mixture from re-entering the mixer 102 during the transfer phase. A handle 304 is mounted about the reservoir 302 for grasping by the user.
500 [0095] A rotatable fitting 322 is secured in the valve housing 316 during the mixing and delivery phases. To accomplish this, the rotatable fitting 322 fits through an aperture 325 in the handle 304. The rotatably fitting 322 includes a pair of diametrically opposed locking tabs 306 that engages the handle 304. The handle 304 includes a plurality of locking flanges 327 spaced circumferentially from one another
505 in the aperture 325. The locking flanges 327 extend radially inwardly into the aperture 325. During assembly, the locking tabs 306 pass into the aperture 325 between the locking flanges 327 and are rotated into place with the locking tabs 306 disposed beneath the locking flanges 327. An annular flange 329 of the rotatable fitting 322 rests on top of the locking flanges 327 when in position (see FIG. 41).
510 [0096] One end of the transfer conduit 110 fits into the rotatable fitting
322. A throughbore 331 is defined through the rotatable fitting 322 to transfer the bone cement mixture to the reservoir 302 from the transfer conduit 110. During transfer the bone cement mixture passes through the throughbore 331 under pressure thereby opening the one-way umbrella valve 320 and passing through the flow paths 319 (see
515 FIG. 42) into the reservoir 302. Once transfer is complete, the rotatable fitting 322 is rotated counterclockwise to release the rotatable fitting 322 from the valve housing 316 thereby allowing the user to remove the delivery device 104 from its cradle mounts 333 on the mixer 102 in preparation for delivering the bone cement mixture to the target site.
520 [0097] A nut 324 is mounted to a proximal end of the reservoir 302. In particular, the proximal end of the reservoir 302 has a rectangular flange 326 for supporting the nut 324. The rectangular flange 326 slides into a slot 328 defined in the nut 324. The nut 324 has a generally box-like shape that is secured between two halves 330, 332 of the handle 304. Each half 330, 332 of the handle 304 has a complimentary
525 box-shaped cavity 334 such that the nut 324 fits snugly in the cavities 334 when the halves 330, 332 are fixed together. The halves 330, 332 may be fixed together by conventional fasteners, adhesives, and the like.
[0098] A plunger 310 drives the mixture through the delivery chamber of the reservoir 302 during delivery. The plunger 310 includes a threaded shaft 336
530 that engages threads 338 of the nut 324. A plunger head 344 is snap-fit to the threaded shaft 336 to form a distal end of the plunger 310. The plunger head 344 is snap-fit to the threaded shaft 336 by inserting a stem 346 of the plunger head 344 into a bore 348 defined through the threaded shaft 336. Referring to FIGS. 40 and 41, the stem 346 has a pair of diametrically opposed detent ramps 354 that slide through the bore 348 in
535 a compressed configuration (by being pressed together via a slot 349 defined through the stem 346) until the ramps 354 pass a shoulder 356 in the bore 348. Once they pass the shoulder 356, the ramps 354 spring outwardly to engage the shoulder 356 and prevent withdrawal of the plunger head 344. An o-ring 350 is seated with a dynamic seal 351 in an outer groove defined in the plunger head 344 to seal against an interior
540 of the reservoir 302.
[0099] A proximal end 311 of the plunger 310 has a generally box-like shape. A knob 312 is mounted about the proximal end 311 of the plunger 310 to facilitate rotation of the plunger 310. The knob 312 has a proximal knob portion 340 defining a box-shaped cavity 341 for receiving the proximal end 311 of the plunger
545 310 such that as the user rotates the proximal knob portion 340, the plunger 310 also rotates. A distal knob portion 342 is fastened to the proximal knob portion 340 using fasteners, adhesives, or the like. The proximal end 311 of the plunger 310 is captured between the proximal 340 and distal 342 knob portions to prevent the proximal end 311 of the plunger 310 from slipping out of the box-shaped cavity 341.
550
IV. Alternative Delivery Device with Clutch
[00100] Referring to FIGS. 43-45, an alternative plunger shaft 360 is shown. Referring specifically to FIG. 44, a proximal end of the plunger shaft 360 includes a flange 362 and a plurality of projections 364 disposed on the flange 362.
555 The plurality of projections 364 extend proximally from the flange 362. The
projections 364 are circumferentially spaced from one another about a periphery of the flange 362. Each of the projections 364 has a vertical surface 366 and an angled surface 368 (forms acute angle with flange 362) meeting at a plateau 370 generally parallel to the flange 362. In the embodiment, a knob 371 is mounted to the proximal
560 end of the plunger shaft 360 to facilitate rotation of the plunger shaft 360. The knob 371 includes a proximal knob portion 372. The proximal knob portion 372 includes a top 374 and a plurality of complimentary projections 376 disposed on the top 374 and extending distally from the top 374. The complimentary projections 376 mate with the projections 364 on the flange 362 by fitting in spaces defined between the projections
565 364 on the flange 362.
[00101] Each of the complimentary projections 376 also includes a vertical surface 378 and an angled surface 380 meeting at a plateau 382 generally parallel to the top 374. A distal knob portion 384 is fastened to the proximal knob portion 372 using fasteners, adhesives, or the like. The proximal end of the plunger
570 shaft 360 is captured between the proximal 372 and distal 384 knob portions. The plunger shaft 360 passes through a bore 385 defined through the distal knob portion 384. A spring 386 rests on a shoulder 388 defined in the distal knob portion 384 about the bore 385. The spring 386 acts between the shoulder 388 and the flange 362.
[00102] The spring 386, along with the projections 364, 376, form a
575 clutch mechanism. This clutch mechanism can be configured to slip when undesired pressures are reached in the delivery device 104. During use, when a user is rotating the knob 371, the projections 376 formed on the proximal knob portion 372 engage the projections 364 formed on the flange 362 of the plunger shaft 360. In particular, the angled surfaces 368, 380 engage one another as the user rotates the knob 371
580 clockwise. The spring 386 acts to keep the angled surfaces 368, 380 in engagement during normal operation. However, when undesired pressures are reached the angled surfaces 368, 380 begin to slip and the flange 362 separates from the proximal knob portion 372. As a result, the projections 364, 376 slide out of engagement thereby preventing further advancement of the plunger shaft 360 until pressure is normalized.
585 Different spring constants can be used to alter the pressure at which the clutch mechanism is actuated. Furthermore, the projections 364, 376 could be oriented
radially, as opposed to axially, such that axial forces supplied by the user does not affect the clutch mechanism's operation.
590 V. Extension Tube with Enlarged Connector
[00103] Referring to FIG. 46, an extension tube 400 is shown mounted to the distal end of the reservoir 302. In one embodiment, the extension tube 400 is automatically primed with bone cement during the transfer phase. In other words, the system 100 is designed for use with specified mixture volumes that fill both the
595 reservoir 302 and the extension tube 400 in the transfer phase. This eliminates the need for the user to prime the extension tube 400 manually.
[00104] Referring to FIGS. 47 and 48, the extension tube 400 includes a tube fitting 402 for securing the extension tube 400 to the delivery port 306 of the reservoir 302. Referring back to FIG. 39, the delivery port 306 includes a pair of
600 diametrically opposed projections 404 and the tube fitting 402 includes a pair of diametrically opposed channels 406 for receiving the projections 404 when the tube fitting 402 is axially mounted onto the discharge port 306. Once the projections 404 bottom-out in the channels 406, the tube fitting 402 is rotated. The projections 404 then ride in diametrically opposed slots 408 defined through the tube fitting 402. The
605 tube fitting 402 is then prevented from axially sliding off the delivery port 306. In other embodiments, the tube fitting 402 is fixed to the delivery port 306 with adhesive, press fit, welding, or the like.
[00105] Referring to FIG. 47, an enlarged luer-lock connector 410 is mounted to a distal end of the extension tube 400. The luer-lock connector 410
610 comprises a knob 412, a spindle 414, and a collar 416. The collar 416 includes a side port 418 defining a side bore 426. A main bore 420 is defined through the collar 416 normal to the side port 418. The distal end of the extension tube 400 fits into the side bore 426 of the side port 418. The extension tube 400 may be fixed in the side port 418 by press fit, ultrasonic welding, adhesive, or the like.
615 [00106] The spindle 414 is rotatably supported in the main bore 420 of the collar 416. A pair of o-rings 415 seals the spindle 414 in the main bore 420. The spindle 414 includes a throughbore 422 and a cross bore 424 aligned with the side bore
426 in the side port 418. The cross bore 424 is disposed between the o-rings 415. The knob 412 includes a stem 428 that fits into the throughbore 422 in a top of the spindle
620 414. The stem 428 is fixed in the throughbore 422 by a press-fit, ultrasonic welding, adhesive, or the like.
[00107] The knob 412 further includes a grasping portion 430 shaped for grasping by a hand of the user. The spindle 414 fits inside an annular cavity 432 in the knob 412. A bottom of the spindle 414 has a connector portion 434, e.g., a standard
625 luer-lock fitting 434. The throughbore 422 continues through the luer-lock fitting 434. The luer-lock fitting 434 is configured for attaching to a corresponding luer-lock fitting 436 on a delivery cannula 440. During use, the user grasps the grasping portion 430 of the knob 412 and rotates the knob 412 and spindle 414 to lock the luer-lock fitting 434 of the spindle 414 on the luer-lock fitting 436 on the delivery cannula 440. The
630 oversized grasping portion 430 facilitates easier connection of the extension tube 400 to the delivery cannula 440 to deliver the bone cement mixture through the extension tube 400, the throughbore 422, the delivery cannula 440, and to the target site.
[00108] The reservoir 302, rotatable fitting 322, handle 304, knob 312, plunger 310, nut 324, valve housing 316, tube fitting 402, and enlarged luer-lock
635 connector 410 are preferably formed of a bio-compatible plastic material such as nylon, PBT (polybutylene terephthalate), PC (polycarbonate), ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene), glass-filled nylon, glass-filled polyetherimide, or the like. The umbrella valve 320 is preferably formed of nitrile.
640 VI. Alternative Delivery Device with Delivery Motor
[00109] Referring to FIGS. 50-52, an alternative delivery device 504 is shown. The delivery device 500 comprises a reservoir 502 defining a delivery chamber for receiving the bone cement mixture from the transfer conduit 110 during the transfer phase. The reservoir 502 threadably engages a cap 505 seated in an end
645 plate 507. The end plate 507 is supported between and fixed to two side plates 509. The end plate 507 has a U-shaped cutout portion into which the cap 505 extends. The cutout portion supports the cap 505. A bottom plate 506 supports and is fixed to the side plates 509. A middle plate 513 is fixed to the bottom plate 506 and the two side
plates 509. The middle plate 513 is preferably rectangular in shape to prevent rotation
650 of the middle plate 513 between the side plates 509. A nut 524 is disposed between the middle plate 513 and the cap 505. The nut 524 is fixed from rotation relative to the plates 507, 509, 513 by being fixed to the middle plate 513 by adhesive, welding, fasteners, or the like.
[00110] Referring to FIGS. 51 and 52, a plunger 510 drives the mixture
655 through the delivery chamber of the reservoir 502 during delivery. The plunger 510 includes a threaded shaft 536 that engages threads (not shown) of the nut 524. A plunger head 544 is fixed to the threaded shaft 536 to form a distal end of the plunger 510. An o-ring 550 with a dynamic seal 551 is seated in an outer groove defined in the plunger head 544 to seal against an interior of the reservoir 502.
660 [00111] A proximal end 511 of the plunger 510 is slidably disposed in a rotating drive shaft 600. The drive shaft 600 is hollow and includes a key 602 disposed along its internal surface. The key 602 protrudes radially inwardly. The plunger 510 includes a keyway 604 disposed in an outer surface of the threaded shaft 536. The key 602 is configured to slide in the keyway 604 as the drive shaft 600 rotates due the fixed
665 nature of the nut 524.
[00112] Referring to FIG. 52, a delivery motor 606 and gear box 608 operate to rotate the drive shaft 600. The gear box 608 includes a box 610 and a cover 612. The delivery motor 606 is supported in a mounting sleeve 614 disposed on the cover 612. A motor shaft 616 penetrates through the cover 612 into the gear box 608.
670 A pinion gear 616 is fixed to the motor shaft 616 to rotate with the delivery motor 606 during its operation. A series of spur gears 618, 620, 622, 624 are rotatably supported by shafts 626, 628. The shafts 626, 628 are fixed to the box 610 and cover 612 for support.
[00113] A proximal end of the drive shaft 600 is rotatably supported in
675 the box 610 by a bushing 630. A drive gear 632 is fixed to the proximal end of the drive shaft 600 and rotatably supported by a shaft 634. The shaft 634 is fixed to the cover 612. The series of spur gears 618, 620, 622, 624 transfer power from the motor shaft 616 to the drive gear 632 during operation. A switch 640 controls operation of the delivery motor 606. The delivery motor 606 may be powered by a battery pack
680 607. After the mixture has been transferred from the mixing chamber 138 to the delivery chamber of the reservoir 502, as described above, the user can operate the delivery motor 606 to delivery the mixture to the target site.
VII. Drool Valve and Viscosity Meter
685 [00114] Referring back to FIG. 50, a drool valve 700 may be positioned at any point along the extension tube 400, including at the distal end of the extension tube 400. The drool valve 700 may be a motor-controlled valve or a solenoid valve. The drool valve 700 is controlled by a controller 702. The controller 702, in this embodiment, also controls the delivery motor 606 through the switch 640. The drool
690 valve 700 operates to discontinue flow of the mixture through the extension tube 400 from the delivery device 500 upon actuation of the delivery switch 640 thereby preventing excess mixture from entering the target site. Without the drool valve 700, when the user actuates the delivery switch 640 to stop operation of the delivery motor 606, there is still pressure in the extension tube 400 due to the compressible
695 nature of the mixture. This pressure tends to deliver an additional amount of the mixture to the target site after the user desires to stop flow of the mixture. With the drool valve 700, the amount of the mixture delivered can be better controlled.
[00115] In operation, the user actuates the switch 640 to send power to the drool valve 700 and the delivery motor 606. This opens the drool valve 700 and
700 starts operation of the delivery motor 606. Operation of the delivery motor 606 rotates the drive shaft 600 and advances the plunger 510 in the reservoir 502 to begin delivering the mixture from the reservoir 502, down the extension tube 400, to the target site. When the user wishes to stop the flow of the mixture, the switch 640 is again actuated to signal the controller 702 that the delivery motor 606 is to be
705 stopped and the drool valve 700 is to be closed. The controller 702 then discontinues power to the delivery motor 606 and the drool valve 700.
[00116] A viscosity meter 710 monitors current draw on the delivery motor 606 to approximate the viscosity of the mixture in the reservoir 502. The viscosity meter 710 can be a current meter integrated into the controller 702 to
7io monitor the current draw from the delivery motor 606. The controller 702 then
correlates current draw to viscosity by way of a look-up table using correlation values that can be easily derived. A display 712 then displays the approximate viscosity of the mixture. Of course, the viscosity measurement is an estimate and not an exact measurement of viscosity, but can be useful in determining how much
715 longer the working time window for the particular bone cement being used will remain open.
[00117] While this description is directed to a few particular embodiments, it is understood that those skilled in the art may conceive of modifications and/or variations to the specific embodiments shown and described
720 herein. Any such modifications or variations that fall within the purview of this description are intended to be included herein as well. It is understood that the description herein is intended to be illustrative only and is not intended to be limited.
Claims
1. A bone cement mixing and delivery system (100) for mixing separate components of bone cement to form a uniform bone cement mixture and for delivering the mixture to a target site, said system comprising: a mixer (102) including a housing (108) defining a mixing chamber 730 (138) for receiving the components of bone cement forming the mixture; and a delivery device (104) including a reservoir (302) defining a delivery chamber in communication with said mixing chamber for receiving the mixture from said mixing chamber, said mixer further including:
735 a mixing paddle (126, 126', 126") disposed in said mixing chamber for mixing the components to form the mixture; a mixing shaft (120) connected to said mixing paddle; a transfer mechanism (134, 172, 192, 198) for
740 transferring the mixture out from said mixing chamber and into said delivery chamber; and a motor (150) operatively engaging both said mixing shaft and said transfer mechanism, said motor operating to rotate said mixing shaft and mix the components in said
745 mixing chamber for a predetermined mixing period to form the mixture and said motor operating to actuate said transfer mechanism to automatically transfer the mixture from said mixing chamber to said delivery chamber after said predetermined mixing period has elapsed. 750
2. A system as set forth in claim 1 including a transfer conduit (110) extending between said mixing chamber and said delivery chamber for conveying the mixture from said mixing chamber to said delivery chamber.
755 3. A system as set forth in claim 1 wherein said transfer mechanism includes a piston (134) having a face adapted for contacting the mixture and pushing the mixture out from said mixing chamber and into said delivery chamber.
4. A system as set forth in claim 3 wherein said transfer mechanism 760 further includes a driver (192) for moving said piston through said mixing chamber to push the mixture out from said mixing chamber and into said delivery chamber, said motor operatively engaging said driver to advance said driver toward said piston during mixing and advance said driver with said piston during transfer of the mixture from said mixing chamber to said delivery chamber. 765
5. A system as set forth in claim 4 wherein said piston supports said mixing paddle and said driver disengages said mixing paddle from said mixing shaft while moving said piston through said mixing chamber during transfer of the mixture from said mixing chamber to said delivery chamber.
770
6. A system as set forth in claim 4 wherein said transfer mechanism further includes a drive nut (198) fixed to said housing, said driver including drive threads (194) that engage said drive nut when said motor operates to rotate said driver and advance said driver relative to said drive nut.
775
7. A system as set forth in claim 6 wherein: said transfer mechanism further includes a transfer gear (172) operatively coupling said motor and said driver wherein operation of said motor rotates said transfer gear; and
780 said driver having one of a key (195) or a keyway (193) and said transfer gear having the other of said key or said keyway such that said driver rotates with said transfer gear upon operation of said motor.
8. A system as set forth in claim 7 wherein said mixer further includes a 785 first switch (117) for starting operation of said motor and a second switch (190), spaced from said first switch, for stopping operation of said motor.
9. A system as set forth in claim 8 including a switch nut (180) for advancing toward said second switch after activation of said first switch, said motor
790 operatively engaging said switch nut to move said switch nut during operation of said motor.
10. A system as set forth in claim 9 wherein said transfer gear includes outer threads (178), said switch nut engaging said outer threads and moving along
795 said transfer gear toward said second switch upon rotation of said transfer gear.
11. A system as set forth in claim 7 wherein said mixing shaft extends through said driver, said transfer gear, and said piston to engage said mixing paddle.
800 12. A system as set forth in claim 7 including a first gear (160) and a second gear (166) operating between said motor and said mixing shaft.
13. A system as set forth in claim 12 wherein said transfer mechanism further includes a third gear (167) operating between said motor and said transfer
805 gear, said first, second, and third gears being configured for providing different rotational speeds for said mixing shaft and said transfer gear.
14. A system as set forth in claim 1 wherein said housing includes a transfer port (204) for conveying the mixture from said mixing chamber to said
810 delivery chamber and said reservoir includes an inlet port (314, 514) for receiving the mixture from said mixing chamber.
15. A system as set forth in claim 14 including a valve (206) disposed between said transfer port of said housing and said inlet port of said reservoir for 815 preventing the backflow of the mixture into said mixing chamber from said delivery chamber.
16. A system as set forth in claim 1 wherein said motor is battery operated.
820
17. A system as set forth in claim 1 wherein said mixer further includes a at least one switch (117, 190) for starting operation of said motor and stopping operation of said motor after mixing and transfer is complete.
825 18. A system as set forth in claim 17 including a switch actuator (180) for advancing toward said at least one switch after activation of said at least one switch, said motor operatively engaging said switch actuator to move said switch actuator during operation of said motor.
830 19. A system as set forth in claim 1 wherein said mixing paddle has a base (222, 222', 222") disposed in a plane and a mixing vane (224, 224', 224") extending from said base at a hinge, said mixing vane being foldable about said hinge to fold toward the same plane as said base during transfer of the mixture from said mixing chamber to said delivery chamber.
835
20. A system as set forth in claim 1 wherein said mixer includes a base (106) for supporting said transfer mechanism and said motor and a casing (107) mounted to said base.
840 21. A system as set forth in claim 1 wherein said delivery device further comprises: an exit port (306); a plunger (310, 510) disposed in said delivery chamber for pushing the mixture out from said delivery chamber through said exit port; and 845 an extension tube (400) having a proximal end coupled to said exit port and extending to a distal end to convey the mixture from said delivery chamber to the target site.
22. A system as set forth in claim 21 wherein said transfer mechanism is
850 configured for automatically priming said extension tube with the mixture during transfer of the mixture from said mixing chamber to said delivery chamber by continuing to transfer the mixture from said mixing chamber to said delivery chamber until said extension tube is substantially filled with the mixture.
855 23. A system as set forth in claim 21 including a connector (410) coupled to said distal end of said extension tube, said connector comprising: a knob (412) for grasping by a user; a spindle (414) fixed to said knob for rotating with said knob upon rotation of said knob by a user, said spindle including a connector portion (434) 860 defining a first bore (422); and a collar (416) rotatably supporting said spindle, said collar having a side port (418) defining a second bore (426) for receiving said distal end of said extension tube such that the mixture can move from said extension tube through said second bore and into said first bore. 865
24. A system as set forth in claim 23 wherein said connector portion is further defined as a luer-lock fitting.
25. A system as set forth in claim 24 including a delivery cannula (440) 870 having a luer-lock fitting (436) adapted for engaging said luer-lock fitting of said connector.
26. A system as set forth in claim 21 wherein said delivery device further includes a delivery motor (606) for advancing said plunger (510) through said
875 reservoir (502).
27. A system as set forth in claim 26 including a delivery switch (640) for starting and stopping operation of said delivery motor.
880 28. A system as set forth in claim 27 wherein said delivery device further includes a valve (700) mounted along said extension tube, said valve being operable by said delivery switch to discontinue flow of the mixture through said extension tube and from said delivery device upon actuation of said delivery switch thereby preventing excess mixture from entering the target site when the user actuates said
885 delivery switch to stop delivery of the mixture to the target site.
29. A system as set forth in claim 26 including a meter (710) for monitoring current draw on said delivery motor to determine the viscosity of the mixture in said reservoir.
890
30. A method of mixing separate components of bone cement in a mixer (102) including a motor (150) operatively engaging a mixing shaft (120) wherein the mixing shaft is connected to a mixing paddle (126, 126', 126") to form a uniform bone cement mixture and transferring the mixture from the mixer to a delivery
895 device ( 104), said method comprising the steps of: disposing the components in a mixing chamber (138) of the mixer with the mixing paddle disposed in the mixing chamber; starting operation of the motor to actuate the mixing shaft and move the mixing paddle in the mixing chamber;
900 mixing the components in the mixing chamber for a predetermined mixing period in response to starting operation of the motor; continuing operation of the motor after the predetermined mixing period has elapsed to actuate a transfer mechanism; and automatically transferring a predetermined amount of the mixture 905 from the mixing chamber to a delivery chamber of the delivery device after the predetermined mixing period has elapsed and in response to actuating the transfer mechanism.
31. A method as set forth in claim 30 wherein transferring the mixture 910 includes pushing the mixture out from the mixing chamber and into the delivery chamber through a transfer conduit (110).
32. A method as set forth in claim 31 wherein pushing the mixture includes moving a piston (134) through the mixing chamber with a driver (192), the
915 motor operatively engaging the driver to advance the driver toward the piston during mixing and advance the driver with the piston during transfer of the mixture from the mixing chamber to the delivery chamber.
33. A method as set forth in claim 32 including disengaging the mixing 920 paddle from the mixing shaft while moving the piston through the mixing chamber during transfer of the mixture from the mixing chamber to the delivery chamber.
34. A method as set forth in claim 30 including starting operation of the motor by actuating a first switch (117) and stopping operation of the motor by
925 actuating a second switch ( 190).
35. A method as set forth in claim 34 including advancing a switch actuator (180) toward the second switch after actuation of the first switch.
930 36. A method as set forth in claim 32 including rotating the mixing shaft and the driver at different rotational speeds.
37. A method as set forth in claim 30 including folding a mixing vane (224, 224', 224") of the mixing paddle during transfer of the mixture from the 935 mixing chamber to the delivery chamber.
38. A method as set forth in claim 30 wherein transferring the predetermined amount of the mixture includes priming an extension tube (400) attached to the delivery device.
940
39. A method as set forth in claim 38 including connecting the extension tube to the delivery device prior to transferring the mixture from the mixing chamber to the delivery chamber.
945 40. A method as set forth in claim 38 including connecting the extension tube to a delivery cannula (440).
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP07839304.8A EP2066432B1 (en) | 2006-10-06 | 2007-10-05 | Bone cement mixing and delivery system with automated bone cement transfer between mixer and delivery device |
US12/416,171 US7658537B2 (en) | 2006-10-06 | 2009-04-01 | Bone cement mixing and delivery system with automated bone cement transfer between mixer and delivery device |
US12/652,295 US7854543B2 (en) | 2006-10-06 | 2010-01-05 | Motorized bone cement mixing and delivery system that automatically transfers bone cement between the mixer and the delivery device and that automatically terminates the mixing and transfer processes |
US12/961,216 US8172456B2 (en) | 2006-10-06 | 2010-12-06 | Motorized bone cement mixing and delivery system that allows a user to detach the delivery device from the mixer for delivery |
US13/465,615 US20120218851A1 (en) | 2006-10-06 | 2012-05-07 | Motorized bone cement mixing and delivery system with a flexible delivery extension tube and enlarged connector for delivering cement into living tissue |
US14/076,536 US9597138B2 (en) | 2006-10-06 | 2013-11-11 | Motorized bone cement mixing and delivery system with an enlarged connector for connecting to the cannula through which the cement is injected into the patient |
US15/461,562 US10499971B2 (en) | 2006-10-06 | 2017-03-17 | Mechanised bone cement delivery system with a valve that closes to stop the flow of pressurized cement |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
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US82850906P | 2006-10-06 | 2006-10-06 | |
US60/828,509 | 2006-10-06 | ||
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US60/969,173 | 2007-08-31 |
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US12/416,171 Continuation US7658537B2 (en) | 2006-10-06 | 2009-04-01 | Bone cement mixing and delivery system with automated bone cement transfer between mixer and delivery device |
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WO2008045329A2 true WO2008045329A2 (en) | 2008-04-17 |
WO2008045329A3 WO2008045329A3 (en) | 2008-10-23 |
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2009
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2010
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2012
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US7854543B2 (en) * | 2006-10-06 | 2010-12-21 | Stryker Corporation | Motorized bone cement mixing and delivery system that automatically transfers bone cement between the mixer and the delivery device and that automatically terminates the mixing and transfer processes |
US7658537B2 (en) * | 2006-10-06 | 2010-02-09 | Stryker Corporation | Bone cement mixing and delivery system with automated bone cement transfer between mixer and delivery device |
US10499971B2 (en) | 2006-10-06 | 2019-12-10 | Stryker Corporation | Mechanised bone cement delivery system with a valve that closes to stop the flow of pressurized cement |
US9597138B2 (en) | 2006-10-06 | 2017-03-21 | Stryker Corporation | Motorized bone cement mixing and delivery system with an enlarged connector for connecting to the cannula through which the cement is injected into the patient |
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US11129659B2 (en) | 2017-02-22 | 2021-09-28 | Stryker Corporation | Flow diverter for bone cement delivery systems |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20120218851A1 (en) | 2012-08-30 |
WO2008045329A3 (en) | 2008-10-23 |
US7854543B2 (en) | 2010-12-21 |
US20140094817A1 (en) | 2014-04-03 |
US20100110820A1 (en) | 2010-05-06 |
US20170181786A1 (en) | 2017-06-29 |
US10499971B2 (en) | 2019-12-10 |
EP2898942A1 (en) | 2015-07-29 |
US8172456B2 (en) | 2012-05-08 |
EP2066432A4 (en) | 2014-01-15 |
EP2066432B1 (en) | 2015-02-11 |
EP2066432A2 (en) | 2009-06-10 |
EP2898942B1 (en) | 2016-09-14 |
US9597138B2 (en) | 2017-03-21 |
US20090257306A1 (en) | 2009-10-15 |
US20110194371A1 (en) | 2011-08-11 |
US7658537B2 (en) | 2010-02-09 |
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